#Croatian National Revival

[suetravelblog]

Mirogoj Cemetery Zagreb Croatia

Mirogoj Cemetery Zagreb Croatia

[that-angry-noldo]

i am feeling So Normal about croatian national revival actually

[wandererinwonder]

CROATIAN NATIONAL THEATRE, ZAGREB🇭🇷. In Trg Republike. Built in Baroque Revival style it was inaugurated on 10/14/1895 by Emperor Franz Josef.

[crypticfandomtrash]

More L Headcanons

L speaks a ton of languages. He IS a genius, after all. While Light only speaks Japanese and English... L knows 45 languages. Yes. You read that right.

L can fluently speak English, French, Russian, Spanish, Italian, German, Dutch, Portuguese, Croatian, Polish, Modern Greek, Romanian, Latin, Armenian, Turkish, Hebrew, Japanese, and Mandarin Chinese.

He can passably speak or is learning: Arabic, Persian, Kurdish, Swahili, Yoruba, Hindi, Thai, Vietnamese, Korean, Filipino, Basque, Ukrainian, Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Modern Scots, Irish, Romani, Yiddish, Venetian, Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Czech, Sanskrit, Old English, Ancient Greek, and Revived Old Prussian.

Some of the ancient or otherwise rare languages are simply for historical knowledge (Latin, Ancient Greek, Old English, Sanskrit) or interest (Revived Old Prussian).

L can also change his accent to sound like a native speaker for most of the languages he speaks fluently or passably. This is why he is able to speak Japanese so well. It also allows him to hide his true nationality for safety reasons.

His natural accent is the Received Pronunciation British accent.

L tries not to swear. While blunt, he is polite. If he is swearing it means he is very frustrated or upset.

If he texts or sends an email, he types out everything. He does not use abbreviations or slang, although he does understand them.

If he owned a pet, it would be a cat. Dogs would be too much effort.

L can sleep normal hours. When he’s working a case he tends to stay up late, and if he’s really invested or stressed, he’ll stay up all night.

He likes big, comfy beds. A queen size is the smallest he will accept unless a small bed is all that’s available.

L can play the piano and a few other instruments (organ, flute, lyre, and duduk). He plays them when stressed or when he wants to.

[ayearinlanguage]

A Year In Language, Day 365: A Year In Language Here it is, the final post, only 42 days after the actual end of the year in what experts call a "Chanukkah Miracle". I have loved this project and am sorry to see it end. Reviewing my earlier posts have really shown me how far I've come and how much I've learned about writing these. I hope y'all have enjoyed them, and I thank, from the bottom of my heart, everyone who has encouraged me and engaged with me about them. You have made this truly worthwhile. I long wondered what I would do for this final post, and I think I have come to a fitting end. Here I will give a brief tour of our world of languages, and finally a salute to the languages themselves as a list of all of them and their names for themselves. Thanks again, here we go: The start of the written word begins in either Egypt or Sumeria, some 5,000 years ago. In Sumeria this begins with Sumerian, a language isolate with no sisters or daughters. It gifted its Cuneiform writing system to later empires, notably the Akkadians. Akkadians and Ancient Egyptians both belong to the great Afro-Asiatic family which covers the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. Its largest branch is Semitic, whose unique triliteral root systems include languages living, dead, and revived, like Hebrew, Amharic (Ethiopian) and the expansive Arabic family. Another branch, the Berber languages, are still spoken throughout Northern Africa and the oft forgotten Cushitic languages of Africa's Horn. South, across the Sahara, is home to the Niger-Congo family. A thin band running from west to east compromises most branches of this family, with the vast majority of Africa being dominated by the Bantu languages, notable for their expansive prefixed gender systems. Swahili, Bambara, Zulu, and more compromise this family. In southernmost Africa the Khoisan language area, not a genetic family but a geographic one, make use of the highly distinctive click consonants. If we roam back north, across the Mediterranean, we encounter Indo-European territory. As the name implies this family dominates Europe and extends across the Caucasus into Iran and India. Once Celtic languages, like Gaulish, dominated Western Europe, but the rise of the Roman Empire and their Italic language forced the Celts straight off the continent into Ireland and Britain. In their place, Latin has grown into a whole family of Romance languages. The Germanic languages, once isolated and monolithic in Northern Europe, have expanded to every border of the North Sea, including Britain where they again displaced native Celts, pushing some, like the Bretons, back into France. Slavs as well were once a monolith, but spread at the end of Roman dominion to cover the Eastern edge of Europe. If we cross the Caucasus, a strange hotspot of linguistic diversity, we find the largest family, Indo-Iranian. The sister languages of Avestan and Sanskrit largely founded the Iranian and Indo-Aryan branches respectively. The Indo-Aryan languages have distinctively developed alongside the unrelated Dravidian languages of South India. At the edges of Slavic and Iranian territory we find the enormous and underrepresented Turkic family, which extends from Anatolia, across central Asia, and across Siberia. These languages interact with Indo-European, Mongolic, and Sino-Tibetan languages, a true blend of Eurasian culture. East of the Turkic and Ino-Aryan languages the Sino-Tibetan family rises. Notable for isolating grammar, these languages range from the Tibetan steppe to the eastern edge of the continent, and include the many forms of Chinese. This cultural giant has in turn influenced nearby unrelated families, including the isolates Japanese and Korean, as well as the Southeastern Austroasiatic (Vietnames) and Kra-Dai (Thai, Lao). Moving on to the east and south we encounter Bantu's rival for largest family: Austronesian. These languages originate in Taiwan, and spread across the maritime countries of the Pacific, and even Madagascar. This does not include the enigmatic Pacific giant: Australia. Almost all the languages there belong to one family: Pama-Nyungan, which is quite unlike any other in the world. Here we need to backtrack a bit, into Siberia. As the Turkic languages give out, the Tungusic, Ainu, and other native Siberian languages arise, and eventually themselves give way as Russia reaches across to the New World. Here, we first see the Eskimo-Aleut languages, which cover the norther edge of America much as the Uralic languages cover the north of Eurasia (See, I didn't forget them). As we move southward down the America's the languages are stacked, north to south primarily, a pattern that some linguists attribute to waves of human migrations into the continent from the north. Dominating Western Canada is the Na-Dene family, whose primary branch is Athabaskan. To the East is Algic territory, primarily Algonquian. Iroquoian nestles around the great lakes, and Salishan is the preeminent family of the Pacific Northwest. From the Mid-West and down through Mexico is the Uto-Aztecan family, giving way to Mayan and Oto-Manguean families as it the land reaches to South America. Here, the Amazon is another diverse hotspot, full of many isolates. The Tupi language once dominated and united the region, and the Taino languages edged up from the east to cover the Caribbean. On the western edge of the continent Quechua still thrives, as it has since it was spread by the Inca, overshadowing the still thriving Mapudungan (Mapuche). There are of course, so many other languages, and aspects of these languages I have not touched, but I hope this has served as a brief overview of the linguistic layout of our world. Here, now, is the language salute. I have aspired to give the English name for each language, it's endonym (self given name) and family. The Endonym will be given in the most relevant script (except where unicode fails us) with a Latin transliteration. In cases where the English name and endonym line up, they are condensed. In cases where multiple regional variations apply, I attempted to choose the largest or most prominent name. Some script may have been altered by formating, such as the normally vertical Mongolic script or stacked Egyptian Hieroglyphs. Conlangs do not have branches, and have their creator and publish date. Extinct languages are labelled as such, and I have marked ancestral languages extinct even if their descendants persist (like Old English or Latin). Sumerian - 𒅴𒂠(EME.G̃IR) – Isolate (Extinct) Finnish – Suomi – Uralic (Finnic) Irish Gaelic – Gaeilge – Indo-European (Celtic, Goidelic) Mandarin - 官话/官話 (Guānhuà) – Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic) Cherokee - ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ (Tsalagi Gawonihisdi) - Iroquoian Tamil - தமிழ் (Tamil) - Dravidian Swahili – Kiswahili – Niger-Congo (Bantu) Czech – Čeština – Indo-European (Slavic, West Slavic) Turkish – Türkçe – Turkic (Oghuz) Elvish – Quenya – Conlang (J.R.R. Tolkien, 1954) Hawaiian - ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi – Austronesian (Polynesian) Basque – Euskara - Isolate Mongolian - ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ/монгол хэл (Mongol Khel) - Mongolic Amharic - አማርኛ (Amarəñña) – Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) AAVE – English – Indo-European (Germanic, West Germanic) Dutch – Nederlands – Indo-European (Germanic, West Germanic) Romansh – Rumantsch – Indo European (Romance) Guugu Yimithirr – Pama Nyungan Nheengatu - Tupian Sindhi - سنڌي‎/सिन्धी (Sindhi) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Aymara – Aymar Aru - Aymaran Kabardian – Къэбэрдейбзэ (Qabardejbza) – Northwest Caucasian Romanian - Limba Română – Indo-European (Romance) Luganda – Niger-Congo (Bantu) Pitjantjatjara – Pama-Nyungan Hindi –हिन्दी (Hindī) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Mozarabic – لتن (Latino) – Indo-European (Romance, Extinct) Hittite – 𒉈𒅆𒇷 (Nešili) – Indo-European (Anatolian, Extinct) Yoruba - Èdè Yorùbá – Niger-Congo (Volta-Niger) Nauruan - Dorerin Naoero – Austronesian (Micronesian) Pali - पालि (Pāli) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Liturgical) Proto-Germanic - *þiudiskaz – Indo-European (Germanic, Reconstructed) Sinhalese - සිංහල (Sinhala) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Kabyle – Taqbaylit – Afro-Asiatic (Berber) Māori - Te Reo Māori – Austronesian (Polynesian) Cree – ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ (Nēhiyawēwin) – Algic (Algonquian) Kashubian - Kaszëbsczi Jãzëk – Indo-European (Slavic, West Slavic) Madurese - Basa Mathura – Austronesian Persian – فارسی (Fārsi) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Iranian) Cajun French (Louisiana French) - Français Louisianais – Indo-European (Romance) Cajun French (Louisiana Creole) – Kréyol – Creole (French-Based) Moksha - Mокшень Kяль (Mokšen̓ Käl̓) – Uralic (Mordvinic) Serbo-Croatian – Cрпскохрватски (srpskohrvatski) – Indo-European (Slavic, South Slavic) Lithuanian - Lietuvių Kalba – Indo-European (Baltic) Wolof – Niger-Congo (Senegambian) Komi - Коми Кыв (Komi Kyv) – Uralic (Permic) Old English – Ænglisc – Germanic (West Germanic, Extinct) Cebuano – Bisaya – Austronesian (Philippine) British Sign Language – N/A - BANZSL Estonian – Eesti Keel – Uralic (Finnic) Sanskrit – संस्कृतम् (Saṃskṛtam) – Indo-European (Indo-Aryan, Liturgical) Marathi - मराठी (Marāṭhī) – Indo-Iranian (Indo-Aryan) Elamite – 𒁹𒄬𒆷𒁶𒋾 (Haltamti, name of the nation) – Isolate (Extinct) Korean –한국어(Hangugeo) - Koreanic Welsh – Cymraeg – Indo-European (Celtic, Brittonic) Bulgarian – Български (Bălgarski) – Indo-European (Slavic, South Slavic) Tlingit – Lingít – Na-Dene Hiligaynon – Ilongo – Austronesian (Philippine) Ewe - Èʋegbe – Niger-Congo (Volta-Congo, Gbe) Warlpiri – Pama-Nyungan Volapük – Conlang (Johann Martin Schleyer, 1879) Shelta – De Gammon – Indo-European (Cant, English-Based) Krio – Creole (English-Based) Santali - ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ(Santali) – Austroasiatic (Munda) Proto-Slavic - *Slověninъ - Indo-European (Balto-Slavic, Reconstructed) Hungarian – Magyar Nyelv – Uralic (Ugric) Tocharian – Unknown – Indo-European (Extinct) Cornish – Kernowek – Indo-European (Celtic, Brittonic, Revived) Papiamento – Creole (Portuguese-Based) Tuareg - ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵌⴰⵆ(Tamajaq) – Afro-Asiatic (Berber) Nez Perce - Niimi'ipuutímt – Plateau Penutian Urdu - اُردُو‬ (Urdū) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Danish – Dansk – Indo-European (Germanic, North Germanic) Greek – Eλληνικά (Elliniká) – Indo-European (Hellenic) Bengali – বাংলা (Bangla) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Palawa Kani – Reconstructed/Conlang Oromo - Afaan Oromoo – Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) Lezgi - Лезги Чӏал (Lezgi Č'al) – Northeast Caucasian Maltese – Malti – Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) Sami – Sámegiella – Uralic (Sami) Saanich – SENĆOŦEN - Salishan American Sign Language – N/A - Francosign Proto-Indo-European – Unknown – Indo-European (Reconstructed) Mixtec - Dzaha Dzavui (Classical) – Oto-Manguean Dothraki – Lekh Dothraki – Conlang (David J. Peterson, 2011) Gothic – 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 (Gutisk) - Indo-European (Germanic, East Germanic, Extinct) Odia - ଓଡ଼ିଆ (Oṛiā) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Ojibwe – Anishinaabemowin – Algic (Algonquian) Kam – Gaeml – Kra-Dai Latvian - Latviešu Valoda – Indo-European (Baltic) Chuvash - Чӑвашла (Căvašla) – Turkic (Oghur) Daur - Mongolic Samoan - Gagana Faʻa Sāmoa – Austronesian (Polynesian) Shona – chiShona – Niger-Congo (Bantu) Burushaski - بروشسکی‬ (Burū́šaskī) - Isolate Mazahua – Jñatjo – Oto-Manguean Bugis – ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ (Basa Ugi) - Austronesian English – Indo-European (Germanic, West Germanic) Italian – Italiano – Indo-European (Romance) Afrikaans – Indo-European (Germanic, West Germanic) Kabiye – Niger-Congo Hunnic – Unknown - Unknown Evenki - Эвэды̄ Турэ̄н (Ēvēdȳ Turēn) - Tungusic Marshallese - Kajin M̧ajeļ – Austronesian (Micronesian) Hebrew - עברית‬ (Ivrit) – Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, Revived) Polish – Polski – Indo-European (Slavic, West Slavic) Hiri Motu - Austronesian Klallam - Nəxʷsƛ̓ay̓əmúcən – Salishan (Extinct as first language) Sandawe – Sandaweeki - Isolate Scots – Indo-European (Germanic, West Germanic) Proto-Austronesian – Unknown – Austronesian (Reconstructed) Punjabi – ਪੰਜਾਬੀ/پنجابی‬ (Pãṉjābī) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Low German – Plattdütsch – Indo-European (Germanic, West Germanic) Guarani - Avañe'ẽ - Tupian Kashmiri – कॉशुर/كأشُر (Kọ̄šur) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Norwegian – Norsk – Indo-European (Germanic, North Germanic) Lingua Franca – Sabir – Pidgin (Romance-Based, Extinct) Pictish – Unknown – Indo-European (Celtic, Brittonic, Extinct) Tetum - Lian Tetun - Austronesian Plains Sign Language – N/A - Isolate Khanty - Xанты Ясаң (Hantĩ Jasaň) – Uralic (Ugric) Tigrinya - ትግርኛ (Tigriññā) – Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) Georgian - ქართული ენა (Kartuli Ena) - Kartvelian Seri - Cmiique Iitom - Isolate Armenian – Հայերեն (Hayeren) – Indo-European (Armenian) Azerbaijani - Azərbaycan Dili – Turkic (Oghuz) Hausa - Harshen Hausa – Afro-Asiatic (Chadic) Chechen - Hохчийн Mотт (Noxçiyn Mott) – Northeast Caucasian Enga – Trans-New Guinea Dzongkha - རྫོང་ཁ་ (Dzongkha) – Sino-Tibetan (Tibetic) Tongan - Lea Faka-Tonga – Austronesian (Polynesian) Nunggubuyu – Macro-Gunwinyguan Swedish – Svenska – Indo-European (Germanic, North Germanic) Manchu - ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ(Manju Gisun) - Tungusic Appalachian English – English – Indo-European (Germanic, West Germanic) Portuguese – Português – Indo-European (Romance) Tagalog – Austronesian (Philippine) Russian - Pусский Язык (Russkiy Yazyk) – Indo-European (Slavic, East Slavic) Sango - Yângâ Tî Sängö – Creole (Ngbandi-Based) Sardinian – Sardu – Indo-European (Romance) Icelandic – Íslenska – Indo-European (Germanic, North Germanic) Occitan – Lenga d’Òc – Indo-European (Romance) Dyirbal – Pama-Nyungan Greenlandic – Kalaallisut – Eskimo-Aleut (Inuit) Tariana - Arawakan Oneida - Onʌyotaʔa:ka - Iroquoian Luxembourgish – Lëtzebuergesch – Indo-European (Germanic, West Germanic) Lushootseed - Dxʷləšúcid – Salishan (Extinct as first language) Slovenian - Slovenski Jezik – Indo-European (Slavic, South Slavic) Malagasy - Austronesian West Frisian – Frysk – Indo-European (Germanic, West Germanic) Lingala – Lingála – Niger-Congo (Bantu) Kirundi – Ikirundi – Niger-Congo (Bantu, Rwanda-Rundi) Cantonese - 廣東話(Gwóngdūng Wá) – Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Yue) Maldivian - ދިވެހި, (Dhivehi) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Somali - Af-Soomaali – Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) Belarusian - Беларуская Mова (Biełaruskaja Mova) – Indo-European (Slavic, East Slavic) Manx – Gaelg – Indo-European (Celtic, Goidelic, Extinct as first language) Vai - ꕙ��� (Vai) – Niger-Congo (Mande) Chichewa – Niger-Congo (Bantu) Palauan - A Tekoi Er A Belau - Austronesian A-Hmao – Hmong-Mien Kiribati - Taetae Ni Kiribati – Austronesian (Micronesian) Ossetian - Ирон Ӕвзаг (Iron Ӕvzag) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Iranian) Sesotho – Niger-Congo (Bantu) Dogri – डोगरी/ڈوگرى (Ḍogrī) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Mon - ဘာသာ မန် (Bhāsā Men) - Austroasiatic Xhosa – isiXhosa – Niger-Congo (Bantu, Nguni) Syriac – ܣܘܪܝܬ (Sūreṯ) – Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) Wu - 吴语 (Wu Nyu) – Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Wu) Bactrian – Αριαο (Aryao) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Extinct) Ancient Egyptian – 𓂋𓏤𓈖𓆩𓅓𓏏𓊖 (r n km.t) – Afro-Asiatic (Egyptian) Bai - Baip‧Ngvp‧Zix – Sino-Tibetan Kinyarwanda – Niger-Congo (Bantu, Rwanda-Rundi) Esperanto – Conlang (L.L. Zamenhof, 1887) Quechua – Runa Simi - Quechuan Faroese - Føroyskt Mál – Indo-European (Germanic, North Germanic) Bislama – Creole (English-Based) Naxi – Sino-Tibetan Albanian – Shqip – Indo-European (Albanian) Swiss German – Schwiizerdütsch – Indo-European (Germanic, West Germanic) Nuosu - ꆈꌠꉙ (Nuosuhxop) – Sino-Tibetan (Lolo-Burmese) Kaingang – Kanhgág - Macro-Gê Chiquitano – Besïro - Isolate Lojban - La .lojban. – Conlang (Logical Language Group, 1997) Singlish – Creole (English-Based) Nuu-chah-nulth - Wakashan Tamazight - ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (Tamazight) – Afro-Asiatic (Berber) Chipewyan – Dënesųłiné – Na-Dene (Athabaskan) Romani - Romani Čhib – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Okinawan -沖縄口/ウチナーグチ (Uchinaaguchi) - Japonic Indonesian – Bahasa Indonesia - Austronesian Rohingya - رُاَࣺينڠَ/Ruáingga - Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Pashto – پښتو (Pax̌tō) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Iranian) Chagatai – جغتای (Jağatāy) – Turkic (Karluk, Extinct) Latin - Lingua Latīna – Indo-European (Italic, Extinct) Phrygian – Unknown – Indo-European Fula – Niger-Congo (Senegambian) !Kung – Kx’a Jeju –제주어(Jejueo) - Koreanic Etruscan – Unknown – Isolate (Extinct) Tatar - Tатар Tеле (Tatar Tele) – Turkic (Kipchak) Khazakh – Qazaq Tili – Turkic (Kipchak) Malay – Bahasa Melayu - Austronesian Mohawk - Kanien’kéha - Iroquoian Vietnamese - Tiếng Việt - Austroasiatic Aramaic – ܐܪܡܝܐ/ארמיא (Arāmāyā) – Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, Extinct) Old Prussian – Unknown – Indo-European (Baltic) Swazi – siSwati – Niger-Congo (Bantu, Nguni) Shilha - ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵢⵜ(Tashelhiyt) – Afro-Asiatic (Berber) Tajik - Tоҷикӣ (Tojikī) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Iranian) Taino – Arawakan (Extinct) Chinook Jargon – Chinuk Wawa (Pidgin, Wakashan-Based, Revived) Silbo Gomero – Indo-European (Romance) Bavarian – Boarisch – Indo-European (Germanic, West Germanic) Nahuatl – Uto-Aztecan Tok Pisin – Creole (English-Based) Catalan – Català – Indo-European (Romance) Nepali – नेपाली (Nēpālī) - Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) French - Le Français – Indo-European (Romance) Bambara – Bamanankan – Niger-Congo (Mande) Arabic - العَرَبِيَّة‎ (Al-ʻArabiyyah) – Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) Domari - Dōmʋārī/دٛومَرِي – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Caddo - Hasí:nay - Caddoan Ladino – איספאנייול (Español) – Indo-European (Romance) Fijian - Na Vosa Vakaviti – Austronesian (Oceanic) Mapudungun - Araucanian Bashkir - Башҡорт Tеле (Başqort Tele) – Turkic (Kipchak) Nobiin – Nòbíín - Nubian Igbo - Ásụ̀sụ̀ Ị̀gbò – Niger-Congo (Volta-Niger) German – Deutsch – Indo-European (Germanic, West Germanic) Kurdish – کوردی (Kurdî) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Iranian) Balinese - Bhāṣa Bali - Austronesian Coptic - ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ (ti.met.rem.ən.khēmi) – Afro-Asiatic (Egyptian, Liturgical) Amis – Pangcah – Austronesian (East Formosan) Tulu - ತುಳು ಭಾಷೆ (Tulu Bāse) - Dravidian Hokkien -闽南话 (Bân-lâm-ōe) – Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Min) Spanish – Español – Indo-European (Romance) Avar - Авар Mацӏ (Awar Macʼ) – Northeast Caucasian Ilocano - Pagsasao nga Ilokano – Austronesian (Philippine) Uyghur - ئۇيغۇر تىلى (Uyghur Tili) – Turkic (Karluk) Tarahumara - Ralámuli Ra'ícha – Uto-Aztecan Gujarati - ગુજરાતી (Gujarātī) – Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Chamorro - Finu' Chamoru - Austronesian Old Church Slavonic - ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ ⰧⰈⰟⰊⰍⰟ/Cловѣ́ньскъ Ѩꙁꙑ́къ (Slověnĭskŭ Językŭ) – Indo-European (Slavic, Liturgical) Mi'kmaq – Míkmawísimk – Algic (Algonquian) Hopi – Hopílavayi – Uto-Aztecan Toki Pona – Conlang (Sonja Lang, 2001) Telugu – తెలుగు (Telugu) - Dravidian Breton – Brezhoneg – Indo-European (Celtic, Brittonic) Zapotec – Diidxazá – Oto-Manguean Macedonian – Mакедонски (Makedonski) – Indo-European (Slavic, South Slavic) Gaulish – Unknown – Indo-European (Extinct) Beja – Bidhaawyeet – Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) Nyanga – Kinyanga – Niger-Congo (Bantu) Laotian - ພາສາລາວ (Phasa Lao) – Kra-Dai Phoenician - 𐤌𐤉𐤍𐤏𐤍𐤊 𐤌𐤉𐤓𐤁𐤃‬ (Dabarīm Kanaʿanīm) – Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, Extinct) Kongo – Kikongo – Niger-Congo (Bantu) Yiddish – ייִדיש (Yidish) – Indo-European (Germanic, West Germanic) Quebecois – Indo-European (Romance) Kannada – ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannaḍa) – Dravidian Wampanoag – Wôpanâôtuwâôk – Algic (Algonquian) Rapa Nui - Vananga Rapa Nui – Austronesian (Polynesian) Eskayan – Eskayano – Austronesian (Philippine, Cant, Cebuano-Based) Navajo - Diné Bizaad – Na-Dene (Athabaskan) Tahitian - Reo Tahiti – Austronesian (Polynesian) Ainu - アイヌ・イタㇰ (Aynu=itak) - Isolate Sundanese – Basa Sunda - Austronesian Saraiki - سرائیکی‬ (Sarā'īkī) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Knaanic – Indo-European (Slavic, West Slavic) Nicarauguan Sign Language – N/A - Isolate Balochi - بلۏچی‎ (Balòči) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Iranian) Láadan – Conlang (Suzette Haden Elgin, 1982) Khmer - ភាសាខ្មែរ (Phiəsaa Khmae) - Austroasiatic Lardil & Damin – Leerdil/Demiin - Tangkic Hmong - Lus Hmoob – Hmong-Mien Uilta - Tungusic Malayalam - മലയാളം (Malayāḷam) - Dravidian Pirahã – Xapaitíiso - Mura Sioux – Lakȟótiyapi/Dakhótiyapi - Siouan Old Chinese - 漢語 (*Hnaːns Ŋaʔ) – Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Extinct) Scots Gaelic – Gàidhlig – Indo-European (Celtic, Goidelic) Thai - ภาษาไทย (Phasa Thai) – Kra-Dai Rotokas – North Bougainville Klingon - tlhIngan Hol – Conlang (Marc Okrand, 1984) Zuni - Shiwi'ma - Isolate Akkadian - 𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 (Akkadû) – Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, Extinct) Pennsylvania Dutch - Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch – Indo-European (Germanic, West Germanic) Udmurt - Удмурт Кыл (Udmurt Kyl) – Uralic (Permic) Tibetan - བོད་སྐད་ (Bod skad) – Sino-Tibetan (Tibetic) Zulu – isiZulu – Niger-Congo (Bantu) Buryat - Буряад Xэлэн (Buryaad Xelen) - Mongolic Inuktitut - ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ (Inuktitut) – Eskimo-Aleut (Inuit) Turkmen – Türkmençe/Түркменче – Turkic (Oghuz) Assamese – অসমীয়া (Ôxômiya) – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan) Avestan – Unknown – Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Liturgical) Uzbek - Oʻzbekcha/Ўзбекча – Turkic (Karluk) Burmese – မြန်မာဘာသာ (Mranmabhasa) – Sino-Tibetan (Lolo-Burmese) Yup'ik – Yugtun – Eskimo-Aleut (Yupik) Ithkuil – Iţkûil – Conlang (John Quijada, 2004) Javanese - ꦧꦱꦗꦮ (Basa Jawa) - Austronesian Nenets - Hенэцяʼ Bада‎

[amazinghowyoulove]

A Croatian born artist Vesna Tenodi who has an Art Centre in the Blue Mountains stole the sacred image of the Wandjina in 2009 and commissioned a large Wandjina sculpture at the front of her gallery and has produced many contemporary works misusing the sacred image ever since.

Many of the local First Nations people objected strongly and a Worora Tribal custodian of the Wandjina travelled over 4,000 kilometers from West Kimberley to tell her the statue seriously offended his people, but she discarded what he said by saying her actions were a "revival of Aboriginal spirituality", even though she was born on another continent and the culture of the sacred Wandina is still practiced by its peoples.

...

Ms Tenodi is the owner, together with her husband Damir, of the ModroGorje Wellness and Art Centre in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales.

Originally from Croatia, Tenodi ruffled feathers in 2009 when she published her book "Dreamtime Set in Stone: The Truth about Australian Aborigines", an exploration of Indigenous culture that was dedicated to "the Aboriginal people and to the Aborigine in each of us". But the book offended many local First Nations people, not least for its illustrations of Wandjina, the sacred creator.

According to Vesna Tenodi, her unauthorised and inappropriate representation of the carved Wandjina (using the spelling 'wanjina') was meant to be the Dreamtime set in stone, a celebration of reconciliation and a "revival of Aboriginal spirituality". 

"It's totally inappropriate for a non-indigenous person to be doing Wandjina's, especially without permission," said Chris Tobin, a member of the local Dharug people who works as a guide with the National Parks and Wildlife Service.

"Aboriginal law is very specific on what you can and can't do with Wandjinas."

A spokesperson from Blue Mountains City Council confirmed a development application was required to be lodged for the sculpture because the property contains a building of heritage.

She said council understands a development application from the gallery owner is forthcoming, but no such application was received.

Work began on the sculpture within the property in December 2009.

When the sculpture was complete, the owner of Coo-ee Aboriginal Art Gallery in Bondi, Adrian Newstead, said local First Nations people have every right to be disgusted. "Only a few Aboriginal artists ever win the right to depict Wandjina, and only then after years of initiations and ceremonies. And then this artist rocks up and says, 'Bugger all that; I'll just do whatever I like'."

Dharug man Chris Tobin warned her about the cultural misappropriation, but she ignored him out of hand, and matters escalated after she commissioned the Sydney artist Ben Osvath to sculpt the sandstone mural of a Wandjina. She describes the work as a "magic stone" with "special healing powers". The night before its unveiling on March 6 it was attacked with an axe.

"Some of the locals are going on with the whole 'you are stealing our culture' routine," Osvath says. "But I am an art teacher, and in art it's anything goes."

According to Mrs Tenodi's book "those who matter" were consulted, but when it came to being more specific she refused to answer any questions.

[gvardiol]

this age are gonna have that to remember about their country and hopefully it gives them hope and outshines the bad stuff because this is what we can be, one day (2)

YES! I absolutely agree with every word. a few days ago I heard a guy on TV say “this is going to change the DNA of our nation “ and honestly it’s already happening. this wasn’t just a victory of football, this was a revival of Croatian people, their pride and spirit. ♡

[mrinalkantimajumder]

SLAVA RAŠKAJ

On this day of 2nd January, Slava Raškaj (2 January 1877 – 29 March 1906) was born in the town of Ozalj in present-day Croatia. 

She was a painter and considered to be one of the greatest Croatian watercolourist.

Deaf since birth, Raškaj was schooled in Vienna and Zagreb, where her mentor was Bela Čikoš Sesija. In the 1890s her works were exhibited around Europe, including at the 1900 Expo in Paris.

Raškaj was diagnosed with acute depression and was institutionalised for the last three years of her life before dying at the age of 29.

The value of her work was largely overlooked by art historians in the following decades, but in the late 1990s and 2000s interest in her work was revived.

Raškaj was born into a middle-class family. Olga, her mother, liked painting and she passed her love for arts to both her daughters Slava and Paula.

Raškaj was sent to Vienna to enroll at a school for deaf people where she first learned to draw. Her drawings from that period mainly depict casts of classical sculptures drawn in pencil or ink and later she moved on to watercolour and gouache techniques.

Raškaj's painted still life, in watercolours with objects such as a starfish, a silver jewelry chest, pairs of objects such as a red rose and an owl, or a lobster and a fan.

In the late 1890s, she started painting en plein air, depicting outdoor scenes.

Her most valuable paintings were Self-portrait., Spring in Ozalj, The Old Mill, and others.

Her works publicly exhibited were at the Art Pavilion, Zagreb, Saint Petersburg, Moscow, and at the Exposition Universelle, Paris.

The first exhibition dedicated to her work took place in 1957 in Zagreb.

A Croatian film about her relationship with Sesija titled 100 Minutes of Glory directed by Dalibor Matanić was released in 2004.

An exhibition featuring 185 of her works opened at the Klovićevi Dvori Gallery in Zagreb.

The Croatian National Bank issued a silver commemorative coin depicting Slava Raška.

The Slava Raškaj Educational Centre, in Zagreb, specializes in practical and vocational education for deaf students and those with communication impairments.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 10.30

637 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Antioch surrenders to the Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of the Iron Bridge. 758 – Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian pirates. 1137 – Ranulf of Apulia defeats Roger II of Sicily at the Battle of Rignano, securing his position as duke until his death two years later. 1270 – The Eighth Crusade ends by an agreement between Charles I of Anjou (replacing his deceased brother King Louis IX of France) and the Hafsid dynasty of Tunis, Tunisia. 1340 – Reconquista: Portuguese and Castilian forces halt a Muslim invasion at the Battle of Río Salado. 1657 – Anglo-Spanish War: Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Ocho Rios. 1806 – War of the Fourth Coalition: Convinced that he is facing a much larger force, Prussian General von Romberg, commanding 5,300 men, surrenders the city of Stettin to 800 French soldiers. 1817 – Simón Bolívar becomes President of the Third Republic of Venezuela. 1831 – Nat Turner is arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in United States history. 1863 – Danish Prince Vilhelm arrives in Athens to assume his throne as George I, King of the Hellenes. 1864 – The Treaty of Vienna is signed, by which Denmark relinquishes one province each to Prussia and Austria. 1888 – The Rudd Concession is granted by Matabeleland to agents of Cecil Rhodes. 1905 – Czar Nicholas II issues the October Manifesto, granting the Russian peoples basic civil liberties and the right to form a duma. (October 17 in the Julian calendar) 1918 – World War I: The Ottoman Empire signs the Armistice of Mudros with the Allies. 1918 – World War I: Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, a state union of Kingdom of Hungary and Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia is abolished with decisions of Croatian and Hungarian parliaments 1920 – The Communist Party of Australia is founded in Sydney. 1938 – Orson Welles broadcasts his radio play of H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds, causing anxiety in some of the audience in the United States. 1941 – President Roosevelt approves $1 billion in Lend-Lease aid to the Allied nations. 1941 – Holocaust: Fifteen hundred Jews from Pidhaytsi are sent by Nazis to Bełżec extermination camp. 1942 – World War II: Lt. Tony Fasson and Able Seaman Colin Grazier drown while taking code books from the sinking German submarine U-559. 1944 – Holocaust: Anne and Margot Frank are deported from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where they die from disease the following year, shortly before the end of WWII. 1945 – Jackie Robinson of the Kansas City Monarchs signs a contract for the Brooklyn Dodgers, breaking the baseball color line. 1947 – The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the foundation of the World Trade Organization (WTO), is founded. 1948 – A luzzu fishing boat overloaded with passengers capsizes and sinks in the Gozo Channel off Qala, Gozo, Malta, killing 23 of the 27 people on board. 1953 – President Eisenhower approves the top-secret document NSC 162/2 concerning the maintenance of a strong nuclear deterrent force against the Soviet Union. 1956 – Hungarian Revolution: The government recognizes the new workers' councils. Army officer Béla Király leads an attack on the Communist Party headquarters. 1959 – Piedmont Airlines Flight 349 crashes on approach to Charlottesville–Albemarle Airport in Albemarle County, Virginia, killing 26 of the 27 on board. 1961 – The Soviet Union detonates the Tsar Bomba, the most powerful explosive device ever detonated. 1961 – Due to "violations of Vladimir Lenin's precepts", it is decreed that Joseph Stalin's body be removed from its place of honour inside Lenin's tomb and buried near the Kremlin Wall with a plain granite marker. 1973 – The Bosphorus Bridge in Turkey is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosphorus for the second time. 1975 – Prince Juan Carlos I of Spain becomes acting head of state, taking over for the country's ailing dictator, Gen. Francisco Franco. 1980 – El Salvador and Honduras agree to put the border dispute fought over in 1969's Football War before the International Court of Justice. 1983 – The first democratic elections in Argentina, after seven years of military rule, are held. 1985 – Space Shuttle Challenger lifts off for mission STS-61-A, its final successful mission. 1991 – The Israeli-Palestinian conflict: The Madrid Conference commences in an effort to revive peace negotiations between Israel and Palestine. 1995 – Quebec citizens narrowly vote (50.58% to 49.42%) in favour of remaining a province of Canada in their second referendum on national sovereignty. 2005 – The rebuilt Dresden Frauenkirche (destroyed in the firebombing of Dresden during World War II) is reconsecrated after a thirteen-year rebuilding project. 2014 – Sweden is the first European Union member state to officially recognize the State of Palestine. 2015 – Sixty-four people are killed and more than 147 injuries after a fire in a nightclub in the Romanian capital Bucharest.

[pkstudiosindia]

ECB calls on Brussels to make recovery fund permanent

ECB calls on Brussels to make recovery fund permanent

The European Central Bank has urged the EU to contemplate making its new pandemic recovery fund permanent, because it printed information displaying that Croatia, Bulgaria and Greece could be the fund’s largest internet beneficiaries.

The EU plans to difficulty €750bn of debt to help a revival of the area’s pandemic-stricken financial system by distributing grants and loans to member states, a transfer the ECB referred to as “an important milestone in European economic policy integration”.

The scheme’s centrepiece — €390bn of grants — would offer a internet profit price greater than 10 per cent of the pre-crisis Croatian and Bulgarian economies and virtually 9 per cent for Greece, the ECB estimated in a analysis be aware printed on Wednesday.

Also among the many internet beneficiaries are Portugal, which can achieve 5.four per cent of its 2019 GDP; Spain with a achieve of three.four per cent of GDP, and Italy with a achieve of 1.9 per cent of GDP.

The scheme “ensures stronger macroeconomic support for more vulnerable countries”, the ECB stated.

The heaviest internet losers embody the “frugal four” international locations that originally opposed the brand new fund. Austria, Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands will all lose out on a internet foundation by practically 2 per cent of pre-pandemic GDP, as will Germany, in accordance to the central financial institution’s evaluation. 

The ECB assessed the profit every nation would derive from the grants after deducting the price of repaying its share of the additional EU debt wanted to fund them. 

It famous that though the fund is “a one-off” it “could also imply lessons for economic and monetary union, which still lacks a permanent fiscal capacity at supranational level for macroeconomic stabilisation in deep crises”.

The EU ought to contemplate making the fund a extra permanent a part of its policymaking arsenal when it restarts talks on its price range guidelines, the ECB stated.

The finance raised by the fund will improve the EU’s excellent debt 15-fold, the ECB estimated.

ECB officers have lengthy argued that the EU ought to difficulty a big, generally assured pool of debt to rival German Bunds in a bid to scale back the bloc’s vulnerability to future nationwide sovereign debt crises.

However, the concept is contentious amongst conservative policymakers who insist the recovery fund — dubbed Next Generation EU — ought to solely be a short lived crisis-fighting instrument and fear that some international locations might not make efforts to repay EU loans.

Jens Weidmann, president of Germany’s central financial institution, warned this month in regards to the threat of “creating the impression that debt at the EU level somehow doesn’t count or that it is a way of evading tiresome fiscal rules”. He added that the recovery fund ought to “remain a clearly defined crisis measure and should not open the door to permanent EU debt”.

But the ECB stated: “Provided it is deployed for productive spending and accompanied by growth-enhancing reforms, Next Generation EU would not only help to underpin the recovery but also increase the resilience and growth potential of member state economies.”

It estimated that the general monetary help from the fund could be equal to virtually 5 per cent of eurozone gross home product. 

Economists fear about the long term monetary sustainability of some southern European international locations which might be anticipated to vastly improve their price range deficits to fund their response to the coronavirus pandemic. Greece’s debt is predicted to rise above 200 per cent of GDP, whereas Italy is about to exceed 160 per cent and Spain is heading in direction of 130 per cent.

Fabio Panetta, an ECB government board member, stated in a speech on Tuesday that for closely indebted international locations “the sizeable funding provided at the European level presents a unique opportunity to address concerns of competitiveness and long-term sustainability”.

He added: “Growth will be the only solution to the accumulation of public and private debt.”

The post ECB calls on Brussels to make recovery fund permanent appeared first on Pet Food India.

from WordPress https://petfoodindia.com/ecb-calls-on-brussels-to-make-recovery-fund-permanent/

[ticket4futball]

Euro 2020: England to play Croatia and Czech Republic in Euro 2020

Gareth Southgate says England will face all those who come after winning a Euro 2020 draw which, potentially, will tie the last 16 games against Germany, France or Portugal in Dublin if they win first their relatively nice group.

England will be the favorite to negotiate Group D, where they are the seeded seeds. Euro Cup fans can purchase England Euro Cup Tickets online to enjoy its stunning performances.

After being drawn against Croatia, the Czech Republic and which nation comes through the play-offs involving Serbia, which could be an interesting prospect for Croatia, Norway, Israel, and Scotland.

If Scotland qualifies, it will face England at Wembley on June 19, stirring memories of Euro 96, Gazza, Gary McAllister's penalty, etc., and reviving the oldest rivalry in world football. It would be an opportunity.

Wales has been drawn with Italy, Turkey, and Switzerland in Group A and hopes to progress with coach Ryan Giggs, revealing that they will settle in Baku as they play two of their three group matches in the Azerbaijani capital and the other in Rome.

Northern Ireland or the Republic of Ireland, who would face each other in a play-off in Belfast if they beat Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovakia respectively, would enter group E with Spain, Sweden, and Poland.

Draw Important

In a very complicated draw, with the possibility that it is not complete because Romania could pass from group F to group C because it is a host nation if it were to cross the play-offs.

It appeared that perhaps the most difficult group was ever drawn at a major tournament: a real group of the dead.

Group F is led by Germany, seeded, winner of the 2014 World Cup, and includes the current world champions, France, and Portugal, the European champion.

It is only the second tournament in history, after Euro 92, that the world and European champions are reunited.

While there is no indulgence on Southgate's part, it would be the only natural for him to contemplate who might be England's first knockout opponents.

In fact, if they finished second, they would probably face Sweden or Poland, who are in the same group as Spain.

Southgate insisted that he would not try to guess what could happen beyond knowing who the group's opponents are, including a modern-day rivalry with Croatia that defeated England in the semifinals the World Cup but lost in the League of Nations.

The Czechs, on the other hand, were in the England qualifying group for this tournament and although the Southgate team won it comfortably, they lost to Prague against a resurgent opponent.

Southgate saying

"If you can win and be seeded, you have to take control of your destiny," said Southgate. "Hopefully we will have the decision to make.

We will take whoever comes. Everyone will think the same thing while playing with us. "

Croatia to be England's first opponent on June 14 and coach

Zlatko Dalic said: The next three, four or five years, England will be at the top of Europe. I know it will be a very different game from the World Cup but we are ready and we have six months.

There was a needle before the World Cup semi-final with Croatian players, including Luka Modric, accusing England of arrogance with the playing of the Three Lions songs with the phrase that football is coming home.

It was then played after England defeated Croatia in the League of Nations. We lost at Wembley 2-1 but I thought football could come home, said Dalic.

Now you are a very, very strong team and coach Southgate has done a fantastic job.

Euro 2020 fans can get England vs Croatia Tickets through our trusted online ticketing marketplace. Ticket4football.com is the most reliable source to book Euro Cup Tickets.

[ayearinlanguage]

A Year in Language, Day 302: Macedonian Macedonian is a South Slavic language spoken by well over 2 million people, mostly in the Republic of Macedonia. All South Slavic languages (Slovene, Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian) form a single dialect continuum, meaning the while there are distinct non-mutually intelligible South Slavic languages, the linguistic boundaries are fuzzy. Within this continuum Bulgarian and Macedonian form their own, more distinctive continuum, and as the younger of the two nations (formed in 1945) Macedonia's language has historically and even to this day been described as a dialect of Bulgarian. As a reaction, literary Macedonian has generally weeded out Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian loans and revived more archaic but distinctively Macedonian constructions. Macedonian and Bulgarian are unique amongst Slavic languages for all but eliminating the case system, retaining only a truly distinct vocative case and some lingering echoes in pronouns, similar to English. Macedonian is the only Slavic language with a definite article (like English "the"), or at least the only one to have one in the official standard; non-standard Bulgarian dialects also have the article.

[fashionphotograpybg]

The deliverance from Turkish rule brought with it a gradual revival

The Jugoslavs form a national unit and are ethnologically part of the Slavonic race. Jugoslav literature begins with translations of the Bible by Cyril and Methodius, the “Slavonic Apostles,” about the middle of the Ninth Century. During the first period of the nation’s literary history, from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Century, several biographies and chronicles were produced.

Toward the end of the Fourteenth Century and until the beginning of the Nineteenth Century the Jugoslavs fell under the domination of the Turks, who practically arrested national life. There were, however, those who, despite this catastrophe, tried to carry on the traditions of their literature.

The deliverance from Turkish rule brought with it a gradual revival. At first, however, little was written in the Jugoslav languages (Serbian, Croatian, and Slovenian), because the printing presses throughout the country had been destroyed by the Turks. The books imported from Russia were printed in Russian, and were not familiar to the mass of readers. Dositey Obradovich (1739-1811), writing in the vernacular, became immensely popular, so much so that he was appointed Minister of Public Education, in which capacity he established the first Serbian college at Belgrade.

Vuk Karajich (1787-1864) is considered by many as the father of modern Serbian literature. He collected some ten volumes of national poetry and songs which served as an inspirational source for other writers.

Stefan Sremacs

The Jugoslavs have as yet no great novelist, but they have some successful short story writers, among whom Dr. Lazarevich (1851-1890) takes high rank. Another popular author is Stefan Sremacs, whom literary critics have dubbed the “Serbian Dickens.” Sima Matavulj, another much read author, paints vivid pictures of the Dalmatian and Montenegrin Serbians in his delightful stories.

The division designated as “Jugoslav” includes the political groups speaking the Serbian, Croatian, and Slovenian tongues. Certain territories, which were before 1914 under Austrian rule, are now joined with Serbia, forming Jugoslavia.

The short story is a comparatively recent development. In the three examples included in the present volume no one can fail to observe the folk element, which characterizes the work of the best Jugoslav writers.

Source: https://www.doholiday.com/jugoslavia/

[worldtravell]

The deliverance from Turkish rule brought with it a gradual revival

The Jugoslavs form a national unit and are ethnologically part of the Slavonic race. Jugoslav literature begins with translations of the Bible by Cyril and Methodius, the “Slavonic Apostles,” about the middle of the Ninth Century. During the first period of the nation’s literary history, from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Century, several biographies and chronicles were produced.

Toward the end of the Fourteenth Century and until the beginning of the Nineteenth Century the Jugoslavs fell under the domination of the Turks, who practically arrested national life. There were, however, those who, despite this catastrophe, tried to carry on the traditions of their literature.

The deliverance from Turkish rule brought with it a gradual revival. At first, however, little was written in the Jugoslav languages (Serbian, Croatian, and Slovenian), because the printing presses throughout the country had been destroyed by the Turks. The books imported from Russia were printed in Russian, and were not familiar to the mass of readers. Dositey Obradovich (1739-1811), writing in the vernacular, became immensely popular, so much so that he was appointed Minister of Public Education, in which capacity he established the first Serbian college at Belgrade.

Vuk Karajich (1787-1864) is considered by many as the father of modern Serbian literature. He collected some ten volumes of national poetry and songs which served as an inspirational source for other writers.

Stefan Sremacs

The Jugoslavs have as yet no great novelist, but they have some successful short story writers, among whom Dr. Lazarevich (1851-1890) takes high rank. Another popular author is Stefan Sremacs, whom literary critics have dubbed the “Serbian Dickens.” Sima Matavulj, another much read author, paints vivid pictures of the Dalmatian and Montenegrin Serbians in his delightful stories.

The division designated as “Jugoslav” includes the political groups speaking the Serbian, Croatian, and Slovenian tongues. Certain territories, which were before 1914 under Austrian rule, are now joined with Serbia, forming Jugoslavia.

The short story is a comparatively recent development. In the three examples included in the present volume no one can fail to observe the folk element, which characterizes the work of the best Jugoslav writers.

Source: https://www.doholiday.com/jugoslavia/

[istanbuldaily]

The Jugoslavs form a national unit

The Jugoslavs form a national unit and are ethnologically part of the Slavonic race. Jugoslav literature begins with translations of the Bible by Cyril and Methodius, the “Slavonic Apostles,” about the middle of the Ninth Century. During the first period of the nation’s literary history, from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Century, several biographies and chronicles were produced.

Toward the end of the Fourteenth Century and until the beginning of the Nineteenth Century the Jugoslavs fell under the domination of the Turks, who practically arrested national life. There were, however, those who, despite this catastrophe, tried to carry on the traditions of their literature.

The deliverance from Turkish rule brought with it a gradual revival. At first, however, little was written in the Jugoslav languages (Serbian, Croatian, and Slovenian), because the printing presses throughout the country had been destroyed by the Turks. The books imported from Russia were printed in Russian, and were not familiar to the mass of readers. Dositey Obradovich (1739—1811), writing in the vernacular, became immensely popular, so much so that he was appointed Minister of Public Education, in which capacity he established the first Serbian college at Belgrade.

Vuk Karajich (1787—1864) is considered by many as the father of modern Serbian literature. He collected some ten volumes of national poetry and songs which served as an inspirational source for other writers.

Stefan Sremacs

The Jugoslavs have as yet no great novelist, but they have some successful short story writers, among whom Dr. Lazarevich (1851—1890) takes high rank. Another popular author is Stefan Sremacs, whom literary critics have dubbed the “Serbian Dickens.” Sima Matavulj, another much read author, paints vivid pictures of the Dalmatian and Montenegrin Serbians in his delightful stories.

The division designated as “Jugoslav” includes the political groups speaking the Serbian, Croatian, and Slovenian tongues. Certain territories, which were before 1914 under Austrian rule, are now joined with Serbia, forming Jugoslavia.

The short story is a comparatively recent development. In the three examples included in the present volume no one can fail to observe the folk element, which characterizes the work of the best Jugoslav writers.

Source: https://docappadocia.com/jugoslavia/

[mirelaloveworld]

The Jugoslavs form a national unit

The Jugoslavs form a national unit and are ethnologically part of the Slavonic race. Jugoslav literature begins with translations of the Bible by Cyril and Methodius, the “Slavonic Apostles,” about the middle of the Ninth Century. During the first period of the nation’s literary history, from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Century, several biographies and chronicles were produced.

Toward the end of the Fourteenth Century and until the beginning of the Nineteenth Century the Jugoslavs fell under the domination of the Turks, who practically arrested national life. There were, however, those who, despite this catastrophe, tried to carry on the traditions of their literature.

The deliverance from Turkish rule brought with it a gradual revival. At first, however, little was written in the Jugoslav languages (Serbian, Croatian, and Slovenian), because the printing presses throughout the country had been destroyed by the Turks. The books imported from Russia were printed in Russian, and were not familiar to the mass of readers. Dositey Obradovich (1739—1811), writing in the vernacular, became immensely popular, so much so that he was appointed Minister of Public Education, in which capacity he established the first Serbian college at Belgrade.

Vuk Karajich (1787—1864) is considered by many as the father of modern Serbian literature. He collected some ten volumes of national poetry and songs which served as an inspirational source for other writers.

Stefan Sremacs

The Jugoslavs have as yet no great novelist, but they have some successful short story writers, among whom Dr. Lazarevich (1851—1890) takes high rank. Another popular author is Stefan Sremacs, whom literary critics have dubbed the “Serbian Dickens.” Sima Matavulj, another much read author, paints vivid pictures of the Dalmatian and Montenegrin Serbians in his delightful stories.

The division designated as “Jugoslav” includes the political groups speaking the Serbian, Croatian, and Slovenian tongues. Certain territories, which were before 1914 under Austrian rule, are now joined with Serbia, forming Jugoslavia.

The short story is a comparatively recent development. In the three examples included in the present volume no one can fail to observe the folk element, which characterizes the work of the best Jugoslav writers.

Source: https://docappadocia.com/jugoslavia/