#Gaganyaan launch

[shamnadt]

ISRO to develop ECLSS for Gaganyaan mission after failing to get it from other countries: Somanath

ISRO chairman S Somanath on Wednesday said the space agency has decided to indigenously develop the environmental control and life support system (ECLSS) for the upcoming human space flight mission Gaganyaan, after it failed to get it from other countries. The Gaganyaan project envisages a demonstration of Indian Space Research Organisation’s human spaceflight capability by launching a human crew…

[competitionpedia]

Why is ISRO building a second rocket launchport in Tamil Nadu’s Kulasekarapattinam?

The cornerstone for ISRO's second rocket launchpad was laid on February 28 in Kulasekarapattinam, situated in the Thoothukudi district of coastal Tamil Nadu. It will be dedicated solely to commercial, on-demand, and small satellite launches in the future. To know more about Rocket Launch Port in Tamil Nadu, visit: https://competitionpedia.in/…/news-current…/07-03-2024

[vikas7890]

ISRO Successfully Launches Gaganyaan Test Flight Abort Mission

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman S Somanath on Saturday announced the success of the ‘TV-D1’ (Test Vehicle Development Flight 1) in the Gaganyaan Mission. The test vehicle was launched on the second attempt after it had faced an engine ignition problem at 8:45am IST. ISRO briefly aborted the launch of the first uncrewed test flight (TV-D1 Flight Test). Later, it said that the…

[spaceexp]

India approves 4 major space programmes, including an Indian Space Station, a Lunar Sample Return mission, Venus Orbiter Mission along with a reusable 30 ton to LEO Next Gen Launch Vehicle rocket. Doubles budget for Gaganyaan Human Spaceflight programme.

[stele3]

[beardedmrbean]

India has unveiled four Air Force pilots who have been shortlisted to travel on the country's maiden space flight scheduled for next year.

The Gaganyaan mission aims to send three astronauts to an orbit of 400km and bring them back after three days.

India's space agency Isro has been carrying out a number of tests to prepare for the flight.

In October, a key test demonstrated that the crew could safely escape the rocket in case it malfunctioned.

After its success, Isro said a test flight would take a robot into space in 2024, before astronauts are sent into space in 2025.

At a function at the Isro centre in the southern city of Thiruvananthapuram (formerly Trivandrum) on Tuesday, the four astronaut-designates were described as "dreamers, adventurers and valiant men preparing to go into space".

The officers, chosen from the Indian Air Force, were introduced as Group Captain Prashanth Balakrishnan Nair, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, Group Captain Angad Pratap and Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Isro chief S Somanath pinned badges with golden wings onto their shirts and Mr Modi described them as "India's pride".

"These are not just four names or four people. They are four powers who will carry the aspirations of 1.4 billion Indians to space. I congratulate and wish them all the best," he said.

Officials said the men were selected from a pool of Air Force pilots and had undergone extensive physical and psychological tests before being shortlisted.

They have undergone rigorous training for 13 months in Russia and are now carrying on with their gruelling schedule back home. A video screened at the event showed them working out in the gym, swimming and doing yoga.

On Tuesday, Isro also showed a glimpse of Vyommitra - Sanskrit word for "space friend" - the female humanoid that will be sent into space later this year.

The Gaganyaan Mission is India's first human space flight programme for which extensive preparations are underway at various Isro centres.

Named after the Sanskrit word for craft or vehicle to the sky, the Gaganyaan project has been developed at the cost of 90bn rupees ($1bn; £897m).

If it succeeds, India will become only the fourth country to send a human into space after the Soviet Union, the US and China.

Gaganyaan has generated a lot of interest in India, although it's coming decades after Soviet Union and the US started making trips to the low Earth orbit. Both have been in space since 1961. China became the third country to reach space in October 2003 when a Chinese mission spent 21 hours and orbited Earth 14 times. And the US and China have fully operational space stations in low Earth orbit.

An Indian astronaut also went to space as early as in 1984 when Rakesh Sharma spent nearly eight days on a Russian spacecraft.

How important are India's Moon mission findings?

What has India's rover been up to on the Moon?

Last year, India made major forays into space. The country made history by becoming the first to land near the Moon's south pole in August 2023.

Just weeks later, scientists launched Aditya-L1, India's first observation mission to the Sun which is now in orbit, keeping an eye on our solar system's most important and volatile star.

India has also announced ambitious new plans for space, saying it would aim to set up a space station by 2035 and send an astronaut to the Moon by 2040.

[suganya09]

Mastering Science & Technology for UPSC: Important Topics and Sources

Preparing for the Science & Technology section in the UPSC exams can seem daunting, but with the right focus on essential topics and reliable sources, it becomes much more manageable. Science and Technology (S&T) questions in the UPSC exam test your understanding of current technological developments, their applications, and impacts on society. In this blog, we'll cover the key topics you need to master and the best sources to use in your preparation.

Why Science & Technology is Important for UPSC

The Science & Technology section is crucial as it frequently overlaps with current affairs and other general studies topics. This portion tests your ability to understand how advancements in S&T affect areas like agriculture, health, economy, and international relations. It also examines your grasp of both fundamental and contemporary issues, making it a high-scoring part of the exam when approached correctly.

Key Topics to Focus on for Science & Technology in UPSC

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

Topics such as CRISPR, gene editing, and applications of biotechnology in medicine and agriculture are vital. Be familiar with ethical debates surrounding genetic engineering, especially GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms).

Space Technology

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) missions, collaborations with NASA or ESA, satellite launches, and concepts like Gaganyaan and Chandrayaan are crucial. Stay updated on global advancements as well.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics

Understand AI applications in governance, healthcare, defense, and agriculture. The ethical implications and debates surrounding AI also make frequent appearances in the exam.

Nanotechnology

Learn about the applications of nanotechnology in medicine, energy, and environmental science. UPSC often asks questions on recent breakthroughs and the potential risks associated with nanotechnology.

Nuclear Technology

Topics include nuclear energy, nuclear weapons, nuclear treaties, and India’s stance on nuclear policy. Understanding the basics of nuclear physics will be helpful here.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

The latest trends in telecommunications, cyber security, and India’s digital initiatives such as Digital India and 5G technology are critical.

Environmental Science and Green Technology

Focus on renewable energy sources, climate change technology, sustainable practices, and green technology. Initiatives like the International Solar Alliance are frequently covered.

Health and Medical Technology

Study topics such as vaccines, immunization programs, and advancements in medical technology. COVID-19 has made healthcare a focal point, so developments in telemedicine and medical devices are essential.

Recommended Sources for Science & Technology Preparation

NCERT Books (Class 6-12) – A solid foundation is necessary, and NCERT books cover basic scientific concepts which help in understanding advanced topics.

The Hindu and Indian Express – For current affairs related to Science & Technology, these newspapers are invaluable. Focus on the Science & Technology sections, which regularly feature updates on new technologies, research, and innovations.

Yojana and Kurukshetra Magazines – Government publications provide insights into India’s initiatives and policies related to Science & Technology.

PIB (Press Information Bureau) – The PIB website publishes reliable updates on governmental projects, including advancements in S&T that are relevant to the UPSC.

ISRO and DRDO Websites – These sources cover updates from India’s space and defense sectors, often featured in the UPSC exams.

Internet Sources and MOOCs – Platforms like Coursera and edX offer short courses on specific S&T topics, such as AI and biotechnology, which can be beneficial for UPSC preparation.

Standard Reference Books – Books like Science and Technology by Ashok Singh or Science and Technology in India by TMH Publications are recommended for in-depth knowledge.

Final Tips to Master Science & Technology for UPSC

Stay Updated with Current Affairs: Since S&T is a dynamic field, recent developments can be questioned in both Prelims and Mains. Regularly reviewing current affairs will keep you well-prepared.

Revise Consistently: Science & Technology topics are dense, so frequent revision is essential to remember facts and figures.

Practice Answer-Writing: Especially for Mains, practice answering questions on topics like AI applications or the benefits and risks of biotechnology to get comfortable with structuring your thoughts effectively.

Mastering Science & Technology for the UPSC exam requires a well-rounded approach that includes covering foundational knowledge and staying updated with recent advancements. Following these strategies and using reliable sources will put you on the right track toward success in this section.

For aspirants looking for specialized guidance, consider a TNPSC coaching centre in Coimbatore that can offer expert assistance tailored to science and technology topics, alongside comprehensive UPSC preparation.

Ready to take your preparation to the next level? A TNPSC coaching centre in Coimbatore can provide the support you need to excel in Science & Technology and other IAS subjects. Explore your options today and set yourself up for success!

[cavenewstimes]

India delays its 1st-ever Gaganyaan astronaut launch to 2026

ISRO’s Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3) rocket will ferry a humanoid robot to space on a test flight later this year and carry astronauts in 2026. (Image credit: ISRO) India plans to launch astronauts for the first time no sooner than 2026, roughly a year past the previously known timeline, following a series of uncrewed flight tests slated to begin in December. Speaking at an invited talk in New…

[dailyreportonline]

Gaganyaan Scheduled for 2026, Chandrayaan-4 to Launch by 2028: ISRO | Daily Reports Online

Delivering a major update on India’s space objectives, ISRO Chairman S Somanath announced new timelines for upcoming missions, including the ambitious Gaganyaan and Chandrayaan-4 projects. Speaking at the Sardar Patel Memorial Lecture held at Akashvani, Somanath, he provided details on the Gaganyaan mission. As per Somanath, India’s first manned space endeavour is now expected in 2026. He…

[kgsupsccourses]

Daily Current Affairs for SSC (Staff Selection Commission) Aspirants

Staying updated with daily current affairs is crucial for SSC aspirants, as it helps in the General Awareness section of various SSC exams like SSC CGL, CHSL, and others. Let’s dive into the key current events that can help boost your preparation for upcoming exams.

1. India’s Economic Growth Projections

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) recently revised India's GDP growth forecast for the year 2024. According to the IMF’s World Economic Outlook, India is expected to grow at 6.3% in 2024, reaffirming its position as the world’s fastest-growing major economy. This revision is based on India’s strong domestic demand and robust investment activities. SSC aspirants should note the significance of this update as questions on global economic forecasts and India's standing in global economies are common in the General Awareness section.

2. Gaganyaan Mission Update

India’s space agency, ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation), has completed crucial tests for its ambitious Gaganyaan mission. The crew escape system successfully underwent a key test, marking a significant step towards launching India’s first manned space mission. With this achievement, India is on track to join an elite group of countries capable of human spaceflight. Aspirants should stay informed about major ISRO projects, as they are frequent topics in SSC exams, especially with India's growing prominence in space research.

3. India-Pakistan Trade Relations

After a five-year hiatus, informal discussions regarding trade between India and Pakistan have resumed. While both nations continue to face political and diplomatic challenges, experts are hopeful about the potential normalization of trade ties. This development is crucial, considering the strategic and economic implications for both countries. Questions on international relations and trade are common in SSC exams, so this is an important topic to track.

4. Women’s Reservation Bill Passed

In a landmark decision, the Indian Parliament has passed the Women’s Reservation Bill, ensuring 33% reservation for women in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies. This move has been widely lauded as a step towards greater gender representation in Indian politics. Such legislative developments often appear in SSC exams, especially those relating to social reforms and governance.

5. Environmental News: India’s Green Hydrogen Mission

India has launched a comprehensive plan to become a global leader in the production of green hydrogen. This initiative aims to reduce carbon emissions, promote renewable energy, and achieve energy security. Understanding India’s green energy ambitions can be vital for SSC aspirants, as topics related to sustainable development and environmental policies are gaining importance.

[competitionpedia]

Why is ISRO building a second rocket launchport in Tamil Nadu’s Kulasekarapattinam?

The cornerstone for ISRO's second rocket launchpad was laid on February 28 in Kulasekarapattinam, situated in the Thoothukudi district of coastal Tamil Nadu. It will be dedicated solely to commercial, on-demand, and small satellite launches in the future. To know more about Rocket Launch Port in Tamil Nadu, visit: https://competitionpedia.in/…/news-current…/07-03-2024

[newspatron]

Gaganyaan Mission: India’s First Human Spaceflight Programme

If you are interested in space exploration and science, you don’t want to miss this article. We will tell you everything you need to know about the Gaganyaan Mission, India’s first human spaceflight programme, which aims to send an Indian crew

editor@newspatron.comIntroductionHow ISRO is Preparing for the Gaganyaan MissionHistory of the Gaganyaan MissionGaganyaan Mission TimelineRecent Development: Uncrewed Test Flight of Gaganyaan MissionGaganyaan SpacecraftGaganyaan Astronaut TrainingChallenges and Risks of the Gaganyaan MissionBenefits of the Gaganyaan MissionConclusion Introduction Have you ever dreamed of going to space? Imagine…

[ninjacex]

What Is the Scope In Aeronautical Engineering?

Introduction to Aeronautical Engineering

Aeronautical engineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on the design, development, testing, and maintenance of aircraft, including airplanes, helicopters, and other flying machines. It is a challenging and exciting field that combines knowledge of physics, mathematics, and materials science to create aircraft that can fly safely and efficiently. Aeronautical engineers work on a wide range of technologies, including propulsion systems, aerodynamics, avionics, and materials. Their work is essential for ensuring that aircraft operate smoothly, whether for commercial, defense, or research purposes.

Aeronautical engineering is a highly specialized field, and the scope of this profession is broad, both in India and globally. With rapid advancements in aviation technology and the increasing demand for air travel and space exploration, aeronautical engineers have a bright future ahead.

Scope of Aeronautical Engineering Globally

Globally, the aerospace industry is one of the most innovative and dynamic sectors, continuously evolving with advancements in technology. The scope of aeronautical engineering is vast in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, and China, which are home to many aerospace giants like Boeing, Airbus, Lockheed Martin, and NASA. These companies and agencies offer exciting career opportunities for aeronautical engineers in research, development, manufacturing, and testing of aircraft and spacecraft.

Scope of Aeronautical Engineering in India

In India, the scope of aeronautical engineering has been steadily growing, particularly with the country's focus on developing its aerospace and defense sectors. Several factors contribute to the increasing demand for aeronautical engineers in India:

1. Growing Aviation Sector:

India's aviation industry is one of the fastest-growing in the world. The rising demand for air travel, coupled with the government's initiatives like the UDAN scheme (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik), which aims to make air travel affordable for the common citizen, has led to a surge in the number of aircraft in operation. This growth has created a significant demand for skilled aeronautical engineers to design, maintain, and ensure the safety of these aircraft.

2. Expansion of Aerospace and Defense:

India's aerospace and defense sectors are expanding rapidly. The Indian government has been focusing on indigenous manufacturing of aircraft, helicopters, and defense equipment under the "Make in India" initiative. This has led to increased opportunities for aeronautical engineers in organizations like Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL). These organizations require aeronautical engineers to work on projects involving the development of fighter jets, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and other defense-related technologies.

3. Space Exploration and ISRO:

India’s space exploration program, led by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), has made remarkable achievements over the years. Aeronautical engineers play a crucial role in ISRO’s projects, including satellite launches, space missions, and the development of spacecraft. With ambitious missions like Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan, and the Gaganyaan human spaceflight mission, ISRO offers exciting career opportunities for aeronautical engineers who wish to contribute to space exploration.

4. Private Aerospace Companies:

In addition to government organizations, the private aerospace sector in India is also growing. Companies like Tata Aerospace and Defence, Mahindra Aerospace, and Larsen & Toubro are involved in manufacturing aerospace components and systems. These companies are providing new opportunities for aeronautical engineers in areas such as research and development, production, and testing of aircraft components.

5. Job Opportunities Abroad:

Aeronautical engineers from India also have excellent opportunities to work abroad. Many Indian engineers are employed by global aerospace companies like Boeing, Airbus, and Lockheed Martin. Indian aeronautical engineers are in demand because of their strong technical skills, problem-solving abilities, and English proficiency.

Job Roles in Aeronautical Engineering

Aeronautical engineers can take up a variety of job roles depending on their specialization and interests. Some of the key job roles in this field include:

1. Design Engineer:

Design engineers are responsible for creating the blueprints of aircraft and their components. They use computer-aided design (CAD) software to develop new aircraft designs, ensuring that they are efficient, safe, and cost-effective.

2. Flight Test Engineer:

Flight test engineers are involved in testing aircraft to ensure they meet safety standards and perform well under different conditions. They analyze flight data, evaluate the performance of various aircraft systems, and make recommendations for improvements.

3. Aerodynamics Engineer:

Aerodynamics engineers focus on how air flows around an aircraft. They work on improving the aerodynamic efficiency of aircraft to reduce drag and improve fuel efficiency. This role is crucial for designing high-performance aircraft.

4. Propulsion Engineer:

Propulsion engineers work on aircraft engines and propulsion systems. They design, test, and improve engines to ensure that they provide enough thrust for the aircraft to fly efficiently. They may work with jet engines, turboprops, or even rocket engines for space exploration.

5. Maintenance Engineer: Maintenance engineers are responsible for inspecting, maintaining, and repairing aircraft to ensure they are safe to fly. They work closely with airlines and aviation companies to keep aircraft in good working condition.

6. Avionics Engineer:

Avionics engineers work on the electronic systems in aircraft, such as communication systems, navigation systems, and autopilot functions. They design, test, and maintain these systems to ensure they function reliably.

Salary and Career Growth

In India, the starting salary for aeronautical engineers ranges from ₹4 to ���8 lakh per annum, depending on the organization and the engineer’s qualifications. With experience, salaries can increase significantly, with senior engineers and managers earning upwards of ₹15 to ₹20 lakh per annum. Engineers working for global aerospace companies or in high-demand sectors like defense and space exploration can earn even higher salaries.

Career growth in aeronautical engineering is promising. With experience, engineers can move into leadership positions such as project manager, team lead, or department head. Further studies, such as a master’s degree or PhD, can open up research and academic career opportunities.

[tech15]

Space Race 2.0: India and Russia's Cosmic Collaboration

Though the space collaboration of India and Russia has travelled a long way from the days when "space travel" meant hitching a ride on a soviet spacecraft or launching a satellite with a little help from the Red Star, a bond grown through decades of shared history and technological exchange has now embarked upon more ambitious territory-quite literally. As they set their sights on the Moon's possible nuclearization, their cooperation is shaping up to be the cosmic equivalent of "one small step for man, one giant leap for nuclear science."

The space saga between India and Russia first began in the 1960s when the then-Soviet Union amicably helped India in launching her first satellite, Aryabhata, in 1975. Well, it was like a sort of beginner kit for a future space traveller, and boy, did it pay off. In 1984, Rakesh Sharma took a giant leap into space, making India the proud owner of one astronaut and the Soviet Union a willing partner in his spaceflight. His ride on Soyuz T-11 was a milestone, not only to illustrate India's ambitions about outer space but also to show the depth of Soviet help.

Fast forward to the present day, and the India-Russia space partnership has evolved from "Hey, can you launch our satellite?" to "Let's build a Moon base with nuclear power." It's an evolution that would make even the most seasoned space enthusiast do a double-take.

This duo of India and Russia has further continued to push the envelope with such ambitious projects as Chandrayaan and Gaganyaan. While Chandrayaan missions aimed to explore the surface of the Moon-though Russia didn't have a direct hand in Chandrayaan-2, its earlier support was instrumental in laying the ground. Think of it as the equivalent of sending your kid off to college with a hefty allowance; the foundational support pays off long-term.

Where Russia has scaled up its partnership is with India's first ever human spaceflight mission-the Gaganyaan. ROSCOSMOS is not only training Indian astronauts but also contributing to the critical life support systems of the crew capsule. In a way, Russia is that ultimate spaceflight tutor who gives you homework and at the same time stands by you to make sure you don't flunk.

India and Russia have launched several satellites on their unmatched journey to win space. The mission of the YouthSat in 2011 was a prime example of cooperation between the Indian scientific elite and its Soviet counterpart through Indian technical capabilities with Russian rocket power. The transfer of cryogenic engine technology from Russia made India almost instantly one of the leading countries able to launch other people's satellites into space. That's like upgrading from a tricycle to a rocket-powered bicycle; the leap that India took with Russia's help, briefly put.

Now, here's where things get really out of this world. India and Russia are considering teaming up on a project to nuclearize the Moon. They will build nuclear-powered bases on the Moon, something straight out of the storyline of a science fiction movie. It's as if they want to convert the Moon into a space-age powerhouse or, better still, a huge cosmic battery.

Lightly setting the Moon ablaze with nuclear power: an audacious venture that happens to be a tad fanciful. If it happens, it could make the Moon the next big thing in energy production. Why not? Maybe it is lunar nuclear power that will be the new after all, why stick to solar when you can go nuclear?

The India-Russia space partnership has great strategic implications. In light of continued effort in both the United States and China to explore and study outer space, the partnership between India and Russia provides an interesting counterpoint in balancing between the two nations. Pooling resources and expertise, the two partners forge a united front-the result of which is decidedly stronger positions for each in the world.

Moreover, joint work within international frameworks like the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space brings out their commitment toward sustainable and peaceful space exploration. The very focus is to make the cosmic venture sustainable so as not only to reach newer heights but also responsibly.

All in all, this is a dynamic, ever-evolving saga called the India-Russia space partnership-from the early, humble launches of satellites to grand plans of nuclear lunar bases. It's a testament to what international cooperation can achieve, with a few cosmic jokes along the way.

While continuing to push the limits of space exploration, these joint ventures doubtless will shape the future of global space dynamics. Sending humans to the moon and making it a nuclear power station, this India-Russia space partnership stands as a living example of what can be achieved if nations unite to reach for the quite literally.

[cbsdigital]

A Comprehensive Look at ISRO: From Inception to Achievements

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has carved a remarkable journey in the field of space exploration and technology since its inception. Established in 1969, ISRO was born out of the vision of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, who believed in harnessing space technology for national development. Read More HERE

Early Beginnings

ISRO’s early days were marked by significant challenges, with limited resources and technology. However, the successful launch of Aryabhata, India’s first satellite, in 1975 marked the beginning of India’s space odyssey. This was followed by the development of a series of satellite programs aimed at telecommunications, remote sensing, and scientific research.

Milestones and Achievements

The 1980s and 1990s saw ISRO achieve several milestones. The launch of the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) and the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites transformed communication and environmental monitoring in India. The launch of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) in 1993 marked a significant advancement, positioning ISRO as a key player in the global space arena.

One of ISRO’s most notable achievements came in 2013 with the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan). This mission made India the first country to successfully reach Mars on its maiden attempt, showcasing ISRO’s growing prowess in space exploration.

Recent Developments

In recent years, ISRO has continued to push boundaries with missions like Chandrayaan-2, which aimed to explore the lunar surface, and the Gaganyaan mission, India’s ambitious human spaceflight program. The organization’s commitment to innovation is also evident in its collaboration with international space agencies and its efforts to advance space technology.

Looking Ahead

As ISRO looks to the future, its focus remains on enhancing space technology and contributing to global space research. With plans for interplanetary missions and advancements in satellite technology, ISRO is set to continue its journey of exploration and innovation.

In summary, ISRO’s journey from its humble beginnings to its current status as a global space leader is a testament to its vision, resilience, and commitment to advancing space science for the betterment of humanity.

[martin-james2121]

ISRO Set To Launch SSLV on Its Third Development Flight for Independence Day

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) plans to launch the Earth Observation Satellite-08 (EOS-08) using the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)-D3 on Independence Day, August 15, at 9:17 a.m.

Contents

Infrared ImagingOrbital Specs

The launch will occur from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. EOS-08 is intended to improve environmental monitoring, and disaster management, and assist with the Gaganyaan mission.

ISRO states, “It will complete the SSLV development project and support operational missions by Indian industry and NSIL.”

The satellite consists of three main payloads: the Electro-Optical Infrared Payload (EOIR), the Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry payload (GNSS-R), and the SiC UV Dosimeter.

Infrared Imaging

The EOIR payload is designed to capture images in both the Mid-Wave Infrared (MIR) and Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR) bands, offering essential data for satellite-based surveillance, disaster monitoring, environmental observation, fire detection, tracking volcanic activity, and assessing industrial disasters.

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