#General Ptolemy

[ambipotentsbestie]

i'm rewatching all the monster high movies and my childhood obsession with these two has resurfaced

like why are they so cute???? their duets??? the way they look at eachother????? childhood me could spot it couple from a mile away

[monsterhigharchive]

Seth Ptolemy and Cleo de Nile Concept Art

By Byron Leboe

[llitchilitchi]

devastating how many books of ancient literature and history have been lost. it's so hard to imagine until you actually see a list and realise that those are the works we know to be lost, just how much of it is gone that we have no idea about?

[beatrack92]

Ptolemy and Copernicus discussing their opposing views of the Universe ☀️ 🌎

[lilyseverina]

Me looking into the family tree of the Syrian branch of the Severan Dynasty:

[althaeaofficinalis]

my favorite thing about this post and the notes are what historical dynasty everyone thinks of the targaryens as. personally I will die on the "medieval ptolemies" hill, even if I die alone and misunderstood.

I think its funny that George RR Martin asks the question “what if the Habsburgs had nuclear weapons” and a lot of the show watching fanbase’s response is “we adore them”

[whencyclopedia]

Rosetta Stone

The Rosetta Stone is an incomplete grey and pink granodiorite stela dating from 196 BCE which presents a priestly decree concerning King Ptolemy V of Egypt. The text is in three different versions: Hieroglyphic, Demotic and Greek, a fact which immeasurably helped to finally decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics. The Rosetta Stone is today on display in the British Museum, London.

Recovery

The Rosetta Stone was discovered at Port Saint Julien, el-Rashid (Rosetta) on the Nile Delta in Egypt in 1799 CE by Pierre François Xavier Bouchard. Bouchard was an officer of engineers in Napoleon's army, and he extracted the stone from an old wall which was being demolished as part of the construction work on Fort Julien. Bouchard's commanding officer, one General Menou, realising its importance, had the stone sent to Alexandria. Casts and copies were made, but the stone was later seized by the British general Tomkins Turner and so the artefact eventually found a permanent home in the British Museum in London.

Several noted international scholars endeavoured to use the Rosetta stone to decipher hieroglyphics, but it was the Englishman Thomas Young who first identified some of the hieroglyphs which related to Ptolemy V Epiphanes (205-180 BCE) and the direction in which the symbols should be read. However, it was in the early 1820s CE that the Egyptian language text was fully deciphered by the French scholar Jean-François Champollion who discovered that the hieroglyphics were, in fact, a mixture of alphabetic, determinative and syllabic elements. Consequently, the full significance of Egyptian hieroglyphs, lost for 1600 years, was finally re-discovered.

Continue reading...

[saturnianoracle]

Whole Signs v Placidus - which house system is better?

Ah yes, ye age olde debate... which house system to use?

When first getting into astrology, the majority will use the placidus house system whether or not they know it. Placidus is the default for modern/ pop astrology; every chart generation website automatically uses it. Nowadays, the most common runner up house system to placidus is Whole Signs (often used by traditional/hellenistic astrologers). Yet, there are many house systems...:

➔Whole signs ➔Placidus ➔Koch ➔Equal/ Equal (MC) ➔Porphyry ➔Regiomontanus ➔Morinus ➔Alcabatius ➔Campanus ➔Meridian ➔Vehlow ➔Meridian

In this post, however, I will give my own argument on why I use whole signs and why I disagree with placidus. If you disagree with me thats fine, but I hope to at least educate on how these house systems even work and the deeper meaning behind why using whole signs is improtant.

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First, how does Placidus work?

The ascendant (as well as the dsc, mc, ic) is a mathematical point based on the on the sign on the Eastern horizon. Placidus works by marking the cusps of the houses into two-hour intervals starting from the time of your birth. This is then pushed every 2 hours for the 12th 11th 10th 9th 8th and 7th house cusps ( because by the 7th house cusp it has completed 6/6 of its daily solar arc ) and then mirrored for the houses below (already an...interesting method). It is a quadrant system.

How does Whole Signs (WS) work?

Whole signs is not a time based system like Placidus. Whole signs split the houses into equal 30 degree segments, much like how the zodiac signs are split, so each house is equal in size and all the signs start at 0 degrees. The ascendant point, MC, IC, and DC float within the house instead.

Main issues:

Historical

➥The maths for this was laid out by Ptolemy for the purpose of understanding primary directions, of which most people now believe was actually used to predict lifespan - not for a house system. And then eventually an astrologer called Abraham ibn Ezra interpreted Ptolemy's works as a house system which Placidus then came along and validated. ➥During the 17th century British astrologers took this and ran. The Church did not like Placidus' works and so the astrologers essentially pushed the system as revenge against the Church/a big F you to them, making it the popularised system to use. This sacrified accuracy. Placidus rests on a foudnation not even designed to be a house system in the first place which creates a lot of problems as we will see below. P.S. I would HIGHLY recommend reading this article on the popularisation of placidus for a more indepth, better explanation.

Functional

➥Placidus simply falls apart at extreme latitudes (which people ARE born at). Take this chart for example:

Is everyone born at extreme latiudes suddenly inherently special for having such a chart where the houses are so vastly unequal and inutile in size? How does one go about interpreting the significance of this? Houses are literally swallowed up/duplicated or are massive or tiny. Just because your houses might not change so much in WS or placidus does not mean its still valid - a house system has to work for everybody universally. In WS however:

This works and makes SENSE. It is not an issue of being able to interpret the so-called intercepted house (which placidus has the issue of as the maths for it was never intended to be a house system in the first place) or not, it is about being accurate in how to read a chart. ➥Notice how in the placidus chart it appears the ascendant is in the 12th house. This is another visual issue with placidus, for instance apps like CoStar will even tell you that your ascendant is in the 12th house... Placidus or not though the ascendant is always in or at the first house, the ascendant can never be in any other house - the 1st house is literally YOU. The cusps just looked messed up because of the intercepted houses. And chart generating platforms like CoStar relying on placidus mess up even further...

➥ Intercepted houses mean a sign/s is "swallowed up" and doesn't influence any house cusp, which contradicts the principle that every zodiac sign has a clear role in the chart (every house and sign matters whether or not a house is empty etc). The idea that a sign is somehow blocked or inaccessible is untrue, whether or not you think it relates to you (certain aspects in your chart for explain that feeling when read properly rather than this, either way astrology does not care about how you feel or how you wish your chart was; many people get upset that their sun sign moves from the 5th to 6th house for example in WS).

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Rebutting common arguments for placidus

"Whole signs doesn't take into account the rotation and curvature of the earth!"

✣First, as explained above, WS houses remain consistent regardless of the observer's latitude, avoiding the distortions and inaccuracies systems like Placidus introduce, particularly at extreme latitudes. WS houses rely on the zodiac's natural, unchanging divisions, which are independent of the Earth's curvature and geographic location (as explained in this post), providing consistent and straightforward house boundaries. ✣WS matches the universe's system. The signs, and therefore the houses are all about the sun rising from zero (its declination/ going from 0 degrees of whatever sign up till 29 and into the next) as the system follows every 30 degree section of the ecliptic , and correlates with the length of the sign's period. If the ascendant involves the ecliptic meeting the horizon , the ascendant point is a specific coordinate that is located within the first house whose cusp starts at 0 rather than marking the beginning of the cusp. Why should the house system not match what is going on above from which we observe and practise.

"Why not a time-based system if astrology is all about predictive techniques and seems so time sensitive?"

✣ Time doesn't exist in space in the same way it does here, time is just our tool to pinpoint moments against a measurement from which we can organise things (generally speaking). Time is, however, crucial for predictions only in how translate what happens up there to below, less so for diving the sky which is basically already divided for us. ✣ Time-based divisions, like placidus, introduce unnecessary complexity without adding real astrological value, as the essential qualities of the houses are fully captured by the zodiac's natural 30-degree segments in WS anyway as explained above.

"The MC and IC cannot be in houses which are not 10th and 4th!"

✣ Yes they can, this is quite straightforward. In WS, the IC can be in the 2nd-6th house and MC in 8th-12th (extremely rarely it can be in the 1st/7th house too). It is a floating mathematical point (like the asc and dsc) and does not mark the beginning of the 4th house and 10th house cusps like in Placidus. ✣ This is because the MC is the point where the sun culminates at its highest position in the sky at a given location, corresponding to the local meridian. The IC is directly opposite, marking the lowest point below the horizon. The MC and IC are not tied to the zodiac signs but are based on the intersection of the ecliptic (the Sun's apparent path) with the meridian line of the observer's location. This intersection varies based on the time of birth and latitude, and these points can occur at any degree of the zodiac. Because WS houses are aligned with the zodiac signs and the MC/IC are specific points along the ecliptic, the MC and IC can fall at different degrees that don't align with the 10th and 4th house cusps. ✣ This adds more nuance to readings. For instance, if the MC is in the 9th house instead of the 10th, it might indicate that one's career/public life/legacy/how they come off is strongly influenced by 9th house themes like higher education, travel, or philosophy. Thus, they add more information to how 10th and 4th house themes manifest. ✣ Here is a must-read article if you want more information (thorough analysis of MC/IC through the houses) on this topic: Patrick Watson- What To Do When the Midheaven Is Not in the 10th Whole Sign House.

Ending thoughts

People find it difficult to move on from placidus because they think their placidus charts makes complete sense/they resonate deeply with it/ they simply prefer their house placements in placidus to WS. All this is because of, for lack of better wording, a skill issue. You think it makes more sense but thats because you don't actually know how to properly delineate a chart - end of. And that's fine, astrology is complex and interpretation requires a lot of practise and deep study, especially into hellenistic works for a richer understanding of astrology.

Using placidus makes readings and your understanding of astrology unnecessarily complex and undermines the true art of chart intepretation, allowing for pop astrologers to import their own 'psychological' analysis, for instance, onto you via astrology - a deep misuse. Astrology has never been about psychologically explaining yourself - it is a map of your entire life of which you will not always 'relate' to, especially at different points in your life because those energies simply won't be pertinent/obvious when we are 5 vs 50 for example. I have spoken about the problems of using "resonating" to determine the accuracy of your astrological studies in my introductory post already, but it is a point which keeps needing to be re-emphasised.

The Whole Sign system is the oldest of all house systems, used effectively by ancient astrologers for thousands of years. It provides consistent and reliable results, particularly in predictive work, without the unnecessary and inaccurate complications introduced by varying house sizes and interceptions. If you want to use profection charts for instance, or many other traditional techniques, placidus will not work.

Placidus (as well as modern rulerships and the ABC house system which I will make posts on later) will take a while to unlearn - it certainly took me a long time to adjust out of the grips of modern pop culture's inaccurate and misleading yet addictive astrology. This is okay. But at the end of the day, wrong is wrong no matter how you try to justify it.

However, it is your personal choice. Posts like mine can only hope to encourage you to explore the deeper layers of astrology. Things like WS can take a while to accept, or you may never accept it - but as long as you make that decision fully informed. Yours sincerely, an ex-Placidus user xoxo

[aphroditelovesu]

⸻ The Lost Queen - IV ⸻

— summary: You woke up near a military camp without remembering how and why you got there, you didn’t understand why they were dressed like ancient Greeks, all you knew was that you weren’t safe and you needed to get out of that place as soon as possible. Too bad for you that you found yourself attracting unwanted attention from the Macedonian King and he won’t let you go so easily.

— genre: yandere, dark!au.

— warnings: time travel, obsessive and possessive behavior, murder, mention of torture, kidnapping, angst, fluffy (very rarely), dub-con, eventual smut, pregnancy.

— pairing: yandere!alexander the great x female!reader, yandere!generals x female!reader.

— word count: 1,870.

— tag list: @devils-blackrose, @faerykingdom, @hadesnewpersephone, @mariaelizabeth21-blog1 , @kadu-5607, @zoleea-exultant, @borntoexplore11-blog, @silmawensgarden, @elvinapandra, @jennifer0305 , @his0kaswife, @animetye-23.

— the lost queen series masterlist.

Chapter 4

Perdiccas didn't know what to do with himself.

The macedonian general felt confused and troubled by the thoughts that were running through his head. He didn't understand why he was feeling this way about someone he had just met but couldn't help it.

There was something about this strange woman that appealed to him profusely.

He watched her like an eagle but kept silent as Alexander questioned her. She seemed quite calm, or so he thought, as she had answered all of Alexander's questions with unwavering grace and confidence. He respected that, respected that she hadn't shown fear even though she was clearly in a vulnerable position.

And when he learned her name it was like a weight had been lifted from his chest. (Y/N). A name he had never heard before but it suited her, suited her beauty. The way she spoke with so much softness and confidence, as a Queen would speak was one of the things that attracted the general's curiosity.

''(Y/N)…'' Perdiccas whispered and was satisfied when the beautiful woman's name fell from his lips.

''What did you say?'' Ptolemy asked and leaned towards Perdiccas, who shook his head quickly.

''Nothing.'' He lied quickly and Ptolemy glared at him for a bit but turned his attention back to the King and (Y/N).

Perdiccas didn't need anyone to find out the thoughts that were in his head, not even his closest friends. There were things that were better left unsaid and he knew within himself that he should never speak what was on his mind about (Y/N). He was sure no one would understand, in fact, not even he understood his thoughts and feelings.

He turned his eyes to (Y/N) again who was escorted to the tent that would be assigned to her. Perdiccas watched her whimpering, wanting desperately to keep up but it wasn't smart to do so.

He clenched his fists as his fellow generals filed out of the King's tent and he promised himself that he would visit her later. Perdiccas needed to make sure she was okay, something inside him screamed that this was what he should do and, for some reason, the general didn't question it.

He closed his eyes and counted to twenty. This habit of counting to calm down has always worked since he was a small child. If he concentrated more, he could hear the sweet sound of his mother's voice telling him epic stories.

And how much he missed his mother. Perhaps she knew what he was supposed to do in this situation.

Perdiccas sighed heavily and left the tent and started walking aimlessly. He didn't know where he was going, he just knew he needed to distract his mind a little and he could choose between walking a little or a sword practice with Cleitus.

He chose the first option.

Not that he didn't like the older general, he did but he preferred to be alone. Cleitus would probably tell him not to stress, get a drink and a woman. The order didn't really matter.

Perdiccas had nothing against getting drunk and sleeping with a woman, but he wasn't in the mood for something like that today. At least not for now, there was the feast and he needed to talk to (Y/N) about something.

He just needed to find out what he needed to talk to her about. And most important of all, he needed to get her out of his head.

Visiting her tent hadn't been the smartest decision he'd made in his life.

Perdiccas was a general, a proud and skilled macedonian warrior. He knew how to wield a sword as well as he knew about diplomacy, maybe he wasn't as good a diplomat as Hephaestion, but he had his talents. And, modesty aside, he was an attractive man. And he knew it.

He knew all this but even so he felt cornered like a wounded animal when addressing the beautiful and strange (Y/N).

His heart broke when he saw her crying and he wanted to hug her and try to calm her down. He didn't understand why he felt that way about her, although he was considerate of others, Perdiccas never acted like that with anyone, not even with his friends from Mieza.

He felt a little better when she smiled at him. It was a forced and sad smile, but it was still an attempt at a smile and he promised himself that he would do everything to make the feast pleasant for her.

And for that to happen he would need to talk to his friends, to make sure they didn't do anything or say anything that made her more uncomfortable than she already was.

Which was why he was sitting on the couch in his tent, with his friends gathered, except for Alexander and Hephaestion who were talking about something he didn't know. He looked at them all and smiled faintly, Ptolemy, Cleitus, Philotas, Nearchus and Cassander.

He took a deep breath and started talking, ''I called you here because I have something important to talk about.''

Ptolemy looked into his friend's face and pursed his lips, ''And what is it about? I imagine it is not about any attempted conspiracy against our King and friend.'' This was Ptolemy's way attempt to lighten the mood and it paid off when everyone laughed.

''No, but it's always an idea!'' Perdiccas chuckled, ''But I want to talk about our guest. (Y/N).'' At the mention of her name, a suffocating silence fell and he swallowed hard.

''What about her?'' Cassander's dry, cold voice broke the silence.

Perdiccas frowned at Cassander's sly tone, ''Are you aware that she will be at the feast tonight?''

Everyone nodded hesitantly.

''We must be sure to make her as comfortable as possible.'' Perdiccas took a deep breath and continued, ''It is our duty.''

Philotas blinked in surprise and said in a voice full of disgust, ''Why?''

Perdiccas glared at him, ''Because we are not wild and uncivilized. She is our guest.''

''I wouldn't say guest, Perdiccas.'' Ptolemy's calm voice interrupted the argument about to form. ''We don't know her and she doesn't know us. We don't know anything about her, only that she is a stranger who appeared out of nowhere in our camp. ''

''Precisely and that's why we should be kind and also why Alexander is treating her like a guest. Our King knows how to be kind, but has he ever bestowed a tent, food and clothing on just anyone?'' No one replied and, satisfied with that, Perdiccas continued, ''We don't need to be cruel or act savage, she is not a threat and we should be courteous.''

''I agree with our friend.'' Cleitus replied and smirked as attention shifted to him, ''She appears to be harmless and, moreover, she is very pretty and appears to be polite. Even if she is a foreigner, we don't need to act so badly unless she poses a threat. ''

''I think the same, Cleitus.'' Nearchus replied with a laugh. ''She may be a stranger to us, but we can try to be kind and tolerant. There is nothing wrong with that.''

''So are we in agreement? Shall we do our best to make this feast something pleasant for her?'' Perdiccas finally asked and everyone thought for a moment.

''We are.'' Ptolemy replied and soon Cleitus and Nearchus did the same. Cassander and Philotas frowned a little but nodded in agreement with their friends.

Satisfied with the arrangement, Perdiccas finally felt lighter that day.

He had decided that he would try to be as gentle and calm as possible with her.

Perdiccas wanted to do a favor, a kindness, and sent two servants with some clothes and jewelry for (Y/N) to use at the feast.

Although she looked very pretty in what she was wearing, because she was, but it wasn't the appropriate type of outfit to wear to a banquet. Whatever that was, it definitely wouldn't be of good use for the occasion.

Perdiccas finally finished getting dressed and hoped he looked presentable. His hair was braided and one part loose and he wore a white chiton with some gold bands, along with some bracelets and wore his traditional sandal. He hadn't dressed up as much because he didn't think it was necessary, but he wanted to make a good impression on (Y/N).

The general got out of his tent and started walking towards (Y/N)'s tent. As he walked, he surveyed his surroundings and smiled when he saw that the soldiers were busy with bonfires, lots of wine, and small talk. Sometimes he and his comrades are like that.

Once he arrived in front of (Y/N)'s tent, he waited a few minutes to make sure she was dressed. Seeing her naked wasn't in his plans, but it wouldn't bother him. Shaking his head to rid himself of such thoughts, he entered when he had permission from (Y/N)

And he almost fell to his knees right there.

She just looked... Divine. Her face was clean and natural, with just a little bit of kohl applied to her eyes, bringing out the beautiful color in them. Her hair was done in a rather ordinary but very attractive hairstyle, showing off her neck which was adorned with a necklace that he had chosen himself. A beautiful gold necklace. And her clothing, oh, the chiton fit her perfectly and although it was long and covered her legs, Perdiccas could still catch a glimpse of her thighs when she turned around and the cleavage was subdued but pretty. He was sure if he got close to her he could catch a glimpse of her breasts, but he didn't.

Instead, he blushed a little without knowing why and smiled at her, which she returned with a shy smile that made Perdiccas' heart skip a beat.

He moved a little closer to her and offered his strong arm, which (Y/N) accepted, hooking hers in his.

''Are you ready?'' His voice was as low as a whisper and she nodded. Perdiccas began to guide her to Alexander's tent, the place where the feast would be held.

As they approached, Perdiccas could hear the noise of his friends' voices and he felt (Y/N)'s body tense. He stopped walking and forced her to look at him.

''You have nothing to worry about. You are under Alexander's protection and, dare I say, mine,'' he murmured, looking into her eyes tenderly, ''no one will dare to hurt you and I promise they will all be kind.''

''Thank you.'' She whispered, closing her eyes. ''For everything.''

Perdiccas smiles widely and in an act of weakness, he leans his forehead against hers.

''Whenever you need something, come to me or call me and I'll come to you.'' His voice was so low that it could barely be heard over the loud noises echoing from the King's tent. But they didn't care.

Perdiccas and (Y/N) didn't care because the only importance was themselves at that moment.

— lady l: and that ending there, huh?? I know it wasn't the feast, but I wanted to show Perdiccas pov, but don't worry, because the next chapter will be the feast and I promise A LOT of drama!! What did you think? I hope you enjoyed it and forgive me for any mistakes that went unnoticed. I love you all!! ❤️

[bookishfeylin]

I know you don't usually do these kinds of posts, but you're probably one of the most implicated in black history month people that I follow so I wanted to ask you, as I already value your opinions in Acotar, what do you think of the documentary where actual historians claim Cleopatra was a black woman? Lately, this has been a pretty active topic on my fyp on TikTok, and I wanted to know a black woman's perspective on this.

Thank you in advance, and if you usually don't answer these questions or don't want to answer this one, I'll totally understand, and there's no problem at all.

I didn’t know there was a new documentary out, but when I saw the name Cleopatra I automatically sighed because I knew what was coming. This is a subject a know a little 🤏🏾 about, actually, because I researched it a bit myself in my last year of high school (and stopped because of the uh. NASTINESS associated with this particular subject) and though it’s been a few years I remembered some main, basic things, and I wanted to check a few things first.

At best, in the most CHARITABLE interpretation as far as I in my limited knowledge can tell, it would be correct to say that’s it’s POSSIBLE that she MAY have been mixed Black because, though she was part of the GREEK Ptolemaic dynasty that ruled Egypt (Ptolemy being one of Alexander the Great’s generals who got the Egyptian portion of his empire after Alexander died), that’s on her fathers side; her mother’s exact ethnicity isn’t known. Not that this won’t stop the hoteps from running off and claiming her and all of ancient Egypt as Black though So some have ***speculated*** that her mother—and thus Cleopatra—may have potentially been part Egyptian (and that goes into the issue of deciding that the “Egyptian” in this instance had to have been Black rather than MENA but that’s again a whole other can of worms). BUT it’s more likely that her mother was Greek due to the uh, PRACTICE™️ of inbreeding and it not being common for the dynasty to marry Egyptians. So it’s more probable that she was fully Greek/Macedonian and not part Egyptian, much less part Black. (Also some historians speculate she may have had Persian blood? I guess? Again it’s a can of worms, not something i’m digging deep into because of the nastiness that you often stumble across) Unless there’s a new study confirming her mother’s identity or something that I missed, it’s simply incorrect to claim that Cleopatra was undeniably Black, because though it is ***possible*** she most likely ***wasn’t.***

But this topic really upsets me, because there are LEGITIMATE Black kingdoms and empires who were mighty and well developed and powerful like the Aksumite empire and kingdoms of Kongo and Loango and the Great Zimbabwe empire and the empires of Ghana and Mali and Songhay and the Ashanti kingdom and the WHOLE SWAHILI COAST THAT WAS INVOLVED IN THE INDIAN OCEAN TRADE ROUTE and they had their own great rulers, their own kings and queens and emperors and empresses, their palaces and castles, their own cities and towns, their own complex civilizations and dynastic royal families that deserve the attention Cleopatra and ancient Egypt get. They were erased—and Egypt was not—by white people to prop themselves up as the only race capable of forming civilizations and advanced societies as a means of justifying colonization and imperialism to “civilize” the rest of the world and as a result many of those other empires have been erased from our education system here in the states and many people cling to ancient Egypt as proof that we’re not inferior and aren’t savages like white people claim due to believing that since Egypt’s in Africa it had to have been mostly Black when Egypt, and the Ptolemaic dynasty and Cleopatra in PARTICULAR, are literally the worst example that could’ve been chosen and were the only African kingdom spared erasure FOR A REASON.

Anyway, I don’t like it, it’s disingenuous and does US wrong because we need to give that energy to other African kingdoms that need and could use the fame Egypt + Cleopatra get, and we deserve a better education system to teach us this stuff. I hope this answers your question? And I don’t mind any kinds of asks 🥰

[memories-of-ancients]

What the feckin heck is Ptolemaic Egypt?

So Alexander the Great conquered the world, or I should say most of the world that the Greeks knew of at that time. His empire didn't last long, however, collapsing roughly two seconds after his death in 323 BC. His generals carved up the empire, becoming kings of the various parts of the empire. They were called the Diodochs, and they would all start trying to fight each other to take the entire empire for themselves, but that was all just wishful thinking and eventually they would become independent kingdoms.

One of his generals named Ptolemy Soter took over Egypt, and the house of Ptolemy ruled Egypt for roughly the next 300 incestuous years. That is why that period is called "Ptolemaic Egypt". The house of Ptolemy would fall when its final ruler Cleopatra VII backed the wrong side in a Roman civil war resulting in her death and the Roman conquest of Egypt.

[lapquang]

ASTROLOGY | CHIRON IN THE HOUSES (4/7)

CHIRON IN THE 4TH HOUSE Chiron in the fourth house represents a deep emotional wound, rooted in one's sense of family, home, and roots. This placement refers to the struggle to find emotional stability, when the foundations of the individual's life—symbolized by family and childhood environment—may be disturbed or damaged. Astrologer Ivy M. Goldstein-Jacobson compares this to a tree with twisted or broken roots, where finding stability becomes a lifelong challenge. Ancient astrologers such as Ptolemy, who saw celestial influences as both personal and karmic, explained this wound as inherited from ancestors. Emotional pain related to family can be considered a soul contract, passed down through generations. It speaks to unresolved ancestral issues, where family relationships or traumas become personal burdens. Babylonian astrologers—who linked the stars to the destiny of peoples—may have seen this position as a sign of ancestral pain, where emotional legacies are as influential as genetics.

From a spiritual perspective, as described by Evangeline Smith Adams, this perspective can imply a form of spiritual exile. The individual may feel pushed away or separated from the comfort of family, like Odysseus on his long journey away from Ithaca. This emotional exile prompts a profound search for a sense of belonging, often through healing family wounds or creating a new sense of belonging. The myth of Chiron, who was abandoned by his parents and raised by others, reflects this theme, emphasizing reconciliation with his roots. The Oedipus motif is also very relevant here. Chiron in the fourth house reflects this truth, indicating that unresolved family wounds will continue to exist until they are confronted. People with this placement may struggle with a sense of "belonging" anywhere, even within themselves. This can manifest itself through frequent moves or a deep sense of emotional disconnection from family, leaving them feeling unsafe or unsupported. Dane Rudhyar, known for his focus on spiritual development through astrology, sees this wound as an opportunity for change. He sees Chiron in the fourth house as an invitation to heal family rifts and build a new sense of belonging from within. Similar to how alchemists viewed chaos as the starting point of transformation leading to divine union, this position symbolizes the journey from emotional separation to inner emotional security.

CHIRON IN THE 5TH HOUSE The fifth house in astrology is associated with creativity, joy, and self-expression. When Chiron is present here, it represents a wound related to free creativity, whether that be through artistic pursuits, love, or even the birth of life. In the myth of Icarus, despite his talent for making wings, Icarus met with disaster because of an imbalance—flying too high toward the sun, then lowering too close to the sea. Similarly, those with Chiron in the fifth house may feel both gifted and cursed with their creative potential, unsure how to express it fully without fear of failure or rejection. Astrologer Thomas Ring suggests that this position often indicates an experience from childhood where creative joy is stifled or ridiculed, causing lasting blockage. This can manifest itself as a fear of failure in artistic endeavors or a shyness when entering into romantic relationships where vulnerability in love becomes too scary. In traditional understanding, the fifth house represents the "spark of life," but when Chiron is here, that spark is extinguished, causing self-doubt or untapped potential.

Chiron's experience in the fifth house can be compared to a garden that once bloomed but is now overrun by weeds, where creative impulses still exist but are suppressed by inner doubt, Past criticism or fear of vulnerability. This symbolizes the wounded artist archetype—someone who has great potential but has difficulty expressing it fully due to wounds left over from rejection or failure. In romantic relationships, this position can indicate emotional wounds related to romantic rejection or the fear of being seen through by others. These people may feel insecure in love, vacillating between grand gestures and emotional withdrawal, fearful of being hurt again. However, as Karl Ernst Krafft emphasized with his focus on the cyclical nature of creation, this wound often transforms into a source of regeneration. Like a phoenix rising from the ashes, those with Chiron in the fifth house can experience a creative resurgence, turning their suffering into inspiration.

Chiron positioned in the fifth house represents the wounded inner child in pursuit of healing via creative endeavors. By acknowledging their sensitivity, embracing vulnerability, and confronting the possibility of failure, individuals can restore their creative potential. In spite of encountering various challenges, Da Vinci persevered in his experiments and ultimately created a remarkable work of art. The lesson here is that the pain of creating something meaningful can lead to overcoming the wounds that once hindered the individual.

CHIRON AT THE 6TH HOUSE Traditionally the sixth house is associated with responsibility and discipline, Chiron here marks a person who may sacrifice personal needs to fulfill responsibilities, often neglecting health or personal barriers in the process . It is related to health, service and daily habits. Like Virgil's Aeneas, who shouldered the fate of his people, people with this position often feel driven to serve others, sometimes sacrificing their own health to fulfill their responsibilities. In his foundational work on celestial influences, Claudius Ptolemaeus interpreted this placement as a karmic wound related to the body and normal aspects of life. People with this placement may experience chronic health problems, physical pain or psychological illnesses, all of which act as a form of spiritual cleansing, reflecting Greek beliefs - Ancient Egyptians believed that the body is a vessel for divine energy, vulnerable when imbalance occurs in the universe. These individuals may find themselves stuck in a Sisyphus-like loop, constantly pushing the boulder of responsibility up the hill, only for it to roll back down, trapping them in a spiral of overwork and self-neglect, often working in fields like medicine, consulting, or caregiving.

With Chiron in the sixth house, there can be a sense of never-ending vortex of responsibility, where no amount of effort seems to be enough, and health continually betrays them when strength is needed most. Perfectionism is a major theme. These individuals may set unbearably high standards for themselves, crave perfection in their work, health, or daily routine, and feel that they are only valuable when they produce tangible results. The body often becomes a battleground for unresolved emotional or psychological wounds, manifesting as chronic illnesses that do not respond to conventional treatments. Additionally, they may be sensitive to environmental factors such as diet, stress, and emotional states, which greatly affect their health. Galileo Galilei struggled with the constraints of rigid scientific dogmas, which represents the need for this position to be freed from overly rigid habits or beliefs regarding work, health, and service. The healing process for these individuals involves adopting a more holistic view of health. Carl Jung’s concept of individuation—the integration of the self—offers a path to healing where they learn to balance their own needs with their desire to serve others, ultimately finding peace within themselves and their work.

[mapsontheweb]

The Hellenistic world

"Atlante storico tascabile", Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara,1999

via cartesdhistoire

In 323 BC, Alexander died without heirs, possibly from the plague. His empire, already facing insurrectionary movements, did not outlive him. His generals, the Diadochi, began a protracted struggle for power: Antipater in Macedonia, Lysimachus in Thrace, Ptolemy in Egypt, Antigonus Monophthalmos in Asia Minor and Syria, and Seleucus in Babylon.

The first phase of the war among the Diadochi concluded at Ipsus in Phrygia in 301 BC, with the "battle of the kings." Lysimachus, Seleucus, and Cassander, son of Antipater, defeated Antigonus, who had been consistently victorious until then. Seleucus and Ptolemy, prudent rulers, founded dynasties destined for long endurance, even though they were not immune to the temptation of rebuilding Alexander's empire. The focal point of the conflict became Macedonia, and long wars ensued for its dominion.

The Epigones, successors of the Diadochi, instead supported the status quo. The kings of Egypt and Syria founded new cities, respecting the rights of existing poleis.

Nearly all Hellenistic kings surrounded themselves with scholars, artists, and scientists. Ptolemy I founded the largest library of antiquity in Alexandria, Egypt.

In 277 BC, the Galatians, of Celtic descent, settled in Asia Minor. Some provinces declared independence, including the kingdom of Pergamon, a city renowned for being built on terraces, distinguished by the splendor of its culture and art, exemplified by a library of 400,000 volumes.

The kingdom of Bactria, situated in the northern region of present-day Afghanistan, was also significant, representing the eastern extent of Hellenistic influence and serving as a crossroads between the cultures of the Mediterranean region and those of China and India.

Antiochus III, the greatest of the Seleucids, expanded the empire's territories. However, the invasion of Greece in 192 BC triggered a war with Rome. Following the war, the king was compelled to accept peace, marking the beginning of the inexorable decline of his empire.

[mh-midnight-wanderer]

So I was thinking about Monster High 2022 cartoon showrunner Shea Fortana responded on Instagram while making the show in which G1 characters will be integrated and there is a handful of characters MH franchise team doesn't want to introduce to a new generation.

So I made a list...

Also, I'd like to point out that I could be 100% wrong. I don't work for Mattel and it's just pure speculation from me.

The first two tiers explain itself: Characters that appear in the show. Main characters that already have dolls and those who don't have dolls yet.

The "Cameo" tier: Probably Operetta will appear next year with Jinafire, Skelita, etc.

The "Unknown status" tier is debatable. In the case of MH live-action movie uses the character Jackson / Holt to make Mr. Komos. Who knows if they are going to use these characters later on.

The "Ties with other franchise" Tier: I don't know if C.A Cupid will never return because Ever After High.

The "Controversial ones" Tier: Isi, Gigi Grant, Whisp, Hoodude, & Jane ties in with sensitivity issues of their own culture.

I didn't know that Kjersti is based on a real person who caused controversy with Mattel because Becky's wheelchair doll couldn't fit in Barbie's Dreamhouse.

And the last tier: Are characters have bland designs that would be difficult to sell. Except for Wydowna but probably won't sell well because cost of molding and designing clothing specific for her. Most likely higher up thinks she's too scary for kids.

I know there more characters that have potential like Johnny Spirit, Seth Ptolemy, Spelldon Cauldronello

Like I said in my previous post. The problem with G1 is that a new MH doll line must include 3 or 4 new characters. And some of them don't even go to Monster High. Chances are getting less screen time or don't get development.

This is understandable for the business side of things that most popular characters will be introduced first and see which ones need redesign like Lagoona, Ghoulia, etc.

At the end of the day. Monster High cartoon is like any other show to promote toys.

If the Monster High 2022 show ended. The MH fanbase will live and stay here: creating fanarts, fanfictions, or even custom dolls of your favorite character.

[whencyclopedia]

Ptolemaic Egypt

Ptolemaic Egypt existed between 323 and 30 BCE when Egypt was ruled by the Macedonian Ptolemaic dynasty. During the Ptolemaic period, Egyptian society changed as Greek immigrants introduced a new language, religious pantheon, and way of life to Egypt. The Ptolemaic capital Alexandria became the premier city of the Hellenistic world, known for its Great Library and the Pharos lighthouse.

From Persian Rule to Alexander

In 525 BCE, Egypt was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire, beginning a period of harsh foreign rule and cultural repression. Egypt briefly regained its independence from 404 BCE until 342 BCE before it was reconquered. Discontent with the Persian government resulted in the Egyptians welcoming Alexander the Great as a liberator when he invaded in 332 BCE. Alexander had already broken the Persian army at the Battle of Issus (333 BCE), and Mazakes, the satrap of Egypt, surrendered without a fight.

Alexander demonstrated a deep respect for Egyptian culture, choosing to be crowned pharaoh according to traditional custom. He offered sacrifices to the Egyptian gods in Heliopolis and Memphis and hosted Greek athletic games to celebrate his reign. Next, he traveled south to the Oracle of Amun, whom the Greeks equated with Zeus, in the Siwa Oasis. Alexander believed himself to be the son of Zeus, which the oracle seemingly confirmed for him. The idea had precedent in Egyptian royal ideology in which kings were considered living gods, the offspring of deities like Ra or Amun. It was an unusually grandiose claim for Greek rulers, but Alexander's reputation was great enough for the Greeks to accept him as a demigod.

Alexander's grand design will slowly have come to encompass the idea that all peoples were to be subjugated for the formation of a new world order; for this purpose, the Egyptian pharaonic system presented a very suitable ideology that was well established and has been accepted for millennia.

(Hölbl, 9)

In 331 BCE, Alexander visited the fishing village of Rhakotis where he planned the foundation of a new city, Alexandria. He intended for Alexandria to be the capital of his empire, a link between Egypt and the Mediterranean. Before leaving to continue his conquests, Alexander appointed two governors, Doloaspis and Peteisis, and named Cleomenes of Naukratis, a Greek Egyptian, as his satrap. He also left a small army to occupy and defend Egypt.

Statue of Alexander the Great as Pharaoh

Carole Raddato (CC BY-SA)

After the death of Alexander the Great in Babylon in 323 BCE, his general Ptolemy I became satrap of Egypt. He was nominally the servant of Alexander's successors Philip Arrhidaeus and Alexander IV of Macedon, but in reality, he ruled on his own initiative. Ptolemy I quickly executed Cleomenes, whose exorbitant taxation was unpopular, and began establishing royal policies to modernize the country. By 310 BCE, the last of Alexander's heirs had died, and during the Wars of the Diadochi, Alexander's generals claimed pieces of his empire. Ptolemy I was crowned king of Egypt in 306 BCE, establishing the Ptolemaic dynasty.

Continue reading...

[foxboyroadkill]

MACEDONIAN HISTORY

hi. history of all of macedonia, by a macedonian. I will not be calling it north macedonia, im sorry. VERY LONG POST. Im sorry if its messy, i did my best

Before people accuse me, no i dont have anything against greeks or bulgars, frankly idgaf what you are, as long as you dont deny our existance and yes, greeks and bulgars can interact.

@dressuprat hey bud you said you wanna be tagged, im finally done

So, Macedonia has existed for very, very long now.

Macedonia is also the oldest surviving name in Europe! Archaeological evidence shows that old European civilization flourished in Macedonia between 7000 and 3500 BC. In 808-399 BC, Caranus enstablished the first Macedonian kingdom, which was lead by Alexandar I "Phihellene", who fought as a Persian alley in the Greek-Persian wars. His son, Perdiccas II started a conflict between Sparta and Athens, leading to the 27 year Peloponnesian War. Archelaus is who turns Macedonia into an economic power, reorganizing the army. During 359-336 BC, Philip II manages to raise Macedonia into the greatest European power, overcoming all its neighbours (Greeks, Illyrians and Thracians) on August 2nd, 338 BC, defeat the Greeks in The Battle of Chaeronea. This marks an end of Greek history and the start of the Macedonian era. Theopompus, an ancient writer, titles Philip - "the greatest man that Europe had ever given." 336-323 BC, Alexandar III the Great - the son of Philip - carries the Macedonian armies to Asia, conquering Persia and creates the largest Empire (the Macedonian Empire), which stretches from Europe to India and North Africa. 323 BC is the death of Alexandar, which plunges Macedonia into a civil war. By 300 BC, the Macedonian Empire is carved up into the dynasties of Alexandar's generals, aka, Antigonus I, Ptolemy I and Seleucus I.Under Antigonus II Gonatas, Macedonia achieves a stable rule, strenghtening its occupation of Greece. The two "Macedonian wars" which are against the Romans, defeat Philip V's armies, and Macedonia is reduced to its original borders, losing Greece. In 168 BC, the last Macedonian king, Perseus, dies in prison in Italy, after being defeated by Rome in the third "Macedonian war". In 65 BC, the Selecuid Macedonian Kingdom in Asia is conquered by Rome. An end is put to the last Macedonian descendants in Egypt, aswell as the remains of the Macedonian Empire, in 30 BC, when the Romans win over Cleopatra VII.

As of 395, the Roman Empire is split into Western and Eastern. Macedonia falls into Eastern - Byzantine. In 855-886, two Macedonian brothers, Cyril and Methodius, create the first Slavonic alphabet and spread Christianity among the Slavs. Cyril and Methodius' disciples Clement and Naum of Ohrid spread Christianity in the Slavonic language and later establish the first Slavonic Universiy. The first Macedonian Byzantine emporor is Basil I the Macedonian, aka founder of the Macedonian Dynasty. The empre reaches its 'Golden Age' while being ruled by the Macedonian Dynasty (867-1052). The Bogomil teaching, which appeared in the first half of the 10th century and spread through the Balkans and Europe, first appeared in Macedonia. Around 976, the Macedonian Slavs start to rebel against Bulgarian authority, and create a strong Macedonian Medieval Kingdom under Tsar Samoil. The kingdom spreads and Samoil conquers parts of Greece, Bulgaria, Albania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia, Dalmacia and Epirus. It's defeated by Basil II the Macedonian in 1014, and Byzantium takes his empire by 1018. Two major uprisings erupt against the Byzantine rule in Macedonia. Being led by Petar Deljan (1040) and Gjorgji Vojteh (1072). Macedonia remained on Byzantine territory until 1389, when the Ottoman Turks conquered it. In around 1564/65, the first significant Macedonian resistance movement against the Turkish occupation is recorded, known as the Mariovo-Prilep Rebellion. In 1689, the Karposh uprising follows, however the leader (Karposh) is executed on the stone bridge located in Skopje. Under preassure from the Greek Patriarch in Istanbul, in 1767, the Turks abolish the Ohrid Archbishopric, which was what had kept the spiritual soul of the Macedonians alive since the times of Tsar Samoil. In 1822, the Negus uprising erupts, which is an insurrection of the Macedonians for liberation in southern Macedonia.

Greece (1828), Serbia (1830) and Bulgaria (1878) gain independence from the Turkish rule, desplaying territorial aspirations on Macedonian territory, which raises the "Macedonian question" - Serbs, Bulgars and Greeks compete in their quest to occupy Macedonia. In 1878/79, The Macedonians rebel against the Turkish occupation, once again, known as the Krersna Uprising now. The Macedonian freedom fighters adopt a constitution known as the Rules of the Macedonian Uprising Committee. Bishop Theodosius of Skopje begins a campaign for the restoration of the Ohrid Archbishopric (which was, once again, destroyed in 1767) and an independent Macedonian Orthodox Church, in 1891, the Bulgars destroy this. The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, known as VMRO is founded in 1893. Under the slogan "Macedonia belongs to the Macedonians", its objectives are clear (freedom and an independent country). Its leader is Georgi (Goce/Gotse) Delchev. The Macedonian revolutionaries known as Demidzii, carry out a series of attacks on buildings in Salonica (where VMRO was founded) in hopes to draw attention to the Macedonian people. On august 2, 1903, VMRO launches the Illinden Uprising, declaring Macedonian Independence. The town of Krushevo is liberated. However, the Uprising is brutally crushed by the Turks, Krushevo is burnt to ashes and more than 150 Macedonian villages are destroyed. Krste Petkov Misirkov - who founded the modern Macedonian language and orthography - published his book, "On Macedonian matters" in 1903. It is an important book that talks about the the principles for standardization of the Macedonian literary language. In 1908, when The Young Turk revolution shutters the Ottoman Empire, The Macedonian revolutionary organization, through Jane Sandanski and the newly formed National Federal Party, actively takes part in the Young Turk movement for Macedonian independence.

Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria all join forces and with the help of 100,000 Macedonians, defeat the Turkish army in Macedonia in 1912. However, Macedonia is still denied independence, despite helping. In August 1913, the Treaty of Bucharest, parts the country between them three. Greece takes the biggest part (the southern part of Macedonia, Aegean Macedonia), they rename it "Northern Greece". The Greeks burn Kukush (the birthplace of Goce) to ashes. Bulgaria annexed the Pirin region, abolishing the Macedonian name, while Serbia took the Vardar region and called it "Southern Serbia". In world war I, Bulgaria sides with the Central Powers and occupies the Vardar side of Macedonia by 1915. By the end of world war I in 1918, Macedonia is left divided. In 1919, the Macedonian peoples demands for independence at the Paris Peace conference are ignored. Vardar Macedonia was "given back" to the now kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In 1924, the Macedonian "Abecedar" which the Macedonian children need, is withdrawn before it is given to them.

In 1925, the leader of VMRO is Dimitar Vlahov. VMRO's main objective was to free Macedonia and create an independent political unit, that'll be an equal member of the Balkan Federation, and 10 years later, in 1935, the Macedonian national movement is established. In 1941, when the second world war started, Bulgaria (a fascist ally of Hitler) occupied almost all of Macedonia and helps the nazis departuring the Macedonian Jews to concentration camps. October 11th, 1941, a war for liberation of Macedonia was launched. The anti-fascist sentiment lends support for the Communist movement and in 1943, the Communist Party of Macedonia is enstablished, the first unit of the Army of Macedonia is founded. The Headquarters of the National Liberation Army (NOV) publishes a manifesto of the goals of the war for liberation. On August 2, 1944, which is 2282 years after the Battle of Chaeronea, aswell as the 41st anniversary of the Ilinden uprising, ASNOM (the Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia) proclaims a Macedonian state. The ASNOM presidium is formed with Metodia Andonov Chento as its first President. In 1945, April 16th, the first government of the People's Republic of Macedonia is formed, having Lazar Kolisevski as his leader. In 1946 Bulgaria (which is under the leadership of Georgi Dimitrov) finally recognizes Macedonia as a nation. The majority of the population of the Pirin part of Macedonia declares itself as Macedonian. In the Greek civial war (1946-1949), the Macedonians of the Aegean side of Macedonia fought on the side of the Greek Communistic party (KKE) as they were promised rights after it. A few years later, when the communists loose the war, Macedonians are stripped out of their human rights and heavily dehumanized. 28,000 Aegean Macedonian children, called "child refugees" are seperated from their families, taken to eastern Europe to save them from the horriors that follow. Thousands of Macedonians are slaughtered in cold blood and many Macedonian villages are burned to ashes. In 1956, Bulgaria, under leadership of Todor Zhivkov, reverts its recognision of the Macedonian nation and yet again forbids any and all expression of Macedonian nationality (language, etc). In 1958, the Ohrid Archbishopric, which was abolished in 1767, is restored and in 1967 the Macedonian Academy of Arts and Sciences is founded, as well as the autocephaly of the Orthodox Church in Macedonia is proclaimed.

In 1986, the Greek letter known as "Elefteros Tipos" says that the prime minister Papandreu has agreed to recognize Macedonian as an offical language in Yugoslavia. In 1988, the Macedonian language was supposed to be recognized in Greece, however the banker’s affair "Koskotas" brought down the PASOK government, and the documents were never signed. The United Macedonian Organization - Ilinden was founded in 1989 and it declared cultural and national autonomy for the Macedonians in Pirin Macedonia, where it was founded. Federal Yugoslavia began to disintegrate in 1991 as the countries began gaining independence. On a referendum on September 8, Macedonia finally gains its independence, and Kiro Gligorov is elected as its first president. The Republic of Macedonia is the declared a sovereign, independent, civil, and democratic state, and in 1993, it is admitted into the United Nations. In 1994, Greece insists that there is no Macedonian nation and says we have no right to use the name Macedonia, so Greece imposes a trade embargo on Macedonia because of the refusal to change the country and nation name as well as the language, and change the Constitution Article 47 that specifies "the Republic of Macedonia cares for the statue and rights of those persons belonging to the Macedonian people in neighboring countries”. Greece withdraws any Macedonian talk and blocks any Macedonian acceptance. In 1995, when Macedonia becomes a part of the Council of Europe, The Human Rights Watch condemns Greece for the oppression of Macedonians, which Greece denies exists. Both Amnesty International and the European Parliament urge Greece to stop the oppression of the ethnic Macedonians on the Macedonian territory Greece appropriated in 1913 and just recognize the language.

In 1963, there was a very strong earthquake on July 26. It was in Skopje, capital of Macedonia, with the power of 6.1 moment magnitude. It killed over 1070 people, injured around 3000-4000 and left over 200k homeless, 80% or more of the city was destroyed. It started at 5:17am (Macedonian time), lasted 20 seconds and was felt mostly along the Varder River Valley. There was smaller aftershocks until 5:43. It was a lenghty recovery that took around 20 years, maybe more, but we got help from all over the world.

Macedonia officially changed its name to North Macedonia on February 12, 2019. This change was the result of the Prespa Agreement, which was signed on June 17, 2018, between Greece and Macedonia to resolve a long-lasting over the use of the name "Macedonia." The name change was an attempt at bettering our and Greece's relationship.

Important notes, misc history things I didn't mention:

We were forced to change our name for a very dumb reason. Solun, Pella... the area in Greece that carries the name Macedonia is rightfully ours, it's the area that was taken in 1913 and not given back. Kukush is also ours.

Bulgarians and Greeks try claiming some Macedonian heros - Alexandar the great, Goce Delchev, some more I think - for reasons I will debunk. They either:

- were born in area that was ours, but got taken by them,

- spoke in Bulgarian/Greek,

- or called themself Bulgarian/Greek.

Many Macedonians called themself Bulgarian or Greek throughout history for simple reaosons: Macedonian talk was forbidden, any Macedonians were killed in cold blood.

When we were occupied by Bulgaria, Macedonians had to put wooden desks on their windows so they could freely speak their own language. It was banned. If you were heard speaking Macedonian, using a Macedonian name, speaking of Macedonia or Macedonian tradition, you would be slaughtered. Kids were taken from their homes, taken to Bulgarian schools and forced to learn, write and speak in Bulgarian, use Bulgarian names. They were forced to memorize and sing a song that went "I am a Bulgar"

Macedonians were forced to Greekify their names. An example- Nikifor, a traditional Macedonian name, would be turned to Nikiforos. Nobody was allowed to learn in Macedonian- it was either Greek, Bulgarian, or sometimes, Serbian.

The only historical figure Bulgarians won't try to claim, is Krste Petkov Misirkov. He would explicitly call himself Macedonian, no matter what, write in Macedonian, no matter what, and repeatidly fought for the Macedonian language. He boycotted many schools to learn in Macedonian. However, they did try to silence him- burning his books.

Macedonia has been mentioned in the Bible. Five times. I'm aware not everyone is religious, but I'd still like to mention this. Please don't get upset.

In short, I'm sick of everyone either not knowing, or ignoring, the many years of Ethnic clensing and torture we have been through. I am tired of people just joking about it. We are still actively discriminated against, perhaps I'll make a post on it.