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elearningskill · 3 years ago

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Remembering the Pioneer of Indian Industry – The Life and Work of J. N. Tata

Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata was an entrepreneur, a philanthropist and a visionary leader who founded the Tata Group, India’s largest conglomerate. The tremendous success that Tata Group has today is the result of the vision and mission of our legendary founder Jamsetji Tata, who is also regarded as the “Father of Indian Industry”.

During his lifetime, India was firmly under British rule. However, driven by his deep love for his country, Jamsetji envisioned and implemented great initiatives that propelled India into the modern industrial age.

To mark the birth anniversary of the visionary, who played a pivotal role in the development of India through his industrial and philanthropic activities, we provide an overview of everything he accomplished in his life :

Jamsetji Tata was born on March 3, 1839, into a Parsi family. He was Nusserwanji Tata’s first child and only son. After graduating from Elphinstone College in Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1858, he joined his father’s export-trading firm and worked there.

In 1868, 29-year-old Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata started a trading company with a capital of ₹21,000 — the early beginnings of what would one day become the Tata Group.

In the 1870s, J N Tata started his entrepreneurial journey with a textile mill in central India. In 1872, he focused on cotton manufacturing and established mills in Nagpur, Bombay, and Coorla.

In 1874, Jamsetji established a textile mill named Empress mills in Nagpur instead of Bombay — India’s textile hub. The Empress Mills experiment were proved to be a stroke of genius.

Jamsetji was always concerned about the welfare of his employees. He laid out plans for a conducive workplace, shorter working hours, and employee benefits such as provident fund and gratuity. In 1886, Empress Mills pioneers employee welfare initiatives, long before they are enacted by law. 150 years later, the Tata Group remains a ‘people-first’ enterprise.

Jamsetji realised that India needed a technologically proficient generation and thus established the JN Tata Endowment Scheme in 1892 to help Indian students pursue higher studies abroad.

Another of his dreams was that India should have expertise in science and technology, for its development. Thus, he founded Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (now Bengaluru) – an institution for advanced scientific education and research. In 1898, he pledged Rs. 3 million half of his personal fortune, towards setting it up.

He created the beautiful Taj Mahal Hotel in Bombay. He was once denied entry into a city hotel because of his Indian identity. This prompted him to construct an equally grand place for Indians. The Taj Mahal Hotel opens for business on December 16, 1903, at the cost of Rs 42 million.

Jamsetji founded Tata Steel, because he believed that steel was essential for our nation’s infrastructure, we should not be reliant on imported steel. He also pioneered India’s first major hydro-electric project, so that the city of Mumbai could have clean electric power.

His visions also included a well-planned city with a lot of greenery. The city, which is now known as Jamshedpur in Jharkhand, was borne out of his vision.

J N Tata had four dream ventures – setting up an iron and steel company, a world-class learning institution, a world-class hotel and a hydro-electric company. Only one of his dreams came true during his lifetime – the Taj Mahal Hotel.

Jamsetji Tata died in 1904. His other three dreams were realised by his sons : Tata Iron and Steel Company (now Tata Steel) was set up in 1907; Tata Power in 1910; and the Indian Institute of Science in Bengaluru in 1911. However, his legacy left a mark on these three institutions.

His Legacy

Jamsetji believed in nation-building and sought to provide India with what he felt was necessary for India’s economic development. He lived and dedicated his life for the love of our country.

“There is one kind of charity common enough among us… It is that patchwork philanthropy which clothes the ragged, feeds the poor, and heals the sick. I am far from decrying the noble spirit which seeks to help a poor or suffering fellow being… [However] what advances a nation or a community is not so much to prop up its weakest and most helpless members, but to lift up the best and the most gifted, so as to make them of the greatest service to the country.” – Jamsetji Tata

Jamsetji’s ideas and visions were more than just a business. He was a philanthropist who believed in selfless philanthropy, and his constructive philosophy became the tradition for the Tata Group.

#BENEFITS OF ELEARNING #ELEARNING #ELEARNING COURSES #ELEARNING PROGRAMS #HOMAGE TO FOUNDER #JAMSETJI NUSSERWANJI TATA #JAMSHEDPUR #ONLINE COURSES #TATA STEEL #TATA STEEL DIGIE-SHALA #TATA STEEL ELEARNING COURSES #TATA STEEL ONLINE COURSES

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hudsonespie · 3 years ago

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The Ultimate Guide To Higher Studies For Mariners – Part 3

Part III: From High seas to inquisitive classrooms: India calling

The inception

India has its fair share of renowned MBA institutions. Alumni belonging to these esteemed centers have left their mark in the world, with regards to business and economy. Thus, getting an offer to study at one of these institutions would be nothing short of an honor.

Looking further into Indian B-schools we are bound to come across PGDM vs MBA point. According to the Indian governing council for technical education, i.e AITCE, only a deemed university can accord a Masters’s degree – MBA in this case.

As a lot of these B-schools are standalone institutions, neither affiliated to any university nor are a deemed university, they cannot grant degrees. So, they grant diplomas – Post-Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM).

Unlike the huge difference between diplomas in Engg and BTech/B.E. in Engg, PGDMs and MBAs are considered at par. Thus, to clarify both PGDM and MBA are the same.

Common Admission Test (CAT) conducted by IIMs and Xavier Aptitude Test (XAT) conducted by XLRI are the two most common entrance examinations to apply for MBA/PGDM in India.

Other institutes may accept either of these two scores or conduct their own exams. For example, the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) conducts its own exam for MBA(International Business), and the Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) has NMAT (NMIMS Management Aptitude Test). Just getting a good percentile is not enough.

The admission process includes – Written Ability Test (WAT), Group discussion (GD), and Personal Interview (PI). Every institute has its own process. Generally, IIMs and XLRI shortlist via their CAT/XAT score and invite candidates for further rounds.

The final selection criteria are also varied among institutions – profile marking, work exp weightage, GD/PI performance, test score. For other institutions we need to apply beforehand, giving our CAT/XAT/ other test registration numbers in the application.

Needless to say, when the test results are announced, these institutions verify our score and evaluating it with their own minimum criteria. After this only, do we get an invitation email for further rounds?

When we talk about MBA in India IIMs and XLRI come first. Indian Institute of Management (IIMs) is the premier institution set up by the Govt of India long back. Among B-school aspirants, IIMs are divided into older IIMs and newer IIMs.

The older IIMs, in lieu of being established way back, have excellent faculties, famous alumni, competitive cohort, amazing placements – thus are the dream school.

The older IIMs are referred to as BLACKI (IIM Bangalore, IIM Lucknow, IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Calcutta, IIM Kozhikode, and IIM Indore). Within BLACKI – ABC are the bluest of the blue.

The only other institutes that match the aura of ABC are XLRI Jamshedpur and ISB Hyderabad. But ISB Hyd requires certain work experience to apply. Something that other B-schools do not have. XLRI runs two flagship programs – PGP BM and PGP HR, where BM stands for Business Management and HR for Human Resources. Its HR program is considered one of the finest in Asia.

Faculty of Management Studies (FMS) is a constituent college of Delhi University. It ranks among the top ten and is one of the most competitive colleges to get an admit – lesser seats/more applications being one of the reasons. Sharing a similar predicament to FMS is Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS) – Dept of Management, University of Mumbai.

Management Development Institute (MDI) Gurgaon established by the Industrial Finance Corporation of India is another premier institution offering business studies. Located near the commercial hub of Delhi, it too has quality students, eminent faculties, and renowned alumni.

For addressing the conundrum of foreign trade, the Ministry of Commerce, Govt of India had constructed the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) in the 1960s. Initially, set up to train civil servants of the Indian Trade Service (ITS) cadre, it has morphed into one of the finest B-schools in India.

Its flagship program MBA (International Business) concentrates on commerce, foreign trade, etc. Quite a number of senior executives at commodity trading and chartering firms such as Cargill, Olam, Kewalram Chanrai, etc have graduated from here.

IMT Ghaziabad, SP Jain Mumbai, NMIMS Mumbai, Great Lakes Chennai also count among the premier business learning centers of India. Few IITs and some NITs also offer MBA. Vinod Gupta School of Management (VGSOM) IIT Kgp, Shailesh J Mehta School of Management (SJMSOM) IIT Bombay, Dept. of Management Studies (DOMS) IIT Madras to name a few are considered amongst the top tier. With regards to NITs Dept. of Management Studies NIT Trichy, School of Management NIT Rourkela are well known.

Executive MBA/ EPGP/ PGPx

The setting up of ISB Hyderabad boosted the executive education scenario in India. One should note that there is a very different point of view with regards to executive education between Indian institutes and foreign universities.

Reputed business schools abroad accept candidates usually with 4-6 years of work experience for their general MBA program. For their executive MBA (EMBA), candidates need to have at least 10 years of managerial experience, either at mid-senior or senior level, to become eligible for applying.

In vast contrast to this, well-respected Indian institutions need a 5-year work experience, sans level, for candidates to apply. The reason for the disparity is the fact that fresh graduates without any work experience are eligible to apply for MBA programs in India which is not the case abroad.

The Post Graduate Program in Management (PGPM) is the flagship program offered by ISB Hyd. When it was launched around 20 years back, it kind of became a cult. During that time the other top institutions – namely BLACKI, XLRI, and FMS – did not have any minimum work experience criteria in their eligibility column (ISB had a minimum of 2 years of work experience).

Over the years they have added various programs to suit the different work experiences of candidates. PGP-MAX for senior executives with 10 years of work experience and PGP-Pro for working professionals with 5 years of work experience. ISB accepts GRE/GMAT scores for its programs.

Thus to this date, it continues to be the flagbearer for executive education in India. Since ISB Hyd has quite a lot of alumni belonging to the maritime industry, it is a hot favorite among seafarers. It should be remembered that ISB positions its One year MBA as the general MBA and its PGP-MAX as executive MBA.

Xavier Labour Research Institute (XLRI) Jamshedpur is the oldest business school in India. It offers a 15-month full-time residential program called EPGDM for candidates with a minimum of 5 years of work experience.

This program helps candidates to grapple with cutting-edge business notions, develop their management perspectives, and nurture them to think beyond the obvious.

The eligibility test is either XAT or GMAT/GRE. Similar to ISB, XLRI too has a lot of marine engineers as alumni to boast. On a personal front, I was taught by a retired extra-First class Chief Engineer and XLRI alumnus during MEO preparatory classes.

BLACKI too offers executive MBA programs for experienced professionals. Some offer Post Graduate Program either via a two-year path or via a one-year duration. The two-year path is meant for working professionals who wish to study as well as continue working.

The course is generally structured through interactive learning as it is a non-residential program. The one-year duration program is the flagship program with respect to executive education. It is a comprehensive full-time residential program. A valid GMAT/GRE score and a reasonable work experience of at least 5 years (some have a minimum requirement of 4 years) are the eligibility criteria. If one browses through their class profile, one can generally find quite a few sailors in the ranks.

Apart from these, MDI Gurgaon, SP Jain Mumbai, FMS Delhi, Great Lakes Chennai, IIFT Delhi, IMT Ghaziabad, NMIMS Mumbai, etc along with a few of the newer IIMs and some of the IITs (Kgp, Bombay, Madras, etc) offer this.

There is always confusion between one-year MBAs offered in India and executive MBAs abroad (apart from the duration of work experience).

The thing is AICTE classifies one-year MBAs offered in India as full-time residential programs and denotes them as ‘Executive PGDM’ of Executive MBA’. While abroad, Executive MBA is usually a two-year non-residential module-based program.

Specialized Masters

This trend is slowly catching up in India. Some institutions have introduced programs not so long ago, while some institutions are attracting renewed interest to theirs. Take for example the multi-disciplinary MBA in Business Analytics offered by IIM Bangalore.

This newly launched 24 months, immersive program develops students to integrate sound management principles and deep analytics to approach a viable solution.

In this digital era, data is the bloodline of the economy. Through data mining and analyzing, one can gather past information, diagnose, and predict the future swing. In short – Analytics Value Escalator – comprising descriptive analytics, diagnostic analytics, predictive analytics, and prescriptive analytics.

The Planned Maintenance System (PMS) used onboard, calculating Main Engine performance to predict hull fouling, even our bunker stemming plan are examples of data analytics only – though at a rudimentary level.

The Post Graduate Program for Executives in Visionary Leadership in Manufacturing (PGPEX-VLM) offered by IIM Calcutta in collaboration with IIT Kanpur and IIT Madras was started in 2006-07.

This one-year specialty program developed under Indo-Japan Joint Cooperation Agreement nurtures leaders to become pioneers in the manufacturing sector having a strong impetus for new-age technology.

ISB Hyderabad’s Advanced Management Program in Business Analytics (AMP-BA), IIM Kozhikode’s PGP in Liberal Studies and Management, etc. are few examples of specialized masters being offered in India.

Master in Tech

Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is the basic qualifying exam for pursuing higher studies in the core technical fields in IITs, NITs, CFTIs, etc. With respect to maritime, 2 years full-time M.Tech is offered in Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Dredging and Harbour Engineering, and Marine Engineering and Management by IMU.

IIT Kharagpur also offers Post Graduate Program in Maritime Operations and Management (PGPMOM). The criteria for selection being MEO Class I COC followed by an interview. The commencement of this program is under the sole discretion of IIT Kgp following the sufficient availability of suitable candidates.

Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), a state government-owned university, and AMET, a deemed to be a self-funded university, also offer M.Tech in Marine Engineering. The admission process to these two is via a rank list, where work experience and MEO COCs carry heavy weightage.

The higher the COC more the weightage. Another self-funded college, Tolani Maritime Institute offers one-year post-graduate programs in M.Sc Marine Engineering and in M.Sc Technical Ship Management. These programs are offered by Glasgow-based University of Strathclyde. Candidates study for 16 weeks at the Tolani campus and then seek to admit into the second semester at Glasgow.

Work Integrated Learning Program (WILP) is offered by BITS Pilani. This UGC-approved (received approval in late 2020) program focuses on strengthening one’s technical acumen, upgrading skills, and earning a BITS branded M.Tech degree while not interrupting one’s career.

In layman’s terms, it is a part-time M.Tech program. Though Masters’s is not offered in marine engineering, it is offered in other general fields, such as Design Engineering, Manufacturing Management, Microelectronics, Quality Management, etc. whose applications are used in the shipbuilding sector.

Note: Though an op-ed, every detail has been carefully vetted and cross-checked. Still, test patterns, admission rules, etc. are subjected to change. Aspirants are always advised to check with the concerned authorities while applying. Neither the author nor Marine Insight would be held accountable for any loss of chance to the aspirant.

Disclaimer: The authors’ views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of Marine Insight. Data and charts, if used, in the article have been sourced from available information and have not been authenticated by any statutory authority. The author and Marine Insight do not claim it to be accurate nor accept any responsibility for the same. The views constitute only the opinions and do not constitute any guidelines or recommendations on any course of action to be followed by the reader.

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k3mistryproductions · 7 years ago

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Two days ago, InStyle magazine posted an interview that writer and editor Romy Oltuski conducted with actress and star of the hit ABC series Quantico Priyanka Chopra. In this interview, Chopra highlighted that she has lost acting “parts solely because of her skin color” (Oltuski, 2018, para. 12). In fact, she explicitly stated that just last year while she was going for a movie role, a person working on that film called her agent and allegedly said Chopra had the wrong physicality for the part. When Chopra’s agent informed her of this, she initially thought the person meant she did not have the body type for the acting role. However, she was later informed that “physicality” meant she needed to be a lighter shade.

Though the actress is now comfortable with her body, which Chopra refers to as brown in complexion, she recounted a time when she was a teenager who felt uncomfortable about her skin tone. From there, she asserted that racism seeps into movie castings, but it’s subtle. Chopra furthermore stated that women of color tend to get paid less in Hollywood, which the numbers reflect.

According to Choma and Prusaczyk (2018), for women of color lighter skin is intricately associated with attraction and sexual allure. Furthermore, “Whiteness is a dominant standard of beauty” (p. 2). This issue of skin tone discrimination applies to people of various racial and ethnic backgrounds. Chopra identifies as Indian, having been born in Jamshedpur. It’s important to note that lighter skinned women in India enjoy more luxuries like higher-paying jobs and promotions, higher education, and greater political opportunities (Choma & Prusaczyk, 2018). Therefore, the discrimination felt by Chopra in the U.S. doesn’t’ stop just there. It’s part of a larger worldwide issue.

References

Choma, B. L., & Prusaczyk, E. (2018). The Effects of System Justifying Beliefs on Skin-Tone Surveillance, Skin-Color Dissatisfaction, and Skin-Bleaching Behavior. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 0361684317747845.

Oltuski, R. (2018, April 10). Priyanka Chopra Lost a Movie Role Because of Her Skin Color. Retrieved April 12, 2018, from http://www.instyle.com/news/priyanka-chopra-equal-pay

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alunircom01-blog · 7 years ago

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Alunir

4 Best Business Schools in India

Business is undoubtedly one of the most promising and lucrative fields of study in the world. There are numerous B-schools across India with diverse curriculums and faculty practices. While most of them make substantial claims, and promise a set of unique skills to excel in the industry, we all know that it’s far from the truth. It then makes it hard for you as students to differentiate between the top business schools in India and the ones that only claim to be so. You must evaluate parameters such as the facilities on campus, the institute’s business contacts, exposure to the real world, industry visits and the likes before you finalise the school where you’re going to spend your salad days. We have assembled a list of such schools that excel in this field of study and offer some of the best placements across the nation:

The Indian Institute of Management

The Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, is probably the most obvious inclusion in the list. It has consistently topped the list of B-schools in India for years. The institute is revered for inviting personalities to give educational and inspirational talks to the students almost regularly. You will find some of the biggest names speaking to the students, which is only possible for reputable institutes. Additionally, you’ll get to be part of various competitions and live projects. Marketing aspirants, for example, can compete with peers for companies like P&G and HUL, and master their lessons in marketing excellence.

XLRI Xavier Institute of Management

Established in 1949, the XLRI Xavier Institute of Management is located in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand. The school which was initially the Xavier Labour Relations Institute is the oldest business management school in India. A full-time general management program (PGDM-GM – 15 months), a full-time two-year post-graduate program in Business Management, Human Resources Management (previously Personnel Management and Industrial relations and Global MBA) among other doctoral fellow programs (FPM) make it one the most diverse set of degrees and courses available at a single institute.

Undergraduate Business School, IILM

The Undergraduate Business School, IILM is the best private B-school in Delhi and NCR. The institute offers BBA in Entrepreneurship integrated with international degrees. The well-placed alumni numbering over 9000 is eternally available for help and instruction. The school offers global study programs with 400 associations worldwide as well. Additionally, the school’s state-of-the-art campus and business network are unmatched throughout the industry. A course at the school gives the opportunity to the students to pursue higher education overseas with their collaboration with the Swiss Business School (SBS).

Faculty of Management Studies (FMS)

Known for its consultancy, research, and academic and training programmes, the Faculty of Management Studies is yet another top b-school in Delhi. The institute was established in 1954 under the University of Delhi and follows one of the most rigorous selection procedures in the country. One of the best things about the institute is the faculty – every sitting member holds a Doctorate of Philosophy. The part-time and full time-courses here are assisted by interactive sessions between the industry professionals and the students.

Rest assured, if you graduate from one of the preceding schools, you will be able to attain a set of skills making you eligible to work for the most prestigious business enterprises or be competent to take your family business to new heights.

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vaishcurrentaffairs-blog · 7 years ago

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Current affairs September 09th

1. Pakistan opensfifth nuclear power plant

Pakistan received a major boost as a China-backed 340 MW nuclear power plant in its Punjab province was inaugurated.

The fifth nuclear plant C-4 plant is located at Chashma in Mianwali district of the Punjab province.

No outages after November

The nuclear plants were a source of cheap energy and Pakistan would work on setting up more such plants.

The government was completing all energy projects on a fast-track basis to tackle the chronic energy shortages.

Chashma already has three nuclear power plants known as C-1, C-2 and C-3, which are contributing to the national grid along with a similar plant in Karachi.

Pakistan is also building two more nuclear power plants in Karachi known as K-2 and K-3 aimed to give a major boost to civil nuclear energy after completion.

Pakistan has been grappling with power shortage and the unusually long hours of power outages has been haunting its people for about a decade.

Cooperation in many areas

Pakistan and China are actively cooperating in many other areas, including construction of roads, motorways, airports and upgradation of Pakistan Railways.

Many projects were initiated under the $50 billion China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).

2. Stone inscription in Tamil found near Jolarpet

A stone inscription, which was partially buried on the banks of a waterbody in Thammalerimuthur near Jolarpet.

The inscriptions in Tamil suggest that it could date back to 1,100 years.

The stone was about six foot tall, and it was partially buried on the banks of a waterbody.

The statue of ‘Kottravai,’ a deity, was found sculpted in the front, while the rear had the inscription in Tamil.

The inscription is about donation of land and gold. It also mentions the word “Kazhanju,” which was a unit of measurement for gold.

3. Karnataka govt. to conduct vendor development and investor summit on Nov 23-24

Focusing on six key sectors, the Karnataka government will hold a Vendor Development and Investor Summit 2017 on November 23 and 24 at Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC), on the outskirts of the City.

Launching a logo of the summit on Thursday, Minister for Medium and Large Industries R.V. Deshpande said the the event would provide opportunities to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to showcase their capabilities to various original equipment manufacturers (OEMS).

Besides buyer-seller meets, B2B meetings, B2G meetings, the event would facilitate opportunity to companies to explore the investment opportunities in the State.

The sectors it will focus on are: aerospace and defence equipment, automobile, biotech, agriculture, textile and innovation and start-ups.

An exhibition would also be organised and sector-specific sessions would be held covering policy interventions, strategies for enhancing ecosystem, road map for future growth.

As a run up to the event, the government has organised road shows in major cities such as Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Pune, Ahmedabad, and Jamshedpur.

District road shows across the State have been organised in association with Karnataka Small Scale Industries Association (KASSIA) in order to mobilise representation of MSMEs from across the State and across all sectors and sections.

4. Centre sets up panel to suggest on new jobs

The NDA government has constituted a new task force led by NITI Aayog vice-chairman Rajiv Kumar to recommend measures to increase employment by promoting labour-intensive exports.

While the Indian workforce has high aspirations, a majority of the workers are still employed in low-productivity, low-wage jobs in small, micro and own-account enterprises.

An urgent and sustained expansion of the organized sector is essential to address India’s unemployment and under-employment issue.

5. Army to induct 800 women into military police

In yet another significant step towards inducting women into the military, the Army would admit nearly 800 women into the Corps of Military Police in non-officer ranks over the next few years.

The announcement came a day after India’s first full-time woman Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman assumed office.

The Army, at present, has women only in the officer ranks, and that too just a few thousand of them.

In the light of increasing requirement for investigations into gender-specific crimes and allegations, it was felt necessary to introduce women in the Corps of Military Police.

He said the Army had established two artificial reproductive technique centres for the benefit of childless couples in the force.

The centres in Bhopal and Guwahati are in addition to the existing ones in Delhi, Pune and Mumbai.

The Army will set up two residential Army Public Schools, with a capacity of 2,000 children each.

6. Foster mother honoured in Singapore for humanitarian works

A Chinese woman, raised by an Indian family, has been conferred with the ‘Champion of Community’ award for fostering 43 children in Singapore over a period of 35 years. Indranee Elizabeth Nadisen (77), was awarded with a trophy and a check of 10,000 Singapore Dollars which she donated to the Ramakrishna Mission and the Sree Narayana Mission. Her work has been recognised with a series of awards since 2001. The latest being the Community Champion award given by ’tabla!’, a social-lifestyle weekly catering to the Indian community.

7. Inflation likely to be at 3.2% in August

Consumer price index-based inflation is likely to record a rise to 3.2 % in August, driven by increases in food and oil prices, global brokerage Morgan Stanley report.

CPI inflation stood at 2.4 % in July.

At the same time, stronger food and oil prices are also expected to accelerate wholesale price index (WPI) index to 2.9 % in August from 1.9 % in July, the global brokerage report.

Further, the report estimates that the country’s current account deficit would widen to USD 11.2 billion (1.9 % of GDP) for April-June quarter 2017 from USD 3.5 billion (0.6 % of GDP) in the preceding quarter.

Going by Morgan Stanley estimates, the trade deficit is expected to narrow to about USD 10.3 billion in August from USD 11.5 billion in July, driven by seasonal factors.

8. Inder Jit Singh was appointed as Chairperson of National Authority Chemical Weapons Convention (NACWC).

Inder Jit Singh was on 7 September 2017 given the additional charge of the post of Chairperson of National Authority Chemical Weapons Convention (NACWC).

Inder Jit Singh is a 1985-batch IAS officer of Kerala cadre.

About National Authority for Chemical Weapons Convention (NACWC)

• Established on 29 April 2017, National Authority for Chemical Weapons Convention was set up as an office of the Cabinet Secretariat to fulfil the obligations under the Chemical Weapons Convention.

• It acts as the national focal point for effective bond with the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and other State Parties on matters relating to the Convention.

• It comprises a Chairperson and three Directors. The Directors comprise the Joint Secretary in NACWC, DG of Directorate of Revenue and Intelligence and Joint Secretary of the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals.

9. International Literacy Day 2017

Today, on the occasion o the 51st International Literacy Day, the Government of India would felicitate dignitaries and confer to them the Saakshar Bharat Awards..

The Saakshar Bharat Awards are given to the best performing states, districts, gram panchayats and NGOs at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.

The theme for this year’s International Literacy Day is ‘Literacy in Digital World’.

Increase in India’s literacy rate

As per an NDTV report, India has reasons to rejoice as the literacy rate in India increased to 69.3 per cent in 2011 per educational statistics for 2015-16.

In comparison to 2001, when the literacy rate was 61.0 per cent, the improvement is decent.

A dramatic improvement is seen in the literacy rate of female population which improved from 47.8 per cent in 2001 to 59.3 per cent in 2011.

Among males, the literacy rate has improved from 73.4 per cent in 2001 to 78.8 per cent in 2011.

Female illiteracy

The UNESCO reports on literacy around the world states that young women still contribute the largest ratio of illiterate youth around the world with almost 59 per cent of illiterate youth being women.

With the gross enrolment ratio (GER) of girls almost equalling that of boys in secondary and senior secondary level of school, India certainly has improved the literacy rate for young women.

But there still is a requirement of enhancing India’s enrolment in higher education where there is a significant gap.

10. AP signs MoU for Hyperloop;

The Andhra Pradesh government joined hands with a US-based company to introduce the futuristic “Hyperloop” transportation system in the state capital region, Amrawati.

This will be the first Hyperloop project to be implemented in India.

The concept of Hyperloop mode of transportation is notably backed by business magnate and inventor Elon Musk.

But it has not been implemented for practical use anywhere in the world yet.

The AP Economic Development Board (AP-EDB) and the US- based Hyperloop Transportation Technologies (HTT) signed the memorandum of understanding (MoU). .

The project will be taken up in the public-private- partnership mode with the funding coming primarily from private investors.

Hyperloop is proposed to be introduced between the city centres of Vijayawada and Amaravati. It will supposedly cover the distance of over 35 km only in five minutes.

What is Hyperloop?

Hyperloop envisages a tube modular transport system that runs free of friction.

11. Viveck Goenka elected new PTI Chairman, The Hindu’s N. Ravi is Vice Chairman

Viveck Goenka, Chairman and Managing Director of the Express Group, and N. Ravi, former Editor-in-Chief of The Hindu, were unanimously elected Chairman and Vice Chairman of Press Trust of India.

Mr. Goenka (60) succeeds Riyad Mathew, who is Senior Assistant Editor and a member of the Manorama management.

Mr. Ravi (69) succeeds Mr. Goenka as Vice Chairman.

12. Joint Military Training Yudh Abhyas 2017

Exercise Yudh Abhyas 2017: India-US Joint Military Training to be Held From September 14 to 27.

The joint military training will be conducted at Joint Base Lewis McChord, Washington, USA from September 14 to 27 2017.

Exercise Yudh Abhyas is one of the largest joint running military training and defence corporation endeavors between India and USA.

This will be the 13th edition of the joint exercise hosted alternately between the two countries.

What is the use of this kind of training?

It will provide an opportunity to the armed forces of both countries to train in an integrated manner at Battalion level with joint planning.

What kind of training it is?

Multiple scenarios will be rehearsed during the joint exercise with a view to understand each-other s organisational structure and battle procedures which would result in a higher degree of jointmanship that would further facilitate interoperability between the armed forces of both countries to meet any unforeseen contingency across the globe.

The exercise will also be an ideal platform to learn from each-other s experiences of planning and execution of operations.

Both armies will jointly train, plan and execute a series of well-developed operations for neutralisation of threats of varied nature.

In the end a joint exercise will be undertaken by both countries in an operational setting under a UN mandate.

Experts from both sides will also hold expert academic and military discussions to share each other s experiences on varied topics for mutual benefit.

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