#Medical Council of India

[madraslawyers]

இந்திய சட்டங்கள் மற்றும் இந்தியாவில் சட்டப்பூர்வ தீர்வுகள்

இந்தியா வளமான கலாச்சார பாரம்பரியம் கொண்ட பல்வேறு நாடு. இந்திய சட்ட அமைப்பு உலகின் பழமையான சட்ட அமைப்புகளில் ஒன்றாகும், மேலும் இது பல ஆண்டுகளாக உருவாகி வருகிறது. குடிமக்களின் உரிமைகளைப் பாதுகாக்கவும் நீதியை உறுதிப்படுத்தவும் இந்தியாவில் பல்வேறு சட்டங்கள் மற்றும் சட்டப் பரிகாரங்கள் உள்ளன. இந்திய சட்டங்கள் இந்திய சட்ட அமைப்பு இந்தியாவில் வாழ்க்கையின் பல்வேறு அம்சங்களை ஒழுங்குபடுத்துவதற்கும்…

[sciencesolutions]

[letters-to-lgbt-kids]

My dear lgbt+ kids,

Here are some good things that happened in 2022!

January:

Canada bans conversion therapy

Greece allows gay men to donate blood (for the first time in 45 years!)

Israel legalizes surrogacy for gay couples

People in Switzerland are now able to legally change their gender without having to undergo surgery first

February:

New Zealand bans conversion therapy

Nonbinary people in Columbia are now entitled to a birth certificate with a "nonbinary" sex marker

Nayarit (Mexico) allows same-sex couples to adopt

Kuwait overrules a law that has been used to criminalize transgender people

Jowelle de Souza makes history as the first openly transgender parliamentarian in the Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago)

March:

Chile legalizes same-sex marriage

 France removes the deferral period for gay men donating blood

The United States announces an overhaul of TSA protocols to implement gender-neutral screening at checkpoints

Wales (United Kingdom) bans conversion therapy

Kristin Crowley makes history as the first openly gay (and the first female) chief of the Los Angeles Fire Department (United States)

Diana Zurco makes history as Argentina’s first openly transgender newscaster

April:

Santa Catarina (Brazil) now allows nonbinary people to change their gender marker without having to file a lawsuit

Jalisco (Mexico) bans conversion therapy

The United States issues the first passport with a nonbinary gender 'X' option

May:

Greece bans conversion therapy

Lithuania allows gay men to donate blood

Croatia allows same-sex couples to adopt

Austria removes the deferral period for gay men donating blood

June:

Hidalgo (Mexico) now punishes people offering conversion therapy with up to 3 years in prison

Quebec (Canada) allows people to be classified as a parent (rather than a mother or father) on their child's birth certificate

North Carolina (United States) no longer demands proof of surgery from people who wish to change their gender marker

Spain prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity or HIV status

Kamala Harris made history by hosting the first Pride Month reception by a sitting vice president at their residence (United States)

July:

Switzerland legalizes same-sex marriage

Antigua and Barbuda legalize "same-sex behavior"

Andorra decides to legalize same-sex marriage (the law will come into effect in 2023)

Slovenia legalizes both same-sex marriage and adoption

Ariana DeBose makes history as the first queer woman of color (and the first Afro-Latina) to win an Oscar for acting (United States)

August:

India expands the definition of family to include "queer relationships"

Chile equalizes the age of consent

In Saint Kitts and Nevis, same-sex activity is no longer illegal.

Vietnam declares that homosexuality is not a disease and bans conversion therapy

Ellia Green makes history as the first Olympian to come out as a trans man (Australia)

September:

In India, the State Medical Councils can now take disciplinary action against doctors who provide conversion therapy

Cuba legalizes both same-sex marriage and adoption

 Durango (Mexico) legalize same-sex marriage

Canada removes the deferral period for gay men donating blood

Kim Petras and Sam Smith make history as the first openly transgender woman and the first openly nonbinary person to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100 (United States)

October:

Latvia allows civil unions for same-sex couples 

Paraguay bans conversion therapy

Byron Perkins makes history as the first out football player at HBCU (United States)

Duda Salabert and Erika Hilton make history as the first two openly transgender people elected to the National Congress of Brazil

November:

Singapore decriminalizes gay sex

Singapore also lifts censorship of lgbt+ media

Hidalgo becomes the first state in Mexico to recognize nonbinary people

Ireland removes the deferral period for gay men donating blood

December:

 Barbados legalizes "same-sex acts"

Here is to more good news in 2023!

With all my love,

Your Tumblr Dad

[panimoonchild]

Unpunished evil returns and grows stronger in its impunity

"13 houses in the residential area were damaged during the rocket attack, the houses have five floors. There is a very large number of broken windows, over 700. Seven humanitarian buildings were damaged," said Kateryna Yamshchikova, Secretary of the Poltava City Council, about the consequences of the missile attack in Poltava on June 17.

Utilities and rescuers are working at the site. They are trimming damaged trees and removing balcony structures. Social workers and psychologists are also assisting.

Also, Vadym Labas briefly explains why certain countries that arrived at the Global Peace Summit in Switzerland did not sign a joint declaration.

▪️ Saudi Arabia is a major hub for the transfer of components and units for Russian weapons, as well as a place of accumulation of billions of Russian money. ▪️ India - supplies units and components to Russia. It has joint military-industrial complex plants with Russia, from assault rifles to missiles. It is a hub for transshipment of Russian oil. ▪️ South Africa - everything is clear here: "Wagner", money and influence. ▪️ Thailand - supplies sanctioned products to Russia and also helps the Russian military-industrial complex with its production. For example, Russia could not produce cable products without Thailand. ▪️ Indonesia - supplies sanctioned products to Russia. ▪️ Mexico is a huge hub for the supply of drugs to Europe and Russian agents to the United States, which generates huge shadow earnings. ▪️ United Arab Emirates - helps to supply sanctioned products to Russia and has a lot of Russian money. ▪️ Armenia - has a huge Russian lobby and is one of the key players in the supply of smuggled military-industrial products to Russia.

All this brings super-profits either to these countries themselves or to influential clans in these countries. Therefore, they are quite satisfied with the current situation.

P.S.: these countries came to the Summit to "keep their finger on the pulse," but they are not interested in peace in Ukraine because they make super profits by helping Russia circumvent sanctions and supplying components. But if they were given a clear signal about the secondary sanctions that could be imposed for helping Russia, their "pulse rate" would increase significantly.

DPRK prepares for the arrival of the world's evil.

Now the most important news: The ratio of forces in the Pokrovsk sector is 1 to 7 in favor of the Russians, said a soldier of the 47th Brigade, pseudonym "Azimuth".

Photo: Approximate front line in the Pokrovsk sector/DeepStateMap.

The Russians are pressing near the villages of Novoselivka Persha, Sokil, and Novopokrovske, trying to reach the Pokrovsk-Konstantynivka highway.

Don't be indifferent. Make Russia pay. Please hear our cry out to the world, keep spreading our voices, and donate to our army and combat medics (savelife.in.ua, prytulafoundation.org, Serhii Sternenko, hospitallers.life, ptahy.vidchui.org, and u24.gov.ua).

[vngelicc]

Thank you for considering my message.

Here's what everybody needs to know about young doctor's rape case -

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/pgt-doctor-found-dead-at-rg-kar-medical-college/articleshow/112415633.cms

Here's the summary -

Her dad found her naked, lying

motionless on the floor with a broken

pelvic girdle, disfigured limbs and

shattered pieces of glasses in her eyes,

bleeding incessantly.

Her plight in those

final minutes is unimaginable. Her

parents were denied any contact with her

dead body for 3 hours after they reached

the crime scene. 150 gm of semen was

found in her body, one man can only

have 15 gm. A scapegoat is in custody.

Dean said she was psychotic. After the

transfer to CBI, renovation work started

in the hospital. At this point it's not just

a doctor issue anymore, it's just

inhumane. We keep unlocking lower

levels of inhumanity year after year.

#Stop crimes against women !!!!!

Please support the doctor's fraternity of India to help our fellow doctor get the desired justice because common people are silent on this case but being woman We expect support from all women atleast because the worst part is even our medical council isn't allowing us to protest peacefully considering our protests to be keeping medical care of common people at stake . So the social media is our last string of hope .

Thank you !!

here’s the link but pls keep spreading!!

[plutusiasdelhi]

MALARIA VACCINE

The Government of India has set a target to eliminate malaria in India by 2027.

It has developed a National Framework for Malaria Elimination (2016-2030) and a National Strategic Plan for Malaria Elimination for five years.

India shifted its focus from malaria control to elimination.

A roadmap was established to eliminate malaria in 571 out of India’s total 678 districts by 2022. 

The Malaria Elimination Research Alliance-India (MERA-India) was formed under the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).

The subject of "Malaria Vaccine" is covered in this article's coverage of "Daily Current Affairs". The Science and Technology segment of the UPSC CSE test has applicability for this topic. Rishabh has researched and written the article. Additionally, our faculty has reviewed this article. Click the “Malaria Vaccine” link to see the story's original version.

Plutus IAS has received praise for its continued success in offering top-notch and reasonably priced IAS coaching in Karol Bagh Delhi. Our students' everlasting gratitude proves our dedication to developing the next generation of Indian bureaucrats and administrators.

The importance of everyday current affairs cannot be overstated if you wish to succeed in competitive tests like Civil Services. On its website, Plutus IAS includes a separate section for current affairs.

[pgmedblogs]

Advance Your Expertise: Premier FRCR Training in India

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Become a certified radiologist with Texila’s expert FRCR Coaching in India and unlock a promising career in radiology today!

[collegestory]

MBBS and MD/MS Admissions in India: Your Pathway to a Medical Career

India is one of the most sought-after destinations for medical education, particularly MBBS and postgraduate medical studies like MD/MS. With a vast array of medical colleges, advanced infrastructure, and affordable tuition fees, India attracts students from across the globe, especially through NRI and management quota admissions. This guide provides an overview of the MBBS and postgraduate medical study opportunities in India, focusing on MD/MS admission, NEET PG, NRI quota, and management quota admissions.

1. MD/MS Admission in India

MD (Doctor of Medicine) and MS (Master of Surgery) are postgraduate degrees that allow MBBS graduates to specialize in their chosen medical fields. Admission to these programs in India is primarily based on NEET PG scores, a national-level examination that all aspiring postgraduate medical students must take.

Eligibility for MD/MS Admission

Completion of an MBBS degree from a recognized medical college.

Completion of a 12-month rotating internship.

A valid NEET PG score, which determines eligibility for admission into top medical colleges.

India has several prestigious medical colleges like AIIMS, JIPMER, and private institutions where students can apply for MD/MS courses. The quality of education, research facilities, and clinical exposure offered by these institutions makes them highly desirable.

2. NEET PG Admission in India

The NEET PG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test Postgraduate) is the gateway for students looking to pursue MD/MS in India. Conducted annually by the National Board of Examinations (NBE), NEET PG is essential for admission to both government and private medical colleges.

NEET PG Admission Process

Register: Candidates must register for NEET PG through the official NBE website.

Appear for the Exam: The exam tests candidates on various medical subjects studied during the MBBS program.

Counseling: Based on the scores obtained, students participate in counseling sessions where seats are allotted in different medical colleges.

Allotment of Seats: After counseling, candidates are granted admission into MD/MS programs in their preferred colleges based on their rank and availability of seats.

NEET PG opens doors to a wide array of specialties in medicine, offering students the opportunity to specialize in their fields of interest.

3. NRI Quota Admission in India

For foreign students or Indian nationals residing abroad, India offers NRI quota admissions in various medical colleges. NRI quota seats are reserved for students who meet specific criteria, such as holding an NRI status or sponsorship by a relative who is an NRI.

Benefits of NRI Quota Admission

Increased chance of securing admission in reputed medical colleges without intense competition.

The option to study at top institutions without having to participate in the general merit list.

Access to world-class medical education in India at affordable rates compared to other countries.

NRI quota admissions are particularly beneficial for those looking to bypass the fiercely competitive general admission process in India.

4. NRI Quota Admission in MBBS

MBBS is one of the most sought-after undergraduate medical programs in India, and NRI quota admissions offer an excellent pathway for overseas students to enroll in Indian medical colleges. Every year, a certain number of MBBS seats are allocated for NRI students in both government and private medical colleges.

Application Process for NRI Quota Admission in MBBS

Eligibility: Applicants must have completed 12 years of schooling, preferably with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology as core subjects.

NEET UG Scores: NRI candidates are required to appear for NEET UG and score a minimum qualifying percentile to be eligible for admission.

Seat Allocation: NRI seats are allotted through a centralized counseling process conducted by the Medical Council of India (MCI) and respective state bodies.

The NRI quota significantly eases the admission process for foreign nationals, offering them access to India’s top medical education institutions.

5. Management Quota Admission in MD/MS

Medical colleges in India also offer management quota admissions for postgraduate courses like MD and MS. Management quota seats are usually available in private medical colleges, and the selection process is relatively more flexible compared to government institutions.

Eligibility for Management Quota Admission in MD/MS

A valid MBBS degree from a recognized university.

Completion of the mandatory internship.

NEET PG qualification is typically required, but the cutoff is often lower for management quota seats.

Management quota admission offers students an alternative route to secure their seats in top medical colleges, especially if their NEET PG rank does not meet the general or state quota criteria.

[careermantradotorg]

FMGE Exam 2024 

The Medical Council of India Screening Test, also known as Foreign Medical Graduates Examination (FMGE), is a licensure exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE) in India. This exam is one of the mandatory requirements for an Indian citizen who has a medical degree from a college outside India to practice medicine in the country.

The screening test was introduced in 2002 as a qualifying exam for Indian students who received their medical degrees from countries other than India such as the former Soviet Union, Eastern European countries, China, Nepal, the Philippines, and the Caribbean countries.

Indian doctors who possess fundamental medical degrees from the above countries are required to undertake the MCI screening examination.

[brookston]

Holidays 8.21

Holidays

Actuaries Day (India)

Appreciation Day (Elder Scrolls)

Aquino Day (Philippines)

Argonian Day

Ask Questions Day

Bitcoin Infinity Day

Black Indie Authors Day

Buhe (Ethiopia)

Bunny Day (Japan)

Cadillac Day

Crazy Day

Eagle Scout Day

821 Day (Texas)

Festival of Goliath, Parade of Giants begins (Ath, Belgium)

Fête de la Jeunesse (a.k.a. Youth Day; Morocco, Western Sahara)

Good Roads Day

Gospel Day (Micronesia)

Grandfather and Grandson’s Day (Argentina)

ICBM Day

International Day of Mosques

International Day of Remembrance of and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism (UN)

Internet Self-Care Day

Kosrae (Gospel Day; Micronesia)

National Brazilian Blowout Day

National Dreams Are Possible Day

National Fentanyl Prevention and Awareness Day

National Meme Day

National Report Upcoding Fraud Day

National Senior Citizens Day

Ninoy Aquino Day (Philippines)

Officer’s Day (Russia)

Order of the Lone Star Day

Our Lady of Knock

Poet's Day

San Martin Day (Argentina)

Senior Citizens' Day

Six-Row Barley Day (French Republic)

Thiruonam (Parts of India)

World Entrepreneurs’ Day

World Fashion Day

World Goat Day

Youth Day (Morocco)

Food & Drink Celebrations

Beer Institute Day

Grog Day

National Shiraz Day (Australia)

National Spumoni Day

National Sweet Tea Day

Independence & Related Days

Hawaii Statehood Day (Original Date; 1959)

Latituda (Declared; 2006) [unrecognized]

Latvia (Passing of the Constitutional Law on the Status of the Republic of Latvia as a State and Actual Restoration of the Republic of Latvia; 1991)

3rd Wednesday in August

Hump Day [Every Wednesday]

JUVEDERM Day [3rd Wednesday]

Miss Crustacean Hermit Crab Beauty Pageant and Hermit Crab Races (Ocean City, NJ) [3rd Wednesday]

National Medical Dosimetrist Day [3rd Wednesday]

Wacky Wednesday [Every Wednesday]

Wandering Wednesday [3rd Wednesday of Each Month]

Website Wednesday [Every Wednesday]

Wiener Wednesday [3rd Wednesday of Each Month]

Festivals Beginning August 21, 2024

Corn Palace Festival (Mitchell, South Dakota) [thru 8.25]

gamescom (Cologne, Germany) [thru 8.25]

The Great New York State Fair (Syracuse, New York) [thru 9.2]

Hythe Venetian Fete (Hythe, United Kingdom) [thru 8.21]

Idaho County Fair (Cottonwood, Idaho) [thru 8.24]

Pluk de Nacht Film Festival (Amsterdam, Netherlands) [thru 8.31]

Ransom County Fair (Lisbon, North Dakota) [thru 8.25]

Reading and Leeds Festivals (Leeds and Reading, United Kingdom) [thru 8.25]

Tønder Festival (Tønder, Denmark) [thru 8.24]

Victoria Fringe Theatre Festival (Victoria, British Columbia, Canada) [thru 9.1]

Feast Days

Abraham of Smolensk (Eastern Orthodox Church)

Albert Irvin (Artology)

Amontons (Positivist; Saint)

Apologise Day (Pastafarian)

Asher Brown Durand (Artology)

Aubrey Beardsley (Artology)

Bernard Ptolemy, Founder of the Olivetans (Christian; Saint)

Blessing Against Jealousy Day (Celtic Book of Days)

Bonosus and Maximilian (Christian; Martyrs)

Broderick Crawford Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Christian Schad (Artology)

Consualia (Ancient Roman festival to the god of the harvest and stored grain)

Euprepius of Verona (Christian; Saint)

Festival of Consus (God of Good Council; Ancient Rome)

Heraclia (Celebration of Hercules; Ancient Rome; Everyday Wicca)

Jane Francis de Chantal (Christian; Saint)

Jean-Baptiste Greuze (Artology)

Joseph (Muppetism)

Jules Michelet (Writerism)

Luxorius, Cisellus and Camerinus (Christian; Martyrs)

The Magic of Lemon Day (Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Maximilian of Antioch (Christian; Saint)

Menashe Kadishman (Artology)

Narcisse-Virgile Díaz de la Peña (Artology)

Nathaniel Everett Green (Artology)

Our Lady of Knock (Christian; Saint)

Pius X, Pope (Christian; Saint)

Radish Tordia (Artology)

Richard, Bishop of Andria (Christian; Saint)

Robert Stone (Writerism)

Sidonius Apollinaris (Christian; Saint)

Stephen Hillenburg (Artology)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Prime Number Day: 233 [51 of 72]

Shakku (赤口 Japan) [Bad luck all day, except at noon.]

Tycho Brahe Unlucky Day (Scandinavia) [29 of 37]

Umu Limnu (Evil Day; Babylonian Calendar; 39 of 60)

Unglückstage (Unlucky Day; Pennsylvania Dutch) [22 of 30]

Premieres

Ain’t Misbehaving’, recorded by Fats Waller (Song; 1938)

American Ultra (Film; 2015)

An American Werewolf in London (Film; 1981)

Axe Me Another (Fleischer Popeye Cartoon; 1934)

Bambi (Animated Disney Film; 1942)

Be Here Now, by Oasis (Album; 1997)

Between Meals: An Appetite for Paris, by A.J. Liebling (Memoir; 1959)

Blade (Film; 1998)

A Brief History of Time (Documentary Film; 1992)

Crazy, recorded by Patsy Cline (Song; 1961)

Diesel and Dust, by Midnight Oil (Album; 1987)

Dirty Dancing (Film; 1987)

Dynamite, by BTS (Song; 2020)

Earth Abides, by George R. Stewart (Novel; 1949)

Eve of Destruction, by Barry McGuire (Song; 1965)

Facelift, by Alice In Chains (Album; 1990)

Fireman’s Brawl (Fleischer/Famous Popeye Cartoon; 1953)

First Monday in October (Film; 1981)

House of the Dragon (TV Series; 2022)

How You Remind Me, by Nickelback (Song; 2001)

Inglorious Basterds (Film; 2009)

Kiko and the Honey Bears (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1936)

Life with Fido (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1942)

Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland (Animated Film; 1992)

Motörhead, by Motörhead (Album; 1977)

Next Stoop Wonderland (Film; 1998)

Ready or Not (Film; 2019)

Ritual de lo Habitual, by Jane’s Addiction (Album; 1990)

Run, Run, Sweet Road Runner (WB MM Cartoon; 1965)

Sherman Was Right (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1932)

A Sunbonnet Blue (WB MM Cartoon; 1937)

The Wings of the Dove, by Henry James (Novel; 1902)

Wrongfully Accused (Film; 1998)

Today’s Name Days

Pius (Austria)

Agaton, Pio, Sidonija (Croatia)

Johana (Czech Republic)

Salomon (Denmark)

Sven, Sveno (Estonia)

Soini, Veini (Finland)

Christophe, Grâce, Ombeline (France)

Pia, Oius, Maximilian (Germany)

Hajna, Sémuel (Hungary)

Cristoforo, Pio (Italy)

Janīna, Linda, Sidnejs (Latvia)

Gaudvydas, Joana, Kazė, Kazimiera, Medeinė (Lithuania)

Ragni, Ragnvald (Norway)

Adolf, Adolfa, Adolfina, Alf, Bernard, Emilian, Filipina, Franciszek, Joanna, Kazimiera, Męcimir (Poland)

Jana (Slovakia)

Pío (Spain)

Jon, Jonna (Sweden)

Gianna, Jane, Janelle, Janessa, Janet, Janette, Janice, Janie, Janine, Janiya, Jayne, Shanice, Sheena (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 234 of 2024; 132 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 3 of Week 34 of 2024

Celtic Tree Calendar: Coll (Hazel) [Day 19 of 28]

Chinese: Month 7 (Ren-Shen), Day 18 (Ding-Si)

Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025) [Wu-Chen]

Hebrew: 17 Av 5784

Islamic: 15 Safar 1446

J Cal: 24 Purple; Threesday [24 of 30]

Julian: 8 August 2024

Moon: 94%: Waning Gibbous

Positivist: 9 Gutenberg (9th Month) [Amontons]

Runic Half Month: As (Gods) [Day 14 of 15]

Season: Summer (Day 63 of 94)

Week: 3rd Full Week of August

Zodiac: Leo (Day 31 of 31)

[fatehbaz]

Natural history as the basis for trade and commercial agriculture mediated the link between overseas expansion and the development of European scientific thought. By virtue of its strategic location in the moist tropics, Peninsular Malaysia made a significant contribution to natural history and, thus, to colonial science. [...] Botanical and zoological collections from insular Southeast Asia were of seminal importance, for example, to the pioneer studies of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. [...]

The search for economic produce was actively promoted by both the English and Dutch East India Companies [...]. Modern European plant science had its roots in [...] the creation of physick and, later, botanic gardens, established [...] in Pisa, Padua, Florence, [...] Leiden, Oxford, Cambridge, [...] and Edinburgh. Among other functions, these gardens served, as institutions for training physicians for service in the colonies. The lead role they played in discovering and inventorying plants [...] forged a crucial link between botanic gardens and the quest for products, territory and empire.

Garcia D’Orta (c. 1501/2-68), a Spanish physician who served several viceroys in Goa, established the botanic garden near Bombay [...]. His Aromatum Historia (1563) [...] has been described as ‘a landmark in the history of civilization’. [...]

Hendrik van Rheede’s ground-breaking 12-volume Hortus Malabaricus (1678-1703) [was] based on [...] Ayurvadic knowledge and the services of Ezhava collectors and tree climbers in the Malabar. [...]

---

[T]he connection [Linnaeus] established between natural history and national wealth was widely influential. It struck a cord with Adam Smith (1723-90) and other political economists [...] who placed their faith in agricultural improvement [...]. These developments put a premium on naturalists and [...] Sir Comte de Buffon [...] and Joseph Banks [...] served as agricultural and medical consultants to sovereigns. [...] [T]he concept of environmental determinism informed Adam Smith’s philosophy of the superiority of Western nations, endowed with temperate climes, over the people of the tropics. [...] The person who brokered the link between desire for material wealth and the search for its location and procurement overseas was the indomitable and widely influential [Joseph] Banks, President of the Royal Society (1778-1820) and, from 1773, de facto director of the Royal Botanical Gardens. Also a member of the Privy Council Committee for trade – the organization most directly concerned with augmenting wealth and self-sufficiency -- he used his influence with the Royal Institution and the Board of Agriculture to forge a successful link between science and empire. [...]

Carolus Clusius who held the Chair of Botany in Leiden (1592-9) reputedly obtained ‘Malaysian’ specimens from Sir Francis Drake.

Again, following the death in 1695 of the VOC [Dutch East India Company] botanist, Paulus Hermann, his notes and manuscript [...] were acquired and used by William Sherard (Sherwood), founder of the Chair of Botany in Oxford.

---

In 1778, the English East India Company (EIC) appointed J.G. Koenig, a pupil of Linnaeus, as ‘Professor of Botany and Natural History’ in Madras. [...]

His appointment, believed to have been initiated by Banks, firmly established colonial science within the purview of imperial economic policy. [...]

Koenig worked in the private gardens [...] in Melaka and conducted the earliest and largest botanical survey of the west coast of the Peninsula (1778-9). Bengkulen (Bangkulu), [...] where pepper cultivation was extensively researched, was declared a Presidency [...] with the express aim of developing its full economic potential. To help fulfill this objective, Philip and Charles Miller, sons of the well-respected gardener at the Chelsea Physick Garden, were engaged as botanists [...] Charles Miller was entrusted in ‘the greatest secrecy’ with the experimental planting of nutmeg and cloves, using seedlings that visiting Bugis traders were encouraged to smuggle from Maluku. [...] [T]he EIC envisaged expanding the range of Benkulen’s exports by the introduction of tea, ginger, turmeric and mulberries. [...] These efforts prefigured experiments in spice cultivation at the Calcutta Botanic Gardens [...].

Newbold took his knowledge of the tropical environment in the [Malayan] Straits Settlements to Madras, where he earned a reputation as a naturalist and an Orientalist [...]. His lecture to the Bengal Asiatic Society in 1846 [...] was hugely influential and put the Peninsula at the heart of the emerging discourse on tropical ecology. [...] [T]hose [tropical botanic gardens] established by the EIC in Penang (1794) and Singapore (1822) were integral to its commercial aims for extending the chain of ‘tropical Edens’. As centres for the [...] assemblage of exotic crops [...], botanic gardens were perceived as symbols of scientific progress and imperial might.

---

All text above by: Jeyamalar Kathirithamby-Wells. "Peninsular Malaysia in the context of natural history and colonial science." New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies Volume 11 Number 1. June 2009. [Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks/contractions added by me.]

[theculturedmarxist]

I can't reblog it for some reason, but regarding a thread about how awful Mao is and how his policies killed a hundred billion people, I think this is significant.

---

DETROIT — Another country that once had an addiction problem—one that lasted for almost 200 years and involved an incredible 25 per cent of its population—is China.

Today China is virtually drug‐free— and the methods the Chinese used to eradicate their addiction problem might well offer methods we could use to achieve the same results.

China was forced into addiction by the Opium Wars. Contrary to popular belief, these wars—from 1839 to 1842 —did not originate because China wanted to export opium. They began when China resisted England's demand to import opium in exchange for Chi nese products—mostly tea, silk, and porcelain. China lost these wars, and among other indignities was forced to exchange its goods for opium. As a result it became a highly narcoticized country, a victim of ruthless Western economic and political policy. By 1850 an entire fifth of the revenue of the British Government of India — the source of opium — came from Chinese consumption of this drug.

Obviously to enlarge the market for opium, China was forced to create a huge number of addicts. And it did.

In October of 1949 the People's Re public of China was proclaimed. With in a year the Communist Government instituted a comprehensive program designed to eliminate this threat to the nation. All evidence indicates that by 1953 the problem of narcotic drug abuse was practically eliminated.

One important factor was the changed ideology of the young people —no new supply of addicts was forth coming. The changes in outlook in cluded a redefinition of the nation and its youth, of their worth and role. In rural areas this new definition was based on land distribution; collective farming; new educational, social, and vocational opportunities; and the elec tion of local councils. In the cities it took the form of nationalization of commerce and industry, full employ ment, worker control, and the end of foreign domination.

This total ideological transformation of the younger generation was accom panied by the reintegration of Chinese society through small street commit tees that offered cultural leadership.

Equally significant in the Chinese drive to eliminate narcotic addiction were its methods of plugging the source, China is 80 per cent rural, and an unknown but significant part of the land had been turned into poppy cul tivation. The first major economic and political mass campaign of the Gov ernment was land reform, and this aim was coordinated with elimination of poppy growth. Distribution of land from large landholders to landless peasants was accompanied by the need to convert the opium cash crops to badly needed food crops. Today China produces enough opium to meet its medical needs, but no more.

Smuggled opium was still a source of the drug, and China acted to stop this supply with a policy of “carrot and stick.” Leniency was recom mended for employes and workers of opium traffickers; but heavy penalties existed for those controlling the traf fic, manufacture, or growth of opium.

China's attitude toward the individ ual reformed addict was one of good willed congratulations, and represents another important reason why the nar cotic problem was overcome. The re habilitation of opium addicts began with their registration. Arrangements by city‐wide antiopium committees for addict rehabilitation included treat ment to break the habit at home, in clinics and in hospitals.

At every stage of personal rehabili tation the ideological motivation was stressed. Given China's attitudes, this ideology was strong on political, so cial, and economic information. But the important thing is that the anti drug campaign recognized that the de sire and will of the addict is ultimately the controlling factor of addiction. China's policy was not simply to de prive a person of drugs, but to replace the need for narcotics with a forceful, national commitment. Equally signifi cant, the former addict was fully ac cepted back into Chinese life without official stigma or prejudice.

Naturally, many questions have to be answered about the total success of the Chinese experience. Is there an addict population living in labor camps or prisons because of failure to re habilitate? Do the rehabilitated addicts all function as useful members of Chi nese society? To what extent would addiction be a problem in China if its internal and border controls were less stringent? Does traditional Chinese medicine offer useful ideas about ad diction treatment?

---

Wikipedia puts the census count in 1950 at 546,815,000, and a quarter of that is 136,703,750. So about that many people saved from opium addiction by the Communists.

I wonder if that's the reason the West wants to focus so much on the famine.

[taiwanexpoindia]

Taiwan Expo India 2024: Premier Innovation Showcase at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi

The Taiwan Expo India 2024 is set to be a landmark event, marking its return to New Delhi with a grand showcase of technological advancements and cultural richness from Taiwan. Scheduled from July 8 to July 10, 2024, at the iconic Pragati Maidan, this expo aims to foster stronger economic ties and collaboration between Taiwan and India. Organized by the Taiwan External Trade Development Council (TAITRA), along with the International Trade Administration (TITA) and the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA), the expo promises to be a dynamic platform for innovation, trade, and cultural exchange.

Dates: July 8-10, 2024 Location: Pragati Maidan,Hall no 2(Entry Gate 4), New Delhi

Key Themes and Pavilions

The Taiwan Expo 2024 will feature five central themes, each highlighting Taiwan’s expertise and innovative spirit across various sectors:

Smart Manufacturing: This pavilion will showcase Taiwan’s advanced manufacturing technologies, which are integral to industries worldwide. Expect to see demonstrations of automation, robotics, and cutting-edge machinery designed to enhance efficiency and productivity in manufacturing processes.

Smart City: As cities around the world evolve into smarter, more connected ecosystems, Taiwan is at the forefront with its smart city solutions. The Smart City pavilion will present technologies that contribute to sustainable urban development, including smart transportation systems, energy management, and IoT (Internet of Things) applications.

Smart Lifestyle: Taiwan’s innovations extend into everyday life, improving how we live and interact with technology. The Smart Lifestyle pavilion will feature products that enhance quality of life, from smart home devices to consumer electronics and health and wellness innovations.

Wellness Fiesta: Health and wellness are critical components of a balanced lifestyle. This theme will focus on Taiwan's contributions to medical devices, personal care, and health-related technologies, highlighting products that promote well-being and healthy living.

Green Innovations: Reflecting Taiwan’s commitment to environmental sustainability, the Green Innovations pavilion will display eco-friendly technologies and solutions aimed at reducing carbon footprints and fostering a greener planet. This includes renewable energy technologies, green materials, and sustainable practices.

Explore Taiwan's cutting-edge technology and innovative solutions at the Taiwan Expo India 2024. This event will feature over 110 exhibitors across 160 booths, showcasing advancements in smart manufacturing, green innovations, and more. Join us at Pragati Maidan for a unique opportunity to discover Taiwan's contributions to modern technology and culture. Don’t miss out on engaging with top industry leaders and experiencing Taiwan’s rich cultural heritage!

[religion-is-a-mental-illness]

By: Alejandro Sanchez

Published: May 22, 2024

Following the Worldwide Day of Genital Autonomy earlier this month, Dr Alejandro Sanchez notes that while child rights continue to progress, boys at risk of non-therapeutic circumcision are being left behind.

Tuesday, May 7, marked the 12th annual Worldwide Day of Genital Autonomy (WWDOGA). WWDOGA commemorates the anniversary of a landmark ruling of Cologne's Landgericht (Court of Appeal), which on May 7 2012 held that religious circumcision of boys amounted to criminal battery.

The ruling was, unfortunately, not to last. Unwilling to be the only jurisdiction in the world to outlaw non-therapeutic circumcision (NTMC), the Bundestag, Germany's parliament, passed a resolution to explicitly legalise the practice. This was despite "the constitutionally protected legal positions of the well-being of the child, the right to bodily integrity, [and] the right to religious freedom".

Nevertheless, the ruling makes Cologne in some sense the spiritual vanguard of the genital autonomy movement.

Each year in the city, WWDOGA brings together doctors, lawyers and child rights advocates from across the globe to process through the streets in opposition to all forms of non-therapeutic childhood genital cutting: female genital mutilation (FGM), circumcision and intersex cutting. The day culminates in speeches in the old town square.

This year, Rubine Singh, of Cologne's intersex support group baraka, shared a moving story of being born intersex in India and being spared unnecessary genital surgery.

"I stand here today as a happy and lucky intersex person", Rubine said, adding: "I want to live in a world where it is not a matter of luck whether you face the knife."

Lilith Raza, of Germany's Lesbian and Gay Federation+, powerfully recounted being subjected to NTMC at the age of five without anaesthesia and pinned down by four people

For me, WWODGA serves as an opportunity to take stock on our work to end non-consensual religious and cultural circumcision. As I mentioned in my speech, it's been a busy year for the NSS on this front: We've lobbied MPs, met with medical organisations, made the case against circumcision before the UN Human Rights Committee in Geneva, and recruited prominent voices in cutting communities to support our campaign.

It also represents a chance to think about opportunities that lie ahead.

The Royal College of Paediatrics and Children's Health takes a permissive stance on NTMC. It defers to General Medical Council guidance which not only greenlights circumcision, but permits parents to "invite their religious adviser to be present during the procedure to give advice on how it should be performed to meet the requirements of their faith." (The mind boggles.)

However, the College's recent call for a legislative ban on "smacking, hitting, and slapping" a child will put its stance on NTMC to the test. Readers will reach their own conclusions on the wisdom of such a ban, but it would seem absurd to support criminalising a smack on the bottom while defending the 'right' to cut off part of a child's penis.

Meanwhile, Scotland has become the first nation in the UK to incorporate the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) into domestic law. The UNCRC Act, due to come into force in July, will impose a duty on public bodies to act compatibly with the Convention.

Statutory guidance on the Act recognises "childhood is a special time which must have additional protections" and sets out a vision to make Scotland "the best place in the world to grow up". This vision is to be underpinned by the four 'General Principles' of the UNCRC: non-discrimination, the best interests of the child, the child's right to life and the child's right to be heard.

This is to be commended. There is, however, one snag: Scotland is also the only UK nation to provide ritual circumcision on its NHS. How will Bute House reconcile its lofty language on child rights with a state-sanctioned programme of infant genital cutting that nakedly violates all four General Principles?

For a solution, they need look no further than the 2016 recommendation of the Committee that oversees the CRC: "Ensure that no one is subjected to unnecessary medical or surgical treatment during infancy or childhood" and "guarantee bodily integrity, autonomy and self-determination to children concerned".

It is telling that in response the Scottish government laid out strategies to end FGM and intersex cutting, but remained silent on NTMC. The head in the sand approach is a tried-and-true one, and it's easy to feel that nothing will ever change.

As I said at WWDOGA, when it comes to circumcision: "the task is daunting and progress is slow, but we won't give up."

==

[emirates23]

Exploring Nursing Opportunities Abroad: Top Countries for Indian Nurses

Nursing is one of the most in-demand jobs inside and outside India. A profession that is in most demand in GCC countries for Indians is the nursing job. For Indian nurses, who are looking to broaden their horizons, many countries are waiting with promising career opportunities. If you are a skilled nurse and have multilingual capabilities then wide opportunities will be there. The overseas opportunities will give you high pay as well as a high-standard working environment. The respect for nurses outside India is much higher than inside India. Nurses are being recruited through top nursing consultancy in Kerala and here is a list of the top countries that offer promising careers.  

Five top countries that offer promising nursing career

United Arab Emirates: Dubai which is an opulent city right due to cultural and development richness hires nurses from India. A large part of nurses who work in Dubai are Indian and they a decent pay but not much higher than European and American countries. But the most attractive feature of Dubai is that the nurses can take their entire income to their homeland since there are no taxes. In Dubai, there are many world-class hospitals, medical centers, and clinics that offer good employment prospects for Indian and other nationalities. 

Saudi Arabia: In Saudi Arabia, there are a plethora of job opportunities for nurses in both the private and Government sectors. They offer good pay, accommodation facilities and also travel allowances. Saudi Arabia is one of the largest nations in GCC countries and also the pilgrimage place for Muslims, the demand for medical facilities is very high. The demand for trained professionals especially from India is of high demand in Saudi. However, finding the right opportunity is a bit challenging since there is a high scam in the field of recruitment. 

Canada: Canada is a country that offers a healthcare system with the highest standard. This country is facing staff shortages and is now actively recruiting nurses worldwide. The high-quality life and the welcoming stances towards immigrants make Canada an excellent choice for nurses. The medical facilities and education are completely free for immigrants. 

Australia: Australia's flourishing healthcare industry and stunning landscapes attract nurses worldwide. With modern facilities and advanced technology, nurses can work efficiently. During leisure time, they can explore the country's picturesque natural environment. Competitive salaries and excellent benefits make it a lucrative career option. To work as a nurse in Australia, one must register with the AHPRA (Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency) and pass English language proficiency tests.

United States of America (USA): The USA boasts a robust healthcare system with a significant demand for skilled nurses across various specialties. Indian nurses aspiring to work in the USA can pursue opportunities through programs like the H-1B visa for skilled workers or the EB-3 visa for professionals with tertiary education. Opportunities exist in hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities, and community health settings throughout the country.

United Kingdom (UK): With its National Health Service (NHS), the UK offers extensive opportunities for Indian nurses to work in both public and private healthcare sectors. The UK's Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) oversees the registration process for international nurses, which includes passing the Occupational English Test (OET) or International English Language Testing System (IELTS) and meeting other requirements. Work settings range from hospitals and nursing homes to community healthcare centers.

Conclusion

If you are planning for an overseas nursing job, first research the rules and regulations for immigrants. Based on it decide which country is most suitable for you. There will be medical tests, mandatory examinations, and other verifications for each country. It is better to connect with any nursing consultancy in Kerala before you plan to move, they will guide you through the process and also provide you with data regarding the recruitment.