#Precision agriculture solutions

[techninja]

Agricultural Activator Adjuvants: Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability

Outline of the Article

Introduction to Agricultural Activator Adjuvants

What are agricultural activator adjuvants?

Importance in modern agriculture.

Types of Agricultural Activator Adjuvants

Surfactants

Oils

Drift Control Agents

Compatibility Agents

Role and Benefits of Agricultural Activator Adjuvants

Enhancing pesticide efficacy

Improving plant uptake

Reducing pesticide drift

Ensuring compatibility with tank mixtures

Market Trends and Growth Drivers

Increasing adoption of precision farming techniques

Growing demand for sustainable agricultural practices

Rise in research and development activities

Key Players in the Agricultural Activator Adjuvants Market

Analysis of major companies and their market share

Overview of their product offerings and strategies

Regional Analysis

Market landscape in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and other regions

Factors influencing market growth in each region

Challenges and Restraints

Regulatory hurdles and compliance issues

Concerns regarding environmental impact

Future Outlook and Opportunities

Emerging trends and innovations

Potential for market expansion

Case Studies and Success Stories

Real-world applications of agricultural activator adjuvants

Impact on crop yield and farm profitability

Environmental Sustainability and Safety Considerations

Eco-friendly formulations

Risk mitigation strategies

Consumer Awareness and Education

Importance of educating farmers about adjuvant selection and usage

Promoting responsible stewardship practices

Industry Collaboration and Partnerships

Collaborative efforts between manufacturers, farmers, and regulatory bodies

Sharing best practices and knowledge exchange

Market Forecast and Analysis

Predictions for market growth and revenue projections

Factors influencing market dynamics in the forecast period

Investment Opportunities and Market Entry Strategies

Potential for new entrants

Investment avenues for existing players

Conclusion

Recap of key points

Summary of market outlook and recommendations for stakeholders

Agriculture, the backbone of our civilization, continually evolves with technology and innovation. One such innovation revolutionizing modern farming practices is the use of agricultural activator adjuvants. These versatile compounds play a crucial role in optimizing the performance of pesticides and other agrochemicals, thereby enhancing crop yield and sustainability.

What are Agricultural Activator Adjuvants?

Agricultural activator adjuvants are additives formulated to improve the efficacy and performance of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers. They are designed to enhance the biological activity of these agrochemicals by modifying their physical and chemical properties. By facilitating better absorption, spreading, and retention on plant surfaces, adjuvants ensure maximum utilization of active ingredients, leading to improved pest control and crop protection.

Importance in Modern Agriculture

In today's agricultural landscape, where farmers face escalating challenges such as pest resistance, environmental concerns, and stringent regulations, the role of adjuvants becomes increasingly critical. By harnessing the power of adjuvants, farmers can achieve better results with lower pesticide doses, minimize environmental impact, and maximize profitability.

Types of Agricultural Activator Adjuvants

Surfactants

Surfactants are one of the most commonly used adjuvants in agriculture. They reduce the surface tension of spray solutions, allowing for more uniform coverage and penetration of plant surfaces. By breaking down waxy cuticles and enhancing wetting and spreading, surfactants ensure optimal absorption of active ingredients into plant tissues.

Oils

Oil-based adjuvants, such as crop oils and mineral oils, act as carriers for pesticides and improve their adherence to plant surfaces. They help overcome the hydrophobic nature of certain pesticides and enhance their efficacy under adverse environmental conditions. Additionally, oils can reduce evaporation and volatility of volatile herbicides, minimizing off-target drift.

Drift Control Agents

Drift control agents are formulated to reduce the risk of pesticide drift during application. They increase droplet size and density, improving deposition on target surfaces while minimizing airborne drift. By enhancing spray retention and minimizing off-target movement, drift control agents enhance the safety and efficacy of pesticide applications.

Compatibility Agents

Compatibility agents are used to prevent chemical interactions and precipitation when mixing multiple agrochemicals in a tank mixture. They ensure the stability of the spray solution, preventing clogging of nozzles and maintaining the efficacy of individual components. By promoting uniform dispersion and compatibility, these agents optimize the performance of pesticide mixtures.

Role and Benefits of Agricultural Activator Adjuvants

Agricultural activator adjuvants offer a multitude of benefits, making them indispensable tools for modern farmers:

Enhancing Pesticide Efficacy

By improving the solubility, spreading, and absorption of active ingredients, adjuvants enhance the biological activity and efficacy of pesticides. They help overcome barriers such as cuticular waxes and plant surfaces, ensuring optimal uptake and systemic movement within the plant.

Improving Plant Uptake

Adjuvants enhance the penetration and translocation of pesticides within plant tissues, ensuring effective control of pests and diseases. By facilitating rapid absorption and systemic movement, they maximize the bioavailability of active ingredients, leading to superior pest management and crop protection.

Reducing Pesticide Drift

Drift control agents mitigate the risk of pesticide drift during application, minimizing off-target deposition and environmental contamination. By optimizing droplet size and distribution, these adjuvants ensure precise delivery of pesticides to target areas while reducing the potential for environmental impact.

Ensuring Compatibility with Tank Mixtures

Compatibility agents prevent chemical interactions and compatibility issues when mixing multiple pesticides in a tank mixture. They maintain the stability and integrity of the spray solution, preventing precipitation and clogging of spray equipment. By promoting uniform dispersion and compatibility, these adjuvants maximize the efficacy of tank mixtures and minimize the risk of equipment malfunction.

Market Trends and Growth Drivers

The agricultural activator adjuvants market is witnessing steady growth, driven by several key factors:

Increasing Adoption of Precision Farming Techniques

The rise of precision farming technologies, such as GPS-guided equipment and variable rate application systems, is driving the demand for adjuvants. These technologies enable farmers to optimize pesticide applications and maximize crop yield while minimizing input costs and environmental impact.

Growing Demand for Sustainable Agricultural Practices

With increasing consumer awareness and regulatory pressure, there is a growing demand for sustainable agricultural practices. Adjuvants play a crucial role in supporting sustainable farming by improving the efficiency and efficacy of pesticide applications, reducing chemical usage, and minimizing environmental footprint.

Rise in Research and Development Activities

The agricultural adjuvants industry is characterized by ongoing research and development efforts aimed at introducing innovative formulations and technologies. Manufacturers are investing in developing eco-friendly and biodegradable adjuvants with improved performance and safety profiles, driving market growth and differentiation.

Key Players in the Agricultural Activator Adjuvants Market

The agricultural activator adjuvants market is highly competitive, with several key players vying for market share. Some of the leading companies in the industry include:

Company A: A global leader in agricultural adjuvants, offering a comprehensive portfolio of surfactants, oils, and drift control agents.

Company B: A pioneer in eco-friendly adjuvant formulations, focusing on sustainability and innovation in agricultural solutions.

Company C: A renowned supplier of specialty chemicals and adjuvants, catering to the diverse needs of farmers worldwide.

Company D: A leading provider of compatibility agents and tank mix adjuvants, ensuring optimal performance and efficacy in pesticide applications.

These companies leverage their technological expertise, extensive R&D capabilities, and strategic partnerships to maintain their competitive edge and drive market growth.

Regional Analysis

The agricultural activator adjuvants market exhibits regional variations in terms of market dynamics, regulatory frameworks, and adoption rates.

North America

North America dominates the global adjuvants market, fueled by the presence of large-scale commercial farms and advanced agricultural practices. The region benefits from a favorable regulatory environment and widespread adoption of precision farming technologies, driving market growth and innovation.

Europe

Europe is a key market for agricultural adjuvants, driven by stringent regulations and growing demand for sustainable farming practices. The region prioritizes environmental stewardship and consumer safety, leading to increased adoption of eco-friendly adjuvants and bio-based formulations.

Asia Pacific

Asia Pacific represents a lucrative market for agricultural adjuvants, driven by the expanding agricultural sector and rising demand for high-quality crops. The region is witnessing rapid urbanization and industrialization, leading to increased pressure on agricultural productivity and sustainability.

Other Regions

Other regions, such as Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East, offer significant growth opportunities for agricultural adjuvants. These regions are characterized by diverse agricultural landscapes, varying climatic conditions, and evolving regulatory frameworks, presenting unique challenges and opportunities for market players.

Challenges and Restraints

Despite the promising growth prospects, the agricultural activator adjuvants market faces several challenges and restraints:

Regulatory Hurdles and Compliance Issues

The adjuvants industry is subject to stringent regulatory requirements and compliance standards, which vary across different regions and jurisdictions. Manufacturers must navigate complex registration processes, safety assessments, and labeling requirements to ensure regulatory compliance and market access.

Concerns Regarding Environmental Impact

There is growing scrutiny and public concern regarding the environmental impact of agricultural adjuvants. Chemical residues, pesticide drift, and water contamination pose significant risks to environmental health and biodiversity. Manufacturers must prioritize sustainability and develop eco-friendly formulations to address these concerns and meet consumer expectations.

Future Outlook and Opportunities

Despite the challenges, the agricultural activator adjuvants market holds immense potential for growth and innovation:

Emerging Trends and Innovations

The industry is witnessing the emergence of innovative technologies and formulations, such as bio-based adjuvants, nanoemulsions, and smart delivery systems. These advancements aim to improve efficacy, reduce environmental impact, and enhance user safety, driving market growth and differentiation.

Potential for Market Expansion

With increasing global population and food demand, there is a growing need for efficient and sustainable agricultural solutions. Adjuvants play a vital role in supporting modern farming practices, optimizing crop production, and mitigating environmental risks. As farmers seek to maximize yield and profitability, the demand for adjuvants is expected to rise, creating lucrative opportunities for market players.

Conclusion

In conclusion, agricultural activator adjuvants are indispensable tools for modern farming, offering numerous benefits in terms of pesticide efficacy, plant uptake, and environmental sustainability. As the agricultural industry continues to evolve, adjuvants will play a crucial role in optimizing crop protection, enhancing productivity, and ensuring food security for future generations.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

What are agricultural activator adjuvants? Agricultural activator adjuvants are additives formulated to enhance the performance and efficacy of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers by modifying their physical and chemical properties.

How do adjuvants improve pesticide efficacy? Adjuvants improve pesticide efficacy by enhancing wetting, spreading, and absorption on plant surfaces, ensuring better penetration and systemic movement within the plant.

What types of adjuvants are commonly used in agriculture? Common types of adjuvants include surfactants, oils, drift control agents, and compatibility agents, each designed to address specific challenges in pesticide applications.

Why are adjuvants important in modern agriculture? Adjuvants are essential in modern agriculture to optimize pesticide performance, minimize environmental impact, and maximize crop yield and profitability.

Are there any environmental concerns associated with adjuvant usage? While adjuvants play a crucial role in crop protection, there are concerns regarding their environmental impact, including chemical residues, pesticide drift, and water contamination. Manufacturers are increasingly focusing on developing eco-friendly formulations to address these concerns and promote sustainable farming practices.

[techtoio]

The Science of Climate Change and Technology Solutions

Introduction

Climate change, of all the challenges, is among the most critical in the modern day. With such unpredictability from variable weather patterns and global average temperature increases, the need for implementable solutions has perhaps never been so extreme. By exploring the intriguing intersection of climate-change science and innovative technology solutions, TechtoIO goes to the bottom of this global issue. Read to continue

[harshathusm]

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture

Artificial intelligence in agriculture applications changed the way farmers conduct business. This technology revolutionizes farming practices and increases productivity. Predictive analytics, drone monitoring, and automated machines can optimize resource use and raise crop yields. Analyzing various data sources, AI can provide insights into weather patterns and soil conditions, which will help inform more effective decisions. As agriculture evolves, so must the incorporation of AI solutions in seeking sustainable growth.

USM Business Systems

Services:

Mobile app development

Artificial Intelligence

Machine Learning

Android app development

RPA

Big data

HR Management

Workforce Management

IoT

IOS App Development

Cloud Migration

[farmerstrend]

Kenya’s Leads Africa as a Hub for AgriTech and Food Startups in Africa

Kenya is emerging as a leader in sourcing capital for its agricultural technology and food startups across the African continent. A large portion of capital for African startups still comes from foreign countries, with approximately 60 per cent, coming from international sources, primarily the United States and the United Kingdom. On the continent, however, most investors are concentrated in…

[entrepreneurbar]

A profound transformation is silently unfolding within the expansive realm of agricultural practice, where terrestrial and celestial realms converge to orchestrate life cycles. This metamorphosis is propelled by the convergence of technological advancements and traditional methodologies, with the Internet of Things (IoT) emerging as a potent catalyst reshaping longstanding agricultural paradigms. This paper elucidates the burgeoning landscape of IoT integration within agriculture, delineating its multifaceted implications for enhancing operational efficiency, ecological sustainability, and productivity within this critical sector.

Discover the expertise of CA Mukesh Shukla, the best business coach in India, dedicated to empowering entrepreneurs and fostering self-reliance among the youth. With a passion for developing entrepreneurship skills and contributing to the Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan, CA Mukesh Shukla offers unparalleled guidance and support for business growth. Learn more about his journey and transformative impact on the Indian economy at CA Mukesh Shukla's official website

[ggacworldwide]

Harnessing Technology for Sustainable Agriculture: The Role of AgriTech Startups

In today’s post, we’ll delve into the transformative role of AgriTech startups in revolutionizing farming practices and promoting sustainable agriculture. With the advent of innovative technologies, digital solutions, and data-driven insights, AgriTech startups are reshaping the agricultural landscape and driving efficiency, productivity, and sustainability in farming. Let’s explore the key ways…

[market-insider]

Greening Agriculture with Nano Fertilizers: Market Insights and Prospects

The global nano fertilizer market size is expected to reach USD 9,377.3 million by 2030. The industry growth is primarily driven by increasing demand for better crop yields due to a significant rise in the global population and limited availability of key resources like land.

Gain deeper insights on the market and receive your free copy with TOC now @: Nano Fertilizer Market Report

Growing focus on increasing the quantity of yield has led to the indiscriminate use of fertilizers in agriculture. This can result in both environmental and agricultural catastrophes by degrading the quality of the soil. According to a report by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), natural resources such as water and arable land are on the verge of exhaustion. Furthermore, degradation at a high rate continues due to intensive urbanization and excessive use of chemical fertilizers. Thus, the declining nutritional quality of food and degraded quality of soil continues to drive a gradual shift toward nanotechnology in agriculture. Nano fertilizers remains an ideal prospect to maintain the quality of soil while meeting production target.

The use of nano fertilizers can help in reducing chemical fertilizer consumption by 80 to 100 times, thus reducing the reliance on chemical fertilizers. For instance, the demand for nano urea is increasing worldwide as it has the ability to replace regular urea usage at a relatively lower cost while offering high yields to crops. By 2023 nano urea is expected to replace the usage of 13.7 million tons of conventional urea. Thus, the huge demand for nano fertilizer from the agriculture industry along with supportive government policies continues to promote newer and more efficient agriculture techniques.

The importance of policy framework remains paramount to promote sustainable growth, and such framework is already in place for nano fertilizers in key regions. For instance, U.S department of agriculture in 2020 announced to make USD 250 million investment through its new grant program. This initiative was taken to support new innovative and more efficient fertilizer production in the region. Additionally, USDA seeks growth in competition as it aims to allay concerns regarding supply chain. With its new initiatives, the USDA continues to introduce more transparency for consumers to make them aware of the safety of agriculture produce. These initiatives aimed at gauging the use of fertilizers, seeds, retail markets, continue to generate momentum for the eco-friendly and high-yield promising nano fertilizers.

[techninja]

Agricultural Activator Adjuvants: Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability

Outline of the Article

Introduction to Agricultural Activator Adjuvants

What are agricultural activator adjuvants?

Importance in modern agriculture.

Types of Agricultural Activator Adjuvants

Surfactants

Oils

Drift Control Agents

Compatibility Agents

Role and Benefits of Agricultural Activator Adjuvants

Enhancing pesticide efficacy

Improving plant uptake

Reducing pesticide drift

Ensuring compatibility with tank mixtures

Market Trends and Growth Drivers

Increasing adoption of precision farming techniques

Growing demand for sustainable agricultural practices

Rise in research and development activities

Key Players in the Agricultural Activator Adjuvants Market

Analysis of major companies and their market share

Overview of their product offerings and strategies

Regional Analysis

Market landscape in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and other regions

Factors influencing market growth in each region

Challenges and Restraints

Regulatory hurdles and compliance issues

Concerns regarding environmental impact

Future Outlook and Opportunities

Emerging trends and innovations

Potential for market expansion

Case Studies and Success Stories

Real-world applications of agricultural activator adjuvants

Impact on crop yield and farm profitability

Environmental Sustainability and Safety Considerations

Eco-friendly formulations

Risk mitigation strategies

Consumer Awareness and Education

Importance of educating farmers about adjuvant selection and usage

Promoting responsible stewardship practices

Industry Collaboration and Partnerships

Collaborative efforts between manufacturers, farmers, and regulatory bodies

Sharing best practices and knowledge exchange

Market Forecast and Analysis

Predictions for market growth and revenue projections

Factors influencing market dynamics in the forecast period

Investment Opportunities and Market Entry Strategies

Potential for new entrants

Investment avenues for existing players

Conclusion

Recap of key points

Summary of market outlook and recommendations for stakeholders

Agriculture, the backbone of our civilization, continually evolves with technology and innovation. One such innovation revolutionizing modern farming practices is the use of agricultural activator adjuvants. These versatile compounds play a crucial role in optimizing the performance of pesticides and other agrochemicals, thereby enhancing crop yield and sustainability.

What are Agricultural Activator Adjuvants?

Agricultural activator adjuvants are additives formulated to improve the efficacy and performance of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers. They are designed to enhance the biological activity of these agrochemicals by modifying their physical and chemical properties. By facilitating better absorption, spreading, and retention on plant surfaces, adjuvants ensure maximum utilization of active ingredients, leading to improved pest control and crop protection.

Importance in Modern Agriculture

In today's agricultural landscape, where farmers face escalating challenges such as pest resistance, environmental concerns, and stringent regulations, the role of adjuvants becomes increasingly critical. By harnessing the power of adjuvants, farmers can achieve better results with lower pesticide doses, minimize environmental impact, and maximize profitability.

Types of Agricultural Activator Adjuvants

Surfactants

Surfactants are one of the most commonly used adjuvants in agriculture. They reduce the surface tension of spray solutions, allowing for more uniform coverage and penetration of plant surfaces. By breaking down waxy cuticles and enhancing wetting and spreading, surfactants ensure optimal absorption of active ingredients into plant tissues.

Oils

Oil-based adjuvants, such as crop oils and mineral oils, act as carriers for pesticides and improve their adherence to plant surfaces. They help overcome the hydrophobic nature of certain pesticides and enhance their efficacy under adverse environmental conditions. Additionally, oils can reduce evaporation and volatility of volatile herbicides, minimizing off-target drift.

Drift Control Agents

Drift control agents are formulated to reduce the risk of pesticide drift during application. They increase droplet size and density, improving deposition on target surfaces while minimizing airborne drift. By enhancing spray retention and minimizing off-target movement, drift control agents enhance the safety and efficacy of pesticide applications.

Compatibility Agents

Compatibility agents are used to prevent chemical interactions and precipitation when mixing multiple agrochemicals in a tank mixture. They ensure the stability of the spray solution, preventing clogging of nozzles and maintaining the efficacy of individual components. By promoting uniform dispersion and compatibility, these agents optimize the performance of pesticide mixtures.

Role and Benefits of Agricultural Activator Adjuvants

Agricultural activator adjuvants offer a multitude of benefits, making them indispensable tools for modern farmers:

Enhancing Pesticide Efficacy

By improving the solubility, spreading, and absorption of active ingredients, adjuvants enhance the biological activity and efficacy of pesticides. They help overcome barriers such as cuticular waxes and plant surfaces, ensuring optimal uptake and systemic movement within the plant.

Improving Plant Uptake

Adjuvants enhance the penetration and translocation of pesticides within plant tissues, ensuring effective control of pests and diseases. By facilitating rapid absorption and systemic movement, they maximize the bioavailability of active ingredients, leading to superior pest management and crop protection.

Reducing Pesticide Drift

Drift control agents mitigate the risk of pesticide drift during application, minimizing off-target deposition and environmental contamination. By optimizing droplet size and distribution, these adjuvants ensure precise delivery of pesticides to target areas while reducing the potential for environmental impact.

Ensuring Compatibility with Tank Mixtures

Compatibility agents prevent chemical interactions and compatibility issues when mixing multiple pesticides in a tank mixture. They maintain the stability and integrity of the spray solution, preventing precipitation and clogging of spray equipment. By promoting uniform dispersion and compatibility, these adjuvants maximize the efficacy of tank mixtures and minimize the risk of equipment malfunction.

Market Trends and Growth Drivers

The agricultural activator adjuvants market is witnessing steady growth, driven by several key factors:

Increasing Adoption of Precision Farming Techniques

The rise of precision farming technologies, such as GPS-guided equipment and variable rate application systems, is driving the demand for adjuvants. These technologies enable farmers to optimize pesticide applications and maximize crop yield while minimizing input costs and environmental impact.

Growing Demand for Sustainable Agricultural Practices

With increasing consumer awareness and regulatory pressure, there is a growing demand for sustainable agricultural practices. Adjuvants play a crucial role in supporting sustainable farming by improving the efficiency and efficacy of pesticide applications, reducing chemical usage, and minimizing environmental footprint.

Rise in Research and Development Activities

The agricultural adjuvants industry is characterized by ongoing research and development efforts aimed at introducing innovative formulations and technologies. Manufacturers are investing in developing eco-friendly and biodegradable adjuvants with improved performance and safety profiles, driving market growth and differentiation.

Key Players in the Agricultural Activator Adjuvants Market

The agricultural activator adjuvants market is highly competitive, with several key players vying for market share. Some of the leading companies in the industry include:

Company A: A global leader in agricultural adjuvants, offering a comprehensive portfolio of surfactants, oils, and drift control agents.

Company B: A pioneer in eco-friendly adjuvant formulations, focusing on sustainability and innovation in agricultural solutions.

Company C: A renowned supplier of specialty chemicals and adjuvants, catering to the diverse needs of farmers worldwide.

Company D: A leading provider of compatibility agents and tank mix adjuvants, ensuring optimal performance and efficacy in pesticide applications.

These companies leverage their technological expertise, extensive R&D capabilities, and strategic partnerships to maintain their competitive edge and drive market growth.

Regional Analysis

The agricultural activator adjuvants market exhibits regional variations in terms of market dynamics, regulatory frameworks, and adoption rates.

North America

North America dominates the global adjuvants market, fueled by the presence of large-scale commercial farms and advanced agricultural practices. The region benefits from a favorable regulatory environment and widespread adoption of precision farming technologies, driving market growth and innovation.

Europe

Europe is a key market for agricultural adjuvants, driven by stringent regulations and growing demand for sustainable farming practices. The region prioritizes environmental stewardship and consumer safety, leading to increased adoption of eco-friendly adjuvants and bio-based formulations.

Asia Pacific

Asia Pacific represents a lucrative market for agricultural adjuvants, driven by the expanding agricultural sector and rising demand for high-quality crops. The region is witnessing rapid urbanization and industrialization, leading to increased pressure on agricultural productivity and sustainability.

Other Regions

Other regions, such as Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East, offer significant growth opportunities for agricultural adjuvants. These regions are characterized by diverse agricultural landscapes, varying climatic conditions, and evolving regulatory frameworks, presenting unique challenges and opportunities for market players.

Challenges and Restraints

Despite the promising growth prospects, the agricultural activator adjuvants market faces several challenges and restraints:

Regulatory Hurdles and Compliance Issues

The adjuvants industry is subject to stringent regulatory requirements and compliance standards, which vary across different regions and jurisdictions. Manufacturers must navigate complex registration processes, safety assessments, and labeling requirements to ensure regulatory compliance and market access.

Concerns Regarding Environmental Impact

There is growing scrutiny and public concern regarding the environmental impact of agricultural adjuvants. Chemical residues, pesticide drift, and water contamination pose significant risks to environmental health and biodiversity. Manufacturers must prioritize sustainability and develop eco-friendly formulations to address these concerns and meet consumer expectations.

Future Outlook and Opportunities

Despite the challenges, the agricultural activator adjuvants market holds immense potential for growth and innovation:

Emerging Trends and Innovations

The industry is witnessing the emergence of innovative technologies and formulations, such as bio-based adjuvants, nanoemulsions, and smart delivery systems. These advancements aim to improve efficacy, reduce environmental impact, and enhance user safety, driving market growth and differentiation.

Potential for Market Expansion

With increasing global population and food demand, there is a growing need for efficient and sustainable agricultural solutions. Adjuvants play a vital role in supporting modern farming practices, optimizing crop production, and mitigating environmental risks. As farmers seek to maximize yield and profitability, the demand for adjuvants is expected to rise, creating lucrative opportunities for market players.

Conclusion

In conclusion, agricultural activator adjuvants are indispensable tools for modern farming, offering numerous benefits in terms of pesticide efficacy, plant uptake, and environmental sustainability. As the agricultural industry continues to evolve, adjuvants will play a crucial role in optimizing crop protection, enhancing productivity, and ensuring food security for future generations.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

What are agricultural activator adjuvants? Agricultural activator adjuvants are additives formulated to enhance the performance and efficacy of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers by modifying their physical and chemical properties.

How do adjuvants improve pesticide efficacy? Adjuvants improve pesticide efficacy by enhancing wetting, spreading, and absorption on plant surfaces, ensuring better penetration and systemic movement within the plant.

What types of adjuvants are commonly used in agriculture? Common types of adjuvants include surfactants, oils, drift control agents, and compatibility agents, each designed to address specific challenges in pesticide applications.

Why are adjuvants important in modern agriculture? Adjuvants are essential in modern agriculture to optimize pesticide performance, minimize environmental impact, and maximize crop yield and profitability.

Are there any environmental concerns associated with adjuvant usage? While adjuvants play a crucial role in crop protection, there are concerns regarding their environmental impact, including chemical residues, pesticide drift, and water contamination. Manufacturers are increasingly focusing on developing eco-friendly formulations to address these concerns and promote sustainable farming practices.

[dandelionsresilience]

Good News - July 15-21

Like these weekly compilations? Tip me at $kaybarr1735! (Or check out my new(ly repurposed) Patreon!)

1. Thai tiger numbers swell as prey populations stabilize in western forests

“The tiger population density in a series of protected areas in western Thailand has more than doubled over the past two decades, according to new survey data. […] The most recent year of surveys, which concluded in November 2023, photographed 94 individual tigers, up from 75 individuals in the previous year, and from fewer than 40 in 2007. […] A total of 291 individual tigers older than 1 year were recorded, as well as 67 cubs younger than 1 year.”

2. Work starts to rewild former cattle farm

“Ecologists have started work to turn a former livestock farm into a nature reserve [… which] will become a "mosaic of habitats" for insects, birds and mammals. [… R]ewilding farmland could benefit food security locally by encouraging pollinators, improving soil health and soaking up flood water. [… “N]ature restoration doesn't preclude food production. We want to address [food security] by using nature-based solutions."”

3. Harnessing ‘invisible forests in plain view’ to reforest the world

“[… T]he degraded land contained numerous such stumps with intact root systems capable of regenerating themselves, plus millions of tree seeds hidden in the soil, which farmers could simply encourage to grow and reforest the landscape[….] Today, the technique of letting trees resprout and protecting their growth from livestock and wildlife [… has] massive potential to help tackle biodiversity loss and food insecurity through resilient agroforestry systems. [… The UN’s] reported solution includes investing in land restoration, “nature-positive” food production, and rewilding, which could return between $7 and $30 for every dollar spent.”

4. California bars school districts from outing LGBTQ+ kids to their parents

“Gov. Gavin Newsom signed the SAFETY Act today – a bill that prohibits the forced outing of transgender and gay students, making California the first state to explicitly prohibit school districts from doing so. […] Matt Adams, a head of department at a West London state school, told PinkNews at the time: “Teachers and schools do not have all the information about every child’s home environment and instead of supporting a pupil to be themselves in school, we could be putting them at risk of harm.””

5. 85% of new electricity built in 2023 came from renewables

“Electricity supplied by renewables, like hydropower, solar, and wind, has increased gradually over the past few decades — but rapidly in recent years. [… C]lean energy now makes up around 43 percent of global electricity capacity. In terms of generation — the actual power produced by energy sources — renewables were responsible for 30 percent of electricity production last year. […] Along with the rise of renewable sources has come a slowdown in construction of non-renewable power plants as well as a move to decommission more fossil fuel facilities.”

6. Deadly cobra bites to "drastically reduce" as scientists discover new antivenom

“After successful human trials, the snake venom antidote could be rolled out relatively quickly to become a "cheap, safe and effective drug for treating cobra bites" and saving lives around the globe, say scientists. Scientists have found that a commonly used blood thinner known as heparin can be repurposed as an inexpensive antidote for cobra venom. […] Using CRISPR gene-editing technology […] they successfully repurposed heparin, proving that the common blood thinner can stop the necrosis caused by cobra bites.”

7. FruitFlow: a new citizen science initiative unlocks orchard secrets

“"FruitWatch" has significantly refined phenological models by integrating extensive citizen-sourced data, which spans a wider geographical area than traditional methods. These enhanced models offer growers precise, location-specific predictions, essential for optimizing agricultural planning and interventions. […] By improving the accuracy of phenological models, farmers can better align their operations with natural biological cycles, enhancing both yield and quality.”

8. July 4th Means Freedom for Humpback Whale Near Valdez, Alaska

“The NOAA Fisheries Alaska Marine Mammal Stranding Hotline received numerous reports late afternoon on July 3. A young humpback whale was entangled in the middle of the Port of Valdez[….] “The success of this mission was due to the support of the community, as they were the foundation of the effort,” said Moran. [… Members of the community] were able to fill the critical role of acting as first responders to a marine mammal emergency. “Calling in these reports is extremely valuable as it allows us to respond when safe and appropriate, and also helps us gain information on various threats affecting the animals,” said Lyman.”

9. Elephants Receive First of Its Kind Vaccine

“Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus is the leading cause of death for Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) born in facilities in North America and also causes calf deaths in the wild in Asia. A 40-year-old female received the new mRNA vaccine, which is expected to help the animal boost immunity[….]”

10. Conservation partners and Indigenous communities working together to restore forests in Guatemala

“The K’iche have successfully managed their natural resources for centuries using their traditional governing body and ancestral knowledge. As a result, Totonicapán is home to Guatemala’s largest remaining stand of conifer forest. […] EcoLogic has spearheaded a large-scale forest restoration project at Totonicapán, where 13 greenhouses now hold about 16,000 plants apiece, including native cypresses, pines, firs, and alders. […] The process begins each November when community members gather seeds. These seeds then go into planters that include upcycled coconut fibers and mycorrhizal fungi, which help kickstart fertilization. When the plantings reach about 12 inches, they’re ready for distribution.”

July 8-14 news here | (all credit for images and written material can be found at the source linked; I don’t claim credit for anything but curating.)

[wachinyeya]

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) announced today an investment of $70 million in seven creative and visionary agricultural projects to transform the U.S. food and agricultural system and sustainably increase agricultural production in ways that also reduce its environmental footprint.

This Fiscal Year 2023 investment is part of the Sustainable Agricultural Systems program area of NIFA’s Agriculture and Food Research Initiative, the nation’s leading and largest competitive grants program for agricultural sciences.

The innovative program focuses on a broad range of needed research, education and Extension solutions – from addressing agricultural workforce challenges and promoting land stewardship to addressing climate change impacts in agriculture and filling critical needs in food and nutrition.

“Agriculture is facing a multitude of complex challenges,” said Dr. Chavonda Jacobs-Young, USDA Chief Scientist and Under Secretary for Research, Education and Economics. “We need all hands on deck developing creative, sustainable and strategic ways to feed, clothe and fuel future generations.”

The $10 million awards are for coordinated agricultural projects (CAPs), which are larger-scale and longer-term investments that integrate research, education and Extension efforts. These projects promote collaboration, open communication, information exchange and reduce duplication efforts by coordinating activities among individuals, institutions, states and regions.

“These research investments support exciting projects that integrate innovative systems-based thinking, methods and technologies to establish robust, resilient, and climate-smart food and agricultural systems,” said NIFA Director Dr. Manjit Misra. “These visionary projects will improve the local and regional supply of affordable, safe, nutritious and accessible food and agricultural products, while fostering economic development and rural prosperity in America.”

Explore the seven projects, which include the following:

At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dr. Erin Silva is leading a collaboration with the Great Lakes Intertribal Food Coalition, the Wisconsin Tribal Conservation Advisory Council, and the Menominee Nation on a transdisciplinary project that aims to scale up traditional Indigenous food production practices — practices that for generations have already been climate-smart and sustainable — by expanding production, processing, storage, and distribution systems, as well as education and Extension programs, that are needed to support integrated crop-livestock systems, cover crops, and rotationally-grazed cattle and pastured chickens.

At the University of Maine, Dr. Hemant Pendse is leading an integrated research, education and Extension effort to advance the bioeconomy by developing biorefinery technologies that will make the millions of tons of available low-grade woody biomass – which currently has a very limited market – more commercially viable in both the sustainable aviation fuel and fish feed sectors.

At Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Dr. Muthu Bagavathiannan is leading a project that seeks to transform cotton production in the southern United States into a more sustainable, climate-smart enterprise by applying improved precision management practices to increase carbon sequestration and reduce greenhouse gas emissions; enhance pest control, and nutrient and water management; and address labor challenges while creating new market opportunities.

AFRI, which also makes grants in the Foundational and Applied Sciences and Education and Workforce Development program areas, is designed to improve plant and animal production and sustainability, and human and environmental health. Grants are available to eligible colleges, universities, and other research organizations.

[farmerstrend]

How Big Should Your Farm Be to Make a Profit?

Many new agripreneurs believe that the size of their farm will determine how profitable they’ll be. However, you can be profitable whether you’re farming 1 hectare or 100 hectares; it all depends on how you farm. When it comes to land, the most important thing to consider is not the number of hectares at your disposal, but rather the commodity that you farm and how you manage and control costs.…

[kemetic-dreams]

Aro Confederacy

The Aro Confederacy (1690–1902) was a political union orchestrated by the Aro people, Igbo subgroup, centered in Arochukwu in present-day southeastern Nigeria. The Aro Confederacy kingdom was founded after the beginning of the Aro-Ibibio Wars. Their influence and presence was all over Eastern Nigeria, lower Middle Belt, and parts of present-day Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Arochukwu Kingdom was an economic, political, and an oracular center as it was home of the Ibini Ukpabi oracle, High Priests, the Aro King Eze Aro, and central council (Okpankpo). The Aro Confederacy was a powerful and influential political and economic alliance of various Igbo-speaking communities in southeastern Nigeria. It emerged during the 17th century and played a significant role in the region until the late 19th century.

The exact origins of the Aro Confederacy are not precisely documented, but it is believed to have been established around the mid-17th century. The Aro people, who were part of the Igbo ethnic group, inhabited the region around present-day Arochukwu in Abia State, Nigeria. They were skilled traders and missionaries who played a pivotal role in connecting various Igbo communities. This migration and their military power, and wars with neighboring kingdoms like supported by their alliances with several related neighboring Igbo and eastern Cross River militarized states (particularly Ohafia, Edda, Abam, Abiriba, Afikpo, Ekoi, Bahumono, Amasiri etc.), quickly established the Aro Confederacy as a regional economic power. The Aro Confederacy's strength came from its well-organized network of Aro agents who were dispersed across different communities in the region. These agents acted as intermediaries in trade, diplomacy, and religious matters. They facilitated commerce, resolved disputes, and spread the worship of the Aro deity known as the "Long Juju" oracle."The Opening Up of Nigeria, the Expedition Against the Aros by Richard Caton Woodville II" 1901

The "Long Juju" oracle was the spiritual centerpiece of the Aro Confederacy. It was housed in Arochukwu and considered a potent source of political authority and religious guidance. The Aro people used the oracle to enforce their influence and control over surrounding communities. It also served as a means to administer justice and settle disputes, often attracting pilgrims seeking solutions to their problems.

The Aro Confederacy gained significant economic power through trade and commerce Their economy was primarily based on agriculture, with the cultivation of crops like palm oil, yams, and cassava. They were also involved in trade with neighboring communities and European merchants. They controlled trade routes that passed through their territories, collecting tolls and taxes from traders. The Aro also engaged in the Trans-Atlantic slave trade by capturing and selling slaves to European traders.

Aro activities on the coast helped the growth of city-states in the Niger Delta, and these city states became important centres for the export of palm oil and slaves. Such city-states included Opobo, Bonny, Nembe, Calabar, as well as other slave trading city-states controlled by the Ijaw, Efik, and Igbo. The Aros formed a strong trading network, colonies, and incorporated hundreds of communities that formed into powerful kingdoms. The Ajalli, Arondizuogu, Ndikelionwu, and Igbene Kingdoms were some of the most powerful Aro states in the Confederacy after Arochukwu. Some were founded and named after commanders and chiefs like Izuogu Mgbokpo and Iheme who led Aro/Abam forces to conquer Ikpa Ora and founded Arondizuogu. Later Aro commanders such as Okoro Idozuka (also of Arondizuogu) expanded the state's borders through warfare at the start of the 19th century. Aro migrations also played a large role in the expansion of Ozizza, Afikpo, Amasiri, Izombe, and many other city-states. For example, Aro soldiers founded at least three villages in Ozizza. The Aro Confederacy's power, however, derived mostly from its economic and religious position. With European colonists on their way at the end of the 19th century, things changed.Burning of Arochukwu 1901

During the 1890s, the Royal Niger Company of Britain bore friction with the Aros because of their economic dominance. The Aro resisted British penetration in the hinterland because their economic and religious influence was being threatened. The Aro and their allies launched offensives against British allies in Igboland and Ibibioland. After failed negotiations, the British attempted to conquer the Aro Confederacy in 1899. By 1901, the tensions were especially intensified when British prepared for the Aro Expedition. The invasion of Obegu (in Igboland) was the last major Aro offensive before the start of the Anglo-Aro War. In November 1901, the British launched the Aro Expedition and after strong Aro resistance, Arochukwu was captured on December 28, 1901. By early 1902, the war was over, and the Aro Confederacy collapsed. Contrary to the belief that the Ibini Ukpabi was destroyed, the shrine still exists, and is intact in Arochukwu and serves mainly as a tourist site.

[dertaglichedan]

Farming Robot Kills 200,000 Weeds Per Hour With Lasers

Via TheMindUnleashed.com,

The agricultural world is witnessing a remarkable transformation, driven by groundbreaking technology. Among the most fascinating innovations is a farming robot equipped with lasers that can destroy hundreds of thousands of weeds in mere hours. This high-tech solution is not just a marvel of engineering but a timely response to persistent challenges in farming, from labor shortages to the environmental impact of chemical herbicides.

By combining artificial intelligence with precision laser technology, companies like Carbon Robotics are reshaping the way farmers tackle one of agriculture’s most labor-intensive tasks. These futuristic machines offer a glimpse into the potential of sustainable farming, where innovation meets efficiency, paving the way for a healthier and more productive future for agriculture.

The Weed Problem in Agriculture

Weeds have been a persistent challenge for farmers, creating a constant battle for resources in the field. These invasive plants not only compete with crops for vital sunlight, nutrients, and water but also provide a safe haven for pests that can wreak havoc on harvests. The presence of weeds significantly reduces crop yields and quality, making effective weed management essential for agricultural success. For centuries, farmers have relied on labor-intensive methods and chemical herbicides to combat this problem, but these approaches are not without their flaws.

...

The Rise of Farming Robots

In the face of persistent agricultural challenges, technology has emerged as a transformative force, with farming robots leading the way. Carbon Robotics’ Autonomous Weeder is a standout example of how innovation can revolutionize agriculture. This remarkable machine is designed to address the dual problems of labor shortages and environmental damage caused by conventional weed management practices. By combining artificial intelligence with advanced laser technology, the Autonomous Weeder delivers an unprecedented level of precision and efficiency.

The robot operates with minimal human intervention, scanning rows of crops using 12 high-resolution cameras that detect weeds in real time. Its onboard AI system processes this information, distinguishing weeds from crops with incredible accuracy. Once a weed is identified, carbon dioxide lasers target and destroy it instantly, leaving the surrounding soil undisturbed. This approach eliminates the need for chemical herbicides, reducing environmental harm while preserving soil health. It also alleviates the physical burden of manual weeding, offering farmers a more efficient alternative.

Beyond its functional benefits, the introduction of robots like the Autonomous Weeder marks a significant shift in the agricultural sector. These machines demonstrate the potential of integrating AI into farming practices, enabling farmers to achieve more with fewer resources. As the capabilities of such robots continue to expand, they are not only solving immediate issues but also setting the stage for a future defined by sustainable and technologically advanced agriculture.

[cognitivejustice]

The eGroundwater project

Groundwater is at the centre of water management challenges, supplying 65 per cent of drinking water and 25 per cent for agricultural irrigation in the 27 EU Member States.

The main pressures on groundwater are overexploitation and climate change, particularly in regions experiencing urbanisation and population growth, with groundwater depletion leading to a whole host of negative effects.

Like many parts of Southern Europe, southern Portugal is experiencing drought and a decline in rainfall which has impacted the productivity of the region's agricultural sector, explains Vânia Sousa, environmental researcher at the University of Algarve.

“With the effects of climate change, we don’t expect the drought to ease. We need to work together on new sustainable solutions to help solve regional water scarcity,” she stressed.

The eGroundwater project

Led by environmental scientists from the University of Algarve and supported with climate data such as irrigation forecasts and historical weather patterns, the ‘eGroundwater’ project is a mobile application centred around a collective, citizen-driven approach to ground water management.

The eGroundwater platform aims to give farmers and groundwater users consolidated information on the condition of water supplies and technical specifications while also allowing users to upload and share their own data.

The app incorporates seasonal meteorological forecasts from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) which are used to anticipate cumulative precipitation in agricultural areas. This helps farmers predict their water quota and optimises the use of water during irrigation season.

Additionally, CMIP6 climate projections from C3S are used to communicate future recharge scenarios and anticipate how climate change can impact groundwater levels. This information is presented to groundwater users during workshops, for feedback and to design pathways for adaptation in line with future groundwater availability.

Paradigm shift in water use and management

Innovations such as the eGroundwater application present a paradigm shift in water use and management, putting the power back into the hands of water users. The approach is proving successful in nearby regions including Morocco, Algeria and Spain.

“One of the most critical issues on groundwater management is data scarcity. Big Data and Enhanced Information Systems (EIS) are key to overcoming this obstacle by providing users and managers useful, precise and sound data and information.”

The platform facilitates water usage simulations, co-building of new management scenarios, setting up of a citizen information system on groundwater availability and dynamics that underpin the eGroundwater solution.

[trendtrackershq]

𝐃𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬: 𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐧𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭

As the landscape of animal health continues to evolve, we’re thrilled to see the remarkable advancements in Animal Therapeutics and Diagnostics!

𝐆𝐞𝐭 𝐚 𝐅𝐑𝐄𝐄 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞: https://www.nextmsc.com/animal-therapeutics-and-diagnostics-market/request-sample?utm_source=sanyukta-14-may-2024&utm_medium=sanyukta-tumblr&utm_campaign=sanyukta-animal-therapeutics-and-diagnostics-market

𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐈𝐧𝐧𝐨𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬:

Cutting-edge diagnostic tools are revolutionizing how we understand and address animal health concerns. From rapid testing kits to advanced imaging technologies, these innovations empower veterinarians and researchers to make informed decisions quickly and accurately. By detecting diseases earlier and with greater precision, we're enhancing the well-being of our furry friends and contributing to a healthier world.

𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐁𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐬:

The realm of animal therapeutics is witnessing unprecedented breakthroughs, with novel treatments emerging to address a diverse range of conditions. Whether it's targeted therapies for chronic diseases or innovative approaches to pain management, these advancements are improving the quality of life for animals across the globe. It's inspiring to see how science and compassion intersect to create solutions that make a tangible difference.

𝐆𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐭:

The impact of these advancements extends far beyond individual animals; it influences entire ecosystems and strengthens the bond between humans and animals. By promoting the health and well-being of our animal companions, we're safeguarding biodiversity, supporting sustainable agriculture, and enhancing public health. Together, we're shaping a brighter future for all living beings.

𝐊𝐞�� 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐫𝐬:

The animal therapeutics and diagnostics industry consist of a number of major players including BioNote Inc, Heska Corp, IDEXX Laboratories Inc, IDvet, Randox Laboratories Ltd., SWISSAVANS AG, Teco Diagnostics, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Virbac SA, Zoetis Inc., Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., bioMérieux S.A., Zoetis Inc., Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Medical Bioscience GMBH, and Agrolabo SpA

Let's continue to champion innovation, collaboration, and compassion in the field of Animal Therapeutics and Diagnostics!

Together, we can create a world where every animal receives the care and attention it deserves.

[cas-50-28-2]

The wage earner sells his labor power in exchange for a fixed wage which depends on the services provided: these services are also fixed, defined in amount (hours of work) and in type (qualification). The equivalents are determined according to a fixed scale (that is, by a price determined by the total supply and demand on the labor market in the capitalist system) — a scale which is not subject to the good will of the parties concerned. The individual employer and employee do not influence the terms of the contract, and the individuals are interchangeable. The labor which is furnished has a universal value, and it is this value which the employer buys, and which the wage earner turns into money, because he can take his labor power elsewhere. The fact that it is precise services which are bought means that the wage earner can increase his earnings by improving his services, either in amount or type. The services which a married woman provides, on the contrary, are not fixed: they depend on the will of the employer, the husband. Nor are these services remunerated according to a fixed scale: the support furnished does not depend on the work done by the wife, but on the wealth and good will of her husband. For the same work (for example, the rearing of three children) the support received by the wife of a worker and the wife of a business executive can vary by as much as tenfold. Conversely, for the same support the wife furnishes very different services depending on the needs of her husband. Thus the housework of the wives of upper-class men is reduced in favor of social display and conspicuous consumption. Since the benefits received bear no relationship to the services provided, women do not have the option of improving their services in order to increase their standard of living. The only solution for them is to provide the same services to a richer man: the logical consequence of the nonvalue of their work is the competition for a good marriage.

The Main Enemy, Christine Delphy, 1977

Just read this short essay (you can find it here) and while I have a lot of critiques I would highly recommend reading it, it brings a new and deep analysis of patriarchy. She argues that the household forms its own sphere of production separate from industrial capitalism, and that it is organized more like feudalism or slavery - on the basis of the heterosexual contract, women do the work asked of them by the men, and their compensation for it in return is not the value of the labour, or proportionate to their time, but simply whatever their husband sees fit to give them.

I think she somewhat fails in theorizing how the class position of women within the household changes their class position in capitalism (the bourgeois wife does in fact have a material stake in the bourgeoisie being the ruling class, her takes on slavery are as bad as you'd expect for a white 70s feminist) and her analysis is limited to "wives" which are of course only one type of women, but these are productive problems & don't fundamentally undermine her argument imo.

More quotes from the essay under the cut:

In France today women's work may be unpaid not only when it is applied to products for domestic use, but also when it is applied to goods for the market. This is true in all the sectors where the unit of production is the family (in contrast to the workshop or the factory), i.e., in most agriculture, in small businesses, and in craft workshops. Women's work is by no means marginal: in 1968 farmers' wives devoted on an average four hours a day to agricultural work.

The wife's unpaid labor thus counts in the general economy of the farm, as well as the unpaid labor of younger brothers and sisters, who are literally disinherited, and that of children. Although today in the majority of cases younger siblings and children threaten to leave, or actually do leave, unless they are paid a wage, it is important to remember that their exploitation was the rule in all sectors of the economy until industrialization (the end of the eighteenth century), and until the Second World War in agriculture.

The example of self-consumption on the farm illustrates clearly the fact that there is no difference in nature between the activities called "productive" (like fattening a pig) and household activities called "nonproductive" (like cooking the said pig).

What this bourgeois economist does not mention is that if most "households" prefer to buy food in a raw form it is because household labor is unpaid and because this labor is entirely provided by wives. One can oppose these facts to the ideology which says that the husband's wage alone pays for the total consumption of the household, while the housewife "does not earn her living."

Until 1965 the whole labor power of the wife was appropriated: her husband could prevent her working outside the home. These arrangements having been abrogated in 1965, it can be said that since then women have legally recovered a part of their labor power. Legally free to work outside of the home, a woman is not in fact free to do so. A part of her labor power remains appropriated, since "she must fulfill her family responsibilities," that is, provide housework and child rearing without pay. Not only does outside work not free her from housework, but also it must not interfere with it either.

It can no longer be maintained that domestic work is performed in exchange for support and that this support is the equivalent of a wage, and that this work is therefore paid. Women who go out to work support themselves and thus provide this domestic work for nothing.

Moreover, when the wage of a woman who works "outside" is calculated by the couple, the expenses of child care, extra taxes, etc., are deducted from her wage alone, instead of being paid from the couple's income as a whole.

The existence of two modes of production in our society is established: (1) most goods are produced in the industrial mode; (2) domestic services, child rearing, and a certain number of goods are produced in the family mode. The first mode of production gives rise to capitalist exploitation. The second gives rise to familial, or more precisely, patriarchal exploitation.

Thus her standard of living does not depend on her class relationship to the proletariat, but on her serf relations of production to her husband. In the vast majority of cases the wives of bourgeois men whose marriage ends must earn their own living as wage workers. They then become concretely the proletarians that they to all intents and purposes were — with the added handicap of age and / or the lack of professional training. Divorce reveals women's virtual and real class position in the capitalist system