#Central Alaskan Yup’ik

[asfaltics]

putterings, 322-319a

                                            calingssagtuq                                     .to.no.particular.end                               I’ve left                         a tub full of mud and water,                   (an) incomprehensible place

      319a is writings, sorted and about for Jean Lyon (1902-1960)

—

puutterings     |     their index     |     these derivations     |     20230710  

[tragedykery]

how much can I change the geography of the south pole in order to more accurate to the region & livelihood of the yupiit (whom I’m basing taituk’s tribe on)

many thoughts head full of atla pre-war worldbuilding

[willowbilly]

“Inuit” is a plural noun! One need not add the English plural morpheme -s to it because it already has the Inuktut plural morpheme -it! The singular form is actually “Inuk.” A common Canadian and Greenlandic dual form is “Inuuk.” 

There are grammatical dual as well as singular and plural nouns and pronouns in most of the Inuit-Yuit-Unangan languages, excluding Sireniki Yupik†, Kalaallisut, and Tunumiisut; Unangam Tunuu also used the dual more often prior to the 1950s. 

In northern Iñupiatun, one person is an iñuk; two people are iññuk; three or more are iñuich. In Yugtun: yuk; yuuk; yuit. In Eastern Unangam Tunuu: anĝaĝix̂, anĝaĝix, anĝaĝin. A possible Unangax̂ language cognate of iñuk, inuk, yuk, cuk, cug, suk, and yuuk is suganĝix̂ “young person.” 

As for three examples of Alaskan ethnonyms in the singular, dual, and plural:— 

Siḷaliñiġmiutun and Malimiutun: singular Iñupiaq; dual Iñupiak; plural Iñupiat. 

Northern Central Alaskan Yugtun: singular Yup’ik; dual Yupiik; plural Yupiit. 

Unangam Tunuu: singular Unangax̂; dual Unangax; plural Unangan or Unangas (Attu†).

[mudaship39]

Aleut, Kodiak/Sugpiag, Yupik, and Inuit Arctic Native characters of my BIPOC and QTIPOC Futurism Project

Miknagyaq Kameroff Walrus. She is an Arctic Native Indigenous woman character who is Siberian Yupik Indigenous. She is mixed European Russian. She is a white Native as her racial identity is European Russian as a Siberian Yupik Indigenous woman. She has an olive skin tone. She has light brown eyes. She is Moravian as her spirituality. She is polyamorous. She is nonbinary pansexual. She has several siblings. She is from Neo Anchorage, Alaska in Southwest Alaska. She likes dog sledding and has a team of Alaskan malamutes. She is a member of the Elites and Paragons.

Amaruq Ren Naitok an Asian Native who is East Asian Japanese and Inuit Indigenous. They are nonbinary genderfluid pansexual. They use a whip as a weapon. They have brown eyes and tan skin tone. They have long and straight hair with the sides shaved off. They are 5’7” and 150 pounds. They have super strength as a superpower. They use a wolf mask to cover the top half of their face. They are an ex of the queer and trans main character Kana’i Makoa Latu/Ataahua Kamalani Latu.

Uksumi Hansen a Black Arctic Native Kodiak/Qik'rtaq Island Sugpiaq Indigenous woman of color. She is mixed Norwegian. She is monogamous. She is cis bisexual. She is 5’2”. She has dark brown eyes. She has freckles. She has tan skin. She has curly hair. She is a Sugpiaq spiritualist. She is the oldest sibling. She has three younger sisters. She has power over the weather. She is a xeno anthropologist and a xeno archeologist. She is young and youthful and kind. She is feminine and flirtatious. She brings a lighthearted energy and positive spirit to most everyone she encounters. Her powers are young. She mostly uses it for fun like creating snow, rain, sunshine, and rainbows. Her real power lies in the storms and disasters she could trigger like hurricanes, typhoons, & monsoons.

Mary Lestenkof is a white native character who is European Russian and Aleut Indigenous Arctic Native. She is an ex of the queer and trans main character Kana’i Makoa Latu/Ataahua Kamalani Latu. Together they have a son named Peter Lestenkof. 

Peter Lestenkof. The son of the main character and Mary Lestenkof.

Dark Aurora (Jasper Kashatok) is an Alaskan Indigenous and Afro Latinx Haitian person of color. He is Central Alaskan Yup’ik. His sex, gender, gender identity is masculine aligned nonbinary. His sexual orientation is he is gay. He is monogamous. He is neurodivergent with ADHD. He is abled bodied. His religion and spirituality is he is agnostic. He speaks Yugtun, English, Spanish, & Creole. He does not have tattoos. He has small gauges. He was born in Neo Anchorage, Alaska. He is now primarily nomadic. His personality is he is very shy and anxious. He is kind and empathetic. He is an introvert. His personality type is INFP. He was born into the poor working class. He is an anarchist. His virtues are he is patient, compassionate, & empathetic. His vices are he is fearful, anxious, & dishonest. He is unemployed. He lives on his own. He self provides for himself. He is a college drop out who dropped out after a two year associates degree. His mother Mona Lazaare a Afro Latinx Haitian woman of color is very kind and caring woman. His father David Kashatok who is a Yupik Indigenous man is a very stern and demanding person. He is an only child. He is single as he is a bit of a loner. He has a pet Black Husky named Kit that follows him around. His superhero outfit is a dark shadowy parka. His mode of transportation is walking. He has powers over dark matter. He is able to summon and control shadowy versions of real things. He does not use weapons as he himself is a weapon. He is a demigod from his maternal grandmother who is a god. 

[puutterings]

calingssagtuq .to.no.particular.end

  (1) calingssagtuq cali-ngssag-tu-q work-to.V.to.no.particular.end'-I-3 `s/he is puttering around'   (2) qimugtengirta'rrlugaq qimugta-ngirta'rrlugaq dog-good.old.N `good old dog'   (3) nayirrsurtuq nayiq-ssur-tu-q seal-to.hunt.N-I-3 `he is hunting seals'

ex search for “linguistics” + “puttering”, initially yielding snippets only from Santa Barbara Papers in Linguistics vols 7-8 (1996) : link but after some thrashing about to Steven Lasswell, “The Alternation of Verbal Mood in Yupik Eskimo Narrative,” ibid. (vol. 7) “Prosody, Grammar, and Discourse in Central Alaskan Yup’ik��� : 64-97 (84-97 devoted to four annotated texts) : link (pdf)

from introduction to the volume (by Marianne Mithun) — “Central Alaskan Yup’ik (CAY) is a language of the Eskimo-Aleut family, spoken by around 10,000 people in southwestern Alaska.”

—

Yupik (the people; including their difficult history vis-à-vis Russians and U.S.) wikipedia : link Central Alaskan Yup’ik (the language) wikipedia : link Yupik languages wikipedia : link

—

from Lasswell — “a polysynthetic language with ergative-absolutive case marking and split syntactic patterns... Intervening between base and ending can be one or more derivational postbases that modify the meaning of the base, as well as potentially nominalizing or verbalizing it...”

The three passages above (of five in total) follow, as introductory examples.  

[gwendolynlerman]

Languages of the world

Central Alaskan Yup’ik (Yugtun)

Basic facts

Number of native speakers: 10,000

Official language: Alaska (United States)

Script: Latin, 28 letters

Grammatical cases: 7

Linguistic typology: polysynthetic, free word order, ergative-absolutive

Language family: Eskimo-Aleut, Eskimo, Yupik

Number of dialects: 5

History

1900 - invention of several scripts, including a pictographic and a syllabic one

1960s - development of a new orthography

Writing system and pronunciation

These are the letters that make up the alphabet: a c e g gg i k l ll m ḿ n ń ng ńg p q r rr s ss t u û v vv w y.

Both consonants and vowels may occur long, but the former are not marked in orthography as they can be predicted by phonological rules. Where long consonants occur unpredictably, an apostrophe following the consonant is placed.

Grammar

Nouns have seven cases (absolutive, relative, ablative, allative, locative, perlative, and equalis) and three numbers (singular, dual, and plural). Possessed nouns agree with their possessor.

There are no articles or adjectives. Nominal roots and postbases are used instead of adjectives.

Verbs are conjugated for mood (indicative, interrogative, optative, and participial), person, and number. Third-person agreement in dependent clauses varies depending on whether that third-person is the same referent or a different referent than the subject of the independent clause.

Dialects

There are five dialects: Norton Sound, General Central Yup’ik, Nunivak, Hooper Bay-Chevak, and Egegik. The latter is extinct, but the rest of them are mutually intelligible despite differences in phonology and lexicon.

[chat-chouage]

The Lord’s Prayer written in the Yugtun script, a writing system devised to write the Central Alaskan Yup’ik language

[dangelogsworld]

, to Alaskan interests that Mr. Young was known for. Her father and the longtime congressman were close friends, and, as a young girl, she would tag along as he campaigned for Mr. Young. But she sharply diverges from Mr. Young and her top Republican opponents, including Ms. Palin, in her support for abortion rights, her concern about climate change and her calls for developing Alaska’s resources with greater sensitivity to the needs of local communities.

Ms. Peltola has sought to highlight her Native roots in a state where more than 15 percent of the population identifies as Indigenous. As a Yup’ik woman, she said, she has sought to use the teachings of her community in her broader appeals for bipartisanship. “Dry fish and pilot bread — that is how I got other legislators in the room when I was rebuilding the bipartisan Bush caucus,” she said in an ad introducing herself to voters. (“Bush caucus” refers to a group of legislators from rural Alaska.)

Ms. Peltola served in the Alaska House from 1999 to 2009 before becoming the executive director of the Kuskokwim River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, which works with tribes to manage salmon resources. She has also served as a councilwoman in Bethel, a small city in western Alaska, and as a judge on the Orutsararmuit Native Council Tribal Court.

She made that experience central to her campaign message, a uniquely Alaskan appeal to voters in a state where many rural communities depend on reliable stocks of fish for their very subsistence. Ms. Peltola’s ads were critical of out-of-state trawlers — high-volume fishing ships, often from China or Russia, that sweep up prized salmon and halibut along with lower-value species such as pollock.

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The Supreme Court’s move in June to overturn Roe v. Wade was another major theme of Ms. Peltola’s campaign. More than 60 percent of Alaskans favor abortion rights, breaking with the position held by Republicans like Ms. Palin, who hailed the decision as a victory for states’ rights. Abortion remains legal in Alaska, though the law requires that a patient receive counseling intended to discourage the practice.

Ms. Peltola will face voters again this fall as she tries to retain the seat in Congress beyond the remainder of Mr. Young’s term.

Voters in November will rank their choices from the top four finishers of the regular primary on Aug. 16. Ms. Peltola finished ahead of Ms. Palin in that primary, followed by Mr. Begich.

Ms. Palin’s defeat in the special election is likely to raise doubts about her viability in November.

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Former President Donald J. Trump visited Anchorage in July to hold a rally for Ms. Palin, whose campaign was being managed by one of his longtime political lieutenants, Michael Glassner. Mr. Trump hailed her as “legendary.”

At that rally, Ms. Palin attacked Mr. Begich, her chief Republican opponent, as a “RINO,” or Republican in Name Only. And she nodded in jest to the complaints of her critics, who have accused her of erratic behavior and of abandoning the state after her 2008 loss.

“We have been mocked and ridiculed and falsely accused and told to sit down and shut up,” she said. “The stuff that you’ve heard about me — it’s a lie. I’m way worse than what you’ve heard.”

Mr. Trump expended most of his energy at the rally attacking Senator Lisa Murkowski, who broke with him frequently on abortion and other issues and who voted for his impeachment after the assault on the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021.

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Both Ms. Murkowski and Kelly Tshibaka, whom Mr. Trump endorsed, advanced in the state’s Senate primary race and will face off again in November.

Mr. Trump is a divisive figure in Alaska, which has long had an independent streak. He remains highly popular among hard-core Republican voters but has alienated thousands of more moderate Republicans and independents.

Although Mr. Trump won Alaska by 10 percentage points in 2020, besting Joseph R. Biden Jr., those results represented a decrease from his commanding 15-point victory over Hillary Clinton in 2016.

Mr. Trump’s waning overall popularity has led some analysts to speculate that his endorsement of Ms. Palin could do as much to mobilize his political opponents against her this fall as it could to help her. And Ms. Palin’s starkly low approval ratings in her quest to win Mr. Young’s former seat permanently indicate that another candidate might squeak through in November. If the special election and Aug. 16 primary results are any indication, Ms. Peltola appears well positioned to do so.

Jazmine Ulloa contributed reporting.Aug. 31, 2022, 8:15 p.m.https://imgur.com/KxULOjWpersonalizado

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Investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa

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CIENCIAS

Investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa

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La diferencia entre la investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa se basa en entender los campos clave de investigación y aprender a diferenciar entre uno y otro. En el campo de los negocios, la ciencia y la tecnología, la economía, etc., utilizan dos formas estándar de realizar la investigación. Una es la investigación cualitativa y la otra es la investigación cuantitativa. La primera utiliza observaciones estadísticas y lógicas para llegar a la conclusión, mientras que la segunda se basa en datos verbales y escritos.

Investigación Cualitativa Investigación Cuantitativa

Para qué se utiliza Es el método utilizado para desarrollar una mejor comprensión de las ciencias humanas y sociales, para comprender mejor el comportamiento humano y las personalidades Es el método utilizado para generar datos numéricos mediante el uso de muchas técnicas, como técnicas lógicas, estadísticas y matemáticas

Enfoque Utiliza un enfoque subjetivo Utiliza un enfoque objetivo

Cómo se expresa Generalmente se expresa con palabras Se expresa con gráficos y números

Preguntas Tiene preguntas abiertas Tiene preguntas de opción múltiple

Encuestados La investigación cualitativa necesita sólo unos pocos encuestados La investigación cuantitativa requiere muchos encuestados

Métodos de recolección de datos Los métodos de recolección de datos involucrados son entrevistas, grupos focales, revisión de literatura, etnografía Los métodos de recolección de datos involucrados son experimentos, encuestas y observaciones expresadas en números

Naturaleza La investigación cualitativa es de naturaleza holística. La investigación cuantitativa es de naturaleza particularista.

Razonamiento El razonamiento utilizado para sintetizar los datos en esta investigación es inductivo. El razonamiento utilizado para sintetizar los datos en esta investigación es deductivo.

Datos Los datos tomados en el método de investigación cualitativo son bastante verbales. Los datos tomados en este método son bastante medibles.

Objetivo El objetivo de este método de investigación es involucrar y descubrir varias ideas El objetivo principal de la investigación cuantitativa es examinar la causa y el efecto entre las variables.

Investigación cualitativa

La investigación cualitativa es el proceso de recopilar, analizar e interpretar datos no numéricos, como el lenguaje. La investigación cualitativa se puede utilizar para comprender cómo un individuo percibe subjetivamente y le da sentido a su realidad social. Los datos cualitativos se definen como datos no numéricos, como texto, video, fotografías o grabaciones de audio. Este tipo de datos se puede recopilar mediante relatos diarios o entrevistas en profundidad, y se puede analizar mediante teoría fundamentada o análisis temático.

La investigación cualitativa se enfoca en múltiples métodos, lo que implica un enfoque interpretativo y naturalista de su tema. Esto significa que los investigadores cualitativos estudian las cosas en su entorno natural, intentando dar sentido o interpretar los fenómenos en términos de los significados que las personas les dan.- Denzin y Lincoln

El interés por los datos cualitativos surgió como resultado de la insatisfacción de algunos psicólogos, como Carl Rogers, con el estudio científico de psicólogos conductistas (por ejemplo: Skinner). Dado que los psicólogos estudian a las personas, el enfoque tradicional de la ciencia no se considera una forma adecuada de realizar investigaciones, ya que no logra captar la totalidad de la experiencia humana y la esencia de lo que es ser humano. Explorar la experiencia de los participantes se conoce como un enfoque fenomenológico.

El objetivo de la investigación cualitativa es comprender la realidad social de los individuos, grupos y culturas lo más cerca posible de como la sienten o la viven sus participantes. Así, las personas y los grupos, son estudiados en su escenario natural. La investigación que sigue un enfoque cualitativo es exploratoria y busca explicar «cómo» y «por qué» un fenómeno particular, o comportamiento, opera como lo hace en un contexto particular. Se puede utilizar para generar hipótesis y teorías a partir de los datos.

Métodos utilizados para obtener datos cualitativos

Existen diferentes tipos de métodos de investigación cualitativa, incluidos los relatos diarios, las entrevistas en profundidad, los documentos, los grupos focales, la investigación de estudios de casos y la etnografía. Los resultados de los métodos cualitativos proporcionan una comprensión profunda de cómo las personas perciben sus realidades sociales y, en consecuencia, cómo actúan dentro del mundo social.

El investigador tiene varios métodos para recolectar materiales empíricos, que van desde la entrevista a la observación directa, al análisis de artefactos, documentos y registros culturales, al uso de materiales visuales o experiencia personal.- Denzin y Lincoln

Un buen ejemplo de un método de investigación cualitativo serían las entrevistas no estructuradas que generan datos cualitativos mediante el uso de preguntas abiertas. Esto permite que el encuestado hable con cierta profundidad, eligiendo sus propias palabras. Esto ayuda al investigador a desarrollar un sentido real de la comprensión de una situación por parte de una persona. Tenga en cuenta que los datos cualitativos pueden ser mucho más que solo palabras o texto. Las fotografías, videos, grabaciones de sonido, etc., pueden considerarse datos cualitativos.

Análisis de los datos

La investigación cualitativa es infinitamente creativa e interpretativa. El investigador deja el campo con montañas de datos empíricos y luego escribe fácilmente sus hallazgos. Se construyen interpretaciones cualitativas y se pueden utilizar diversas técnicas para dar sentido a los datos, como el análisis de contenido, la teoría fundamentada (Glaser & Strauss, 1967), el análisis temático (Braun & Clarke, 2006) o el análisis del discurso. Por ejemplo, el análisis temático es un enfoque cualitativo que implica identificar ideas implícitas o explícitas dentro de los datos. Los temas a menudo surgirán una vez que los datos hayan sido codificados.

Características clave

Los eventos pueden entenderse adecuadamente solo si se ven en su contexto. Por lo tanto, un investigador cualitativo se sumerge en el campo, en un entorno natural. Los contextos de indagación no son artificiales, son naturales y nada está predefinido ni se da por sentado.

Los investigadores cualitativos quieren que aquellos que son estudiados hablen por sí mismos, que brinden sus perspectivas en palabras y otras acciones. Por lo tanto, la investigación cualitativa es un proceso interactivo en el que las personas estudiadas enseñan al investigador sobre sus vidas.

El investigador cualitativo es parte integral de los datos, sin la participación activa del investigador, no existen datos.

El diseño del estudio evoluciona durante la investigación y se puede ajustar o cambiar a medida que avanza.

Para el investigador cualitativo, no existe una realidad única, es subjetiva y existe sólo en referencia al observador.

La teoría está impulsada por los datos y surge como parte del proceso de investigación, evolucionando a partir de los datos a medida que se recopilan.

Limitaciones

Debido al tiempo y los costos involucrados, los diseños cualitativos generalmente no extraen muestras de conjuntos de datos a gran escala.

El problema de la validez o confiabilidad adecuada es una crítica importante. Debido a la naturaleza subjetiva de los datos cualitativos y su origen en contextos únicos, es difícil aplicar estándares convencionales de confiabilidad y validez.

Por ejemplo, debido al papel central que juega el investigador en la generación de datos, no es posible replicar estudios cualitativos. Además, los contextos, las situaciones, los eventos, las condiciones y las interacciones no se pueden replicar en ninguna medida ni se pueden hacer generalizaciones a un contexto más amplio que el estudiado con confianza.

El tiempo requerido para la recopilación, el análisis y la interpretación de los datos es largo. El análisis de datos cualitativos es difícil y se necesita un conocimiento experto de un área para tratar de interpretar los datos cualitativos, y se debe tener mucho cuidado al hacerlo, por ejemplo, si se buscan síntomas de enfermedades mentales.

Fortalezas

Debido a la estrecha participación del investigador, el investigador obtiene una visión interna del campo. Esto le permite al investigador encontrar problemas que a menudo se pasan por alto (como sutilezas y complejidades) en las investigaciones científicas más positivistas.

Las descripciones cualitativas pueden desempeñar el importante papel de sugerir posibles relaciones, causas, efectos y procesos dinámicos.

El análisis cualitativo permite ambigüedades/contradicciones en los datos, que son un reflejo de la realidad social.

La investigación cualitativa utiliza un estilo narrativo descriptivo; esta investigación podría ser de particular beneficio para el profesional, ya que él o ella podría recurrir a informes cualitativos para examinar formas de conocimiento que de otro modo no estarían disponibles, y así obtener una nueva perspectiva.

Investigación cuantitativa

La investigación cuantitativa implica el proceso de recopilar y analizar objetivamente datos numéricos para describir, predecir o controlar variables de interés. Los objetivos de la investigación cuantitativa son probar las relaciones causales entre las variables, hacer predicciones y generalizar los resultados a poblaciones más amplias. Los investigadores cuantitativos tienen como objetivo establecer leyes generales de comportamiento y fenómenos en diferentes entornos/contextos. La investigación se utiliza para probar una teoría y, en última instancia, apoyarla o rechazarla.

Métodos utilizados para obtener datos cuantitativos

Los experimentos suelen producir datos cuantitativos, ya que se ocupan de medir cosas. Sin embargo, otros métodos de investigación, como las observaciones controladas y los cuestionarios, pueden producir también dicha información. Por ejemplo, una escala de calificación o preguntas cerradas en un cuestionario generarían datos cuantitativos, ya que producen datos numéricos o datos que se pueden clasificar en categorías (por ejemplo, respuestas de «sí», «no»).

Los métodos experimentales limitan las posibles formas en que un participante de la investigación puede reaccionar y expresar un comportamiento social apropiado. Por lo tanto, es probable que los hallazgos estén ligados al contexto y sean simplemente un reflejo de los supuestos que el investigador aporta a la investigación.

Análisis de los datos

Las estadísticas nos ayudan a convertir datos cuantitativos en información útil para ayudar en la toma de decisiones. Podemos usar estadísticas para resumir nuestros datos, describiendo patrones, relaciones y conexiones. La estadística puede ser descriptiva o inferencial. La primera nos ayudan a resumir nuestros datos, mientras que la segunda se utilizan para identificar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre grupos de datos (como los grupos de intervención y de control en un estudio de control aleatorio).

Características clave

Los investigadores cuantitativos intentan controlar variables extrañas realizando sus estudios en el laboratorio.

La investigación tiene como objetivo la objetividad (es decir, sin sesgos) y está separada de los datos.

El diseño del estudio se determina antes de que comience.

Para el investigador cuantitativo la realidad es objetiva y existe separadamente del investigador, y es capaz de ser vista por cualquier persona.

La investigación se utiliza para probar una teoría y, en última instancia, apoyarla o rechazarla.

Limitaciones

Contexto: Los experimentos cuantitativos no tienen lugar en entornos naturales. Además, no permiten que los participantes expliquen sus elecciones o el significado que las preguntas puedan tener para ellos.

Experiencia del investigador: El escaso conocimiento de la aplicación del análisis estadístico puede afectar negativamente el análisis y la interpretación posterior.

Variabilidad de la cantidad de datos: se necesitan tamaños de muestra grandes para un análisis más preciso. Los estudios cuantitativos a pequeña escala pueden ser menos confiables debido a la poca cantidad de datos. Esto también afecta la capacidad de generalizar los hallazgos del estudio a poblaciones más amplias.

Sesgo de confirmación: el investigador puede pasar por alto la observación de fenómenos debido a que se centra en la teoría o la prueba de hipótesis en lugar de en la teoría de la generación de hipótesis.

Fortalezas

Objetividad científica: los datos cuantitativos se pueden interpretar con análisis estadístico y, dado que las estadísticas se basan en los principios de las matemáticas, el enfoque cuantitativo se considera científicamente objetivo y racional. Útil para probar y validar teorías ya construidas.

Análisis rápido: el software sofisticado elimina gran parte de la necesidad de un análisis de datos prolongado, especialmente cuando se trata de grandes volúmenes de datos.

Replicación: los datos cuantitativos se basan en valores medidos y pueden ser verificados por otros porque los datos numéricos están menos abiertos a ambigüedades de interpretación. Las hipótesis también se pueden probar debido al uso del análisis estadístico.

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45 ejemplos de valores universales

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HDemanda Internacional Civil Rights Court Supreme Of Justice global Demanda civilaf3TVLZpuhAD1g7yWRjMXkOacamPk9NAxkvLpVhiccydMOzuaxObWqaCkWFzQM434kJJl5yOoX5vl0MmYsKOveCxHSdCzjyn8zZYcey2stEN82Para fijar un clip, manténlo presionado. Después de una hora, se borrarán todos los clips que no estén fijados.Para fijar un clip, manténlo presionado. Después de una hora, se borrarán todos los clips que no estén fijados.Para fijar un clip, manténlo presionado. Después de una hora, se borrarán todos los clips que no estén fijados.Para fijar un clip, manténlo presionado. Después de una hora, se borrarán todos los clips que no estén fijados.af3TVLZpuhAD1g7yWRjMXkOacamPk9NAxkvLpVhiccydMOzuaxObWqaCkWFzQM434kJJl5yOoX5vl0MmYsKOveCxHSdCzjyn8zZYcey2stEN82Demanda Internacional Civil Rights Court Supreme Of Justice global Demanda civilDemanda Internacional Civil Rights Court Supreme Of Justice global Demanda civilDemanda Internacional Civil Rights Court Supreme Of Justice global Demanda civilDemanda Internacional Civil Rights Court Supreme Of Justice global Demanda civilDemanda Internacional Civil Rights Court Supreme Of Justice global Demanda civilDemanda Internacional Civil Rights Court Supreme Of Justice global Demanda civilDemanda Internacional Civil Rights Court Supreme Of Justice global Demanda civil

I hate hbo max. I hate Disney +. I hate Amazon prime. I hate streaming platforms that treat their staff and creators like donkey shit. I hate that they don’t compensate for rewatches or popularity and can’t even take out the fucking commercials. I hate our monthly fees for media that can just be put in the vault and written off as if it never existed. I hate our reliance on mega corporations for our daily serotonin. I want weekly shows where I can theorize with my friends. I want dvds to be popular again. I want no commercials and for my favorite creators to be paid to imagine a better world than this.

[sciencespies]

10,000-year-old dog remains from Alaska hint at a beautiful tale of migrating together

https://sciencespies.com/humans/10000-year-old-dog-remains-from-alaska-hint-at-a-beautiful-tale-of-migrating-together/

10,000-year-old dog remains from Alaska hint at a beautiful tale of migrating together

A tiny, ancient bone fragment found in Southeast Alaska is a lot more than meets the eye. It belonged to a dog that lived in the region 10,150 years ago, which means it’s a piece of the puzzle of dog migration into the Americas – and the humans that likely came along with it.

Scientists have sequenced the DNA found in the bone, positively identifying the animal. This makes it the oldest confirmed dog remains in the Americas, the researchers said.

“There have been multiple waves of dogs migrating into the Americas, but one question has been, when did the first dogs arrive? And did they follow an interior ice-free corridor between the massive ice sheets that covered the North American continent, or was their first migration along the coast?” said evolutionary biologist Charlotte Lindqvist of the University of Buffalo.

“We now have genetic evidence from an ancient dog found along the Alaskan coast. Because dogs are a proxy for human occupation, our data help provide not only a timing but also a location for the entry of dogs and people into the Americas. Our study supports the theory that this migration occurred just as coastal glaciers retreated during the last Ice Age.”

(Douglas Levere/University at Buffalo)

The fragment of bone, named PP-00128, was actually found quite some time ago, during excavations of Lawyer’s Cave on the Alaskan coastal mainland in 1998 and 2003. Hundreds of bone samples and some human artefacts were collected in those excavations, and the fragment had been sitting in storage awaiting further examination.

Initially, scientists thought it was a fragment of bear bone – which would help put together a picture of the cave’s usage throughout the millennia, but is not quite as relevant to human history.

It wasn’t until Lindqvist and her team took a closer look at the mitochondrial DNA that they realised this supposition was – excitingly – very incorrect. The fragment, a piece of the rounded head of a femur about 1 centimetre (0.4 inches) across, belonged to a canine lineage that split from Siberian dogs around 16,700 years ago (Canis lupus familiaris).

This now almost completely extinct lineage, known as precontact dogs because they predate European contact in the Americas, went on to populate North America alongside indigenous humans. The branch of this precontact dog family tree that produced the owner of the PP-00128 bone sample split away around 14,500 years ago.

The DNA also revealed that the dog likely fed mainly on seafood, similar to dog remains found in Nunalleq, a precontact Yup’ik archaeological site in coastal Southwestern Alaska. In both cases, it’s easy to imagine that the dogs fed on fish, seal and whale meat hunted and caught by their human companions.

Put all together, the evidence suggests that the region may be a significant one for the history of human migration into the Americas.

“This all started out with our interest in how Ice Age climatic changes impacted animals’ survival and movements in this region,” Lindqvist said.

“Southeast Alaska might have served as an ice-free stopping point of sorts, and now – with our dog – we think that early human migration through the region might be much more important than some previously suspected.”

It only constitutes a piece of the puzzle. Humans entered the Americas several times over the millennia, bringing different dogs with them (because who would leave their puppy behind?). But it could be a very important piece.

“Our early dog from Southeast Alaska supports the hypothesis that the first dog and human migration occurred through the Northwest Pacific coastal route instead of the central continental corridor, which is thought to have become viable only about 13,000 years ago,” said biologist Flavio Augusto da Silva Coelho of the University at Buffalo.

Precontact dogs were later almost entirely replaced by Inuit sled dogs and European breeds that arrived with the colonists, so studying remains such as PP-00128 could also help us understand the fate of the entire lineage.

The research has been published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

#Humans

[freeminimaps]

Alaska – Top 5 Facts

Have you ever fantasized about braving one of the harshest places in the world? Well, if you have, then this is your lucky day, for we are going to discuss Alaska and its wonders. Known as the most expansive state of the United States of America, it harbours more than 730,000 people. In spite of the aforementioned, it is quite sparsely populated and major cities are unheard of. Even Anchorage (the largest city, though not the capital – that would be Juneau) is just under 300,000 people. So, without further ado, let us see the top five things that this northern marvel can offer you if you choose to visit it!

1. Volcanoes galore: Volcanoes are a common thing in Alaska as there are over 130 of them there. What this inevitably means is that you should watch yourself, lest you fall in lava! Alright, just kidding, but out of those 130 (and don’t forget volcanic fields), 90 have been active in the past 10,000 years. The rest of them are catalogued as active in the last 2 million years. Besides their silent and ominous presences, they are majestic sights to behold and photograph. Oh, and if you want to take a hike on some of those fascinating volcanic fields, chances are that you will be left with an unforgettable scenic experience!

2. Fish and fishing: There are a lot of places around the world where they say that their fish is the best but Alaska is most indubitably a powerful contender. Fish and seafood in general is not only great there but it is also perfectly affordable. Oh, and let us not forget about giant crabs for they represent an important cultural specialty in the kitchen-department (wink). And since seafood is such a top thing there, the prospect of fishing is extremely well-developed. If you want to get on the plain just to go fishing in a remote and demanding place, then Alaska is definitely for you. It is for pro fishers and survivors mostly, but if you want to test your luck, then, by all means, give it a go!

3. Tipping: Generally, the tipping rules of Alaska are the same as those of the other states of the US, but there are a couple of things to keep in mind. First and foremost, a restaurant tip can go up to 20% if the service was brilliant but it can also be as low as 10%. Just don’t go away without leaving a little extra as that is considered outright impolite! Secondly, bellhops and bartenders are usually tipped 1 USD; once for each “service” (bag or drink). Taxi drivers are usually tipped 10-15% but if you are feeling poorer a tad that day, you can just round up the bill and move on.

4. Accessibility: As you may have worked it out by now, Alaska is quite a harsh land: the cold is unforgiving and distances are long. It is beyond vital to understand that there are a lot of villages and settlements that are only accessible via planes or boats. If you think that you can explore Alaska only using a car, then you had better think again. Those Bear Grylls videos sure come in handy, don’t they (wink)? But don’t fret, for the natural grandeur that you are going to bask in if you choose to leave your car is going to be well worth the effort.

5. Language barriers: If Alaska is a US state, then it is as obvious as it can get that the official language there is English. However (and this is a big but), there are quite a few native tongues also spoken there and they are all accepted as official languages. These would be: Inupiat, Central Siberian Yupik, Central Alaskan Yup’ik, Alutiiq, Aleut, Dena’ina, Deg Xinag, Holikachuk, Koyukon, Upper Kuskokwim, Gwich’in, Lower Tanana, Upper Tanana, Tanacross, Hän, Ahtna, Eyak, Tlingit, Haida, and Coast Tsimshian. If you happen to dabble in either of these, you could address some of the locals with native heritage in them – they will love you for it. Of course, these people will be generally friendly and they will be happy to share their culture with visitors who take interest in their ways. If you want, just warm their hearts with a few words that even Google can help you with!

Did you enjoy our list? What experiences have you had in Alaska and what aftertaste have they left you with? Do not hesitate from hitting the comment section below and telling us all about it. See you at the next post!

Alaska

Read more about North America here

Alaska – Top 5 Facts was originally published on Freeminimaps - discover authentic experiences!

[tragedykery]

learning inuktitut syllabics is really fun but I’m not learning the language itself bc I think trying to learn inuktitut and central alaskan yup’ik at the same time would be a recipe for disaster. however I’m having the time of my life trying to spell names and sentences in other languages (english & dutch) with the syllabics, especially because the phonology (obviously) doesn’t match up with those other languages so words like “ben” and “door” become “pin” and “tuur”