#Inner Core

[unbfacts]

In 2023, scientists discovered that Earth's inner core is slowing down and may even be reversing its rotation relative to the surface. This shift could be part of a long-term cycle lasting 60-70 years.

[mindblowingscience]

Data captured from seismic waves caused by earthquakes has shed new light on the deepest parts of Earth's inner core, according to seismologists from The Australian National University (ANU).

By measuring the different speeds at which these waves penetrate and pass through the Earth's inner core, the researchers believe they've documented evidence of a distinct layer inside Earth known as the innermost inner core—a solid "metallic ball" that sits within the center of the inner core.

Not long ago it was thought Earth's structure was comprised of four distinct layers: the crust, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core. The findings, published in Nature Communications, confirm there is a fifth layer.

"The existence of an internal metallic ball within the inner core, the innermost inner core, was hypothesized about 20 years ago. We now provide another line of evidence to prove the hypothesis," Dr. Thanh-Son Phạm, from the ANU Research School of Earth Sciences, said.

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[slowandsweet]

Music doesn't just occasionally cross my mind. It constantly lives there.

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Bday 25.10.2024

[loveforimperfectthings]

“Just as a mother looks at her child with love, look at your own suffering with compassion. You will soon feel that you are not alone. There is a soft inner core of love and caring at the heart of every suffering. You are not thrown into this world alone.”

- Haemin Sunim, Love for imperfect things -

[a-modernmajorgeneral]

The only way to know firsthand would be to take a real Journey to the Center of the Earth—but for now, a new study suggests our planet’s inner core might be spinning more slowly than it used to.

The Earth’s inner core, a solid ball of iron and nickel about 70 percent of the size of the moon, rotates along with the rest of the planet, but scientists disagree about whether it might spin at a slightly slower, faster or equal speed, compared to the outer layers. The study, published in June in the journal Nature, uses seismic waves to add evidence for the idea that the inner core switches between spinning faster and slower than Earth’s crust.

Such changes in the inner core’s spin could have a small impact on the Earth’s magnetic field—and they could, very marginally, alter the length of days up on the surface.

The inner core is “a planet within a planet, so how it moves is obviously very important,” Xiaodong Song, a seismologist at Peking University in China, told the New York Times’ Robin George Andrews last year.

But scientists have been struggling to pin down the specifics of the inner core’s motion. The controversy of whether or not the heart of the planet spins differently than the rest of the Earth reignited in January 2023, after Song and others proposed in Nature Geoscience that the core’s rotation oscillates in a 70-year cycle, alternating between leading and lagging the spin of the planet every 35 years. The most recent switch, from faster to slower than the outer part of the Earth, occurred about 15 years ago, according to those researchers.

“This paper shows that the evidence for [faster] rotation is strong before about 2009 and basically dies off in subsequent years.” Paul Richards, a seismologist at Columbia University who was not involved with either paper, told the Washington Post’sCarolyn Y. Johnson in 2023.

Not all scientists who study the interior of the planet agreed, however. Dongdong Tian, a seismologist at the China University of Geosciences, and Lianxing Wen, a geoscientist at Stony Brook University, wrote in a comment to the journal Geophysical Research Letters that fluctuations on the surface of the inner core could explain the observed changes, even if its spin was constant.

Now, the new study provides support in favor of last year’s paper, suggesting the inner core has been decreasing its speed since about 2008—and it fuels further debates on the nature of Earth’s center.

Researchers have no way of directly observing the planet’s innermost layers, so they instead rely on tracking the energy released by earthquakes. These seismic events generate waves of energy that pass through the Earth’s crust, mantle and core.

To view these waves, geologists use a tool called a seismometer to record the shaking of the Earth’s surface that’s generated by an earthquake. The instrument produces wiggles on a line graph, which they call waveforms. The researchers understood that if they tracked waveforms from seismic waves that passed along the same path through the center of the Earth in different years, they might be able to see how the inner structure of the planet is evolving over time.

For the study, they observed patterns in the waveforms from 121 earthquakes that originated in the South Sandwich Islands near Antarctica from 1991 to 2023. These were recorded on a seismometer in Alaska after traveling through the Earth’s interior. If the inner core is rotating at a different speed than the layers above it, then the repeated seismic waves should have passed through different areas of the inner core during the 32-year period, leading to differences in the detected waveforms, even while they take the same overall path through the planet, per Science News’ Nikk Ogasa.

But if the inner core was shifting its speed in a cycle, some of these waveforms would repeat. And sure enough, the team was able to match more than 25 patterns before and after 2008, showing a symmetry they say is explained by a recent slowing of the inner core’s speed.

“When I first saw the seismograms that hinted at this change, I was stumped,” study co-author John Vidale, an earth scientist at the University of Southern California, says in a statement. “But when we found two dozen more observations signaling the same pattern, the result was inescapable. The inner core had slowed down for the first time in many decades.”

Still, not everyone is convinced. Wen tells Science News that even with the new study, “nothing has changed”—he maintains that the expanding and contracting of the inner core’s surface is significant enough to explain the patterns observed in the waveforms.

Debates like these tend to polarize the scientific community. But Hrvoje Tkalčić, a geophysicist at the Australian National University who was not involved with the study, tells Science News “it is very likely the truth is somewhere in between.” To try to understand the unreachable depths of Earth’s interior, scientists tend to make a lot of assumptions, he says. “We need more data to find the ultimate truth.”

[martin-james2121]

Europe is set to launch EnVision Mission in 2031, focused on studying Venus and its inner core

The European Space Agency (ESA) has given the official green light to the EnVision mission, which assures to offer groundbreaking insights into Venus, our nearest planetary neighbor.

Scheduled for liftoff in 2031 aboard an Ariane 6 rocket, EnVision will undertake a thorough examination of Venus, delving into its fiery inner core and exploring its dynamic outer atmosphere. This ambitious endeavor seeks to unravel the planet’s intricate history, geological processes, and extraordinary climate conditions.

“EnVision is all set to revolutionize our comprehension of Venus,” remarked Thomas Voirin, ESA EnVision study manager. “With the mission blueprint firmly established, we’re enthusiastic about transitioning from planning to construction. Our objective is to unravel the mysteries surrounding what may be the most enigmatic terrestrial planet in the Solar System.”

EnVision’s array of advanced instruments will unravel the mysteries of Venus. It will mark the inaugural mission to directly investigate the planet’s subsurface features using a radar sounder, offering insights into its geological dynamics. Additionally, VenSAR, an advanced radar tool, will furnish intricate surface maps, uncovering the planet’s terrain with precision up to 10 meters.

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[michellsgrace]

The True Purpose of the Soul

I am on a path of new information and expansion! Enjoy the evolution!

Welcome to 2024 the year of frequency expansion and Spiritual evolution! Now that 2023 with all of its colorful moments has passed, it is time for Spiritual expansion and focus. The first part of this year carries frequencies to enhance the opportunity for healing and evolution of our souls to carry us into a 5D expression of the heart.  What does this mean?  It is the awakening that has been…

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foggy day in the forest.

[ithrivehere]

Exploring The Muladhara (Root) Chakra

In the last blog post, we talked about the seven wheels of energy for beginners. I listed the traditional Hindu name, color, location of the chakras, and affirmations. In this article, we’re going to take a deep look into the root chakra. This foundation of our energy system provides an essential balance and well-being. The translation in English means wheel. The root chakra, also known as the…

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2004 Sumatra Quake and Tsunami: Link

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[eideard]

Has Earth’s Inner Core Shifted It's Spin-Cycle...Again?

Thousands of kilometres beneath your feet, Earth’s interior might be doing something very weird. Many scientists think that the inner core spins faster than the rest of the planet — but sometime in the past decade, according to a study, it apparently stopped doing so… “We were quite surprised,” say Yi Yang and Xiaodong Song, seismologists at Peking University in Beijing who reported the findings…

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Bday 26.10.2024