#Nikolaos Gyzis

[the-evil-clergyman]

Dance of the Nymphs by Nikolaos Gyzis (19th Century)

[oldpaintings]

Nikolaos Gyzis (Greek, 1842–1901)

[literaryvein-reblogs]

Writing Reference: Cake Terminology

IN AMERICAN ENGLISH...

Cake - is anything, large or small, filled or unfilled, made from a sweet batter, whether dense or light

IN THE UK...

A cake - what Americans might call a “plain cake”.

It usually refers to a dense baked good such as Madeira cake, similar to what Americans might call a pound cake, or to a fruit-laden Christmas cake (U.S. fruitcake).

A layer cake - referred to as a “sandwich sponge,” “sandwich,” or by the French term gâteau.

IN FRANCE...

Le cake - a loaf-shaped pound cake often enriched with dried or candied fruits.

Lately, the French have begun to apply the term to any loafshaped, flour-based baked goods; one result is le cake salé (salted cake), a dense savory cake.

Delicate layer cakes with rich or soft fillings are also referred to as entremets (desserts).

A layer cake can be a gâteau in France as well as in the United Kingdom, though the same term may also refer to desserts made from pastry doughs, such as:

Almond-filled gâteau des rois - (kings cake or Twelfth Night cake) made from puff pastry

Gâteau Basque - made from a sweet pastry dough

Gâteau Saint Honoré - made from unsweetened pastry dough or puff pastry

Pâte à choux - cream puff pastry

IN GERMAN-SPEAKING COUNTRIES...

Terminology mostly follows classic South German nomenclature.

Plain cakes, those embellished with fresh fruit, or those made from yeast-leavened doughs are referred to as Kuchen.

Layer cakes and some rich cakes made from pastry doughs are called Torten, as in:

Punschtorte, layers of sponge cake moistened with rum punch and filled with apricot jam;

Sachertorte, a rich chocolate cake; and

Linzertorte, a dense, jam-filled cake; halfway between a cake and a pastry.

A Torte is sometimes mistakenly thought to be a cake or cake layer made without flour, probably because the Viennese baking tradition often uses ground nuts either alone or combined with flour or dry breadcrumbs for Tortenboden or cake layers.

IN ITALY...

Italian bakers solve the problem by referring to most cakes, as well as to pies and tarts, as torte.

An Italian torta may be either a layer cake, as in:

torta bignè (a cream-filled layer cake covered with tiny unfilled cream puffs or bignè), or

torta di mandorle (an unfilled, denser cake such as an almond pound cake).

torta rustica - A torta can refer to a savory pie

torta di mele - or a sweet pie

Source ⚜ More: Notes & References ⚜ Writing Resources PDFs

[psikonauti]

Νικόλαος Γύζης (Nikolaos Gyzis) (Greek,1842-1900)

Αλληγορία της ζωγραφικής (Allegory of painting), 1890

[venustapolis]

Behold the Celestial Bridegroom Cometh (Nikolaos Gyzis, 1895)

[mythologyofthepoetandthemuse]

Pallas Athena by Nikolaos Gyzis, 1887.

[ant1gonesque]

Nikolaos Gyzis, Harmony (1893)

[cleopatragirlie]

Some of my favourite portraits in Athens National Gallery 🎀

[wordsmithic]

"The Soulmother", Nikolaos Gyzis - 1883

A psychomana ("ψυχομάνα", lit. soul mother) in Hellenic/Greek is the term traditionally used for surrogate mothers and wetnurses. There are two theories for what this painting depicts.

The first wants the mother in black to be the biological mother of the child, who envies the other woman for the milk she offers to her child. The basket shows that this woman came for a while, just enough for the child to be fed.

The second theory speculates that the mother of the black-clad child is dead, probably because of childbirth. The child and the woman who brought it are both dressed in black for mourning. Perhaps the woman on the left is the deceased mother's sister. The soulmother will be nursing the child from now on. The feeling of envy could still be present in the black-clad woman. Perhaps she would like to nurse the child her sister left behind but she is unable to offer as much.

Personally, I think the second theory is closer to the artist's intent. In our tradition, it's not appropriate for a child so young to be dressed in black. So if someone dressed the kid like this, it would be for the mother's funeral.

[mysterious-secret-garden]

Nikolaos Gyzis - Psyché, 1893.

[the-evil-clergyman]

The Spider by Nikolaos Gyzis (1884)

[lightthereis]

Nikolaos Gyzis - Archangel (Γύζης Νικόλαος-Αρχάγγελος)

[literaryvein-reblogs]

[psikonauti]

Νικόλαος Γύζης (Nikolaos Gyzis) (Greek,1842-1901)

Γιάντες (Wishbone), 1879

oil on canvas

[ourladyofthebrokenspine]

Behold the Celestial Bridegroom Cometh Nikolaos Gyzis, 1895

[arinewman7]

Young Girl Kneeling on a Chair

Nikolaos Gyzis

oil on canvas laid down on board