#Global Essay Competition

[townpostin]

XLRI Jamshedpur HRM Student Shresth Tiwari Wins Global Essay Competition

XLRI Jamshedpur’s Shresth Tiwari triumphs at the 53rd St. Gallen Symposium in Switzerland, highlighting concerns about data practices in the metaverse. Shresth Tiwari from XLRI Jamshedpur’s HRM batch of 2023-25 has won the prestigious Global Essay Competition at the 53rd St. Gallen Symposium held in Switzerland. JAMSHEDPUR – XLRI Jamshedpur proudly congratulates Shresth Tiwari, a student from the…

[webvacancy]

St. Gallen Symposium Global Essay Competition 2023 (CHF 20,000 prize)

St. Gallen Symposium Global Essay Competition 2023 (CHF 20,000 prize)

Deadline: February 1, 2023 Applications are open for the St. Gallen Symposium Global Essay Competition 2023. Compete in the Global Essay Competition and qualify for participation as a Leader of Tomorrow in the world’s premier opportunity for cross-generational debates: The St. Gallen Symposium. Meet 300 of society’s brightest young minds. Present and debate your ideas with 600 senior leaders. Be…

[sasaranurude]

Okay. I've been playing Tokyo Debunker today, since the release happened to catch me on a day when all I'd planned to do was write fanfiction. I just finished reading the game story prologue (it was longer than expected!), so here's a review type post. If you're reading this post not having seen a single thing about this game: it's a story-based joseimuke gacha mobile game that just released globally today. It's about a girl who suddenly finds herself attending a magic school and mingling with elite, superhuman students known as ghouls. If you look in the tumblr tag for the game you'll see what appears to be a completely different game from 2019 or so: they retooled it completely midway through development, changing just about everything about it due to "escalating competition within the gaming industry."

I'll talk about how this looks like a blatant twst clone at the end.

Starting with the positive: The story is charming. I enjoyed it thoroughly the entire time and am excited to read more. The mix between visual novel segments and motion comics was really nice--it broke things up and added a lot of oomph to the action or atmospheric scenes that visual novels generally lack. I like the art in the comic parts a lot. the live2d in the visual novel parts is... passable. Tone-wise, I think the story was a little bit all over the place and would like to see more of the horror that it opened on, but I didn't mind the comedic direction it went in either. The translation is completely seamless. The characters so far all have unique voices and are just super fun and cute. Of the ones who've had larger roles in the story so far, there's not a single one I dislike. It's all fully voiced in Japanese and the acting is solid. (I don't recognize any voices, and can't seem to find any seiyuu credits, so it seems they're not big names, but they deliver nonetheless.) Kaito in particular I found I was laughing at his lines a ton, both the voicing and the writing.

He's looking for a girlfriend btw. Spreading the word.

The problem is like. The gameplay is the worst dark-pattern microtransaction-riddled bullshit I've ever seen. Hundred passive timers going at all times. Fifty different item-currencies. Trying to get you to spend absurd amounts of real world money at every turn. There's like five different indicators that take you to various real-money shop items that I don't know how to dismiss the indicator, I guess you just have to spend money, wtaf. Bajillion different interlocking systems mean you have zero sense of relative value of all the different item-currencies. I did over the course of the day get enough diamonds for one ten-pull, which I haven't used yet. Buying enough diamonds for a ten-pull costs a bit under $60 (presumably USD, but there's a chance the interface is automatically making that CAD for me--not gonna spend the money to check lmfao), with an SSR rate of 1%. BULLSHIIIIIT.

There's like a goddamn thousand-word essay explaining the dozen different types of character upgrades and equippables and equippables for the equippables!! Bad! Bad game design! That's just overcomplicating bullshit to trick people into thinking they're doing something other than clicking button to make number go up! That is not gameplay!

In terms of the actual gameplay, there is none. The battle system is full auto. There might be teambuilding, but from what I've seen so far, most of that consists of hoping you pull good cards from gacha and then clicking button to make number go up. There's occasional rhythm segments but there's no original music, it's just remixes of public domain classical music lmao. I'd describe the rhythm gameplay as "at least more engaging than twisted wonderland's," which is not a high bar

At least there's a cat in the rhythm bit.

And like, ok, I gotta remark on how derivative it is. Like I mentioned in my post earlier, this game is unabashedly aping twisted wonderland's setting and aesthetic. (That said, most of the stuff it steals from twst is magic school stuff that twst also basically stole from Harry Potter, so...?) However, it isn't exactly like twst: in this one, the characters say fuck a lot and bleed all over the place and do violence. Basically, the tone is a fair bit more adult than twst's kid-friendly vibe. (Not, like, adult adult, and I probably wouldn't even call it dark--it's still rated Teen lol. Just more adult than twst.)

Rather than just being students at magic school, the ghouls also go out into the mundane world to go on missions where they fight and investigate monsters and cryptids. Honestly, the magic school setting feels pretty tacked-on. The things that are enjoyable about this would've been just as enjoyable in about any other setting--you can tell this whole aspect was a late trend-chasing addition, lmao. So, yeah, it's blatantly copying twst to try to steal some players, but... Eh, I found myself not caring that much. Someone more (or less) into twst than me may find it grating.

Character-wise, eh, sure, yeah, they're a bit derivative in that aspect too, but it's a joseimuke game, the characters are always derivative. Thus far the writing & execution has been solid enough that I didn't care if they were tropey. If I were to compare it to something else, I'd say the relationship between the protagonist and the ghouls feels more like that of the sage and wizards in mahoyaku than anything from twst. There's some mystery in exactly what "ghouls" are and their place in this world that has me intrigued and wanting to know more about this setting and how each of the characters feels about it. I have a bad habit of getting my hopes up for stories that put big ideas on the table and then being disappointed when they don't follow through in a way that lives up to my expectations, though.

So, my final verdict: I kind of just hope someone uploads all the story segments right onto youtube so nobody has to deal with the dogshit predatory game to get the genuinely decent story lol. Give it a play just for the story if you have faith in your ability to resist dark patterns. Avoid at all costs if you know you're vulnerable to gacha, microtransactions, or timesinks.

[studyingscribbles]

chat i'm actually cooking this year i came third in a global economics essay competition

[somerabbitholes]

dear miss c! you're doing the lord's work by helping out us less read folks.

would you mind suggesting some works (books/papers/articles /essays) related to the following topics:

1. Poverty (in the Post Pandemic world)

2. Power and Crisis

3. Women in the Workforce

4. State of education in Rural India during Crisis

5. Neo-colonialism

I'm asking a lot, but help a girl out plis 🫶🏼

thankyou. 🕊️💌

Hello! I can't address all of these, but here's what I have:

Poverty

The Roots of the Global South’s New Resentment by Mark Suzman (Foreign Affairs)

COVID 19, Consumption and Inequality by Mudit Kapoor, Shamika Ravi and A. K. Shiva Kumar

Covid-19 and poverty vulnerability by Fabian Mendez Ramos and Jaime Lara

Workforce Participation

Workfare as an Effective Way to Fight Poverty: The Case of India’s NREGS by Shamika Ravi and Monika Engler

Empowerment and Microfinance in India by Shamika Ravi, Ashok Rai

Neocolonialism

The Great Divergence by Kenneth Pomeranz: not neocolonialism per se, but discusses the origins of current global inequality in wealth distribution, and it traces this to colonialism

Conflict, Competition and Cooperation in the Sociology of Development and Social Transformations by Ulrike Schuerkens

An Introduction to World-systems Perspective by Thomas Shannon: the world-systems theory is pretty much the foundation of how neocolonialism is thought about, and this is a good introduction to it

Postmodern Imperialism: Geopolitics and the Great Games by Eric Walberg: on the long tail of imperialism and colonialism 

Happy reading! Also, I'll update this if I find more resources for you.

[scotianostra]

On September 16th the Edinburgh publisher William Blackwood died.

Blackwood was Scotland’s most successful publisher in the early nineteenth century. He was born in Edinburgh and at the age of fourteen began a six year apprenticeship to the booksellers Bell & Bradfute. Following further training in Glasgow and London, he opened his first shop on South Bridge Edinburgh. Specialising in selling rare books the business was a success.

In 1813 Blackwood became the agent for the printers of Sir Walter Scott’s novels. Four years later he founded the ‘Edinburgh Monthly Magazine’ as a counterpart to the ‘Edinburgh Review. As editor from the seventh issue onwards the magazine became known as ‘Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine’, the periodical began to scandalise and captivate readers with its critical essays and reviews.

A number of lawsuits were brought against the magazine for its personal attacks on public figures.

As well as the controversial articles it the magazine became a platform for many literary talents, publishing work by writers including James Hogg, Margaret Oliphant and George Eliot.

During the First World War, 'Blackwood's' published stories that reflected the global conflict.

The magazine also saved lives. In 1841, a copy took the brunt of a sword blow in the Afghan War, turning a fatal strike into a superficial one. In 1918, a copy in the breast pocket of an officer's jacket absorbed the impact of a bullet.

'Blackwood's' continued publication through most of the 20th century until it ceased in 1980.

A fall in readership combined with stiff competition from emerging illustrated journals caused the magazine to close.

William Blackwood is buried in the Old Calton Cemetery in Edinburgh.

[stormiclown]

Master post (& fics I’m planning to write)

Ladies and Gentlemen: My take on Adrien having his own antagonist like Marinette has Lila and Chloe. A new transfer students makes an enemy of the entire class, but Adrien seems to be his main target.

Part 1 Part 2 Headcannons

Status: Completed (maybe)

Let Her Eat Cake: A one shot in which Lila is exposed as Hawkmoth’s ally, which opens up questions about Francois DuPont. In other words, Bustier is accused of being Mayura.

Read Here

Status: Completed

Lila’s Reflection: A one shot in which Lila has a twin sister who she feels inferior against. Includes Lilanette, Male Marinette, and Lila angst.

Read Here

Status: Completed

Marion Dupain-Cheng: Ice Cold: So we know the umbrella scene where Adrien basically pulls his “sad boy” card to make Marinette feel bad for him? Realistically, she shouldn’t have fallen in love with him just like that. I think she should have been wary of him because of his association with Chloe or outright hate him after he scolded her for being happy that Chloe was leaving. Or in ’Bubbler’ when all he cared about was having a party and not that adults we’re literally being launched into the sky. Or in ‘Despair Bear’ after a day of forced niceties he laughed when Chloe insulted Mylene’s macaroons. Long story short, Marinette shouldn’t have tolerated Adrien for as long as she did much less have a crush on him. If she did, it should’ve been obliterated by now. (This is a Drabble)

Read Here

Status: Completed

A Beetle’s Blossom: The members of the Justice League have seen many things. The deaths and resurrection of some of their comrades, alien doomsdays, off planet missions, and the literal destruction of the world. But the boy who *strongly* resembles Bruce in more ways than just his appearance has them stumped, especially Bruce himself.

On AO3

Status: On going

Fics That Are Coming Soon

The Most Hated Girl in Paris: An AU where instead of getting off Scott free, Chloe is legally punished for the Train Incident and has to deal with the fact that’s she’s Paris’ most hated girl. She must decide if she wants to continue living this way or if she’s going to claw her way to redemption. Long term project.

Tumblr Concept

Status: Not started

Not So Miraculous After all: Tired of citizens justifying their reckless behavior with the Miraculous Cure, Ladybug stops using it, making sure that consequences get left behind.

Status: Not Started

The Fall of A Queen (C. Bourgeois): An Au where Andre isn’t re-elected as Mayor. This changes everything. Long term project.

Status: Not Started

Cuisine Paradise: Seeing as both their parents work in the food industry, Alya and Marinette decide to start a YouTube channel together to share their recipes; Marinette’s pastries and Alya’s dinner recipes. It all in good fun and they accidentally become famous. Long term project.

Status: Not Started

New Boy In Town (Remy Gasteau): The son of the Prime Minister transfers to Francois DuPont and takes an interest in Marinette. Extremely long term project.

Based on an ask I submitted to @mcheang

Status: Not Started

Civil War (Paris Edition): No matter how hard Lila tries, the class refuses to turn against Marinette, believing that Lila was just confused and there was a misunderstanding. In an attempt to get the girls to help her with Adrien, she insists that Marinette would go great with Luka. It was a brilliant plan— until war breaks out over the class. Lukanette vs Adrienette. Short term project.

Status: Not Started

Round the World Trip: After winning a series of contests, essay challenges, and competitions, Marion unintentionally earned his class a fully paid global trip over summer vacation. Includes Male Marinette and shenanigans. Mid-length project.

Status: Not Started

Damian’s Secret Brother: After ruining any chance at a brotherly relationship with Tim after his murder attempts, Damian Wayne is determined to prove that he wasn’t just a brutish assassin. The discovery of his newest biological brother provided him with the opportunity to show everyone that he could be civil with new family members. But he didn’t think he would get attached to the friendly baker’s boy who had ambitions to be a fashion designer. Male Marinette and bio-dad Bruce Wayne. Mid-length project.

Status: Not Started

[paradoxoftrees]

HEY GUYS SUPPORT MY TEEN WRITER FUNDRAISER

LINK TO MY FUNDRAISING PAGE ⬇️⬇️✨

Donations are currently being accepted!!!

https://secure.givelively.org/donate/write-the-world-inc/giving-tuesday-2024/cosmic-paradox

I am a previous community ambassador on Write the World, a global online writing site for teens. From 11/18-11/24, Write the World is participating in a Giving Tuesday Campaign in an effort to raise money for creative teens around the world.

Visit my fundraising page to donate! You can donate as little as $33 to help teens make an impact with their creative voices and perspectives. The funds will go towards sponsoring teens to join our global community, awarding teens cash prizes during monthly writing competitions, and funding scholarships to help students write fantastic college essays.

I will be writing one creative piece each day of the fundraiser in order to raise awareness. Those pieces will be coming soon to my Tumblr account!!! Think of it as a fundraising marathon, but with writing!! My personal fundraising goal is $500. STAY TUNED FOR MORE ✨✍️

[dailyanarchistposts]

Bibliography for FAQ

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Funnell, Warrick, Jupe, Robert and Andrew, Jane, In Government we Trust:Market Failure and the delusionsof privatisation, Pluto Press, London,2009.

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Galbraith, James K., Created Unequal: The Crisis in American Pay, The Free Press, New York, 1999.

Galbraith, John Kenneth, The Essential Galbraith, Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, 2001.

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Gemie, Sharif, French Revolutions, 1815–1914, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1999.

Getzler, Israel, Kronstadt 1917–1921: The Fate of a Soviet Democracy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983.

Martov: A Political Biography of a Russian Social Democrat, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1967. “Soviets as Agents of Democratisation”, in Revolution in Russia: reassessments of 1917, Edith Rogovin Frankel, Jonathan Frankel, Baruch Knei-Paz (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York, 1991. “Marxist Revolutionaries and the Dilemma of Power”, pp. 88–112, Revolution and Politics in Russia, Alexander and Janet Rabinowitch with Ladis K.D. Kristof (eds.)

Gilmour, Ian, Dancing with Dogma, Britain Under Thatcherism, Simon and Schuster, London, 1992.

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[mostlysignssomeportents]

Biden set to appoint mass foreclosure cheerleader to the Fed

Personnel are policy, something that the Biden administration has proved again and again since the 2020 election. Biden himself is a kind of empty vessel into which different wings of the Democratic party pour their will, yielding a strange brew of appointments both great and terrible.

If you’d like an essay-formatted version of this post to read or share, here’s a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:

https://pluralistic.net/2023/03/06/personnel-are-policy/#janice-eberly

On the one hand, you have progressive appointments like Jonathan Kanter at the DoJ and Lina Khan at the FTC, leaders who are determined to challenge and curb corporate power:

https://pluralistic.net/2022/01/10/see-you-in-the-funny-papers/#bidens-legacy

On the other hand, you have deferential leaders like Pete Buttigieg, who fill their own staff with status quo counsel, and then let those timid corporate apologists run the show, leaving the substantial enforcement powers of a powerful agency to gather dust:

https://pluralistic.net/2023/01/10/the-courage-to-govern/#whos-in-charge

While the Democrats’ anti-corporate wing got to drive the administration’s competition agencies, the corporate wing has enjoyed near-total dominance over finance regulations (with notable exceptions, e.g. Rohit Chopra), starting with Trump’s Jerome Powell, a bloodletting monster happy to shovel workers into their bosses’ crushers all day long:

https://pluralistic.net/2023/01/19/creditors-vs-workers/#finance-colored-glasses

Corporate Dems continue to flex their muscle. A seat has just opened up on the Federal Reserve Board, and the WSJ is pretty sure the seat is going to Janice Eberly, a corporate ghoul who helped Obama Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner steal Americans’ houses on behalf of the bankers who destroyed the world economy in 2008:

https://www.wsj.com/articles/white-house-considers-two-economists-for-fed-vice-chair-58f13344

A quick refresher: Obama inherited the Great Financial Crisis, a massive global asset crash that followed from a decade of real-estate and derivatives deregulation that saw the world’s largest banks issuing mortgages they knew would fail, and then placing massive bets on “collateralized debt obligations” that were supposed to offset the risk.

The banks gambled trillions, nearly destroyed the world’s economy, and then blamed it all on reckless borrowers — mortgage holders who had been mis-sold predatory mortgages that were designed to trigger defaults thanks to low “teaser rates” that later “ballooned” into monthly payments the banks knew the borrowers couldn’t afford.

Geithner was Obama’s go-to guy for the GFC. It was under his leadership that billions were handed out to the banks to bail them out and keep them solvent during the crisis — and it was also under his leadership that bank execs were able to pay themselves millions in bonuses using that public money.

When the banks were in trouble, Geithner leapt into action. When the banks’ customers faced crises, he was MIA — especially during the foreclosure epidemic that followed, as the banks stole our homes out from under us, often forging the paperwork. No bank was seriously punished for this policy.

Back to Janice Eberly, who served as Geithner’s assistant secretary of the Treasury for economic policy — his hatchet-woman, in other words. Now, sometimes people in senior government roles stick around because they disagree with their bosses and want to mitigate the harm of their bosses’ policies.

That’s not why Eberly took the job. In 2014, she and Arvind Krishnamurthy co-wrote a Brookings Institute paper called “Efficient Credit Policies in a Housing Debt Crisis,” that explained why Geithner had it right all along — bailing out the banks and leaving homeowners in foreclosure is “efficient”:

https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/fall2014bpea_eberly_krishnamurthy.pdf

Writing in The American Prospect, Max Moran from the Revolving Door Project breaks down “Efficient Credit Policies,” explaining how Eberly’s stated views should disqualify her from sitting on the Fed board, especially as we teeter on the brink of a deep financial crisis:

https://prospect.org/economy/2023-03-06-janice-eberly-fed-nominee-mortgage-crisis/

The first thing you need to understand here is HAMP, the Home Affordable Modification Program, which received the $100b Congress allocated to help homeowners whose mortgages were “underwater” — that is, whose houses were worth less than they owed for them.

That money could have gone to “principal reduction” — that is, to paying off part of your loan. If you owned $350,000 on a house that was now worth $300,000, the Feds could give the bank $50k and you wouldn’t be underwater anymore. The FDIC proposed just this, in a plan that would have required homeowners to pay back the US government if the price of their homes rebounded.

If you want to keep Americans from losing their homes, principal reduction is a straightforward and reliable approach. But the banks hated this — and that meant Geithner wouldn’t do it. Banks don’t like principal reduction because it means that they’ll lose out on future payments: reducing your principal by $50k now means that the banks won’t get hundreds of thousands of dollars over the 30 years of your mortgage.

Using the money for principal reduction would have meant the banks’ balance sheets would have looked a little worse — which, as Moran points out, is a perfectly fair outcome for banks that had just come close to destroying the world economy, especially since many of these underwater borrowers were destined to lose their houses and would never make those payments.

But Geithner didn’t do principal reduction. Instead, he did HAMP, which was just a way to temporarily lower borrowers’ monthly payments so they could stay in their homes. Geithner sold Obama on this plan, convincing him to renege on his election promise to support a “cramdown” on the banks, which would have saved homeowners:

https://www.propublica.org/article/dems-obama-broke-pledge-to-force-banks-to-help-homeowners

HAMP was full of the kinds of complex requirements and paperwork that the professional managerial class love, rules that made it almost impossible for homeowners to invoke HAMP and improve their payments. Meanwhile, the banks got “investor incentive payments” that let them take in public money even as they foreclosed on the public:

https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/principal-reduction-alternative-under-the-home-affordable-modification-program

HAMP was a disaster. Almost no one managed to use it, and even among the lucky few who did manage to do so, many were tricked into foreclosure.

https://www.theguardian.com/money/2014/mar/30/government-program-save-homes-mortgages-failure-banks

This is the policy that Eberly and Krishnamurthy defend in their paper: rather than reducing debt, just temporarily restructure mortgage payments. One reason they defend this: it’s cheaper, and Congress didn’t allocate enough money to help everyone who needed principal reduction. But, as Moran points out, Geithner’s anemic response to the crisis caused Congress to claw back $225b of the money allocated to deal with it — enough to do $50k principal reductions for 4.5m households. Under Geithner, HAMP only spent $10b.

But of course, the US government didn’t need to pay the banks off to do principal reduction. They could simply order the banks to take a loss. That’s how lending usually works: lenders who originate bad loans have to eat them — they don’t get made whole by Uncle Sucker.

But when Eberly was working for Geithner, “federal officials convinced themselves this was impossible.” Rather than hold banks to account for their reckless speculation, Geithner announced that he was going to “foam the runway” for the banks, pureeing Americans’ homes to make the foam.

But Eberly’s tenure coincided with the banks’ rebound — by the time she went to work for Geithner, they were rolling in dough, posting massive profits. As @ryanlcooper@mastodon.social put it, “If you force them to eat a bunch of foreclosure losses, maybe a few hundred billion over several years, it probably wouldn’t have been that bad.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPLbnr1mxBs

Moran nails it here: “When a bad loan is made, it is both prudent and fair for the lender to bear the most responsibility. They are supposed to be wise stewards of their own capital. Instead, ordinary homeowners who did the least of any actor to cause the financial crisis ended up eating the losses.”

Eberly and Krishnamurthy claimed that Geithner’s policy would be efficient, and that it wouldn’t lead to mass foreclosures. As neoclassical economists love to do, they “proved” this using elaborate mathematical models. And, also in the grand neoclassical tradition, they didn’t bother to check whether their model was correct.

To quote Ely Devons: “If economists wished to study the horse, they wouldn’t go and look at horses. They’d sit in their studies and say to themselves, ‘What would I do if I were a horse?’”

https://pluralistic.net/2022/10/27/economism/#what-would-i-do-if-i-were-a-horse

Here’s what Eberly and Krishnamurthy missed: the choice to foreclose wasn’t being made by the lenders, they were being made by the mortgage servicer, a kind of consequence-free middleman who made more money by foreclosing on homeowners, even if the lenders lost more money over the long term:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228125783_Why_Servicers_Foreclose_When_They_Should_Modify_and_Other_Puzzles_of_Servicer_Behavior_Servicer_Compensation_and_its_Consequences

Eberly and Krishnamurthy barely mention the existence of servicers, but another researcher was keenly aware of them: a law prof named Katie Porter, who delved into the servicers’ role in foreclosure in a report for the California AG:

https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/mortgage_settlement/01-report-waiting-for-change.pdf

Porter identified the servicers’ “dual track” approach to distressed mortgage borrowers: on the one hand, they slow-walked HARP-based changes to payments, and on the other hand, they raced to foreclose on those borrowers who were waiting for their payments to reset.

The servicers’ hunger to throw people out of their homes knew no bounds: they set up massive robo-signing boiler-rooms where low-waged employees forged deeds to plug the paperwork holes created by the high-speed, unregulated speculation on mortgages that precipitated the Great Financial Crisis:

https://www.reuters.com/article/robosigning-plea/ex-mortgage-document-exec-pleads-guilty-in-robo-signing-case-idUSL1E8ML0C120121121

Eberly knew about robo-signing, she knew about servicers, she knew about foreclosures. It was her job to know. But she still wrote her paper defending Geithner’s runway-foaming and all those ruined lives:

Principal reduction can be helpful, but it is a less efficient use of government resources, since it back-loads payments to households that cannot borrow against these future resources to support consumption today, and also because it is most helpful in reducing strategic default, rather than payment-distress-induced default,

This is just means-testing by another name, a fetish for separating the “deserving poor” from “moochers” (AKA “strategic defaulters”). The PMC loves means-testing, but only for poor people. As Moran points out, rich people like Trump use strategic defaults all the time:

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/12/nyregion/donald-trump-atlantic-city.html

Elite economists and finance ghouls convinced themselves that helping people stay in their homes would enable waves of crooked “strategic defaulting” but there’s no evidence this was ever widespread — rather, it was a fairy tale that justified mass foreclosure:

https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w27585/w27585.pdf

Eberly helped throw millions of Americans into the street in order to reward reckless banks, already wildly profitable banks, with even more profit. And far from regretting this, she went on to write elaborate justifications for the cruel policies she helped administer.

The historian Michael Hudson describes debt and debt cancellation as a key determinant of whether a given civilization survives. In every venture, producers have to borrow capital from lenders — farmers, for example, must borrow to pay for seed and fertilizer and labor. When the ventures are successful, the borrowers pay back the lenders.

But not every venture can succeed. There will always be blights, droughts, fires and other risks that can’t be fully mitigated. When failure occurs, borrowers can’t pay back creditors. If you farm long enough, you’ll eventually lose a crop, and have to roll over your debts next year. Eventually, you’ll owe so much that you can’t even make the interest payments.

In the absence of some structured, periodic debt cancellation — such as the Bronze Age tradition of Jubilee — creditors eventually end up controlling the work of the entire productive sector. When that happens, your society stops producing what everyone needs, and instead just makes the things that rich people want:

https://pluralistic.net/2022/07/08/jubilant/#construire-des-passerelles

A civilization can’t survive if all of its farmers are growing ornamental flowers for rich creditors’ villas instead of staple crops. It can’t survive if every productive worker is stuck in a dead-end job or a dead-end place because of medical or student debt.

Personnel are policy. Eberly has explained, in excruciating detail, exactly what policy she favors — policy that rewards reckless speculation by incinerating the life chances of everyday Americans. Appointing her to the Federal Reserve board would be a giant Fuck You from the Biden admin to every person who got their home stolen by a bank.

Tomorrow (Mar 7), I’m doing a remote talk for TU Wien.

On Mar 9, you can catch me in person in Austin at the UT School of Design and Creative Technologies, and remotely at U Manitoba’s Ethics of Emerging Tech Lecture.

On Mar 10, Rebecca Giblin and I kick off the SXSW reading series.

Image: Medill DC (modified) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Timothy_Geithner_in_2011.jpg

CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en

[Image ID: A bombed out neighborhood. Over the crumbling houses is the 'HOPE' wordmark from Shepard Fairey's Obama campaign posters. On the right is the grinning face of Obama Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner, colorized to match the Fairey posters. On the left is an ogrish, top-hatted capitalist figure, chomping a cigar and disdainfully holding aloft a single-family home between a gloved forefinger and thumb. He stands before a podium bearing the Citibank logo. The podium has a lever in the shape of a golden dollar-sign, which he is yanking with his free hand. He, too, has been colorized in the mode of the Fairey poster.]

[mariacallous]

In The Hedgehog and the Fox, Isaiah Berlin recounts the ancient Greek proverb that “the fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing.” Berlin’s essay was apparently written as something of a throwaway, but it remains a useful lens through which to understand the grand strategists of U.S. foreign policy, especially during the early Cold War.

The architects of American foreign policy during those years were some of our greatest foxes. George Kennan was a generational intellectual who just happened to be a foreign service officer. George Marshall’s military and operational genius were matched by his political acumen, as the organizer of the American military victory in WWII and the political and economic rehabilitator of Europe.

And then there’s Paul Nitze: another Cold War foreign policy titan who ran the State Department’s Policy Planning Staff under Truman and was an essential voice on defense and arms control policy for decades, yet a committed hedgehog.

In his superb America’s Cold Warrior: Paul Nitze and National Security from Roosevelt to Reagan, State Department historian James Graham Wilson portrays Nitze as consistently animated by a single, “steadfast conviction that the United States needed to possess overriding strength.” He was a leading apostle for increasing conventional defense spending during the Truman and Eisenhower years, and as he transitioned to focus on nuclear policy during the 1970s and 1980s, he was a tireless advocate for ramping up U.S. nuclear capabilities.

In this new era of competition with China and Russia, Nitze’s career and ideas are more relevant than ever. They highlight both the promise and pitfalls of a relentless striving for military superiority. His vision of a robust global defense network and deterrent, laid out in NSC-68 in 1950, inspires U.S. defense policy in the Indo-Pacific and Europe today, whether policymakers realize it or not.

But his story also warns us that we’re currently in the dangerous “early Cold War” cycle of unfettered defense buildup and competition with China, similar to the 1950s. It should hasten thinking about how to rein in military competition and establish more defense and arms control guardrails now, before it all gets out of hand.

Like many of his Wise Men contemporaries, Paul Nitze was a convert from the world of Wall Street in the 1930s, answering the call of public service during the Roosevelt administration, and staying on to help remake the post-war world under Truman. But what sets Nitze apart was his longevity in Washington. He remained an important government player through the 1980s.

Yet Nitze never quite broke into the top ranks. He lacked the suppleness of mind of a Kennan or Dean Acheson, who initially warned Kennan that “[Nitze]’s not a long-range thinker.” Nitze struggled, sometimes awkwardly, to win the presidential ear. During Nitze’s first appointment with Eisenhower at the White House, “he opened the wrong door and found Ike in his underwear.” He never cracked Kennedy or Johnson’s inner ring and was out of the loop on Vietnam policy. It was only under Reagan that Nitze truly found a presidential patron, who leaned heavily on Nitze for his expertise on arms control and nuclear issues. By then, Nitze had distinguished himself as perhaps the foremost expert on nuclear policy in Washington.

Throughout the entirety of this impressive run inside government, Nitze displayed hedgehog-like constancy in his belief that “US strength brought stability; US weakness brought instability.” It was, according to Wilson’s biography, the prism through which Nitze viewed almost everything.

What led to Japan’s decision to attack the United States in 1941? Lack of strong American capabilities in the Pacific. What was wrong with Eisenhower’s “New Look” policy? A reduction in defense spending in the pursuit of a more economical reliance on massive nuclear retaliation. What caused Khrushchev to back down over the Berlin Crisis of 1961 and Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962? U.S. conventional and nuclear superiority. What caused the Soviets to invade Afghanistan in 1979? Russian superiority in first strike nuclear capability at the time, which permitted and incentivized Moscow to take more risk.

You get the point. Nitze was always pushing up, up, up on spending: conventional forces, nuclear forces, more complicated missile delivery systems and mobile units to evade USSR targeting. Even if it meant higher taxes or budget cuts. As Nitze coldly put it, “the avoidance of nuclear war is much more important than increasing welfare payments.”

Nitze was right, and prescient, in urging the United States to build up a credible military deterrent and a network of military assets around the world at the onset of the Cold War. This vision was best articulated in NSC-68, which he crafted while head of the State Department’s Policy Planning Staff in 1950 and serves as the founding document of U.S. strategy during the Cold War. Nitze used NSC-68 to promote a drastic increase conventional military capabilities “to a level previously unprecedented in peacetime.”

It also called on the United States to wage a decidedly global struggle, backing allies around the world to thwart Soviet aggression and working to enhance their own defense capabilities. While all this may seem intuitive in retrospect, in its context NSC-68 was revolutionary. Nitze correctly anticipated that the United States couldn’t withdraw from the world, ramp down its defense capabilities during peacetime, and rely on surging its latent military-industrial capacity solely at the time of acute need, the strategy it had employed before both WWI and WWII.

Where he was clearly wrong was in his focus on the nuclear balance as the singular determinant of Soviet behavior. According to Sergey Radchenko’s excellent new book on Soviet decision-making, To Run the World, the outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis can’t be explained simply by American nuclear preponderance. The U.S. promise to remove its nuclear missiles in Turkey enabled Khruschev’s “blinking” during the crisis. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was fueled by a sense of insecurity—rather than superiority—as Moscow risked losing a client state. It’s hard to imagine Brezhnev taking a different decision if, say, the United States had more nuclear missiles.

Perhaps the larger error was one-dimensional strategic thinking focused on military concerns above all. Nitze’s life’s work and story could be boiled down to a fixation on weapons, defense spending, and ratios of nuclear throw-weight. He downplayed the importance of U.S. promotion of human rights, dismissing it as “hypocritical and pointless.” In a sense, he missed the boat on just how much of the Cold War lay outside of the priesthood of nuclear weapons policy or military matters.

As the United States enters a new contest with Beijing and Moscow, it seems we’re all part-Nitze now. The need for a forward American presence and the dangers of retrenchment are just as valid as they were during Nitze’s time. We’ve learned this the hard way in Ukraine, where a lack of military industrial capacity in both the United States and Europe has hamstrung our support for Kyiv.

The Biden administration has built an impressive “latticework” of defense alliances in the Indo-Pacific to deter China, very much in the spirit of NSC-68. Pentagon budgets are knocking at the door of $1 trillion annually—even though the United States already spends more on defense than the next 10 countries combined. As the New York Times recently reported, the Biden administration is now updating its nuclear strategy to address the dual threat of both China and Russia, and warned in June that the United States would build up nuclear forces to face this threat, if needed. It would all make Nitze blush.

But as the Cold War demonstrated, the quest for military superiority can become a self-fulfilling danger. Vietnam provides an obvious example of overzealous and self-defeating military flexing. Nitze’s own career even represents this cautionary arc: He spent the 1950s through 1970s advocating for nuclear preponderance, but then during the 1980s served as the critical U.S. negotiator as Reagan sought to limit and even reduce nuclear stockpiles. We had so blindly built-up nuclear weapons that we reached point of existential danger, and then had to pull it all back from the brink.

This should be a sobering lesson for U.S. policymakers today. Right now, U.S. policy is in its “early Cold War” phase: an upward escalatory spiral against both China and Russia and no brakes in sight. The only arms control treaty left between the United States and Russia, New START, expires in 2026; China is embarking on an unprecedented nuclear buildup and is estimated to reach 1,500 weapons by 2035. Tensions reached such a low after Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan in August 2022 that China shut off all military-to-military dialogue with Washington. Since then the Biden administration has admirably—and successfully—worked to reopen some defense channels with Beijing, but mutual trust is lacking and more formal military agreements appear quite distant.

This isn’t sustainable. Cold War history, and Paul Nitze’s own, tells us that the pendulum will inevitably swing back the other way: We’ll find ourselves either in a crisis, or in such an untenably dangerous situation that we’ll be forced into arms control negotiations. We’re still caught in the tense equivalent of the 1950s and early 1960s Cold War. While Russia and China may be unwilling and difficult interlocutors at the moment, to avoid repeating history, the United States should put every effort into building military and arms control guardrails, rather than only ramping up the pressure. Better to halt the cycle now than wait for a Cuban Missile-style crisis.

What’s more, a Nitze-like focus on military deterrence as the cure and explanation for everything risks missing the main game. Yes, defense is important. But today’s competition with China is being waged primarily economically and technologically, just as the Cold War was fought as an ideological and diplomatic struggle and was lost by the Soviet Union as their economy failed to keep pace. Had the Soviets coerced and deterred the United States a bit more, would the outcome of the Cold War have changed? The answer is likely no; the Soviet system was rotten, and inherent Western economic, technological, and ideological strengths won the day.

As Nitze’s story demonstrates, a hedgehog-like fixation on establishing military supremacy above all else may ultimately prove as much a distraction (and a danger) as an asset—one that we’ll have to redress sometime in the future.

[seoemea]

EMEA MARKETING: European Enterprise

European Enterprise SEO: Navigating a Multilingual Marketplace

In today's digital age, visibility is king. For European enterprises, navigating the diverse and complex landscape of online search requires a unique approach to Search Engine Optimization (SEO). This essay will explore the key considerations and best practices for successful European Enterprise SEO, highlighting the challenges and opportunities specific to this region.

A Multiplicity of Markets: The European Union (EU) boasts 27 member states, each with its own language, culture, and search engine nuances. Targeting this multifaceted market necessitates a multilingual strategy. Optimizing content, meta descriptions, and website architecture for each relevant language is crucial for organic reach across borders. Tools like hreflang tags and geotargeting can guide search engines towards the appropriate language version for each user.

Cultural Nuances: Beyond language, cultural sensitivities play a significant role. Understanding local humor, traditions, and preferences is essential for crafting content that resonates with target audiences. Keyword research, competitor analysis, and collaboration with native speakers are vital steps to ensure culturally appropriate and effective SEO messaging.

Regulatory Maze: The EU enforces strict data privacy regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which adds another layer of complexity to SEO practices. Enterprises must ensure their SEO strategies comply with these regulations, requiring careful consideration of data collection, user consent, and cookie usage.

Local Search Optimization: While global visibility is vital, local search dominance can be a game-changer. Optimizing for local listings on Google Maps and other platforms increases the chances of appearing in searches for nearby businesses. This involves claiming and verifying local listings, managing online reviews, and incorporating location-specific keywords into content.

Mobile-First Mindset: Europe boasts a high mobile internet penetration rate, making mobile-friendliness paramount. Enterprises must ensure their websites are optimized for mobile devices, offering a seamless user experience across all platforms. Responsive design, fast loading speeds, and user-friendly navigation are key factors for mobile SEO success.

Embrace Multilingual Link Building: Backlinks remain a critical ranking factor. Building high-quality links from relevant websites in various European languages strengthens domain authority and improves search engine visibility across borders. Collaborations with industry influencers, guest blogging on reputable websites, and participating in online communities can help secure valuable backlinks.

Investing in Expertise: Considering the intricacies of European Enterprise SEO, partnering with skilled professionals can be highly beneficial. Agencies or consultants specializing in this domain can provide tailored strategies, navigate regulatory hurdles, and offer ongoing support for maximizing online visibility.

Conclusion: European Enterprise SEO demands a multifaceted approach that acknowledges linguistic diversity, cultural nuances, and regulatory frameworks. By adopting a multilingual strategy, prioritizing local search dominance, and adhering to mobile-first principles, businesses can unlock the vast potential of the European online market. Additionally, collaborating with SEO experts can significantly enhance chances of success in this dynamic and competitive landscape. Remember, navigating the European digital landscape requires adaptability, cultural sensitivity, and a commitment to best practices. By embracing these principles, European enterprises can leverage the power of SEO to achieve sustainable growth and brand recognition across the continent.

[learningspanishforenglishspe]

Discover What A Pro Has To Say On The Learning Spanish For English Speakers

In today's global landscape, being fluent in multiple languages is obviously beneficial, giving individuals a significant advantage in the competitive professional field. Spanish, in particular, emerges as a language of considerable relevance, providing learners with several chances for personal and professional development. This essay looks in to the complexities of online Spanish language learning, with a particular focus on obtaining conversational fluency and the invaluable experiences gained through such endeavours. Without question, one of the major advantages of learning Spanish is the ability to reach the enormous Spanish-speaking globe. This linguistic proficiency allows use of a vast tapestry of cultures, various communities, and distinct perspectives. By participating in online Spanish sessions designed designed for English speakers, students position themselves to fluidly navigate this language terrain, forging relationships and understanding within an increasingly interconnected world. Conversational Spanish needs a solid command of the language's fundamentals. Are you hunting for learning spanish for english speakers? Visit the previously mentioned website.

Learners can benefit greatly from free online Spanish classes, including pre-recorded videos, presentations, and audio files. These courses promote flexible learning, letting students to delve into essential topics like vocabulary, phrases, and sentence formation. Furthermore, engaging with native Spanish speakers via forums and blogs adds a vibrant element to the learning experience, enabling practical application and interactive engagement. Active engagement in Spanish chat rooms, groups, and online discussion forums enhances the language learning experience. The capacity to communicate with native speakers not merely improves accents and tones but in addition provides an even more sophisticated grasp of the cultural nuances buried in the language. For individuals who prefer an even more structured approach, respected online universities provide affordable tutoring programmes. These programmes use many different platforms, including online chat rooms, Skype sessions, video conferencing, and interactive whiteboards, to provide a comprehensive and immersive learning environment. Before enrolling in an on the web Spanish tuition programme, a comprehensive evaluation of its effectiveness is required. Trial classes, curriculum examination, evaluation of teaching aids and technological integration, and feedback from previous students all help to see decision-making processes.

Choosing an arduous programme that emphasises constant progress monitoring via evaluations and practical examinations guarantees an energetic and effective learning experience. Engaging a native Spanish tutor online offers an enriching and personalised learning experience. Learners have 24/7 use of guidance, feedback, and timely ideas for development. The capability to plan sessions at convenient times and continue at your speed adds an active and operational dimension to the learning process. Mastering conversational Spanish through online study not only improves language skills but also provides access to a larger, more interconnected world. By concentrating on the very best online Spanish lessons for English speakers, incorporating practical experiences, and interacting with native speakers, students embark on a trip that crosses linguistic boundaries, revealing a further knowledge of diverse cultures and fostering meaningful connections in a rapidly changing global landscape.

[nurjahan774]

Importance of SEO

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is a crucial digital marketing strategy that involves optimizing your website and content to improve its visibility on search engines like Google, Bing, and Yahoo. It plays a significant role in the success of online businesses and websites. In this 500-word essay, I will discuss the importance of SEO and its various aspects.

Increased Website Visibility: One of the primary reasons SEO is essential is that it enhances your website's visibility in search engine results pages (SERPs). When your website ranks higher for relevant keywords, it is more likely to be discovered by users searching for products, services, or information related to your business. Improved visibility means more organic (unpaid) traffic to your site.

Credibility and Trust: Websites that rank high in search results are often perceived as more trustworthy and credible. Users tend to trust Google's rankings, and if your site appears near the top, it can positively influence your brand's reputation.

Quality Traffic: SEO not only increases your website's traffic but also ensures that it attracts high-quality, relevant traffic. By optimizing for specific keywords, you can target users who are genuinely interested in what you offer, increasing the likelihood of conversions.

Cost-Effective Marketing: Compared to many other digital marketing strategies like pay-per-click (PPC) advertising, SEO is cost-effective in the long run. Once your site ranks well, you can continue to receive organic traffic without ongoing, significant expenses. It's an excellent investment in the sustainability of your online presence.

Competitive Advantage: Your competitors are likely investing in SEO. By doing the same or doing it better, you can gain a competitive advantage. Ranking higher than your competitors can result in capturing market share and more customers.

Improved User Experience: SEO isn't just about keywords and links; it also involves optimizing your website's structure, speed, and usability. A well-optimized site provides a better user experience, which not only satisfies visitors but can also positively impact your SEO rankings.

Local SEO: For brick-and-mortar businesses, local SEO is crucial. Optimizing for local searches helps potential customers in your area find you easily. This can be a game-changer for small businesses aiming to attract local foot traffic.

Adaptation to Changing Trends: The digital landscape is ever-evolving. SEO strategies adapt to these changes. Staying updated with the latest SEO trends and algorithms helps your website remain competitive in the dynamic online world.

Measurable Results: SEO provides measurable results. You can track your website's performance, identify what's working, and make adjustments as needed. Tools like Google Analytics and Google Search Console help you monitor your progress.

Global Reach: SEO allows you to reach a global audience. If your business can cater to international customers, optimizing your website for global search can expand your reach beyond borders.

Content Marketing Synergy: SEO and content marketing go hand in hand. High-quality content is essential for SEO success, and in turn, SEO helps your content reach a broader audience. This synergy can boost your content marketing efforts.

Mobile Optimization: With the increasing use of smartphones, mobile optimization has become vital. Google's mobile-first indexing means that your website's mobile version is the primary factor in how it ranks. SEO ensures your site is mobile-friendly.

Long-Term Strategy: Unlike some marketing tactics that offer short-term gains, SEO is a long-term strategy. Once you establish your website's authority and visibility, it can provide sustainable results over an extended period.

In conclusion, SEO is a critical component of any online business or website's success. It improves visibility, credibility, and trust while driving high-quality traffic. It's a cost-effective, competitive, and adaptable strategy that provides measurable results. With the ever-increasing importance of the digital world, investing in SEO is a smart decision for any business looking to thrive in the online marketplace

[alaskan-wallflower]

my achievements so far this year

tw//mentions of a/h and eating disorders

i realized i overcame a lot this year if any of you care lol

January:

I passed all of my midterms (last year)

I got into theater again and managed to help the younger kids with their play

I practiced art more efficiently

I started working out

February

My birthday

I managed to go 3 weeks without a/h

I began repairing my relationships with my brothers

March

I got my first good score in math class (i got a 97 for that quarter)

I managed to repair my relationship with food

I got over a bad wave in depression

I was accepted into the honors math program for this current year

April

i did my fourth musical for drama club

I was able to work hard enough to buy my brother a pair of Jordans for his birthday

I started talking to a psychologist

i was nominated for an area wjde achievement for overcoming a disability/challenge and won

May

I got over a rough patch with a friend irl

I defended my brother when he needed it most and grew closer with him

I went down to another state alone for the first time without my parents

June

I passed my final exams and state mandated tests with pretty good scores

I got a 100 on my Global History final

I passed my first research essay on WWII

I passed on the high honor roll all four quarters (meaning I had a 95 average and above all year)

I won a few choir awards at an area competition

July

I was accepted into my first AP class

I got into all honors courses

I began regularly working out every day

August

I began being more open about my emotions

I finished Crime and Punishment (even if it was the worst book I’d ever read)

i found out I’m in the top 10% of my class

I found out I have a 3.85 GPA

September

I started school

I managed to get over the rough patch of my dog dying

I passed my first AP quiz with flying colors

I managed to open up and make new friends in school

October

I took my PSAT (soon I will)

I currently have above a 90 in all my classes

I made it six month without doing s/h

I made it 2 months without relapsing on bad eating habits (starving and binging)

November

????

December

????

[rawnak2324]

The Importance of Digital Marketplaces in Today's Business

Digital marketplaces have become a cornerstone of the modern business landscape, playing a pivotal role in how goods and services are bought and sold. These online platforms, such as Amazon, eBay, Airbnb, and Uber, have transformed traditional commerce by leveraging the power of the internet and technology. Their importance extends to businesses, consumers, and the economy as a whole. In this essay, we will explore the significance of digital marketplaces in today's world.

Enhanced Accessibility: Digital marketplaces offer unparalleled accessibility to a global audience. For businesses, this means an opportunity to reach customers far beyond their local or regional markets. Whether you're a small artisan crafting unique products or a multinational corporation, the digital marketplace levels the playing field by providing a platform to showcase your offerings to a diverse and extensive customer base.

Convenience for Consumers: Consumers today seek convenience and efficiency in their shopping experiences. Digital marketplaces provide a one-stop-shop for a wide range of products and services. Shoppers can browse, compare, and purchase items from the comfort of their homes, often with quick and hassle-free delivery options. This convenience is a driving force behind the popularity of online marketplaces.

Increased Competition and Innovation: Digital marketplaces foster competition, which, in turn, drives innovation. Businesses on these platforms are motivated to continually improve their products, services, and customer experiences to stand out from the competition. This competitive environment benefits consumers by offering a wider array of choices and driving prices down.

Lower Barriers to Entry: Traditional retail and business ventures often require significant upfront investments in physical infrastructure, inventory, and marketing. Digital marketplaces reduce these barriers to entry. Entrepreneurs and small businesses can start with minimal capital and scale up as they grow, thanks to the marketplace's existing infrastructure and customer base.

Data-Driven Insights: Digital marketplaces collect vast amounts of data on customer behavior, preferences, and trends. This data is invaluable for businesses looking to refine their marketing strategies, tailor products to customer needs, and make data-driven decisions. It allows sellers to understand their target audience better and optimize their offerings.

Trust and Security: Established digital marketplaces prioritize trust and security. They often provide secure payment processing, customer reviews, and dispute resolution mechanisms. This builds confidence among consumers, making them more willing to transact online.

Diverse Revenue Streams: Many businesses leverage digital marketplaces not only to sell products but also to offer services, subscriptions, or digital content. This diversification of revenue streams can provide stability and resilience in an ever-changing business landscape.

Global Reach: Digital marketplaces facilitate international trade and cross-border transactions. This global reach enables businesses to expand their horizons and tap into new markets without the complexities traditionally associated with international trade.

Reduced Marketing Costs: Advertising and marketing can be expensive for businesses. Digital marketplaces often handle the marketing and promotion of products within their ecosystem, reducing the need for businesses to invest heavily in marketing efforts.

Economic Impact: Digital marketplaces contribute significantly to the economy by generating jobs, fostering entrepreneurship, and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). They also provide a platform for individuals to supplement their income through freelance work or by renting out assets.

Adaptation to Changing Consumer Behavior: As consumer behavior evolves, digital marketplaces adapt to meet changing demands. For example, the rise of mobile shopping and app-based services has been seamlessly integrated into many digital marketplaces, ensuring they remain relevant in the mobile-centric world.

Resilience in Times of Crisis: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the resilience of digital marketplaces. While traditional businesses faced disruptions, many digital marketplaces thrived as consumers turned to online shopping and services, emphasizing the importance of this digital infrastructure.

In conclusion, digital marketplaces have emerged as a transformative force in the world of commerce. They provide businesses with unprecedented access to customers, offer convenience to consumers, and stimulate competition and innovation. Moreover, they have a profound impact on the economy by creating jobs, supporting entrepreneurship, and adapting to changing consumer behavior. As technology continues to advance, the importance of digital marketplaces is likely to grow, shaping the future of business and commerce.