#Diastolic Pressure

[aaaaaa-1111111]

Diastolic Pressure

Diastolic blood pressure is the lower number in a BP reading & is the measurement of your heart, in a relaxed state. Let's have a look in detail.

[wellhealthhub]

What Are The Normal Blood Pressure Levels? A Comprehensive Guide

Learn about the numbers that define normal blood pressure and why they are crucial for your heart health and overall wellness. Table of Content Introduction: The Pulse of Life The Science Behind Blood Pressure Systolic vs Diastolic: The Highs and Lows Blood Pressure Ranges: What the Numbers Mean Age and Gender: How They Affect Your Readings The Dangers of High Blood Pressure The Risks of…

[torchickentacos]

[imekitty]

Hey all, I took much a longer break from writing than I meant to. I stopped writing the middle of December due to moving to a new state plus the holidays with family but my plan was to start writing again the first week of January. However, I got really sick New Year's Eve, like so sick I actually thought I was maybe dying lol. My anxiety was absolutely through the roof, but having pretty extreme anxiety helps me write pretty good angst, so you all benefit from my suffering! :D

Anyway, I wasn't able to write this past month because I'm only just now starting to feel somewhat normal again. I still have some lingering issues and I'm not completely convinced I'm not somehow dying, but I am setting a goal to write at least 15k words during February in addition to uploading the last chapter of Ghost on the Couch some time this week. Don't write me off yet! Still alive for now...

[stirdrawsandreblaws]

genuinely like. concerned abt my blood pressure lately and all the weird random pains and fatigue

the stress of upcoming move is Not Helping...

[bending-sickle]

when my blood pressure is back to barely scraping into the Normal range

[ID: close-up photo of an earthworm, noodly body raised triumphantly above a clump of earth]

[martyrbat]

i been knitting watching this and have dropped SO many stitches oh no

[harmeet-saggi]

What Is Low Blood Pressure ?

What is blood pressure? Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. The higher your blood pressure is, the harder your heart has to work to pump your blood around your body. And the lower your blood pressure is, the easier it is for your heart to do its job

[dostoyevsky-official]

i'm trying to be less negative on here. i'm trying to be positive, and not negative [hands start shaking, diastolic pressure increases by 8 millimeters] and gracious too

[sakpaladiti199]

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Diastolic blood pressure is the lower number in a BP reading & is the measurement of your heart, in a relaxed state. Let's have a look in detail.

[wellhealthhub]

11 Essential Facts About The Normal Blood Pressure You Can't Afford to Ignore

Discover the important facts about normal blood pressure and why it matters for your health. Don’t ignore these essential insights! Introduction to Normal Blood Pressure Welcome to the world of blood pressure, a vital indicator of your overall health. Understanding what constitutes “the normal blood pressure” is crucial for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll…

[healthabitshaven]

The one organ responsible for ALL cases of high blood pressure and the simple exercises that lower it – Right Now, Right Where You’re Sitting

GET HERE

[chinesegreenteagoldentriangle]

Which kind of tea, green tea or black tea, is better for lowering blood pressure?

Lowering blood pressure can be quite challenging, and many people with hypertension can relate to this. Every millimeter of mercury (mmHg) reduction in blood pressure is a long-term gift obtained through strict medication adherence, a healthy diet, and moderate exercise.

However, scientists have discovered a group of people who can easily lower their blood pressure with a simple and small habit. After just 12 weeks, they achieved significant blood pressure reduction.

They found that long-term tea consumption reduced the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 1.8 mmHg and 1.4 mmHg, respectively.

So, which type of tea is best for lowering blood pressure?

Part 1: Although there are many types of tea in the market, such as green tea, black tea, oolong tea, white tea, yellow tea, and chrysanthemum tea, most studies on the relationship between tea consumption and blood pressure focus on green tea and black tea.

Researchers from the Fuwai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences published a meta-analysis in the British Journal of Nutrition, which included 25 relevant studies and 1,476 participants. They found that people who drank green tea had a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure by 2.1 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 1.7 mmHg. In contrast, those who drank black tea had a reduction of 1.4 mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 1.1 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. Therefore, long-term consumption of green tea seems to be more effective in controlling blood pressure.

Another meta-analysis by foreign scholars also found that green tea had a more significant blood pressure-lowering effect than black tea.

Frequent consumption is key

Although many studies suggest that tea consumption can help lower blood pressure, this does not mean that people with hypertension who do not have a tea-drinking habit can immediately lower their blood pressure by drinking a cup of tea. After all, tea is not medicine.

Researchers from the Fuwai Hospital found that acute tea intake had no effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Blood pressure reduction only became significant after drinking tea for more than 12 weeks, with systolic blood pressure decreasing by 2.6 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure decreasing by 2.2 mmHg.

In addition to "long-term," some scholars suggest that the frequency of tea consumption is also related to blood pressure reduction. Hodgson et al. evaluated the effect of long-term regular tea consumption on blood pressure in older women. A total of 218 women over 70 years old were included in the study. The results showed that tea intake was related to a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. An increase of 250 ml/day (one cup) of tea intake was associated with a 2.2 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure and a 0.9 mmHg reduction in diastolic blood pressure.

This suggests that frequent tea consumption may have a beneficial effect on blood pressure in older women.

Furthermore, a study on blood pressure and tea consumption in the elderly population in Jiangsu, China, involving 4,579 participants, found a significant negative correlation between tea consumption frequency and systolic and diastolic blood pressure after adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle, and other factors.

In conclusion, although many studies have shown that tea consumption can help lower blood pressure, it is important not to make the tea too strong.

[dinopepitah]

I may be hypertense

[jcrmhscasereports]

 Andrea Villarreal-Juris1; María Tobar-Vallejo2; Iván Jarro-Villavicencio1; Martín Angulo-Mejía1; Ricardo Chacha-Suscal1; Anna Delgado-Salas3 Juan Jaramillo-Merino2 Evelyn Brito-Henriquez4 by Andrea Villarreal-Juris in Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences

ABSTRACT

Introduction Hypertension is the most common condition observed in primary care and one of the leading causes of death if it is not early detected and properly treated. Little importance has been given to this pathology in the military population, assuming that due to their strenuous physical activity they are exempt from suffering it.

Objective To determine the prevalence of arterial hypertension in pilots of the Ecuadorian Air Force according to the Military Rank.

Methodology In July 2018, an observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted. Seventy pilots residing at the "Eloy Alfaro" Air Base in the city of Manta were included, with a Military Rank of Second Lieutenant, Lieutenant, Captain, Major and Lieutenant Colonel, age between 25 and 45 years, men and women. The mean of three pressures was used for the blood pressure report. Hypertension was considered with any reading of systolic pressure ≥130 and diastolic pressure ≥80 mmHg.

Results Of the 70 participants, 4.3% were women and 95.7% men. The mean age was 25.5 years (SD: ± 0.58) and 30.7 years (SD: ± 5.39), respectively. The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 22.9%; and it was evidenced only in male pilots. Eighteen-point seven percent of hypertensive patients were Senior Officers, while 81.3% were Junior Officers.

Conclusions There is a low prevalence of arterial hypertension in the pilots of this study, however, its control is essential to avoid events that could risk their lives, especially during flight periods.

Keywords : Military Personnel, Air Force Personnel, Hypertension, Blood Pressure, High

INTRODUCTION

Arterial hypertension is a pathology that responds to multiple economic, social, cultural, environmental, and ethnic factors, reaching a high prevalence worldwide: 691 million people [1]. It is also known that of the 15 million people deceased from circulatory diseases, 7.2 million died from coronary heart disease and 4.6 million from encephalic vascular disease; and high blood pressure was present in most of them [2]. The estimated arterial hypertension prevalence in Ecuador is around 2 million people; this, without considering those individuals who have not been treated or diagnosed; assuming that there will be many untreated and uncontrolled, thus increasing these numbers [3,4].

The progressive and continuous increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from optimal levels (115/75 mmHg) is related to the incidence of cerebrovascular disease [5,6]. This relationship is observed in all age groups, even in people ≥80 years, although the relative risks are greater at younger ages. The mortality risk due to cerebrovascular disease caused by the increase in blood pressure doubles for each increase of 20 mmHg in SBP or 10 mmHg in DBP [7,8].

Blood pressure can be classified into four levels according to the average clinical blood pressure: normal (SBP <120 and DBP <80 mmHg), elevated (SBP 120-129 and DBP <80 mmHg), grade 1 hypertension (SBP 130 -139 or DBP 80-89 mmHg) and grade 2 hypertension (SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥90 mmHg) [6,7].

This research sought to determine the prevalence of arterial hypertension in a population of pilots residing at an air base of the Ecuadorian Armed Forces.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was carried out in July 2018. Seventy pilots residing at the "Eloy Alfaro" Air Base in the city of Manta, with Military Rank of: Second Lieutenant, Lieutenant, Captain, Major and Lieutenant Colonel; with an age between 25 to 45 years, of both sexes, were included.

During the study, blood pressure was taken from the participants in the facilities of the ALA 23 Basic Hospital, a health unit of the "Eloy Alfaro" Air Base. The objectives, methodology and confidentiality of the data were explained to each one of the participants; likewise, written consent was requested to validate their participation.

An OMRON M6 automatic digital blood pressure monitor (HEM-7001-E) was used to obtain data, with a LARGE CUFF OMRON CL2 cuff for adults and obese subjects (arm circumference 32 to 42 cm). Three consecutive blood pressure measurements were made with the subject at rest during the previous 5 minutes, using the mean of the three measurements to reduce intra-individual variability. Hypertension was defined as any reading of SBP ≥130 and DBP ≥80 mmHg.

The information was collected manually, integrated later using Microsoft Excel 2016 and then processed with the statistical tool JASP 0.11.1 developed and supported by the University of Amsterdam.

Data was also ordered according to age groups as follows: 25 to 29 years old, 30 to 34 years old, 35 to 39 years old and 40 to 45 years old.

It is necessary to mention that in the Air Force, Senior Officers are understood as those with the Military Rank of Major, Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel; while Junior Officers are those who have a Military Rank of Second Lieutenant, Lieutenant and Captain. The analysis was conducted according to these grouped degrees.

RESULTS

In this study, 70 pilots aged between 25 and 45 years participated, 4.3% were women and 95.7% were men. The mean age in the former was 25.5 years (SD: ±0.58), while in men, was 30.7 years (SD: ±5.39).

Table 1: Demographic characteristics

Made by the authors                                     Extracted from: database

The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 22.9%, and it was evidenced only in male pilots.

Thirty-nine pilots were included in the 25 to 29 years age group, where hypertension reached 20.5%, of which 75% had the Military Rank of Second Lieutenant and 25% that of Lieutenant, meaning, they were all Junior Officers; twenty pilots were included in the 30 to 34 years age group, where hypertension reached 15%, all having the Military Rank of Captain, corresponding to Junior Officer; in the four pilots aged between 35 and 39 years, hypertension reached 50%, where, as in the previous group, all had the Military Rank of Captain, corresponding to Junior Officer. Finally, 7 pilots were included in the 40 to 45 years age group, where hypertension reached 42.9%, with 66.7% having the Military Rank of Major and 33.4% of Lieutenant Colonel, both corresponding to Senior Officer.

Table 2: Arterial hypertension according to the agegroup

Made by the authors    Extracted from: database

Eighteen-point seven percent (18.7%) of hypertensive pilots were Senior Officers, while 81.3% were Junior Officers.

Table 3: Hypertension according to the Military Rank categorization

Made by the authors                    Extracted from: database

Table 4: Hypertension according to age group and Military Rank categorization

Made by the authors                                Extracted from: database

DISCUSSION

There is no previously published information about arterial hypertension in the military population of Ecuador. In this study, a minimum prevalence of this pathology was determined, similar to the nationally reported level: 28.7% [9] and to that reported by other studies such as the one by Wenzel et al., carried out in military personnel from Brazil where it reached 22% [10]; contrasting with studies such as the one by Rinanty et al. in Indonesia, where it reached 10.7% [11]. Hypertension was more frequent in Junior Officers than in Senior Officers, probably due to the number of participants in the first study group, which exceeds the second group. In female pilots, arterial hypertension was not evidenced, however, this can be attributed to the predominance of males in this study due to the low recruitment of female pilots in the Ecuadorian Air Force.

It is worth clarifying that the prevalence of arterial hypertension demonstrated in this study is not representative of the total number of pilots belonging to the Ecuadorian Air Force due to its large population, so that future multicentric investigations and with larger samples will be necessary to extrapolate results in the National territory.

The Federal Aviation Administration (AFA) allows a pilot to be more hypertensive than officers from other military branches, with the maximum value of blood pressure admitted being 155/95 mmHg, while it should not exceed 140/90 mmHg for other military (land or naval force) [12].

Hunter et al. offers a management algorithm where antihypertensives are administered from values ​​greater than 135/85 mmHg [13]; however, and, considering the international recommendations for the management of hypertension [6], these standards should be evaluated individually due to the increased cardiovascular risk that chronic hypertension without treatment represents.

There is a positive effect of high levels of physical activity on hypertension, but other stress situations, such as promotion tests, condition the elevation of blood pressure in pilots and other military [13]. The study of this relationship and that with other morbidities such as obesity or being a smoker should be carried out later to implement preventive models in Ecuadorian pilots.

During flight periods, pilots can suffer a medical disability in the cabin, and although it is rare, among its main causes are myocardial infarction and cardiac arrhythmia [14], which arise due to arterial hypertension and increase the risk of death, especially in pilots older than 35 years [15]. Future research could be based on actual in-flight medical events, standardizing a useful denominator, such as flight time [16], to allow meaningful comparison between studies.

CONCLUSION

There is a low prevalence of arterial hypertension in the pilots who reside at the "Eloy Alfaro" Air Base in Manta, however, its control has utmost importance to avoid future events that could risk the pilot’s life during the performance of their daily activities, especially during flight periods.

Daily blood pressure control before and after flying an aircraft may be necessary, especially in those who already have an established diagnosis, regardless of Military Rank.

A more thorough investigation is required to determine blood pressure before, after and/or during flight periods, both practice and aerobatics, among others; to determine if the pilots certainly maintain blood pressure within normal parameters.

ETHICS

This work was constructed based on the Helsinki Declaration.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

FINANCE

All the work was financed by the authors.

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