#Justice for marie antoinette

[marianadecarlos]

That heartbreaking 😭😭 I can't imagine Marie Antoinette seeing her friends severed head.

Marie Thérèse Louise Savoie, the princesse de Lamballe, was murdered on September 3rd, 1792 during the violence of the September Massacres.

She was brought before a temporary tribunal, where she was asked to swear an oath to liberty and equality and to swear against Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. It is believed that she refused to swear the oath against the king and queen, as it was “not in her heart.” She was condemned, then released outside to a waiting crowd, where she was murdered.

Her head was cut off and displayed on pike outside the Temple Tower, in the hopes of forcing the imprisoned Marie Antoinette to look upon the decapitated head of her murdered friend and favorite.

[ullaiin]

hydro archon design! i love making designs for unreleased genshin characters lol, will prob post my designs for the harbingers before they came out too

[funkopersonal]

Here's your daily reminder that...

Jews are only 0.2% of the worlds population but...

Jews make up 14% of the World Total and 38% of the United States of America total winners for the Nobel Prize for Literature (source).

Of the 965 individual recipients of the Nobel Prize and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences between 1901 and 2023, at least 214 have been Jews or people with at least one Jewish parent, representing 22% of all recipients. (source)

Jews make up 14% of the total winners of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 18% of the total winners of the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry; 53% of the total winners of the Pulitzer Prize for Non-Fiction (source).

Jews make up 39% of the total winners of the Antoinette Perry (Tony) Award for Best Play; 54% of the total winners of the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical (with 62% of all Composers and 66% of all Lyricists of Best Musical-winning productions being Jewish) (source).

Jews make up 40% of the total winners of the Academy Award (Oscar) for Best Original Screenplay; and 34% of the total winners of the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay (source).

Although Jews constitute only 3% of the U.S. population...

80% of the nation’s professional comedians are Jewish (source).

90% of American comic book creators are jewish (source)

38% of the recipients of the United States National Medal of Science are Jewish (Source).

Jews are very successful, with educational levels higher than all other U.S. ethnic groups with the exception of Asian Americans, and income levels the highest of all groups. Six out of ten Jewish adults have college degrees, and 41% of Jewish families report a household income of $75,000 or more” (source)

Jews are a minority across the globe. We've been historically opressed and hated. But these key figures from history are all Jewish and loved, yet many don't even know they're jewish (or they don't know these people in the first place!):

Stan Lee (birth name: Stanley Martin Lieber) - An American comic book writer and editor, Former executive vice president and publisher of marvel Comics, creator of iron-man, spider-man, and more.

Albert Einstein - a Theoretical physicist, Received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics, developed the theory of relativity and the "worlds most famous equation"  (E = mc^2), and more.

Ruth Bader Ginsburg - Former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, co-authored the initial law school casebook on sex discrimination, co-founded the Women’s Rights Project at the ACLU in 1972, and more.

Jack Kirby (birth name: Jacob Kurtzberg) - an American comic book artist, co-creator of Captain America, one of the most influential comic book artists

Harry Houdini (birth name: Erich Weisz) - a Hungarian-American escape artist, illusionist, and stunt performer, noted for his escape acts.

Emma Lazarus - An American author remembered for her sonnet "The New Colossus," Inspired by The Statue of Liberty and inscribed on its pedestal as of 1903.

Julius Rosenthal, Lillian Wald, Rabbi Emil G. Hirsch, Stephen Wise, and Henry Moskowitz - Jewish activists that helped form the NAACP along with W.E.B. Dubois, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, and Mary Church Terrell.

Mark Zuckerberg - Founder and CEO of Meta, a businessman who co-founded the social media service Facebook, and within four years became the world’s youngest self-made billionaire Harvard alumni.

Joseph Pulitzer - a politician and newspaper publisher, his endowment to the Columbia University established the Pulitzer Prizes in 1917, he founded the Columbia School of Journalism which opened in 1912.

Jacob William Davis - a Latvian tailor who is credited with inventing modern jeans and who worked with Levi Strauss to patent and mass-produce them, died.

Irving Berlin - drafted at age 30 to write morale-boosting songs for military revues (including “God Bless America”). Many Berlin songs remained popular for decades, including “Puttin’ on the Ritz,” “Cheek to Cheek,” “Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better),” “There’s No Business Like Show Business,” and two celebrating Christian holidays: “White Christmas” and “Easter Parade.”

Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel - received his doctorate in Berlin. He was arrested by the Nazis in 1938, moved to the U.S. in 1940, and became an influential figure in the 1960s, marching with the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. in Selma, Alabama, and speaking out against the Vietnam War.

Elie Wiesel - Romanian-American writer and professor, holocaust survivor, nobel laureate, political activist. Authored 57 books including Night, a work based on his experiences as a Jewish prisoner in the Auschwitz and Buchenwald concentration camps

Bob Dylan - an icon of folk, rock and protest music, won the Nobel Prize in literature for his complex and poetic lyrics.

J. Robert Oppenheimer - ran the Manhattan Project, considered the "father of the atomic Bomb," presented with the Enrico Fermi Award by President Lyndon Johnson.

Betty Friedan - co-founded the National Organization of Women and became its first president, wrote The Feminine Mystique (1963) and helped spark the second wave of feminism.

Gloria Steinem - one of the most prominent feminists of all time, launched Ms. Magazine and co-founded the National Women’s Political Caucus with Bella Abzug, Shirley Chisholm, Betty Friedan and Myrlie Evers-Williams, widow of Medgar Evers.

Sergey Brin - an American businessman best known for co-founding Google with Larry Page, president of Alphabet Inc.

Judith Heumann - a founder of the disability rights movement, led a 26-day sit-in at a federal building in San Francisco. The protest spurred implementation of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, a precursor to the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Larry Kramer - co-founded Gay Men’s Health Crisis in response to the AIDS epidemic but was soon ousted over his confrontational activism. He went on to help launch a more strident group, ACT UP, and wrote a critically acclaimed play, The Normal Heart, about the early AIDS years in New York City.

Steven Spielberg - released his critically acclaimed epic film Schindler’s List, based on the true story of a German industrialist who saved Jews during the Holocaust. The movie won seven Oscars and led Spielberg to launch the Shoah Foundation at the University of Southern California, which filmed interviews with 52,000 survivors of the Holocaust and genocides in Nanjing and Rwanda.

Calvin Klein - made designer jeans and the infamous ad starring Brooke Shields revolutionized the fashion industry, sold his company to Phillips-Van Heusen (now PVH) for $430 million. Klein was the first designer to win three consecutive Coty Awards for womenswear.

Daveed Diggs - an American actor, rapper, and singer-songwriter. he originated the dual roles of Marquis de Lafayette and Thomas Jefferson in the musical Hamilton, for which he won a 2016 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Featured Role in a Musical. Along with the main cast of Hamilton, he was awarded a Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album in the same year.

And so much more. (a pretty decent list is available here)

Not only that, but the following are all Jewish inventions...

The Teddy Bear - made by Morris and Rose Michtom in honor of Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt.

The Ballpoint Pen - *the first commercially sucessfull ballpoint pen was made by Lazlo Biro, a Hungarian-Jew, and his brother.

Mobile Phones - made by Martin Cooper, nicknamed the "father of the cellphone", and was born in Chicago to Ukrainian Jewish immigrants.

The Barbie - made by Ruth Marianna Handler, born to Polish-Jewish immigrants.

Power Rangers - made by Haim Saban, a Jewish-Egyptian

Video Games - made by Ralph Baer, a German-Jew

Peeps - made by Sam Born, a Russian-Jewish immigrants who came to the United States in 1909.

Cards Against Humanity - created by a group of Jewish boys from the same high school

Many Superheroes including Superman, Ironman, spider-man, batman, and more!

and more! (an illustrated list available here.)

Conclusion: If you're Jewish, be proud. You come from a long line of successful people. No matter what happened to them, Jews persevered, and they strived for sucess. Be proud of your culture, your history, these are your people. You're Jewish.

(feel free to reblog and add more, or just comment and i'll add it!)

Last Updated: June 25, 1:35 AM EST

[vivmaek]

THE PLUTO IN SAGITTARIUS GENERATION Born at the start of Globalization, November 10, 1995 - January 25, 2008

I’ve been talking a lot of shit on here about the Pluto in Sagittarius generation. And while I still think my irritations are justified (lol,) I gotta make it up by doing a complete breakdown. After all, this is the generation I belong to. 

1995: NASA's Galileo spacecraft arrives at Jupiter

With Pluto in Sagittarius, this is a generation full of creatives, visionaries, academics, philosophers and rebels. We’re all about big ideas and moral philosophy. We’ve had the internet within our fingertips our entire lives, an unlimited database of knowledge and social interconnectivity.

We have a lot in common with the Pluto in Leo generation (Baby Boomers,) being that both generations are ruled by fire signs. However what differentiates us is that the Pluto in Leo generation is focused on the self (Sun,) and the Pluto in Sagittarius generation is focused on the collective (Jupiter.) We project a sense of optimism despite having such large ambitions. This will serve as an inspiration for future generations. 

Most of us have parents belonging to the Pluto in the Libra Generation. They raised us with values centered on equality and justice. 

We grew up amongst explosive world events: First Internet Meme (1996), Google (1998), Columbine (1998), The Second Congo War (1998), Kosovo Genocide (1999), Launch of International Space Station (2000), 9/11 (2001), Invasion of Iraq (2003), Darfur (2003), Boxing Day Tsunami (2004), Facebook (2004), London Bombings (2005), iPhone (2007), America's first black President (2008), Global Economic Downturn (2008).

Pluto in Capricorn frames our coming of age story. Our teenage years were harsh and depressing. It was an isolating experience that did not involve much fun. For many people born with a Sagittarius Pluto, their adolescence is defined by a Global Pandemic in which all movement was restricted. These years also put into focus old frameworks that must be destroyed and cast aside.

The Pluto In Scorpio Generation is coming through and uprooting all these frameworks before passing the torch onto us. We will be the ones to come up with blueprints for new ideologies and ways of thinking. We’re aiming forward and casting an arrow for future generations to follow. 

Past events that occurred while Pluto was in Sagittarius: The Burning of the Library of Alexandria (272), first novel published in Japan (1010), Sorbonne founded (1257), first use of eyeglasses (1268), Columbus sets sail (1502), the birth of Nostradamus (1503), invention of sign language (1749), the first encyclopedia (1751).  

Past figures born while Pluto was in Sagittarius: Constantine I (272), Dante Aligheri (1265), Goethe (1749), James Madison (1751), Alexander Hamilton (1755), Marie Antoinette (1755), Mozart (1756,) William Blake (1757), Robespierre (1758).

[nesiacha]

The political career of the revolutionary Antonelle Pierre-Antoine, close to Felix Lepeletier

Presumed portrait of Pierre Antoine Antonelle

This revolutionary was born in Arles in 1747. As a marquis, he published between 1788 and 1789 "le Catéchisme du Tiers État, à l’usage de toutes les provinces de France, et spécialement de la Provence ." He did not succeed as an officer, due to a lack of both will and ability. Instead, he preferred reading philosophy and mathematics treatises, according to Pierre Serna. He managed to become the first mayor of Arles in 1790.

Antonelle founded a Jacobin society, affiliated with Paris, and opposed Monseigneur de Lau (who was killed during the September massacres). Antonelle supported the common people, while Monseigneur de Lau, despite being attracted to Enlightenment ideas, opposed the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. Antonelle was elected to the Legislative Assembly in 1791 and became a legislative commissioner for the Army of the Center in 1792.

In the autumn of 1792, he gained further importance by being elected as a juror at the Revolutionary Tribunal. He was apparently an alternate who did not participate in Marie Antoinette's trial. Contrary to what Wikipedia claims, he was harsh with Marie Antoinette, although he did not believe the infamous rumors about her son. According to Pierre Serna, Antonelle acted this way because, in his view, one could not build a new world on the revolution without destroying the old roots of the Ancien Régime. However, he declared himself insufficiently informed during the trial of the Girondins. He was imprisoned in May 1794 but was released immediately after the 9th Thermidor.

The Directory was a great disappointment for Antonelle. While Robespierre was nicknamed "the Incorruptible," Antonelle was called "the Invariable," according to Pierre Serna. He maintained a lifelong friendship with Felix Lepeletier, despite a later divergence between them. Involved in the Conspiracy of Equals, he was tried during the Babouvist trial. Apparently, one of the reasons many were spared (except Darthé and Babeuf) was due to Antonelle's strategy. Here is an excerpt from Pierre Serna: "He participated in the Vendôme trial against Babeuf’s accomplices and played a key role in saving almost all of the defendants." According to Serna, for Antonelle, there should be no more martyrs, or at least no more forced uprisings of this kind. He believed in fighting the Directory from within, through elections.

He helped the majority of the Directory's directors on the eve of the coup d'état of 18 Fructidor, Year V, by publishing the newspaper Le Démocrate Constitutionnel to call on the suburbs to fight against the royalists. His election to the Council of Five Hundred in 1799 was annulled due to irregularities, namely his affiliation with the Jacobins.

He quickly sensed the danger of Bonaparte, as it matched the fears of a general too ambitious, who would definitively end the Revolution. The consequences of the Saint-Nicaise Street attack and the terrible repression of the Jacobins led to his expulsion from France. Later, when he returned to France, he was placed under surveillance, although he fared better than his friend Felix Lepeletier, who was temporarily deported. Other Jacobins were executed in what was, in Antonelle’s view, an even worse parody of justice than under the First Republic (particularly because of the use of torture). Many other Jacobins were deported, and half of them died in exile.

He lived in retirement in Arles, continuing his philanthropic activities, becoming beloved by the local population for his generous donations. Despite his reputation as a "priest-eater," he gave large sums of money to nuns in the Church so they could care for the poor. This reputation later saved his life. Antonelle had a political divergence with his friend Lepeletier. In fact, he rallied to the Restoration in 1814 in opposition to Bonaparte and published Le dernier rêve d’un vieillard . He accepted the restoration of Louis XVIII under one condition: that he respects civil equality, equal access to jobs for all, and civil liberties. This was criticized, but honestly, he had to choose between two monarchs (as the return of the monarchy was sealed the day Bonaparte crowned himself, let's not delude ourselves), one of whom had betrayed his entire political circle, executed many, caused a large number of deaths, and rolled back many achievements shortly after his coup d'état while proclaiming himself the savior of the Revolution. In comparison, one could criticize Louis XVIII, but he seemed more reasonable (we cannot say the same of Charles X, who had as much honor as he had intelligence, meaning none at all). I don't blame those who chose Bonaparte either, as they were desperate not to return under the Bourbons' yoke (it must have been a terrible dilemma for all honest republicans to choose between Bonaparte and Louis XVIII).

During the Second Restoration, he was hunted by royalists in Arles. However, being highly esteemed by the local population, especially the farmers , they hid him out of gratitude for his generosity toward them (according to Pierre Serna, the farmers owed a large debt to Antonelle, which he forget the debt after they saved his life).

Having inherited a significant fortune, he gave generously to the people of Arles, who only loved him more for it. When he died in 1817, a massive crowd reportedly attended his funeral. Here is another excerpt from Serna: "His burial led to a popular riot when the clergy refused to give him the last rites, provoking the anger of the common people of Arles. Even in death, Antonelle remained controversial."

In Arles, at 30 Rue de la Roquette, there is a hotel bearing his name, with a plaque in his honor.

Sources: Pierre Serna Jean Dautry

[darkbluekies]

King Edmund asks #2

Previous one

Concept: I've put multiple asks into one post to avoid too much loose posts on my account! This way, you have more to read too<3

Warnings: yandere

Hey there^^ I wanted to say that I’m sooo in love with your blog🙇‍♀️🙇‍♀️ Thanks for the hard work^^ I had a question about king Edmund. What if Edmund took darling to the meeting and he tried to convince the other king to give him recourses. But that king refuses and Edmund’s about to loose. And that’s the moment when darling joins the conversation and after some time the other king agrees(basically his darling knows politics and really smart).

[Thank you so much<3]

To be fair, this is a time where it isn't appropriate for women to be interested in politics, so he'd be shocked that you know so much. He'd also be a bit worried. If you're smart, that means that you'll stand against him easier. He'd rather have you cute and dumb.

"My love ... what are you doing? I mean ... thank you for saving me, but what the hell? How do you ...? Why do you ...?"

i was listening to music today and i realised that the song ‘The masochism tango’ by Tom Lehre reminds me sm of Edmund

I listened to it, I can see Edmund listening to it!!

What would yandere king do if he woke up in the morning to us gone again. He might panic and be mad again but it just turns out the reader was in the restroom

"Ah, you son of a bitch, Y/N, giving me a fucking heart attack at eight am! You better come back into bed and make up for that! What if my heart would have stopped, hm? The king could have died!"

It's no secret that Edmund is now.....not a favorite among the people, especially after the conflagration he arranged in the village. And for sure, some relatives of his devoted guardians ended their lives in the most painful way, this circumstance was the last cup of patience, but what darling takes advantage of this and plays the cards so that the hated king falls off the throne into the slums, thereby bringing justice to the people and yourself?

He will never let that happen. He refuses to let anyone take the power away from him. But if it does happen, he will get his revenge on you. You won't be leaving him whatever happens. So, would you rather be locked in him in a big castle where all of your needs are met ... or chained together with him in a ditch somewhere?

I would enjoy living in lavish paradise with Edmund but wouldn't want kids unless there furbabys/dogs/cats would Edmund be fine with this?

I mean ... he wouldn't have too much of a problem with it, but the country would. You need an heir. Edmund would try to convince you to have one ... even if you've made up your mind.

"We don't have to care for it", he says. "We can just birthed it and let maids take care of it. My parents did that to me and it worked."

You take one look at him and shake your head. "Over my dead body. I don't need another one of you."

"And what's that supposed to mean-"

When I think of the Edmund five I think of a Marie Antoinette vibe I really liked that time period.Most likely because of the indie movie I really liked that movie what do you think?

Hm, interesting thinking, i can see what you mean. For me it's more of a fairytale thing, like medeveal (?) but not at the same time? His timeline is quite timeless.

hi i want to tell you about this random thought I had, but what if edmund's darling was a noble and his fiance right from the start? what would change between their relationship?? and would it make a difference if the fiance only feel obligated and complied to care about him cuz of the arranged marriage?? thank you and have a great day/night‼️‼️‼️

He'd be more than thrilled because he wouldn't have to create that blood bath he planned, but his violence wouldn't end. He is a young man needing that spark in his life. For him, it wouldn't really matter why you were nice to him, as long as you were.

What would Edmund do if we don't like being pampered? As in like we don't want to wear jewelry or fancy clothes we just want to wear comfy clothes also we'd start crying and begging not to wear fancy clothes if he forced us

He'll try to pursuade you since his reputation is a big deal for him, but when your eyes become so red and puffy with tears and you can barely breathe, he'll give up. He'll embrace you, whispering that you won't have to wear the clothes often. Only on important events. His heart will ache at the feeling of your trembling body in his arms, but he knows that he can't give in too much, he's still a king who has his rules.

"Don't cry, my queen, everything has a solution. We just have to compromise. Wipe those tears and sit down in my lap so we can talk."

Edmund - *kills hundreds* Reader - >:( Edmund - I Uh- I love you? Reader - >:( *angrily happy*

aww haha itll be like that sometimes

——————————————————

Edmunds (or however you spell it) better gimme attention now or I'ma throw a tantrum.

Oh, don't you worry, his eyes are all on you. You have all the attention he can give a person. Now spin around and dance with him.

[youremyheaven]

Omg can we talk about how the transits right now are really similar to the start of the French Revolution?? (May 5th 1789)

Jupiter and Uranus were together in Cancer (formed an exact conjunction in June/July of that year in Pushya) (The Bastille was stormed in July 1789)

Jupiter and Uranus are together right now in Krittika (formed an exact conjunction last month in Krittika in Aries) Saturn was in Purva Bhadrapada then and has just entered Purva Bhadrapada last month. Neptune was opposite Mars (Neptune was in Chitra and Mars in Revati) and Neptune and Mars are currently together in Uttara Bhadrapada they formed an exact conjunction around a week and a half ago. Sun and Venus were both in Bharani as they are right now. (Really close in degrees too) Pluto was in Capricorn (Dhanishtha) then and is in Capricorn now (Uttara Ashada) Rahu was in Scorpio (Anuradha) and is now in Pisces (Revati) - both water signs and Ketu therefore in an earth sign (Krittika & Hasta)

OMG 😲😲

i feel like there's been a general sense of unease with the elites/capitalism/the system/work etc for a while now and as gen z has entered the work force and made their discontent with the system known, the masses en large are waking up to the truth of how fkn awful everything is and how its designed to make the rich richer and keep the rest of us where we are, toiling for little rewards. the global economy is shit rn as well so the stage is well set for a french revolution esque scenario bc the people have had enough!!! not to forget how marie antoinette's bourgeoise elitism cost her her head and we're all increasingly annoyed with rich people and them flaunting their wealth,,, like its no longer fun or cute, even red carpets and pop culture has lost its sheen and now just seem dull as fuck given the reality of the world we live in.

the veil is thin rn and everybody has a bird's eye view of how screwed things are and honestly??? i truly believe our generation will be the ones who overhaul things and that major systemic shifts will occur shortly that drastically alter the way we live our lives

Bharani nakshatra is strongly tied to themes of karma and justice, Purvabhadrapada points to intense and painful transformation, Krittika is cutting off bad ties

ITS ALL ADDING UP <33

[usergreenpixel]

JACOBIN FICTION CONVENTION MEETING 39: ONE FOR ALL (2007)

1. The Introduction

Hello, Citizens! I’m back at it again, reviewing Frev media! Hope you’re happy to see me again in action!

Anyway, today we have an obscure book. A book I found by accident while looking for any media featuring people of color during Frev — which is an overlooked angle in my opinion.

I found this book on Goodreads and, unfortunately, it can only be purchased through Amazon so far… so I had to make an order and wait for the shipping to arrive. Let’s see if the money and the waiting were worth it though!

This review is dedicated to @saint-jussy , @revolutionarywig , @michel-feuilly , @theorahsart and @lanterne .

2. The Summary

I had to “borrow” the summary from the Amazon page, because it includes some… INTERESTING details:

"In the bloody chaos of the French Revolution an exceptional man comes of age: Alexandre -romantic, intelligent, immensely strong, son of a slave-owning Count and his Haitian first wife.

He accidentally discovers the guilty secret of his new stepmother and her vicious brother. They conspire to destroy him. Cast out by his father, Alexandre is befriended by Chevalier de Saint-George - France's greatest swordsman, Marie-Antoinette’s lover - and falls in love with hot-tempered Marie Labouret.

When Saint-George is wounded helping the Royal Family escape, Alexandre leads the Free American Legion - 1,000 Black lancers - in a brave defence of the Republic against the invading Royalist armies. In ONE FOR ALL the most extraordinary people and amazing events are actual historical fact. Alexandre's son, world-renowned author Alexandre Dumas, found inspiration in the adventures of his father and his father's friend - the Black originals of the much loved characters Porthos and D'Artagnan in THE THREE MUSKETEERS."

I already see a few questionable choices done by the author, but let’s not judge the book too harshly just yet and proceed with the review! I do, personally, love a good swashbuckling story, so it might be a good piece of fiction despite the inaccuracies.

Just put a pin on the “inspired by true events” tidbit included on the cover. You’re going to need to remember this.

3. The Story

I do think that the book has a good prologue, showing Alexandre’s carefree childhood with his parents, where he is a typical child who pulls pranks and doesn’t want to adhere to rules yet. It does a good job of setting up the backstory of the character.

The story proper, I feel, is also doing a good job introducing the characters, especially the stepmother and the step uncle (more on them later). The pacing is also quite good, for the most part, although I really wasn’t that able to turn off my brain and ignore the numerous historical liberties taken by the authors.

Perhaps it would have been better to just make a book about fictional characters instead of the historical ones, but hey. We have what we have.

Also, I didn’t like the fact that the main two villains of the story sometimes lack motivation to do all the shit they pull in the book. As if they are Disney villains whose only trait is “evil”.

For example, the stepmother wants Alexandre cast out so his father doesn’t have him as heir. Pretty standard plotting for an “evil stepmother” type of character, but I occasionally got the feeling that she was only doing it for the evils, even when Alexandre’s father dies and she still attempts to murder her stepson, even though now she has the inheritance she wanted and technically doesn’t need to bother herself with Alexandre’s existence anymore.

But I guess villains just can’t chill out, can they?

Mostly, however, the adventures were quite interesting to follow and I did finish the book in one sitting.

4. The Characters

I do like Alexandre, although at times he seems a bit too idealized in the book. He is kind, brave and chivalrous, just trying to achieve justice and take back the inheritance that is rightfully his.

His stepmother, referred to as “the Countess” in the book, is a standard issue evil stepmother, similar to Madame de Villefort from “The Count of Monte Cristo”. Honestly, the authors do a pretty good job of portraying a vile aristo snake that you just want to see destroyed.

Her brother, de Malpas, is just as evil, and is even incestuous with his sister. As if those two weren’t gross enough. He also murders people left and right for fun, so there’s that.

Chevalier de Saint-George is a character I also liked. He is kind of like a mentor and a brother to Alexandre, and they have a sweet friendship going on!

Marie Labouret is an independent and fierce young woman, but she didn’t seem too modern for the most part.

I couldn’t care less for Alexandre’s father, though. Or rather sperm donor. When the Countess accused her stepson of unspeakable things, this ass immediately through Alexandre out and didn’t even bother to investigate the issue even AFTER the fact. Father of the Year, everybody!!!

5. The Setting

As I mentioned, there are inaccuracies and creative liberties. MANY OF THOSE. That being said, I was pleasantly surprised that the setting wasn’t too bad when it comes to portraying Frev.

There are mentions of mobs killing nobles, as usual, but it’s only mentioned by one character and so we don’t know if it’s true or not.

Also, both Alexandre and Saint-George are still republicans, despite the latter having romantic feelings for the Queen. So the authors at the very least are SOMEWHAT familiar with nuance.

6. The Writing

Sometimes the descriptions are lacking and sometimes the linguistic choices felt a bit too modern to me, but otherwise the writing was quite fine.

7. The Conclusion

All in all, this book is a hit in some ways and a miss in others. I don’t know why the authors twisted history so much when they could have made up their own characters, but the book was still a pretty enjoyable adventure and an interesting experiment.

Read at your own discretion, if you want, but I wouldn’t say I highly recommend it to everyone.

On this note, I declare the Jacobin Fiction Convention closed for now. Stay tuned for future updates!

Love,

Citizen Green Pixel

[scotianostra]

24th April 1558 saw Mary Queen of Scots marry the French Dauphin, François de Valois, at Notre Dame in Paris.

In 1548 five-year-old Mary was sent to her grandmother Antoinette of Guise in France, where her Scottish entourage was considered appallingly barbarous and swiftly got rid of, she was then brought up as a Catholic Frenchwoman.

French became her first language, she always called herself Marie Stuart and she loved dancing and hunting. She grew up delightfully charming, graceful and attractive, the French fell in love with her and Henry II of France resolved to marry her to his son and heir, the sickly dauphin Francis.

A marriage treaty was signed with the Scots, which provided that Scotland and France should eventually be united under Mary and Francis as one kingdom. There were also secret agreements, which the youthful and inexperienced Mary signed, that would have made Scotland a mere adjunct of France.

Mary was fifteen and Francis fourteen when they were married on this day in 1558, with spectacular pageantry and magnificence in the cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris, by the Cardinal Archbishop of Rouen, in the presence of Henry II, Queen Catherine de’ Medici, the princes and princesses of the blood and a glittering throng of cardinals and nobles.

The Duke of Guise was master of ceremonies. Mary in a white dress with a long train borne by two young girls, a diamond necklace and a golden coronet studded with jewels, was described by the courtier Pierre de Brantôme as ‘"a hundred times more beautiful than a goddess of heaven … her person alone was worth a kingdom.’ The wedding was followed by a procession past excited crowds in the Paris streets to a grand banquet in the Palais de Justice with dancing far into the night.

Mary became Queen of France when Henry II died the following year, but Francis died prematurely in 1560. Whether the marriage was ever consummated is uncertain. Mary’s mother also died in 1560 and it suited the French to send her back to Scotland and claim that she was the rightful queen of England as well.

She would eventually meet political and romantic disaster in Scotland, enduring years of imprisonment in England where, too dangerous a threat to Elizabeth’s throne, Mary was executed in 1587, at the age of forty-six.

[lyscot-blog]

Fontaine Spoiler: Neuvillette and The Incorruptible

Continuing on my previous post, thanks to @roseofthewind for providing me with the video titled, "Furina's Mental Health Deep Dive".

The video provides more comparison on Furina with Marie Antoinette and provide more analysis on the relationship story/personality wise. The similarity is undeniable.

However, now it makes me wonder. Is the separation of Fontaine from the Heavenly Principles mirrors that of the French Revolution?

It is a bit funny because now the context would be that Furina that is tied to the Heavenly Principles is no more while the Furina who is a commoner continues to live on. The Marie Antoinette of the Genshin story dies as a royal but lives as a commoner.

But lets have fun and take the comparison further. The coalition that consist of the Traveler (and Paimon), Neuvillette, Clorinde, Spina di Rosula (with Navia) and the Fatuis, are they the "Jacobins" of the Heavenly Principles revolution?

Then if we take the thought further. Is Neuvillette the "Robespierre" of the coalition? How far does the comparison goes?

Neuvillette and Maximilien "The Incorruptible" Robespierre has a few comparisons. Their careers of both are in the judicial system, Neuvillette being the Iudex or judge while Robespierre is a known lawyer. Neuvillette helped passed a law to give Melusine rights while Robespierre campaigned for voting rights on all men as well as fighting for the poor against the privileged. Furthermore, Robespierre nickname, "the Incorruptible" evident by his extreme resolve to ensure (his version of) equality and justice would not be wavered, to not bend. In my opinion, I would also describe Neuvillette as Incorruptible as well. Though he may seem cold and distant, he very much care about the people and Fontaine itself, to take matter to his own hands and to not waver under his judgement.

Like Marie Antoinette, Robespierre is also a polarizing figure. Some call him a monster while others see him as human who was trying his best. Similar to how people may see Neuvillette, a cold and unassuming judge, but in actuality, a very human mournful dragon.

It is interesting that with this comparison we get to see (The Genshin version of) Marie Antoinette and Robespierre working together to save Fontaine even if they're on the opposite ends of the revolution. Robespierre was responsible for the execution of Marie Antoinnette while Neuvillette plays a hand (unintentionally) and saw the execution of Focalor. Robespierre and Marie Antoinette are figures on the opposite side of history. But perhaps it is to show that although Furina and Neuvillette have different methods, principles and ideals to care for Fontaine. They both deeply care for Fontaine and will do whatever it takes to save it. Their sense of justice for Fontaine can never spill nor break.

The comparison is interesting to me, but I wonder if there's more for other characters or other plot points as well. I know that on certain points, I may be reaching. But I'm interested in further discussion on these comparisons.

[marianadecarlos]

Poor Marie Antoinette

Those people who made those accusations are vile.

They had gone too far 😡

If I did not reply it was because nature recoils from such an accusation against a mother. I appeal to all mothers who are present here!

–Marie Antoinette, upon being pressed at her trial to answer the accusation that she had sexually molested her son, Louis Charles; records and accounts of the trial note that she rose and spoke with an animated air, and that the court had to call the room to order after the crowd responded emotionally to her words

[howhow326]

Miraculous Ladybug Persona AU because why not!

Marinette

Associated Arcana: Fool (cuz duh), Justice (her main arcana when it's not fool), Magician? (she's good at arts and crafts, I guess)

Initial Persona: Joan of Arc (hands down, her persona, no argument)

Adrien

Associated Arcana: Emperor? (like reversed Emperor where he has no control over his life), Empress? (like reversed empress where he stopped enjoying life kind of and also cuz he's girl coded), Moon (me on my "Adrien's true self is himself and Chat Noir" bs), Magician? (he's good at stuff???)

Initial Persona: Petit Prince (apparently Adrien's story is based on this one)

Alya

Associated Arcana: High Pristess (cuz High Pristess is all about listening to your inner voice and Alya's biggest character moments are listening to her conscious and acting on that), Justice (the whole reason she's a journalist)

Initial Persona: Josephine Baker (I kinda struggled with this one cuz Google dosen't make it easy to research Martinique and I didn't want to do something lame like "Renard the fox lol". I typed up "black woman spy" into Google [because Alya's other story is being Marinette's best friend which is lame] and Josephine was the first French result I got. She was the first black woman movie star and she also spied on the Axis powers for France during WW2. France also gave her the title "Creole Goddess" which scares me)

Chloe

Associated Arcana: Devil (this is what Astruc would give her lol. It also fits cuz Devil is giving in to your vices and Chloe can't stop doing that), Lovers (cuz it'sabout making a choice between two options and aticking with that and Chloe does that both times she's the big bad of the episode), Empress (cuz Chloe is rich and enjoys her life I guess)

Initial Persona: Marie Antoinette (cuz I am 99% Chloe is based on her and it kinda for a meta perspective on Chloes story where she is the scape goat for even worse villains)

Nino

Associated Arcana: Emperor (he's the leader of the resistance i guess), Heriophant? (he gives good advice like 3 times in the series?) , Chariot (the lame answer: he shares character traits with Chie and Ryuji)

Initial Persona: Alexandre Dumas (I was drawing blanks again cuz Nino's only story [outside of being Adrien's best friend] is the resistance stuff so I looked up black people in the French revolution and this the guy I got. Fun fact, he's the father of the guy who wrote three musketeers apparently, I was really not expecting that)

Luka

Associated Arcana: Heriophant (fits it better than Nino), High Pristress (I still think Alya fits this arcana but Luka is rolling in this cards symbolisim with listening to people's inner music and having the miraculous of Intuition)

Initial Persona: Orpheus (cuz Im lame. Marinette is his Eurydice cuz she left him)

Kagami

Associated Arcana: I have no freaking clue this time Magician?????

Initial Persona: Tomoe (cuz Im lame and it's her mom's name)

Lila

Associated Arcana: Moon (cuz what the heck else would she even have? Jester???)

Initial Persona: Coco Chanel (because eff that nazi spy. And it futhers the duality thing that Alya and Lila used to have before they retconed Lila)

Felix

Associated Arcana: Justice (he's a crazy justice boy you cant convince me otherwise)

Initial Persona: Loki (WHAT ELSE AM I SUPPOSED TO CHOOSE)

[nancypullen]

Versailles

Bonjour! This morning we decided to go see how the other half lives, so we hopped on a train to Versailles. The palace is only about 12 miles from Paris, but takes roughly 30 minutes by train due to several stops. You must purchase a timed ticket via their website and our entry time was 10am. It's just a ten minute walk from the train station and we had plenty of time, so our stroll up to the palace was leisurely.

Peasants trying to enter Versailles.

Those shadows are the line we were in for our 10am entry. I think there was a glitch this morning because the 9am line was still there and then they herded us all in at once. That's the only beef I had with the day - too crowded. We enjoy traveling in the fall because it's a shoulder season and we mostly avoid big crowds Not today.

There was so.much.gold. Louis XIV, known as The Sun King, built this opulent palace and he's all over it.

Once inside we were given our audio guides. Each room had a number and you just punched that into your little handheld gadget and put it to your ear like a cell phone to hear all the info. Each room was an education. I will not take you room by room in this massive building. You're welcome. I'll just share a few photos and try to keep this brief. You know that's hard for me. I do have to mention the ceilings. I spent so much time looking up that I have a crick in my neck. Absolutely gorgeous art and dripping with glittering chandeliers.

Room after room, from private bedrooms to council rooms, to game rooms were covered in stunning fabrics, incredible art, and glittering gold. Imagine being a French citizen, starving and struggling, and knowing that the royals were living like this. I think I know why later Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette met their end the way they did.

But back to Louis XIV. LIke I said, he was all over the place. Every room, hall, and gallery had paintings and murals as tributes to his battles, and his reign.

THis is his bedroom - where his courtiers washed him, dressed him for bed, and then in the morning dressed him for the day.

The queen's bedroom was beautiful. I've been thinking of redecorating our bedroom and I'm leaning toward feather dusters on the bed posts like this.

That gold railing was to give her privacy. Her ladies waited on those stools to be needed, and there was a lot of viewing of the queen. When she gave birth it was in this room with the appropriate officials "observing" to make sure that the baby that was delivered was from her and not smuggled in. Yikes. Moving on, there are loads of halls dedicated to conquests and victories. An enormous and (surprise!) ornate royal chapel, and the famed Hall of Mirrors. It was breathtaking, the sunlight bounced off the 500+ mirrors and the numerous crystal chandeliers to create something magnificent. I don't have a single photo that does it justice. Mostly because A) I was just waving my cell phone around, and B) people wouldn't leave so it stayed crowded.

We moved through room after room...

each one an example of excess. Did I mention all the gold? I did notice a common trait in many of the paintings and it reminded me of my Ancestry DNA results. I've got a healthy percentage of French (supposedly) and I think it's mostly in my chin.

Must be all the butter and cheese. After hours spent absorbing the lavish lifestyle of the palace and court, then learning about successive centuries of Versailles from Napoleon to WWII and beyond, we headed out into the beautiful day to take in the gardens. Again, we know that by touring them in October we won't see the explosion of color that summer offers, but it was still wonderful.

That little corner is NOTHING. There were golf carts available for rent of you wanted to see all of it. You could also walk it, which we did a bit. Look at the enormity of the grounds! The palace looks tiny on this map.

Another big disappointment was finding not a single fountain turned on. Booo! They're supposed to be glorious. We learned that they only turn them on 4 days per week and apparently today was not one of them.

Here's a snap of me sitting on a bench in the gardens, looking disgruntled. Feel free to admire my generous French chin(s).

Shortly after this we decided to call it a day and after searching for a toilet, walked away from Versaille and its absolutely amazing history.

It's impossible to get it all into one photo because of its enormity. I'd love to see a drone shot of the palace and grounds.

On the way back to the train station we stopped for a bite. While enjoying the meal, the weather, and the company we started discussing the name of the establishment. It's Brasserie de Lyautey. Brasserie is just an informal restaurant, like most of the sidewalk cafes. But I couldn't translate Lyautey, so I looked it up. It was one of two things...

So, either a renowned French military figure or a werewolf. Although the first makes perfect sense, we decided that we were definitely eating at the werewolf cafe. I mean, that's way better. So much for my brief post tonight. At least I didn't bury you in photos of Versailles. I'll wrap this up by saying that the remainder of our day was spent leisurely...more strolling around La tour Eiffel (Oh, I'm so French!) and eventually back to our apartment. We needed to ready our bags, book an Uber, and get some sleep because after ten wonderful days, we fly home tomorrow. From Alsatian villages to glorious palaces, we've had a ball. I'm ready to sleep in my own bed and cuddle my kitties. Our flight lands in Baltimore around 11pm, by the time we get our bags, retrieve the car and drive to the Eastern Shore it'll probably be close to 1am. Yuck. Paris is 6 hours ahead of our clocks at home so we'll be zombies. No blog post tomorrow. Until next time - stay safe, stay well. XOXO, Nancy

[beatrizshy]

•°♤°• Dawn of Justice (Koby is the reincarnation of the God of Justice while Luffy is the reincarnation of the Sun God Nika)

P.S I listening to EPIC: The Musical because that fills my motivation for this AU (GO listen to it on YouTube by Jorge Rivera-Herrans [Hope I spelled that right].

Oh The Sun To My Eyes

Hear My Plead

For What Lies Onto My Journey to the Sea

I will deliver Justice to those that are wrong

I will be here to protect them because I am Strong

But You, the Shinning Star to my Eyes

You will always be here Towards The Sky

"The God of Justice?" Aribella says to her mother. A scoff escapes from her mouth, walking beside her sister.

"I don't understand" she says

"Of course you don't." Scoffs her little sister Avi. "You didn't pay attention to Mr. Smiths lecture! As always! You dumbo".

"HEY!-" Aribella says, offended as she grabs her sister arm.

"Alright that's enough outta the both of you!". Their mother, Maria Antonia, says, as she grabs one of their hands.

"Aribella Marie Antoinette Alexanderia you should be listening in class." She says, her voice laced with disappointment. She looks over to her sister. "And Avi Audrey Julia Alexanderia you shouldn't be saying rude stuff like that. Be careful with your words".

She signs as she looks at the flowers in her hand. A bouquet of beautiful fresh Sunflowers. She looks back at her daughters bickering.

"This is for the festival that we are attending today. Its for the God of Justice. The one that brought light to our village". She says, looking to make sure her daughters were playing attention. She smiles-

"With the help of Sun God Nika- our village wouldn't be what it is today!" She exclaims as she looks at their destination ahead.

"With the help of the Sun God, The God of Justice swiftly freed almost thousands of slaves- this village being one of them". She stops, she looks down with a smile and closes her eyes.

"Without them, you two may have never know peace...." she says softly

(It seems messy but I hope you will improve it!)

AHH OKAY! I haven't written with original characters for Fandom fics in a while and I think it'd be interesting to write kobylu from their eyes! This is a wonderful prompt!

Thank you so much, Spade! ☺️🤭🤭🤭

[lupins-hehim-pussy]

Must know your Furina thoughts cause I’m forever a Furina defender. I see her as different from Focalor and like… I get why Focalor did what she did but god I’m so… I don’t like her

I have more thoughts but I’d like to know yours and then I’ll explode

Heyy hiya hi hey! Sorry for getting back to this a bit late, I have been in a hole. You know how shrimps are

But the short answer is, regretfully, MHY's writing made me really viscerally dislike her, at first. There was definitely resistance in my heart and that was frustrating in itself, because I do not hate Her exactly and I see why a lot of people liked her a lot (my friends liked her too. I was pretty solitary in my extreme disdain of her). I just hated the story that MHY is trying to tell with her, I hated what she represents (to me, at least), and I hate that I'm seeing people being a lot more forgiving with her (compared to Ei) because she's shown to be more emotionally vulnerable, which makes her more relatable (this isn't so much as like, a 'her fans are bad!' take from me, just to clarify. More so, it is an observation about how MHY is able to very easily use their storytelling to sway the audience and keep their attention on certain narratives, and I don't like the effect of their writing decisions).

Disclaimer, though, I hate, hate Marie Antoinette and that "sad, helpless, rich (white) woman" archetype, so when Furina/Focalors clearly has some inspiration (and when I see the audience immediately make some of that connection), it was immediately rigged against her in my head, lol. She had no chance.

In retrospect, though, the Marie Antoinette reference isn't that strong, but I don't know if that's because MHY really chickened out of the French Revolution inspiration, or because they just vaguely wanted the vibes of it without ever intending on committing to it, and I end up looking silly because I'm making connections where there are none. MHY writing is notorious for making people do that because it expects you to extrapolate from minimal and vague writing at times.

Anyway, then I started writing her. I wrote her into the family dynamic of the WRLT family, streamer modern/future AU thing I've got going on, and even for my canon rewrite/reinterpretation/filled-in-the-shit-I-didn't-like-and-made-it-work-for-me fic where she shows up very briefly at times, I couldn't exactly make her completely villainous either. That role I reserve solely for Focalors (who, arguably, isn't portrayed as a villain in canon, either. I just hated her more, and she's specifically written as a scapegoat for Furina Criticisms by MHY, anyway, so she's literally used, narratively, as an excuse for Furina's action as the ruler of Fontaine, so. It's functionally the same shit as Ei being like "erm that was the robot, not me..." just much, much better executed).

And she's really grown on me! Like, if I'm not so hung up on her whole "I may be the ruler of a police state, but I have feelings, too" thing, I think her personal story of having to perform a role, and having to meet an expectation that just gets further and further out of reach, and how she was shown to quite literally fall apart under that pressure was (through gritted teeth) well done. I Guess. I liked the way they unravelled her on a literal stage at the end of the MSQ. If anything, I will give it to MHY for their understanding of effective visual storytelling.

In her defence, Neuvillette also had the whole "I may be the ruler of a police state, but I have feelings, too" thing going for him. In many ways, you can argue that he's Worse because he's the actual, functional facet of Fontaine's Justice System, while she was treated more as the theatrical side. But, I will Say, MHY tried to sneak it in there that she also does work behind the scenes to help vulnerable people, and they also tried to say that she takes her job very seriously behind the scenes as well. She just acts like she's all fun. But, once again, because of their writing, I think it's horribly executed. Because aside from those Few Specific Moments where they showed her doing these things, no actual impact of her leadership was ever shown within Fontaine aside from the way she represents the Theatre-Court thing, BUT EVEN THAT MEANS NOTHING ANYWAY.

(So once again, in the same way as my Neuvillette ramble, you have MHY being like "is she actually helpless? Is she not? Can she actually make changes, can she not???" and they end up playing Accountability Hot Potato between her and Neuvillette where they're like, No, Actually. You're the one In Power! No You! No You! I'm a clueless Sovereign, I don't know humans, you're the Archon! But you are the one people actually take seriously as the Iudex, you're the one with actual political influence, and I'm not the real Archon anyway! Then Focalors is like, Wah, Celestia! That's the actual party you should blame! I'm actually the martyr here! Feel bad for me! And if Celestia pops up with playable characters you know they're gonna be like erm, actually, we also have clones who's been acting as us who's the actual evil ones, but it's not us I prommie.)

Like how the fuck have they not figured out about the Primordial Waters shit, like, a hundred years ago. You're telling me they are so damn good at their jobs, but it took them this long? To realise??? The Primordial Waters can be a big ass problem in the future that they should have prepared for in the past? It's almost like a nod to how IRL governments will ignore global warming and line their pockets allowing big corpo to continue wrecking the environment at the cost of the common people— oh wait, MHY vaguely suggested that too in the world lore about pollution caused by Fontaine's rapidly growing technological landscape, but they didn't do anything with it, because the Government that would get narratively criticised in Fontaine is Entirely Made Up of the Two Characters Products they're trying to Sell?

Oh, you're telling me the way Oratrice Mechanique D'Analyse is feeding off the people's belief in Justice while it literally hoards all the energy of the nation in order to fulfil Focalor's plan can almost be seen as commentary on how Media like True Crime commodifies Justice while platforms like TikTok literally profit off your engagement— oh wait it falls apart the moment you try to say that Focalors did this out of necessity in order to give Neuvillette back his sovereignty because those vaguely evil, undefined Ceslestia people?

And I'm sure someone could pop up and say like That's The Point! They're trying to show that someone is always above someone else, pulling the strings, and that Everyone has to do a little evil sometimes! As if that's not the easiest excuse for MHY to wave off writing accountability into their character stories.

But you know what poisons all of their writing to me? Knowing that they make products first, stories after. Every writing decisions they make, I am sitting there like, "This is designed for an audience, this is specifically made this way to sell to the most people possible." I can't look at Furina and think "they're trying to make a sympathetic and relatable character" because I Know there is a board of Rich Guys somewhere who sits there and say "but she has to be redeemable, she has to be relatable, and she has to be just a little bit of everything to be palatable to the widest swath of people."

Like, all the "flaws" of Genshin's writing are barely "flaws" at this point, in terms of intention. There's no one sitting there being like "this is what we wanted to achieve, but we went about it wrong", it's more like "this is good enough to make us money. Some people might complain or look into it deeper, but most are still gonna buy and keep using our product." And they're right. Fuck, I might come back for Natlan just to see what the fuck they'd do. And I hate it lol

[nesiacha]

A Few Points to Correct Regarding the September Massacres of 1792

The massacres at Châtelet and Bicêtre. Anonymous engraving, Paris, BnF, department of prints and photography, 1792

Contrary to a widely held belief, it was not the poorest people of Paris who carried out the September Massacres (or not as many poor people participated as legend has it). Among the "Septembrists" were artisans, small business owners, and small property owners. In fact, contrary to Heffron’s film, which portrayed the massacres as spontaneous and instantaneous, these Septembrists gathered in improvised commissions, conducting swift judgments, and ended up killing up to 1,300 people, if I'm not mistaken. However, during the same period, approximately the same number of prisoners were spared. For instance, the Marquise de Tourzel was spared.

Do not take this fact as an absolution of those who committed these massacres. It actually makes it even more frightening, considering the expedited nature of these commissions, especially since many of the prisoners were common criminals. Even in the case of prisoners who were counter-revolutionaries, extra-judicial killings should never be condoned, and these massacres remain an indelible stain on the Revolution.

Moreover, both the Girondins and the Montagnards are responsible. The Girondins accused the Montagnards (particularly Danton, Marat, and Robespierre) of being responsible for the massacres, but the Girondins did nothing to stop them. In reality, it suited them quite well, as many of their enemies were eliminated. However, they condemned the massacres for political reasons, using them against the Montagnards.

As for the Montagnards , they did not condemn the massacres and therefore tacitly endorsed them. Later, people like Danton acknowledged that to avoid such problems, it was necessary, in his own words, to "administer terrible justice to prevent people from doing so themselves." Indeed, with the Battle of Valmy, the perception that justice was not proceeding quickly enough against those suspected of counter-revolution, and the collapse of the old regime, it became clear that strict oversight was needed to prevent such excesses.

One should remember the second revolution in Russia, which deposed the Russian monarchy. There were quick lynchings, including in Kronstadt, to the point that Kerensky (if I'm not mistaken, or at least the Russian provisional government) had to promise exemplary judicial punishments. So, ultimately, this is not surprising.

Now, regarding the suspects of counter-revolution in France, the case I have in mind is that of the Princess de Lamballe. On the excellent website "Les Amis de Robespierre," Stefania di Pasquale explains that Marie Antoinette's friend was a counter-revolutionary spy, which I can believe given her frequent travels to England. But Madame di Pasquale believes that she was assassinated because of her role as a spy and because she "had numerous contacts with foreign spies and members of the Legislative Assembly and the government" and may have known too much about the Girondin government in power. Here is the link: https://www.amis-robespierre.org/La-Princesse-de-Lamballe-grande.

Sources: Antoine Resche Stefania di Pasquale