What is the current application range of high-end display technology OLED?
OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode), also known as organic electric laser display, organic light-emitting semiconductor (Organic Electroluminescence Display, OLED). OLED belongs to a current-type organic light-emitting device, which is a phenomenon of luminescence caused by the injection and recombination of carriers, and the luminous intensity is proportional to the injected current. Under the action of the electric field, the holes generated by the anode and the electrons generated by the cathode will move, injected into the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer, respectively, and migrate to the light-emitting layer. When the two meet in the light-emitting layer, energy excitons are generated, thereby exciting the light-emitting molecules and finally producing visible light. Application field Because OLED has many advantages, OLED technology has a wider range of applications than LCD technology, and can be extended to the field of electronic products, business, transportation, industrial control, and medical fields. In recent years, major international enterprises They are constantly strengthening the research on OLED technology, and OLED technology will be further improved.
In the commercial field, small-sized OLED screens can be installed in POS machines, copiers, and ATM machines. Due to the characteristics of bendable, thin, and strong anti-aging properties, OLED screens are both beautiful and practical. The large screen can be used as a business publicity screen, and can also be used as an advertisement placement screen in stations and airports. This is because the OLED screen has a wide viewing angle, high brightness, and bright colors, and the visual effect is much better than the LCD screen.
In the field of electronic products, OLED is the most widely used in smartphones, followed by notebooks, displays, TVs, tablets, digital cameras and other fields. Because OLED displays are more colorful and can adjust colors (different display modes), Therefore, it is very widely used in practical applications, especially today's curved TVs, which are widely praised by the masses. It is necessary to mention a little VR technology here. The LCD screen has a very serious smear when watching VR equipment, but it will be alleviated a lot in the OLED screen. This is because the OLED screen is to light up light molecules, and the liquid crystal is the flow of light liquid.
Therefore, in 2016, the OLED screen officially surpassed the LCD screen and became the new darling of the mobile phone industry. In the field of transportation, OLEDs are mainly used for ships, aircraft instruments, GPS, video phones, car display screens, etc., and are mainly small in size. These fields mainly focus on the wide viewing angle performance of OLEDs, which can be clearly seen even if you do not look directly. When it comes to screen content, LCD is not. In the industrial field, my country's industry is developing in the direction of automation and intelligence, and more and more intelligent operating systems are introduced, which has more demands on the screen. OLED has a wider range of applications than LCD, both in touch-screen displays and viewing displays. In the medical field, the influence of medical diagnosis and the monitoring of surgical screens are inseparable from the screen. In order to meet the wide field of vision requirements of medical displays, OLED screens are the "best choice".
It can be seen that the development space of OLED display is very high, and the market potential is huge. However, compared with LCD screens, OLED manufacturing technology is not mature enough. Due to the low mass production rate and high cost, only some high-end devices in the market will use top-level OLED screens. However, judging from the data in the first half of 2017, various manufacturers have increased their research investment in OLED technology, and many mid-range electronic products in my country have applied OLED displays. From the perspective of the mobile phone industry, since 2015, the application ratio of OLED screens has increased year by year. Although there are still not as many LCD products, high-end smart phones have adopted the most advanced OLED screens. Therefore, the development of electronic products such as smart phones is bound to increase. Further promote the development of OLED. Development trend 1. It can really take advantage of OLED technology and still focus on AMOLED applications. PMOLED is simpler than AMOLED in terms of the structure and composition of its components. It has the manufacturing advantage of mass production and low cost. It is also the earliest mass production of OLED for display applications. product form.
PMOLED is suitable for display screen applications of mobile phones, especially for small panel applications where the amount of information displayed is not high, and the mass production cost is relatively low. However, when the main application products are increasingly turning to the application direction of high color, large size and fast display, PMOLED is obviously unable to meet the new demands in terms of technical conditions. But the real advantage of OLED technology is still dominated by AMOLED applications, especially in the field of display applications.
2. Flexible AMOLED can be applied AMOLED has flexible structure, so it also has the conditions to introduce e-ink electronic paper application.
3. The development of energy-saving light source OLED has become a global trend. The material characteristics of OLED not only amaze display manufacturers, but also interest lamp and light source manufacturers, such as Philips, Osram and other lamp manufacturers, because of the self-luminous characteristics of OLED. Try to invest in related research and development. In 2022, the first fully 3D printed flexible OLED display will come out. The following are several types of OLEDs: passive matrix OLEDs, active matrix OLEDs, transparent OLEDs, top emission OLEDs, foldable OLEDs, white light OLEDs, etc. Each OLED has its own unique use. Next, we will discuss these types of OLEDs one by one. The first is passive matrix and active matrix OLEDs. Passive Matrix OLEDs (PMOLEDs) PMOLEDs have a cathode strip, an organic layer, and an anode strip. The anode and cathode strips are perpendicular to each other. The intersection of the cathode and the anode forms the pixel, which is where the light is emitted. An external circuit applies current to selected cathode and anode strips to determine which pixels emit light and which do not. In addition, the brightness of each pixel is proportional to the magnitude of the applied current.
PMOLEDs are easy to manufacture, but they consume more power than other types of OLEDs, mainly because they require external circuitry. PMOLEDs are most efficient when used to display text and icons, and are suitable for making small screens (2-3 inches diagonal), such as those often found on mobile phones, PDAs, and MP3 players. Even with an external circuit, passive matrix OLEDs consume less power than the LCDs currently used in these devices. Active Matrix OLED (AMOLED) AMOLED has a complete cathode layer, organic molecular layer, and anode layer, but the anode layer is covered with an array of thin film transistors (TFT), forming a matrix. The TFT array itself is a circuit that determines which pixels emit light, which in turn determines the composition of the image.
AMOLED consumes less power than PMOLED because the TFT array requires less power than external circuits, so AMOLED is suitable for large displays. AMOLED also has a higher refresh rate and is suitable for displaying video. The best uses for AMOLED are computer monitors, large-screen TVs, and electronic signboards or signboards. Transparent OLEDs Transparent OLEDs have only transparent components (base layer, anode, cathode) and can be up to 85% of the transparency of the base layer when not emitting light. When the transparent OLED display is powered, light can pass in both directions. Transparent OLED displays can use either passive or active matrices. This technology can be used to make head-up displays that are often used in aircraft.
Top-emitting OLEDs have an opaque or reflective base layer. They are best suited for active matrix designs. Manufacturers can make smart cards using top-emitting OLED displays.
Foldable OLED The base layer of foldable OLED is made of metal foil or plastic that is very flexible. Foldable OLEDs are lightweight and extremely durable. They can be used in devices such as mobile phones and handheld computers, and can effectively reduce the rate of device breakage, which is a major incentive for returns and repairs. In the future, foldable OLEDs may be sewn into fibers to make a very "smart" clothing. For example, future field survival clothing can integrate computer chips, mobile phones, GPS receivers and OLED displays. Get up and sew it inside the garment. White light OLED White light OLED emits white light with higher brightness, balance and energy efficiency than the white light emitted by fluorescent lamps. White OLED also has the true color characteristics of incandescent lighting. We can make OLEDs in large-area flakes, so OLEDs can replace the current fluorescent lamps used in homes and buildings. In the future, the use of OLEDs is expected to reduce the energy consumption required for lighting.
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