#Jeffrey Rosen

[justinspoliticalcorner]

Mark Sumner at Daily Kos:

Donald Trump is trying to use the Department of Justice as a weapon, claiming that, because of his conviction on 34 felony counts, he has “every right” to go after political opponents should he be elected in November. This isn’t new for Trump. In 2017, he pushed Attorney General Jeff Sessions to prosecute Hillary Clinton. Later, he drove Attorney General William Barr to investigate ludicrous claims against President Joe Biden, resulting in a series of embarrassing international trips to support a baseless conspiracy theory. 

Trump’s four years in office were all about politicizing the DOJ by breaking down the barriers intended to keep the department from being used as a cudgel by the White House. His desire to hurt his opponents isn’t new, but the threat he represents is infinitely greater than it was four years ago. The only thing that stood in Trump’s way during his four years in the White House was a kind of institutional momentum. Enough career officials remained in place that Trump faced strong pushback. Even Sessions, Barr, and acting Attorney General Jeffery Rosen had limits on where they would go for Trump. But that won’t be a problem if he returns to Washington.  Trump has already made it clear that he intends to purge the federal government of impartial career officials and replace them with Trump loyalists. Project 2025 is centered around destroying the DOJ's impartiality and turning it into an attack dog for Trump.

Even before Trump went to trial in New York, Republicans were lamenting the weaponization of the justice system. Those complaints were supercharged after Trump was convicted. As always seems to be the case, the GOP is accusing Democrats of something that it’s already doing. In this case, it’s not just deflection; It’s an excuse to vastly increase the level of politicization in the justice system. As The Washington Post reports, Republicans aren’t just crossing their fingers and hoping that Trump gets his hands on the DOJ a second time. They’re moving forward with an aggressive plan to blunt the effectiveness of the DOJ and target Trump’s enemies ahead of the election.

[...] Punishing entire states for refusing to let Trump escape prosecution has become a popular theme among Republicans. It’s unclear how such a plan would work, but Republicans are expected to attach defunding federal investigations into Trump to upcoming must-pass legislation.  Republicans are also expected to pass along more criminal referrals, like the ones targeting Hunter and James Biden on Wednesday, which allow Republicans to pretend they’ve found crimes by political opponents, then attack the DOJ for failing to follow up on their make-believe evidence.

[...] Trump spent four years knocking holes in that wall between the White House and the DOJ, and he’s been furthering that damage even while out of office. As bad as Barr, Sessions, and Rosen were as attorney generals—and they were awful—they won’t be a patch on what’s to come. The GOP isn’t waiting for Trump to carry out his quest for retribution. They're getting a head start by urging Republican attorney generals and Congress to use every tool they can find to attack Biden and Democrats ahead of the election. 

The GOP is weaponizing the DOJ and playing lawfare games to enact revenge on Donald Trump's opponents to aid and abet in his crime spree. If Trump gets elected again, what remains of the DOJ's impartialness will erode and become a fiefdom for Trump's lawlessness.

[the-liberal-arts]

We forget how much the founders — for all their faults — were focused not just on the forms of American government, but also on personal virtue. One of my favorite books from last year was “The Pursuit of Happiness” by Jeffrey Rosen, the president of the National Constitution Center.

The book describes how the founders envisioned the pursuit of happiness not as the pursuit of pleasure or wealth, but rather as “the pursuit of virtue — as being good, rather than feeling good.�� Benjamin Franklin, for example, listed temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness, tranquillity, chastity and humility as indispensable elements of virtue.

[badmovieihave]

Bad movie I have Deathtrap 1982

[minnesotafollower]

Other Comments on David Brooks’ Column  on “the Bad Guys”  

The New York Times’ on August 2 published a David Brooks’ column entitled, “What If We’re the Bad Guys Here?”[1] and on August 9 this blogger published his blog post about that column.[2] Now on August 12 the Times published the following comments by nine readers of that column.[3] Michael Hadjiargyrou (Centerport, N.Y.) “I am sick and tired of people like Mr. Brooks telling me that I am the…

[countesspetofi]

Today in the Department of Before They Were Star Trek Stars, Jonathan Frakes guest stars in "Of Mouse and Man," episode 12 of the second season of Hill Street Blues (original air date February 11, 1982).

Frakes plays a low-level cocaine dealer who gets caught in a sting in the garment district and informs on his supplier on the advice of his deliciously sleazy lawyer (Jeffrey Tambor). Hill Street Blues was THE prestige drama of its day - think Breaking Bad but with a fraction of the competition. For several years running there was no point watching any awards shows because it was a foregone conclusion that it would sweep every category. You couldn't pick up a magazine without reading a feature about it or turn on the radio without hearing the theme song, which was a Billboard Top 10 single.

Other Trek connections under the fold:

"Of Mouse and Man" co-writer Michael Wagner wrote or co-wrote three episodes of The Next Generation and served as an uncredited co-producer on four.

Barbara Bosson plays the ex-wife of the lead character on Hill Street Blues; she also appeared in the Deep Space Nine episode "Rivals" as a Bajoran widow who partners with a con man to open a casino to compete with Quark's.

The overly militaristic Lt. Hunter is portrayed by James B. Sikking, who also played Lawrence Styles, the captain whose ship was stolen by the renegade Enterprise crew in Star Trek III: The Search for Spock.

We don't get to see the face of this TV reporter, but we do hear his voice; it's the voice of prolific voice actor Dan Gilvezan, best known for his work on such classic 1980s cartoons as Spider-Man & His Amazing Friends, Transformers, and GI Joe. In 2001 he provided voices for the video game Star Trek: Armada II.

Music editor Allan K. Rosen was also the music editor of the Star Trek: Borg video game.

[softiedancers]

TDA Las Vegas 2024 Best Dancer Predictions!

mini female

stella brinkerhoff

belle marie arauz

savannah jackson

mini male

chase lang

brody schaffer

jeffrey wu

junior female

skylar wong

finley ashfield

lilly anderson

junior male

matthew conway

grayson niemcsyk

lincoln russo

teen female

taylor morrison

kira chan

kylie kaminsky

teen male

logan asuncion

gabriel kleeman

zachary roy

senior female

hailey bills

izzy howard

keira redpath

beth anne mcgowan

senior male

hudson pletcher

caleb abea

drew rosen

alonzo dock

these were my initial thoughts based purely off 1 watch of their recompete solos! i’m so back and forth on mini female, junior female, and senior male. it’s such a toss up. i’ll rewatch the solos and make any changes before saturday!

[uboat53]

Cabinet Endorsements

One thing that's flown a bit below the radar in this election is that former cabinet members haven't been acting like they usually do. Normally, former cabinet members will automatically endorse their former boss for re-election, but Trump's have not been doing that.

This is of particular interest because, while we, the voters, get to see the President give speeches and the like, we don't actually work with him. Presumably a cabinet member is someone who agrees with the president and who the president trusts and who gets to work closely with the president, so their opinion of the president is an important benchmark.

With that in mind, let's take a look at the 44 former cabinet members of the Donald J. Trump administration and the 2 former cabinet members of the Joseph R. Biden administration. I'll put an (E) next to the ones that have endorsed their former boss, an (H) next to the ones who haven't yet, and an (R) next to the ones who have outright refused to do so.

Cabinet Members of the Donald J. Trump Administration (R) VP Mike Pence (H) Sec. State Rex Tillerson (H) Sec. State/CIA Director Mike Pompeo (E) Sec. Treasury Steven Mnuchin (R) Sec. Defense James Mattis (H) Sec. Defense Patrick Shanahan (nominated) (R) Sec. Defense Mark Esper (H) Sec. Defense Christopher Miller (acting) (H) AG Jeff Sessions (R) AG William Barr (H) AG Jeffrey Rosen (acting) (E) Sec. Interior Ryan Zinke (H) Sec. Interior David Bernhardt (H) Sec. Agriculture Sonny Perdue (E) Sec. Commerce Wilbur Ross (H) Sec. Labor Andrew Puzder (nominated) (H) Sec. Labor Alex Acosta (H) Sec. Labor Eugene Scalia (H) Sec. HHS Tom Price (H) Sec. HHS Alex Azar (H) Sec. HHS Pete Gaynor (E) Sec. HUD Ben Carson (H) Sec. Transporation Elaine Chao (H) Sec. Transportation Steven Bradbury (acting) (H) Sec. Energy Rick Perry (H) Sec. Energy Dan Brouillette (H) Sec. Education Besty DeVos (H) Sec. Education Mick Zais (acting) (H) Sec. VA David Shulkin (E) Sec. VA Ronny Jackson (nominated) (H) Sec. VA Robert Wilkie (R) Sec. HS John Kelly (H) Sec. HS Kirstjen Nielsen (H) Sec. HS Chad Wolf (nominated) (E) US Trade Rep. Robert Lighthizer (H) DNI Dan Coats (H) DNI John Ratcliffe (H) UN Ambassador Nikki Haley (H) OMB Directory Mick Mulvaney (E) OMB Director Russel Vought (H) CIA Director Gina Haspel (H) EPA Admin. Scott Pruitt (H) EPA Admin. Andrew Wheeler (H) SBA Admin. Linda McMahon (H) SBA Admin. Jovita Caranza

Cabinet Members of the Joseph R. Biden Administration (E) Sec. Labor Marty Walsh (E) OMB Director Neera Tanden (nominated) (H) Office of Science and Tech. Director Eric Lander

The first thing we notice, obviously, is that there are a whole lot more former Trump cabinet members. This is partially because Biden is still in office so his 23 current cabinet members are not counted (it'd be a huge surprise if they didn't endorse him and they probably wouldn't still be working for him if they didn't), but it's also because Trump had way above average turnover for cabinet officials, 19 in the first four years not including the 5 who resigned due to his handling of the 2020 election results (not included because Biden hasn't reached that point in his first term yet), while Biden has had far below average turnover, only 3 so far.

So a lot more people shuffling in and out of the Trump administration, but we also notice a ton more H's than E's there. Heck, there's almost as many R's among Trump's people as there are E's (5 to 7). Meanwhile, Biden's shooting 2 for 3 and the third one hasn't (at least not that I could find) ruled out endorsing him.

Keep in mind, endorsing the nominee of your party is pretty much the bare minimum that any party operative needs to do. Imagine if you applied for a job somewhere, the first question was "do you think this company should be in business", and you answered "no". You probably wouldn't be getting a job there. In other words, refusing to endorse has some big consequences for the people doing it, not just costing them a job in the potential next Republican presidency, but locking them out of the party entirely, and yet a good deal of the people who worked for Trump disliked working with him so much that they're doing it anyways.

As I said, this tends to fly below the radar because it's kind of a formulaic ritual; of course members of the President's party who are closely tied to him are going to endorse him for re-election! That's why you should pay attention now that most of the people who've worked with Trump aren't doing so. It says something, something big.

[ironworked]

60 Sec Rec: Upload

"In 2033, humans can "upload" themselves into a virtual afterlife of their choosing. When Nathan dies prematurely, he is uploaded to the very expensive Lakeview, but then finds himself under the thumb of his possessive, still-living girlfriend Ingrid. As Nathan adjusts to the pros and cons of digital heaven, he bonds with Nora, his living customer service rep." [Wikipedia]

Anti-capitalist comedy in a similar vibes/style to The Good Place or Schitt's Creek. Can't say much because the joy is in the experience, because it's... it's not exactly feel good because they remind you of so many things wrong with the world, but they do it with humor. It's very 'lol, isn't this messed up or what?', and it works.

'Heaven' isn't affordable to everyone! there's different places depending on how much you are willing to spend, and even in the exclusive ones there are things you need to pay for separately. It's such a cool concept.

The cast is pretty solid, but the standout for me is Allegra Edwards, who plays infuriating rich-girl Ingrid. The character could've been classmates with Alexis Rose, and Edwards much like Murphy is able to sell this character that could've easily been insufferable to watch. Zainab Johnson (Aleesha, Nora's co-worker) nails her role with a particular brand of humor, and she has incredible presence too.

Created by Greg Daniels (The Office, Parks and recreation). Written by Daniels and his brother, Izzy Kadish (Space Force), Aasia LaShay Bullock (What We Do In The Shadows). Directed by Jeffrey Blitz (American Auto), David Rogers (The Mindy Project), Kacie Anning (Madam)... Starring Robbie Amell, Andy Allo, Allegra Edwards, Zainab Johnson, Kevin Bigley, Andrea Rosen, Owen Daniels, Josh Banday,...

Previous: Deadloch - Dead Boy Detectives - The Tick - This Close - Kung Fu - Nancy Drew - Kevin Can Fuck Himself - Silo - The Flight Attendant - Severance - Hacks - Hit The Floor - Black Sails - 12 Monkeys - T@gged - The Diplomat - The Mick - Timeless - UnReal - Kings - All Rise - Barry - Halt and Catch Fire - Resident Alien - Santa Clarita Diet - Claws - Roswell New Mexico

[my-deer-friend]

Jeffrey Rosen's The Pursuit of Happiness might just be the 21st century answer to Bailyn's The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution. I'm only a little of the way in, but it's already one of the most insightful books I've read in a long time. Wow.

[justinspoliticalcorner]

Jill Filipovic:

Hi readers, and welcome to the first edition of an issue-by-issue breakdown of what a Trump presidency might mean for some of the most important issues in the US and abroad. It’s easy to toss around general warnings about how dangerous and dictatorial Trump might be, but it’s probably more useful to go issue by issue and assess what Trump and those likely to work for him have said, proposed, or promised.

I’m starting with what I think will be the most significant for the largest number of Americans, and what could truly create an unfixable problem that plunges the country into chaos: Executive power. Sounds boring! Is actually really important. And the Supreme Court’s decision to radically expand presidential immunity from criminal prosecution has made many of these executive power-grabs not only more possible, but more dangerous. This installment will focus specifically on what near-limitless executive power might mean for the Department of Justice. Subsequent ones will look at the Fed, the Federal Communications Commission, and other key agencies. The basic fact to understand about Trump’s planned executive power grab is that he will take what are typically nonpartisan and crucial agencies that work through many many presidencies and force them to do his bidding. This means he could make the Fed lower interest rates because it’s an election year or otherwise turn the short-term economic dial in his favor, even if that would essentially turn the US economy into a hellscape and make it so the US is no longer a steady, reliable economic force upon which much of the world’s financial stability depends. He could use the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to tank media outlets that challenge him or accurately report on him. He could use the Department of Justice (DOJ) to target his adversaries. And on and on.

[...]

What This Means for the Department of Justice

One of the agencies Trump and his team have their eye on is the DOJ. During Trump’s first term, the DOJ’s independence was a pervasive thorn in his side. The former president was under the impression that the Attorney General worked directly for him, and should imply carry out his orders and directives.

“You know, the saddest thing is that because I’m the president of the United States, I am not supposed to be involved with the Justice Department,” Trump told one radio interviewer. “I am not supposed to be involved with the F.B.I. I’m not supposed to be doing the kind of things that I would love to be doing. And I’m very frustrated by it.” He regretted his decision to appoint several very right-wing attorneys general because even those men — proponents of broad executive power, and men very willing to do the president’s bidding — had some lines they wouldn’t cross. He was angry at Attorney General Jeff Sessions for recusing himself during the Mueller investigation and that Sessions wouldn’t use the DOJ to investigate Hillary Clinton; Trump eventually fired him. Trump was angrier still at Sessions’s replacement, Attorney General Bill Barr, for not going along with his claims that the 2020 election was rife with fraud and stolen out from under him. The tension between the two eventually became untenable, and Barr stepped down.

Not everyone at the DOJ stood up to Trump. One high-ranking DOJ employee, Jeff Clark, aided Trump’s efforts to overturn the 2020 election, and found himself in legal hot water from DC to Georgia. Trump almost made Clark acting Attorney General after Jeffrey Rosen, who replaced Barr, also refused to go along with Trump’s plans to undermine the election results. Clark has a radical theory of executive power, arguing that the DOJ is simply not an independent agency — it should be under the control of the president. This is increasingly the view that the Trump team is adopting. The Heritage Foundation and other right-wing architects of Project 2025 — the closest thing we have to a Trump 2024 agenda — also insist that the DOJ needs “a top-to-bottom overhaul.” Part of that, Project 2025 says, requires the Trump administration to “prepare a plan to end immediately any policies, investigations, or cases that run contrary to law or Administration policies.” And they are clear that the DOJ needs to shift from an independent agency to one under Trump’s direct control”.

[...]

So what are Trump’s priorities for a DOJ he controls? And what are his allies promoting? Here’s a smattering of the publicly-stated proposals on the table:

Prosecute political opponents and those Trump believes have wronged him. In July, Trump reposted calls on TruthSocial for “televised military tribunals” and the imprisonment of a slew of his critics, from Joe Biden to Kamala Harris to Chuck Schumer to Nancy Pelosi to his own former vice president, Mike Pence, among many many others. This is far from the first time the former president has argued that those who oppose him should be behind bars. A DOJ under his authority is a DOJ that can be used to criminally target those he sees as a threat, or those from whom he simply wants retribution.

Execute more prisoners. Project 2025 is clear: It wants the DOJ to ramp up executions, and essentially clear out its Death Row — due process (or basic humanity) be damned.

Arrest and prosecute more civilians. Arrest and prosecute district attorneys who don’t comply. According to both Trump and Project 2025, many liberal cities and states have fallen down on their obligation to reduce crime. This doesn’t quite comport with the facts — crime is down nationally since its high point during Trump’s first term, and Republican-run cities tend to have higher crime rates than Democratic-run ones — but facts here are largely irrelevant inconveniences. And the Project 2025 plan isn’t just for the DOJ to step in and bigfoot local law enforcement; it’s to prosecute district attorneys and other local law enforcement officials if the Trump administration decides they aren’t doing enough to be tough on crime.

Deploy the military and the National Guard to hunt down undocumented immigrants. I’ll get into this more in the immigration installment of this series, but a plan articulated by both Project 2025 and Trump himself is to deploy the military, the National Guard, and even local militias to round up undocumented people for placement in internment camps and eventual deportation.

End all investigations into the administration itself. Should the president break the law, the DOJ will be told to look the other way. (And the Supreme Court has already given the president a green light to break the law with impunity).

End all policies that conflict with the administration’s priorities. The example Project 2025 uses for this? Criminal prosecutions of abortion clinic protesters who turn violent or otherwise break the law.

Go to bat for the president’s agenda no matter what. And face discipline for asking to be removed from a case or pushing back on what the administration wants.

End the work of the Civil Rights Division as we know it. Instead of doing what the Civil Rights Division long has — investigating and prosecuting civil rights violations — a Trump DOJ should, according to Project 2025, ensure that the Civil Rights Division spends “its first year under the next Administration using the full force of federal prosecutorial resources to investigate and prosecute all state and local governments, institutions of higher education, corporations, and any other private employers who are engaged in discrimination in violation of constitutional and legal requirements.” To translate that from right-wing-speak: The Civil Rights Division should not worry about civil rights violations, but should instead target governments, colleges, companies, and private employers who so much as talk about racial, gender, and other inequities, or seek to end those inequities in their spaces.

Stop focusing on voter suppression and start focusing on voter “fraud.” One of the Civil Rights Division’s tasks over the past several decades has been to investigate claims of voter suppression. There is a long history in the United States of Black voters in particular being prevented from casting ballots; the Civil Rights Acts of the late 1960s sought to remedy this ugly reality, and the DOJ’s Civil Rights Division has since then paid at least some attention to it. Not under a Trump administration. Instead, efforts to make sure American citizens can vote will be redirected to specious claims of election fraud and interference — to make sure that Americans are voting the way Trump and his right-wing supporters want them to vote. Project 2025 recommends moving election-related cases and investigations away from the Civil Rights Division and to the Criminal Division — an effort to criminalize state officials who don’t toe the line, and to count fewer ballots.

Criminalize the abortion pill. I’ll have more on this in the abortion section of this series, but Trump and those around him are preparing to use the Victorian-era Comstock laws, which criminalized the mailing of “obscene” materials including contraceptive devices and information about abortion, to criminalize abortion pills.

Replace DOJ and FBI employees with Trump loyalists. Just… that.

To be clear: This is not a comprehensive list of all of the plans, proposals, and suggestions flying around. It is almost surely not a comprehensive list of what Trump will do once in office. But it is a list of the ideas that come up again and again, from both conservative advocacy groups with Trump’s ear and from the former president himself.

Jill Filipovic’s What Trump Means For series on the DOJ under Trump is a must-read.

[p21blackandgold]

final tda vegas predictions 💃🪩🤩

MINI FEMALE

Winner: Stella Brinkerhoff

1st RU: Belle Marie Arauz

2nd RU: Savannah Jackson

MINI MALE

Winner: Chase Lang

1st RU: Brody Schaffer

2nd RU: Jeffrey Wu

JUNIOR FEMALE

Winner: Finley Ashfield

1st RU: Skylar Wong

2nd RU: Lilly Anderson

JUNIOR MALE

Winner: Lincoln Russo

1st RU: Matthew Conway

2nd RU: Grayson Niemcsyk

TEEN FEMALE

Winner: Taylor Morrison

1st RU: Kylie Kaminsky

2nd RU: Kira Chan

TEEN MALE

Winner: Logan Asuncion

1st RU: Gabriel Kleeman

2nd RU: Zachary Roy

SENIOR FEMALE

Winner: Keira Redpath

1st RU: Hailey Bills

2nd RU: Izzy Howard

3rd RU: Beth Anne McGowan

SENIOR MALE

Winner: Hudson Pletcher

1st RU: Caleb Abea

2nd RU: Drew Rosen

3rd RU: Alonzo Dock

i do not envy the judges at all lol, most of these could go to anyone in the top 3/4

[movies-to-add-to-your-tbw]

Title: Dorian Gray

Rating: R

Director: Oliver Parker

Cast: Ben Barnes, Colin Firth, Rebecca Hall, Emilia Fox, Ben Chaplin, Fiona Shaw, Caroline Goodall, Maryam d'Abo, Douglas Henshall, Rachel Hurd-Wood, Max Irons, John Hollingworth, Pip Torrens, Michael Culkin, Nathan Rosen, Jeffrey Lipman Sr, Jo Woodcock

Release year: 2009

Genres: thriller, fantasy, drama

Blurb: Seduced into the decadent world of Lord Henry Wotton, handsome young aristocrat Dorian Gray becomes obsessed with maintaining his youthful appearance, and commissions a special portrait that will weather the winds of time while he remains forever young. When his obsession spirals out of control, his desperate attempts to safeguard his secret turn his once-privileged life into a living hell.

[trmpt]

Jeffrey Rosen

“The allegations in the indictment of Donald Trump for conspiring to overturn the election of 2020 represent the American Founders’ nightmare. A key concern of James Madison and Alexander Hamilton was that demagogues would incite mobs and factions to defy the rule of law, overturn free and fair elections and undermine American democracy. “The only path to a subversion of the republican system of the Country is, by flattering the prejudices of the people, and exciting their jealousies and apprehensions, to throw affairs into confusion, and bring on civil commotion,” Alexander Hamilton wrote in 1790. “When a man unprincipled in private life, desperate in his fortune, bold in his temper…is seen to mount the hobby horse of popularity,” Hamilton warned, “he may ‘ride the storm and direct the whirlwind.’”’

[tuftsuep]

Nathan Newman: UEP Thesis Award Nominee, 2024

Fashioning Circularity: A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Disclosure and Targeted Legislation: Comparing Their Influence on Environmental Outcomes and the Circular Economy

Advisor Jeffrey Rosen

In general, the strength of his thesis lies in its practical application.  Nate looked to the policy pressures sustainability advocates have recently applied to the fashion industry to help analyze relative effectiveness of these initiatives.  He used a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method which I found to be a good fit for the level of detail and the hybrid analysis between quantitative and qualitative outcomes he analyzed.  I also liked his focus on the big picture elements of the Circular Economy, and the way he put this together as an implementation component for those broad objectives.  Nate’s literature review was thorough, and he used it to contextualize his methodology.  Despite some of the broad context, he focused specifically on several policy initiatives and compared those to corporate sustainable reporting for relative cost-effectiveness, from an outcome basis.  I’m always impressed by work that starts with a broad aspirational framework (such as a circular economy) and offers practical guidance on how to direct resources to support a transition. 

Abstract

The apparel and footwear industry is one of the most environmentally impactful sectors globally, spurring closer examination of current sustainability practices. Despite voluntary disclosure’s benefits, it fails to adequately address the industry’s negative environmental externalities. Legislators around the world have subsequently proposed legislation targeting different segments of the industry’s value chain, attempting to advance circular business practices. This thesis examines best-in-class sustainability reports along with five pieces of legislation from the United States and European Union and compares their cost-effectiveness and estimated impact on eight material circularity indicators with a focus on environmental outcomes. The results show that voluntary disclosure generates the least amount of impact, and the five policies vary in impact and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, four of the five policies analyzed fail to address the linear consumption system that underlies the industry’s environmental impact. The results reinforce the need for policy and regulation to advance circular systems.

[vhawlalawream]

(Alex Lawrence)Listen to Finding My Way by Bobby O recording artist, lyrics by Alex Lawrence, produced by Jeffrey Scott Rosen. Finding My Way is available for purchase at Amazon Music