#September 30 1919

[whitesinhistory]

On the night of September 30, 1919, approximately 100 Black farmers attended a meeting of the Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America at a church in Phillips County, Arkansas. Many of the farmers were sharecroppers on white-owned plantations in the area, and the meeting was held to discuss ways they could organize to demand fairer payments for their crops.

Black labor unions such as the Progressive Farmers were deeply resented among white landowners throughout the country because unions threatened to weaken white aristocratic power. The union also made efforts to subvert racial divisions in labor relations and had hired a white attorney to negotiate with land owners for better cotton prices.

Knowing that Black union organizing often attracted opposition, Black men stood as armed guards around the church while the Phillips County meeting took place. When a group of white people from the Missouri-Pacific Railroad attempted to intrude and spy on the meeting, the guards held them back and a shootout erupted. At least two white men were killed, and enraged white mobs quickly formed.

The mobs descended on the nearby Black town of Elaine, Arkansas, destroying homes and businesses and attacking any Black people in their path over the coming days. Terrified Black residents, including women, children, and the elderly, fled their homes and hid for their lives in nearby woods and fields. A responding federal troop regiment claimed only two Black people were killed, but many reports challenged the white soldiers’ credibility and accused them of participating in the massacre. Today, historians estimate hundreds of Black people were killed in the massacre.

When the violence was quelled, 67 Black people were arrested and charged with inciting violence, while dozens more faced other charges. No white attackers were prosecuted, but 12 Black union members convicted of riot-related charges were sentenced to death. The NAACP, along with local African American lawyer Scipio Africanus Jones, represented the men on appeal and successfully obtained reversals of all of their death sentences.

[rockpaperscissuhs]

Band of Brothers Birthdays

January

1 John S. Zielinski Jr. (b. 1925)

21 Richard D. “Dick” Winters (b. 1918)

26 Herbert M. Sobel (b. 1912)

30 Clifford Carwood "Lip" Lipton (b. 1920)

31 Warren H. “Skip” Muck (b. 1922) & Robert B. Brewer (b. 1924)

February

8 Clarence R. Hester (b. 1916)

18 Thomas A. Peacock (b. 1920)

23 Lester A. “Les” Hashey (b. 1925)

March

1 Charles E. “Chuck” Grant (b. 1922)

2 Colonel Robert L. “Bob” Strayer (b. 1910)

4 Wayne “Skinny” Sisk (b. 1922)

10 Frank J. Perconte (b. 1917)

13 Darrell C. “Shifty” Powers (b. 1923)

14 Joseph J. “Joe” Toye (b. 1919)

24 John D. “Cowboy” Halls (b. 1922)

26 George Lavenson (b. 1917) & George H. Smith Jr. (1922)

27 Gerald J. Loraine (b. 1913)

April

3 Colonel Robert F. “Bob” Sink (b. 1905) & Patrick S. “Patty” O’Keefe (b. 1926)

5 John T. “Johnny” Julian (b. 1924)

10 Renée B. E. Lemaire (b. 1914)

11 James W. Miller (b. 1924)

15 Walter S. “Smokey” Gordon Jr. (b. 1920)

20 Ronald C. “Sparky” Speirs (b. 1920)

23 Alton M. More (b. 1920)

27 Earl E. “One Lung” McClung (b. 1923) & Henry S. “Hank” Jones Jr. (b. 1924)

28 William J. “Wild Bill” Guarnere (b. 1923)

May

12 John W. “Johnny” Martin (b. 1922)

16 Edward J. “Babe” Heffron (b. 1923)

17 Joseph D. “Joe” Liebgott (b. 1915)

19 Norman S. Dike Jr. (b. 1918) & Cleveland O. Petty (b. 1924)

25 Albert L. "Al" Mampre (b. 1922)

June

2 David K. "Web" Webster (b. 1922)

6 Augusta M. Chiwy ("Anna") (b. 1921)

13 Edward D. Shames (b. 1922)

17 George Luz (b. 1921)

18 Roy W. Cobb (b. 1914)

23 Frederick T. “Moose” Heyliger (b. 1916)

25 Albert Blithe (b. 1923)

28 Donald B. "Hoob" Hoobler (b. 1922)

July

2 Gen. Anthony C. "Nuts" McAuliffe (b. 1898)

7 Francis J. “Frank” Mellet (b. 1920)

8 Thomas Meehan III (b. 1921)

9 John A. Janovec (b. 1925)

10 Robert E. “Popeye” Wynn (b. 1921)

16 William S. Evans (b. 1910)

20 James H. “Moe” Alley Jr. (b. 1922)

23 Burton P. “Pat” Christenson (b. 1922)

29 Eugene E. Jackson (b. 1922)

31 Donald G. "Don" Malarkey (b. 1921)

August

3 Edward J. “Ed” Tipper (b. 1921)

10 Allen E. Vest (b. 1924)

15 Kenneth J. Webb (b. 1920)

18 Jack E. Foley (b. 1922)

26 Floyd M. “Tab” Talbert (b. 1923) & General Maxwell D. Taylor (b. 1901)

29 Joseph A. Lesniewski (b. 1920)

31 Alex M. Penkala Jr. (b. 1924)

September

3 William H. Dukeman Jr. (b. 1921)

11 Harold D. Webb (b. 1925)

12 Major Oliver M. Horton (b. 1912)

27 Harry F. Welsh (b. 1918)

30 Lewis “Nix” Nixon III (b. 1918)

October

5 Joseph “Joe” Ramirez (b. 1921) & Ralph F. “Doc” Spina (b. 1919) & Terrence C. "Salty" Harris (b. 1920)

6 Leo D. Boyle (b. 1913)

10 William F. “Bill” Kiehn (b. 1921)

15 Antonio C. “Tony” Garcia (b. 1924)

17 Eugene G. "Doc" Roe (b. 1922)

21 Lt. Cl. David T. Dobie (b. 1912)

28 Herbert J. Suerth Jr. (b. 1924)

31 Robert "Bob" van Klinken (b. 1919)

November

11 Myron N. “Mike” Ranney (b. 1922)

20 Denver “Bull” Randleman (b. 1920)

December

12 John “Jack” McGrath (b. 1919)

31 Lynn D. “Buck” Compton (b. 1921)

Unknown Date

Joseph P. Domingus

Richard J. Hughes (b. 1925)

Maj. Louis Kent

Father John Mahoney

George C. Rice

SOURCES

Military History Fandom Wiki

Band of Brothers Fandom Wiki

Traces of War

Find a Grave

[luckyreds]

Easy Co. Oldest to Youngest

if there's anything incorrect or anyone missing please comment🤣 this is all I could find.

Roy Cobb: 18 June 1914

Joe Liebgott: 17 May 1915

Frank Perconte: 10 March 1917

Dick Winters: 21 January 1918

Harry Welsh: 27 September 1918

Lewis Nixon: 30 September 1918

Joe Toye: 14 March 1919

Ralph Spina: 5 October 1919

Robert van Klinken: 31 October 1919

Carwood Lipton: 30 January 1920

Thomas Peacock: 18 February 1920

Ron Speirs: 20 April 1920

Alton More: 22 April 1920

Bull Randleman: 20 November 1920

George Luz: 17 June 1921

Popeye Wynn: 10 July 1921

Don Malarkey: 31 July 1921

Ed Tipper: 3 August 1921

Joe Ramirez: 5 October 1921

Buck Compton: 31 December 1921

Skip Muck: 31 January 1922

Chuck Grant: 1 March 1922

Skinny Sisk: 4 March 1922

Johnny Martin: 12 May 1922

David Webster: 2 June 1922

Donald Hoobler: 28 June 1922

Moe Alley: 20 July 1922

Pat Christenson: 23 July 1922

Eugene Jackson: 29 July 1922

Jack Foley: 18 August 1922

Eugene Roe: 17 October 1922

Shifty Powers: 13 March 1923

Earl McClung: 27 April 1923

Bill Guarnere: 28 April 1923

Babe Heffron: 16 May 1923

Floyd Talbert: 26 August 1923

John Julian: 5 April 1924

James Miller: 11 April 1924

Alex Penkala: 31 August 1924

Tony Garcia: 15 October 1924

Lester Hashey: 23 February 1925

John Janovec: 9 July 1925

Patrick O’Keefe: 3 April 1926

[oatflatwhite]

BOBSTROLOGY

A completely serious presentation by @pegasusdrawnchariots and oatflatwhite

written version under the cut!

♈️Patrick O’Keefe [April 3 1926] ♈️Robert Sink [April 3 1905] ♈️John Julian [5 April 1924] ♈️Renée Lemaire [10 April 1914] ♈️James Miller [11 April 1924] ♈️Walter “Smokey” Gordon [April 15 1920] ♉️~Ronald Speirs [April 20 1920] ♉️Alton More [April 22 1920] ♉️Henry Jones [27 April 1924] ♉️Edward “Babe” Heffron [May 16 1923] ♉️John Martin [May 12 1922] ♉️Joseph Liebgott [May 17 1915] ♉️Norman Dike [May 19 1918] ♉️William Guarnere [April 28 1923] ♊️David Webster [June 2 1922] ♊️George Luz [June 17 1921] ♊️Roy Cobb [June 18 1914] ♋️Frederick “Moose” Heyliger [June 23 1916] ♋️Albert Blithe [June 25 1923] ♋️Donald Hoobler [28 June 1922] ♋️Thomas Meehan [8 July 1921] ♋️John Janovec [9 July 1925] ♋️Robert “Popeye” Wynn [July 10 1921] ♋️James "Moe" Alley [July 20 1922] ♌️~Burton “Pat” Christenson [July 23 1922] ♌️Eugene Jackson [29 July 1922] ♌️Donald Malarkey [July 31 1921] ♌️Edward Tipper [3 August 1921] ♍️Floyd Talbert [August 26 1923] ♍️Alex Penkala [August 30 1922] ♍️William Dukeman [3 September 1921] ♎️Eugene Roe [October 17 1922] ♎️Harry Welsh [September 27 1918] ♎️Lewis Nixon [September 30 1918] ♎️Ralph Spina [October 5 1919] ♎️Thomas Peacock [October 9 1923] ♏️Denver “Bull” Randleman [November 20 1920] ♑️Lynn “Buck” Compton [December 31 1921] ♑️Antonio Garcia [January 17 1925] ♒️Richard "Dick" Winters [January 21 1918] ♒️Herbert Sobel [January 26 1912] ♒️Carwood Lipton [January 30 1920] ♒️Warren “Skip” Muck [January 31 1922] ♓️Lester Hashey [23 February 1925] ♓️Charles “Chuck” Grant [1 March 1922] ♓️Robert Strayer [March 2 1912] ♓️Wayne “Skinny” Sisk [March 4 1922] ♓️Frank Perconte [March 10 1917] ♓️Darrell “Shifty” Powers [March 13 1923] ♓️Joseph Toye [March 14 1919]

6 Aries 🥉 8 Taurus 🥇 3 Gemini 7 Cancer 🥈 4 Leo 3 Virgo 5 Libra 1 Scorpio 0 Sagittarius 🥄 2 Capricorn 4 Aquarius 7 Pisces 🥈

10 🔥 13 🪨 12 💨 15 💧

20 cardinal 17 fixed 13 mutable

22 masculine 28 feminine

[greatworldwar2]

• Jake McNiece

James Elbert "Jake" McNiece was a US Army paratrooper in World War II. Private McNiece was a member of the Filthy Thirteen, an elite demolition unit. McNiece practiced in several operations throughout world war 2 with the 101st Airborne Division.

James McNiece was born on May 24th, 1919, in Maysville, Oklahoma, the ninth of ten children born to Eli Hugh and Rebecca McNiece, and of Irish American and Choctaw descent. During the Depression, the family moved to Ponca City, Oklahoma in 1931. In 1939, he graduated from Ponca City High School and went to work in road construction, and then at the Pine Bluff Arsenal, where he gained experience in the use of explosives. McNiece enlisted for military service on September 1st, 1942. He was assigned to the demolition saboteur section of what was then the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment. This section became the Filthy Thirteen, first led by Lieutenant Charles Mellen, who was killed in action on June 6th, 1944, during the Invasion of Normandy. Following Mellen's death, Private McNiece became acting leader of the unit. McNiece is iconically recognized by wearing Native American–style "mohawk" and applying war paint to himself and other members of his unit which, excited the public's interest in this unit. The inspiration for this came from McNiece, who was part Choctaw.

McNiece's deliberate disobedience and disrespect during training prevented him from being promoted past Private when most Paratroopers were promoted to Private First Class after 30 days. McNiece would act as section sergeant and first sergeant through various missions. His first sergeant and company commanders knew he was the man the regiment could count on during combat. McNiece went on to make a total of four wartime combat jumps, the first as part of the Invasion of Normandy in 1944. In the same year he jumped as part of Operation Market Garden in the Netherlands. McNiece would see action again at the Siege of Bastogne, part of the larger Battle of the Bulge. During fighting in the Netherlands, he acted as demolition platoon sergeant. He volunteered for pathfinder training, anticipating he would sit out the rest of the war training in England, but his pathfinder stick was called upon to jump into Bastogne to guide in resupply drops. McNiece received a Bronze Star, Purple Heart, and French Legion of Honor medals for his service and deeds during the war.

His last jump was in 1945, near Prüm in Germany. In recognition of his natural leadership abilities, he ended the war as the acting first sergeant for Headquarters Company, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment. McNiece would be kicked out of the military in February 1946 after fighting with MP’s. In 1949, McNiece returned to live in Ponca City. He began a 28-year career with the United States Postal Service. His first wife Rosita died in 1952 and, a year later, he married Martha Beam Wonders. They had two sons and a daughter and remained married until his death at age 93.

[whencyclopedia]

Munich Agreement

The Munich Agreement, signed on 30 September 1938 at the Munich Conference attended by the leaders of Britain, France, Italy, and Germany, handed over the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia to Germany in the hope that this act of appeasement would prevent a world war and end the territorial expansion pursued by the leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945).

Greater Germany

To understand why world leaders acted as they did at Munich, it is necessary to go back to 1935 and follow the trail of Hitler's land grabs. Hitler, ever since gaining power in 1933, had promised the German people that he would retake those territories the country had lost after the First World War (1914-18) and the humiliating Treaty of Versailles (1919). Further, Hitler wanted Lebensraum ('living space') for the German people, that is, new lands where they could prosper. Hitler's aggressive foreign policy saw a run of territorial 'recoveries'. First, Germany took back the coal-rich Saar region on Germany's western border, an area that had been governed by the League of Nations (the forerunner of today's United Nations) since the end of WWI. In March 1935, voters in the Saar decided overwhelmingly to rejoin Germany. Hitler, encouraged by the lack of an effective international response to Japan's invasion of Chinese Manchuria in 1931 and Italy's invasion of Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in 1935, next occupied the Rhineland, an area between Germany and France which the Versailles Treaty had stipulated must remain demilitarised. German troops entered the Rhineland in March 1936.

Hitler formally repudiated the Treaty of Versailles and embarked on a programme of rearmament. In 1936, he made alliances with Italy: the Rome-Berlin Axis and the Anti-Comintern Pact. In 1938, Hitler turned to neighbouring Austria, the country of his birth. Anschluss ('fusion') with Austria would tie in another 6.7 million German speakers into what Hitler called his 'Greater Germany'. Austria had significant natural resources and foreign currency reserves. Possession of Austria would also give Hitler an excellent strategic platform for further expansion. Hitler mobilised his army, which crossed the border on 12 March. Crucially, Hitler had three factors in his favour: the support of half of the Austrian population, the Austrian army was incapable of effective resistance, and the fascist dictator of Italy Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) had promised he would not interfere. The Austrian government capitulated, radio messages urged people not to resist, and Austria became a province of the Third Reich.

Britain and France, now whole-heartedly pursuing a policy of appeasement towards Hitler in the hope he would settle for the gains he had made already, did not feel this expansion could justify a world war. After all, the lands taken so far contained primarily German speakers, and the majority (as a plebiscite in Austria showed) were happy enough with the move. The problem was Hitler was not satisfied. Now the dictator turned to Czechoslovakia, in particular the Sudetenland region, although in May 1938, Hitler told his generals he intended to occupy the whole of Czechoslovakia.

Europe on the Eve of WWII, 1939

Simeon Netchev (CC BY-NC-ND)

Continue reading...

[yourdailyqueer]

Paula Grossman (deceased)

Gender: Transgender woman

Sexuality: Queer

DOB: 30 October 1919  

RIP: 26 September 2003

Ethnicity: White - American

Occupation: Teacher, musician, singer, veteran, activist

[shewhoworshipscarlin]

Ruby Dandridge

Dorothy Dandridge was an American actress from the early 1900s through to the late 1950s. Dandridge is best known for her role on the radio show Amos 'n Andy, in which she played Sadie Blake and Harriet Crawford, and on radio's Judy Canova Show, in which she played Geranium.

Born Ruby Jean Butler in Wichita, Kansas, on March 3, 1900, she was one of four children. Dandridge's parents were Nellie Simon, a maid, and George Butler, who was a janitor, grocer and entertainer. Dandridge's father was also "a famous minstrel man."

On September 30, 1919, she married Cyril Dandridge. Dandridge moved with her husband to Cleveland, Ohio, where her daughter, actress Vivian Dandridge, was born in 1921. Her second daughter, Academy Award-nominated actress Dorothy Dandridge, was born there in 1922, five months after Ruby and Cyril divorced.

In 1937, Dandridge played one of the witches in what an article in The Pittsburgh Courier called a "sepia representation" of Macbeth in Los Angeles. California. The production began on July 8 at the Mayan Theater. Five years later, she appeared in a production of Hit the Deck at the Curran Theatre in San Francisco, California. One of Dandridge's earliest appearances, thought uncredited, was as a native dancer in King Kong in 1933. Dandridge was also in Junior Miss (1945), Tap Roots (1948), Three Little Girls in Blue (1946), Cabin in the Sky (1943), and Tish (1942). Lillian Randolph, Ernest Whitman, and Ruby Dandridge of the radio cast of The Beulah Show from 1952–1953.

In 1955, Dandridge and her business partner Dorothy Foster bought land in Twentynine Palms, California, with plans to construct a subdivision of 250 homes. Also in the 1950s, Dandridge formed a nightclub act that played in clubs around Los Angeles. A review of her act cited her "flashes of effervescent showmanship" and stated "What Ruby lacks in her voice, she invariably makes up for it with her winsome personality."

Dandridge attended her daughter Dorothy's funeral in 1965.

On October 17, 1987, Dandridge died of a heart attack at a nursing home in Los Angeles, California. She was interred next to Dorothy at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. In the 1999 film Introducing Dorothy Dandridge, Ruby is portrayed by Loretta Devine.

[spoofyleaf]

I've been seeing a lot of people comparing Trump and current state of the USA to 1930s Germany, but I don't see much when it comes to explaining why. If you want people to listen and understand, you need to explain.

So, in this post I'm going to do my best to do so, because that's not an incorrect comparison to make imo (note that I'm shit at wording things). Bear with me, as this will be a long post

Let's begin by looking at how Hitler came into power, and what he did. This is watered down, and there is a lot more, and I encourage you also do more research beyond this!

Let's start at the end of WWI

important things to know: - Reichstag: the central legislative body - President of the Reichstag was elected by the people - Chancellor was appointed by the president

The Treaty of Versailles was signed, and it caused Germany's government and economy to collapse.

Inflation made it hard for people to afford basic goods, and unemployment was high

in 1919, the National Assembly was held to establish a new government, the Weimar Republic. It was a constitutional republic with a parliamentary system.

People did not like this new government at all, and believed it to be too democratic and one of the main reasons the country was in the state it was in. Left and Right radicals popped up.

One of the political groups that popped up in 1920 was the National Socialist Worker's Party (the Nazi party).

1921- Sturm Abeilung(SA) are established, they were also known as the "brownshirts" due to their uniform. The were initially made up of ex-soldiers and unemployed med. This was a violent and disorderly group

By 1921, they had their own newspaper, their own flag, and their own private army. By 1923, the private army had ~15,000 men, they had access to hidden weapons.

1923 rolls around, and Hitler and his party attempted a coup, hoping to change the government into one of a nationalist regime.

Hitler was arrested for a year, and in this time he wrote Mein Kampf

After Hitler's arrest

Hitler wanted to work with the parliamentary system in order to prevent another coup from happening, however people believed Hitler and his party to be ultra extremists

Hitler changes his tactics in order to gain power: instead of attempting to violently seize power, he attempts to win over people's votes for the elections

1925- Schutzstaffe(SS) is established, they were initially formed to be personally Hitler's body guard

At the same time, the economic depression was happening, and Hitler used the failings of banks and rise of unemployment as "evidence" that the government wasn't good enough

In his campaigns, Hitler promised to: fix the economy, return Germany to how it once was (make the status one of a great European and a world power), create a strong, authoritarian government, and regain the territory Germany lost due to WWI

His propaganda wasn't directed at just one group of people, but rather several groups of people

Hitler and the Nazis falsely claimed that Jews and Communists were to blame (more so blaming the Jewish people)

1928, the Nazi Party won less than 3% of the national vote

September 1930. the Nazi Party won 18% of the national vote

July 1932, the Nazi Party won 37% of the vote (more than the other parties)

Now lest talk about how Hitler got into power

Even though the Nazi party refused to work with the other political parties, Hitler demanded that he were to be appointed Chancellor, and the president, Paul von Hindenburg, denied him

Conservatives pressure Hindenburg to appoint Hitler. They essentially wanted to use his face/ charisma to get people to want a more conservative authoritarian government. They wanted to use him to help crush the left.

January 30 1933 Hitler is appointed Chancellor, and Hindenburg believes that he will be able to keep Hitler under control.

Shortly after, on February 27 1933, the Reichstag building in Berlin, a fire breaks out and a young, Dutch communist confesses to starting it and is arrested.

The fire caused mass panic, and using that fear they encouraged anti-communism

Because of this fire, Hitler convinces Hindenburg to declare an emergency. Freedom of the press, freedom of expression, the right to hold public assemblies were suspended, the right to own property. etc.. The police were now allowed to detain citizens without cause. Power, arrests, and intimidation are on the rise.

the SA ran a violent campaign, many people were scared to vote.

March 5 1933- elections take place and the Nazis secured 43.9% of the vote

He convinces the government to ban the Communist party in order to remove his opposition, and by March 15 1933, there are over 10,000 communists detained

Political prisoners were originally held in prisons, however, there were too many people being arrested for the prisons to cope

in order to house all the political prisoners, the first concentration camps are opened.

March 22 1933, the first concentration camp is established, composed of primarily political prisoners

Homosexuals were also some of the first people that were sent to these concentration camps. They were forced to wear pink triangles to define them as homosexuals. Nazis had closed down on gay bars and shut down any gay publications. The arrested gay men were forced up turn in address nooks and name partners in an attempt to register all gay men in Germany

SS and SA are treating the imprisoned people horrible, but many of those detained are terrified to speak out

By the end of 1933, there were ~200,000 political prisoners

SA and SS are going around and using fear and arrests to get rid of opponents

March 23 1933: Hitler proposed the "Enabling Act", and after promising to protect the interests of the Catholic Church, it was passed and it allowed him to enact new laws with no interference from the president or Reichstag for four years. Hitler was now governing by decree

April 1 1933- the government takes official action against Jewish people. and announces a major boycott against Jewish products

April 7 1933- "Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service" is enacted. This made it so Jewish people were no longer allowed to cork in Civil Service (ie schools and government jobs). They were exempt if they were in that job before, or had fought in WWI, or had lost a father or son in WWI. Most Jewish lawyers were forbidden to practice law

April 24 1933- "Law Against Overcrowding in Schools and Universities" is enacted. This limited Jewish students in German school to a max 5% of the total student body

May 2 1933- trade unions are banned

July 14 1933- all non Nazi Parties are banned

July 14 1933- "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring" (aka the Sterilization Law) is passed. This law names nine disabilities (hereditary feeblemindedness, schizophrenia, manic-depressive (or bi-polar) disorder, hereditary epilepsy, Huntington’s chorea, genetic blindness, deafness, severe hereditary physical deformity, and chronic alcoholism) and forced anyone with them to be sterilised. This law also allowed public health officials to people who were seen to reject German social values

September 29 1933, the "Hereditary Farm Law" is passed, banning Jewish people from owning or running farms

October 4 1933- it was declared that all editors must by Aryan, due to the heightened censorship, over 1,600 newspapers were closed by 1935. New reporters had to register and prove they were not Jewish, newspapers couldn't publish anything "un-German", and journalists who broke this law could be sent to concentration camps

November 24 1933- “Law Against Dangerous Habitual Criminal" is passed. Tis allowed the government to hold prisoners indefinitely if Nazi officials decided that the prisoner was a "dangerous habitual criminal". Often, the prisoner would be transferred to a concentration camp

Hitler feared that the SA and Ernst Röhm (their leader) were a threat to his leader ship and organizing a coup

Ernst Röhm and the Nazi party were disagreeing with how to take complete control and replace everyone with Nazis. Hitler slowly took control and replaces the traditional conservatives with Nazis via as much democratic processes as possible to maintain the illusion of democracy.

June 30 1934- July 2 1934: the Night of Long Knives took place. This was a purge of any political opponents, including SA leaders. The SS and Gestapo carries this out, and over 150 people are killed, and hundreds of people were arrested

By August 1934, there are over 3,000,000 SA members.

August 2 1934, President Hindenburg dies at the age of 87, and shortly after his death, Hitler declares he's going to combine the role of a chancellor and president into one role, and he was going to fulfill that role as Führer

August 19 1934, the citizens voted on rather or not they agreed on this new role. ~96% of the population voted, and ~90% were in favour

There is no longer any limits to Hitler's power.

After Hitler no longer has limits

September 15 1935- "Reich Citizenship Law" is passed. This is a law that defined who the German government concidered a "German" or a "Jew". This law defined Jewish people as a race that is identified by blood and genealogy, not as a religion or culture.

Bc of that law, Jewish people were stripped of their Herman citizenship, and in 1938 Jewish men began to be arrested into concentration camps solely because they were Jewish (where before there were "reasons" that didn't just pertain to that)

September 15 1935- Marriage between Jewish people and non Jewish people are banned. The law also made sexual relations between these couples a crime.

Throughout the 1930s, people were leaving Germany due to the increasing persecutions of Jewish and other minority non-Aryan groups, but due to the economic problems bc of the Great Depression, countries had a limit of refugees they took in, so in July 1938, a conference is held in Evian, France to discuss this. At this conference, almost all of the 32 countries expressed their sympathy, but ultimately didn't do anything (save for a small handful that took in some more German Jewish refugees)

Due to basically nothing getting solved at the conference, it was clear to the Nazis that no one was going to act against them, nor help the victims to emigrate.

the "law on the alteration of family and personal names" forced Jewish people who didnt have "Jewish names" to take the middle names "Israel" and "Sara", and by January 1 1939, all Jewish people needed to get a new passport or identity cads with their new names. They were all marked with the letter "J"

November 1938- Jewish people are banned from owning a business or participating in trade/

December 8 1938, Himmler, the Head of German police, issued the "Decree for Combating the Gypsy Plague". This caused the creation of a nationwide database on all Roma living in the Third Reich. This data base was used later to detain Roma and force them into labour and concentration camps.

June 28 1935- Paragraph 175 is revised in the German Criminal Code to ban homosexual contact, and included "criminally indecent activities between men". This allowed authorities to arrest any man suspected with little to no evidence.

The Roma and gays were subject to medical experimentation

The initial Roma camps were portrayed to be an act to clean up inner cities and remove unauthorized dwellings in municipal areas. They had very limited sanitation, were guarded, and most people were free to enter/leave the camps for work or leisure. However, as the second world war stated, the camped quickly changed to be stricter. More supervision, curfews, daily headcounts, etc.,

1938-1939 Germany invades surrounding countries for "living space"

September 1939- Germany invades Poland, which led to France and Great Britain tp declare war

As Germany gained more territory, there wre millions of Jewish people who were forced under Nazi controll. German authorities rounded these people up, and forced many into ghettos

September 1 1939- Hitler signed a note that allowed designated physicians to carry out "mercy killings" meant to protect doctors participating in the "euthanasia program" that targeted and aimed to mass murder people with disabilities. This opporation was dubbed "T-4" and was Germany's first mass murder program, it is estimated there were 250,000 murders from this secret program.

October 1939- a decree was issued banning the movement of Roma. People in the camps were forced labour.

Jehovah Witnesses were also persacuted throughout the years, and by 1939, over 6,000 were in concentration camps. At the end of WWII over 1,400 were murdered in the camps and ~250n were executed for refusing to fight/

On 27 April 1940- Decree was announced aimed to deport all German Roma from the Reich within one year. 2500 people were deported to the General Government in Poland, but it was suspended in September

By the Summer o f1941, "the final solution" began. Germany and its collaborates began to systematically murder European Jewish people. Some were rounded up in villages and shot outright, or murdered in killing centers, In some areas, they were forced into labour, and died due to overworking or starvation

September 1941- ~5,000 Austrian Roma were deported to the Łódź Ghetto, where many of them died

September 1 1941- Germany forced Jewish people to wear a "Jewish badge" in order to quickly and easily identify them.

December 16 1942- a decree is issued to move all Sinti and Roma in the Reich territory to Auschwitz to a camp. More that 22,000 people were moved, and only a small handful of them survived

Non-Jewish people were often warned against assisting Jewish people, and Jewish people were also warned that those in hiding were subject to death penalty.

Millions of people were killed by the end of all this, and other countries, including the USA, did nothing. They didn't want to get involved, and some people just didn't believe that was happening because they can't imagine that really happening, especially to the magnitude.

Now, let's look at some of the parallels

Note, this is being written 01/23/2025 at 6:30 am, things may change for the better or worse

Currently, many people say that Trump wont actually do anything, that he is all talk, and that this will end soon. German people said the same thing about Hitler.

In the 1920- early 1930s, Hitler sought to delegitimize democratic institutions, blaming them for all the wrong (ie failing economy), just as Trump currently is, especially when institutions are not lining up with his political views. "the woke left", "communists", etc., are a couple examples

Trump famously calls the media that doesn't align with what he agrees with "fake news". Nazis did a very similar thing, and called them "Lügenpresse"

Both use minorities as an easy target to stir up mass hatred and fear within the countries. They vilianized these people by calling these people internal enemies, criminals, etc.,

Trump is currently promising to mass deport millions of people. If he follows through (which he's setting up executive orders to do so), there are not nearly enough dedicated spaces to house all these people.

Media is currently being censored

Police brutality has notably been on the first since Trump's first presidency. Currently it is too early to tell how it's changed since his return

Trump encouraged self-recruiters to "stand-by"

Both are extremists

Both won people over via charisma

People know that Trump is doing wrong, but rarely speaks out due to fear or "someone else will/should"

Trump wants to crush anything that is "un-American", especially in schools and colleges. (the Nazis did this too. For examples, books were burned that were deemed "un-German")

Florida is already telling people to not hide, and to give themselves up before they are detained by force

Protestors are being arrested

Trump signed an executive order ending birth right citizenship

Both are very technically doing these thing by manipulating the law/ democracy, atleast to start with

Elon did the salute, and many of his supporters are defending him

Realistically, are we going to commit such a genocide that Nazi Germany did? Most probably not, but that doesn't mean something really awful is brewing. That something awful isnt currently happen. History doesn't repeat itself, it rhymes.

It starts with demonizing minority groups of people, mass deporting/ detaining people, and not having the space for all these people.

If you ever said in your lifetime that you would of stood up in Nazi Germany, and did your best to make sure all of that didn't happen, then prove yourself. Right now, the current state of the USA is very similar to early 1930s Germany. The foundation is being laid down, just with different minority groups as the main focus. What are you going to do about it?

anyways, feel free to add to this post, my happy ass is going to bed

[archiveofcanvas]

Vincent van Gogh Self Portrait (dedicated to Paul Gauguin) Arles, September 1888 Medium oil on canvas Dimensions height: 61.5 cm (24.2 in); width: 50.3 cm (19.8 in)

Vincent van Gogh, Arles, (1888,) gift; to Paul Gauguin, (1888-1897) sold. [Ambroise Vollard, Paris.] [Paul Cassirer Gallery, Berlin.] Dr. Hugo von Tschudi, Berlin, (1906-1911), by descent; to his widow, Angela von Tschudi, Munich (1911-1919), to Neue Staatsgalerie, Munich (1919-1938); removed from the collection by the National Socialist (Nazi) authorities in 1938, consigned; to [Theodor Fischer Gallery, Lucerne, Switzerland, for sale June 30, 1939, lot 45]; to Maurice Wertheim (1939-1951) bequest; to Fogg Art Museum, 1951. Location Cambridge, United States of America

[kiwiana-writes]

Okay, okay, I'm a day late, but I saw your post about fun facts and instantly every fact I had ever learned fun or not fled my head.

But! We just watched Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare (fun! Guy Ritchie is really good at this kind of movie) - which apparently is actually based on real people. Which, through a mental map led me to The Berlin Airlift. And I, love the Berlin Airlift, and remain baffled about why nobody has ever made a movie about it.

Because, the Berlin Airlift was astonishing. If you did not spend two years of your high school career learning about Europe between 1918 and 1939, and then 1945 to about 1953 (yes, we skipped the actual war - the class was not interested in the details of WWI or WWII, only in their consequences), and even 30 years later it is still indelibly burned in your brain, let me explain.

The Berlin Airlift lasted for 15 months from June 1948 to September 1949 and airlifted in all food and fuel to West Berlin when the Soviets blockaded the city (the theory was that it would force the Western Allies to give up West Berlin and the Allies went, I see you and raise you). At the height of the Airlift a plane landed every 60 seconds round the clock (1,440 flights a day).

The Soviets eventually lifted the blockade, mostly because it was really embarrassing that it wasn't working.

The entire operation is objectively insane, and should not have worked, or have worked for as long as it did. Why has nobody made an inspirational movie about this? Why?

Fun facts are welcome literally any day lmfao.

So I actually did know about this -- our school system also focuses a lot on the 1919-1938 period, although we do also study the wars as well, but not so much on post-WWII. HOWEVER I am a honking great history nerd, so have Read A Lot. But I fully encourage anyone who hasn't heard about this before to read up on it!

Do YOU know about Nancy Wake? Born in Aotearoa and grew up in Australia, she was part of the French Resistance and then the SOE during WWII. She once travelled 500km by bicycle to get a message through to the people who needed it. She killed one Nazi sentry by judo-chopping him in the throat. At one point she was the Gestapo's most wanted woman. She's an icon and I need a Hamilton-style musical about her before I die.

[Tell me your fun facts and I'll tell you one in return!]

[davidhudson]

Herbert Bayer, April 5, 1900 – September 30, 1985.

At the MoMA exhibition Bauhaus: 1919–1928 in 1938 or 1939.

[lboogie1906]

The 92nd Infantry Division, a military unit of approximately fifteen thousand officers and men, was one of only two all-Black divisions to fight in the Army in WWI and WWII. The 92nd was organized on October 1, 1917, at Camp Funston and included African American soldiers. Before leaving for France in 1918, it received the name “Buffalo Soldier Division” as a tribute to the four Buffalo soldier regiments that fought in the regular Army in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

The soldiers were deployed to the front lines in August 1918. The 92nd saw action in one of the last Allied operations of the war—the Meuse-Argonne Offensive September-November 1918. The 92nd, unlike the 93rd, the other all-Black division in WWI, fought under American command. When WWI ended, the 92nd returned and was deactivated in February 1919.

After the US entered WWII, the 92nd was reactivated on October 15, 1942, and trained at Fort Huachuca with the 93rd Infantry, the other all-Black division. After that training was completed, the 92nd was deployed to Italy while its counterpart was sent to the South Pacific. On July 30, 1944, the first units of the 92nd arrived in Naples, and by September 22, the entire division was stationed in the Po Valley. Assigned to the Fifth Army, the 92nd included the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, both suffered some of the heaviest casualties of the war and became one of the most decorated military units.

The division first saw significant action against German troops and Italian troops in September, and by October, they were engaged in offensive campaigns in the Serchio River Valley and along the coast near the city of Massa. On April 29, 1945, elements of the 92nd liberated the Italian cities of La Spezia and Genoa. They participated in other battles in Northern Italy until May 2, 1945. First Lt. John R. Fox won the Medal of Honor for his action in the Serchio Valley on December 26, 1944, and First Lt. Vernon J. Baker won the medal for his action near Viareggio on April 5–6, 1945. Both medals were not awarded until 1997. The 92nd returned on November 26, 1945, and was deactivated on November 28. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence

[legends-of-time]

The Journey of Living at Downton - Masterlist

Pairing:

Tom Branson/Original Female Character

Warnings:

Major Character Death, Minor Character Death, Implied/Referenced Character Death, Period Typical Attitudes, Cannon-Typical Violence, Implied/Referenced Suicide

Summary:

Emma’s life used to be fairly normal one for someone living in England in the early 21st century, nothing peculiar but that all changed when in 2021, at 19, she woke up in the past, more specifically 1909.

Emma turned up in Yorkshire, England on a mild day (what else) in the grounds of an estate called Downton Abbey. After literally falling onto the floor right in front of said owners of the estate, the Earl and Countess of Grantham, Robert and Cora Crawley.

——

A young girl from the 21st century ends up in the world of Downton Abbey. Not a typical one where it is another Crawley sister or where she’s from a world where Downton Abbey is a TV show.

Chapters:

Chapter 1: April to Summer 1912

Chapter 2: September to October 1912

Chapter 3: April to May 1913

Chapter 4: End of May 1913

Chapter 5: July to August 1913

Chapter 6: May 1914

Chapter 7: July to August 1914

Chapter 8: Autmun 1916

Chapter 9: April 1917

Chapter 10: July to September 1917

Chapter 11: Early 1918

Chapter 12: August 1918

Chapter 13: October to November 1918

Chapter 14: February 1919

Chapter 15: April 1919

Chapter 16: April 1919 to January 1920

Chapter 17: March 1920

Chapter 18: April to Early May 1920

Chapter 19: Late May 1920

Chapter 20: Late July 1920

Chapter 21: Early August 1920

Chapter 22: Early August 1920 Continuation

Chapter 23: Mid August 1920

Chapter 24: Mid August to End of September 1920

Chapter 25: September 1921

Chapter 26: February 1922

Chapter 27: March 1922

Chapter 28: April 1922

Chapter 29: April 1922 Continuation

Chapter 30: May 1922

Chapter 31: June 1922

Chapter 32: July 1922

Chapter 33: Early August 1922

Chapter 34: May 1923

Chapter 35: February 1924

Chapter 36: February to Late April 1924

Chapter 37: Late April to Early May 1924

Chapter 38: Summer 1924

Chapter 39: September 1924

Chapter 40: Late September 1924

Chapter 41: Late September to Early October 1924

Chapter 42: Mid to Late October 1924

Chapter 43: November to December 1924

Chapter 44: January to Early May 1925

Chapter 45: Mid May 1925

Chapter 46: Mid to Late May 1925

Chapter 47: June 1925

Chapter 48: July 1925

Chapter 49: August 1925

Chapter 50: September to December 1925

Chapter 51: July 1927

Chapter 52: April 1928 to January 1929

Children of Downton - Spoilers!!!

Just a little additional post explaining when the children born during the show were born and parents. Not that important but if anyone wants to keep track, it’s here rather than sifting through chapters.

Wattpad access

fanfiction.net access

Ao3 access

[bluecrowcafe]

Whalebone, 1948 George Morrison Wah Wah Teh Go Nay Ga Bo (Standing In the Northern Lights) Ojibwe (September 30, 1919 – April 17, 2000)

[yatescountyhistorycenter]

A father to the fatherless: Ray Travis reprised

By Jonathan Monfiletto

(An article similar to this one appeared on this Oliver's Travels blog in October 2022. However, at that time, I had only browsed the Yates County History Center's subject file on Ray Travis - containing newspaper articles and other documents - in order to write that article. Because of a recent research inquiry, I felt the impetus to browse our Ray Travis archival collection - containing his personal papers and letters - and write another article about this amazing man and his life and work).

Ray Travis never married nor had children, but it is said more than a million descendants can credit their existence to him. Not his direct descendants, of course, but instead the descendants of the more than a thousand Armenian children he – termed as “The humanitarian of Himrod” in a June 2016 article in The Chronicle-Express – helped protect and defend in Turkey in the aftermath of World War I.

The humanitarian of Himrod, however, was not a native of Yates County. Ray Paris Travis was born August 9, 1889 in Ionia, Michigan to Silas and Cynthia Lyford Travis, who had moved to Michigan from Yates County. When Travis was 3 years old, the family moved back to Himrod, where Travis and his two brothers, Jay and Claude, and his sister, Fanny, grew up on their father’s farm on Chubb Hollow Road. After graduating from Penn Yan Academy, Keuka Institute, and the Penn Yan Teachers Training Class, Travis began teaching in a rural schoolhouse in Himrod in September 1907 and taught school until June 1917.

At that point, although he was nearly 28 years old and well above the required age of conscription, Travis felt the call to serve his country and enlisted in the U.S. Army during World War I. He served in the quartermaster corps with Company D, 502nd Engineers at Engineers Camp, Base Hospital No. 8 in France. Serving from September 1917 until July 1919, Travis reached the rank of sergeant.

Following the war, Travis sought his discharge so he could support relief efforts in Europe and the Middle East through the YMCA and the U.S. Food Administration Grain Corporation. By November 1919, he became the director of an orphanage run by Near East Relief in Aintab, Turkey (now known as Gaziantep, the capital of Gaziantep Province and the most populous city in Turkey’s Southeastern Anatolia Region), using his experience as a teacher.

During World War I, the Ottoman Empire – which, until the end of the war, controlled Turkey as well as parts of Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East – had deported its minority Armenian population and committed a genocide against this group of people. After the war, as Travis took the helm of the orphanage, Armenians began returning to their native land, including orphaned children who had survived the genocide. Travis’ task as headmaster was to take care of these children and provide for their needs.

That task proved difficult. In early 1920, Turkish nationalist forces attacked Cilicia – then an autonomous Armenian republic occupied by the French military – and laid siege to several cities. In the YCHC collection are typewritten extracts from the diary of a YMCA Secretary Crathern detailing the siege of Marash from January 20 to February 14, 1920 and a diary – both typewritten and handwritten – from Travis covering the siege of Aintab from April 1 to May 30, 1920. Indeed, heavy fighting between Turkish nationalists and local Armenians, who organized their own self-defense forces when French troops left the city, broke out on April 1 and lasted until June with a brief ceasefire in between.

“This will give you an idea of what happened in Marash last winter when from 8,000 to 10,000 Armenians were massacred. And all this when French soldiers were supposed to be there for their protection! My diary of the Aintab trouble I will send soon,” Travis wrote to an unknown addressee on September 7, 1920 at the end of one copy of Crathern’s diary.

During the fighting, Travis used his military knowledge to barricade and fortify the orphanage and used his position to secure rifles, ammunition, and grenades from a French army base to defend the orphanage. He welcomed all Armenians who sought refuge inside the orphanage’s compound, and he moved children from another orphanage, located in the city’s Turkish neighborhood, to an American hospital in the Armenian neighborhood.

When the French military left Aintab on June 2, Travis and approximately 800 orphans of Near East Relief followed them on a journey that eventually led them to Beirut, Syria (whose territory then included Lebanon). Traveling by foot, truck, and train and staying in tents, a cave, and a ruined building, Travis, the teachers, and the children established a new Near East Relief orphanage in Jubeil, north of Beirut.

One of the children who came under Travis’ care in Aintab and trekked with him to Beirut was Karnig Panian, who captured his story as an Armenian orphan in his memoir, “Goodbye, Antoura.” Parnian recalled Travis as both a fierce protector and kind provider of the children.

“He had a bright smile, blond hair, and penetrating eyes, and when he walked, it was as if the earth shook beneath his feet. But this giant of a man had a soft, gentle soul. He would chat with us, crack jokes, and take part in our games. He loved us with all his heart, and he soon gained our confidence and friendship, becoming a surrogate father to all,” Parnian wrote. “During the day, he was almost always with us. At night, he looked into our bedrooms, covering the boys who had kicked off their blankets in their sleep. He often appeared in our classrooms, and he made sure we were clean and well groomed. He even tasted all of the food before it was served to us, ensuring that it was up to his standards.”

Once secure in Jubeil, Travis worked with the American University of Beirut to help the children under his care obtain a college education. He left his work with Near East Relief in the spring of 1925 – apparently amid the closure of the orphanage in Jubeil – and returned to America. He apparently tried to secure a teaching position, according to his papers, but instead found a position as an inspector with the Immigration and Naturalization Service, then under the U.S. Department of Labor and later the Department of Justice.

Stationed in Texas and Arizona in the start of his career, Travis sought a transfer to Niagara Falls to be closer to his family in Himrod – particularly his elderly parents – and later worked in Buffalo and Syracuse as well. He seemed to bring his stern but kind, serious yet caring, approach from his relief work to his immigration career. His papers include notes of appreciation for his efforts to help immigrants obtain their American citizenship and begin a new life.

On a special assignment, Travis was sent to the Grove Park Inn in Asheville, North Carolina, when German, Italian, and Japanese diplomats in America were detained during World War II. He subsequently received a thank you letter from the group of diplomats who stayed there. “During this period, your tireless efforts to alleviate our anxieties has touched us all profoundly. In spite of your official capacity, which held you within certain limits, we all felt that we had your wholehearted support, and your extreme kindness permitted us to approach you as a friend,” reads the letter, dated June 10, 1942.

During his immigration career, Travis visited his family in Himrod on the weekends, helping out with groceries during the Great Depression and once bringing new bicycles for the children for Christmas. After his retirement in 1954, Ray moved back to Himrod to care for his sister, who was widowed and blind. Ray died on September 21, 1965 at age 76 and is buried with his parents, siblings, and their families in Lakeview Cemetery in Penn Yan.

A Hometown Hero banner, installed by Johnston-Costello American Legion Post 355, honoring Travis and his World War I service recently went up on East Main Street in Penn Yan. While recognizing Travis’ military service, perhaps it also pays tribute to his service to the Armenian children, new immigrants to America, and many other people he encountered.

In the article in The Chronicle-Express, John Christensen conveyed Travis’ legacy this way: “Never having married and never having children, Ray Travis might have easily slipped away unremembered as those who know him pass on. But that is not true. … Ray Travis did have children, thousands of them, and all of them boys. And those children’s children owe their very lives to his life and the devotion he showed all those orphaned boys nearly a century ago.”