#Business Valuation Services in India

[bclindia]

The Role of Internal Audit in Enhancing Organizational Resilience

In today's fast-evolving business landscape, organizations face an array of challenges that demand strategic planning, operational excellence, and a robust system of internal controls. One of the most effective tools for navigating these challenges is internal audits. As a leading chartered accountancy firm in Bangalore, BCL India specializes in helping businesses fortify their operations through comprehensive internal audit services. In this blog, we’ll explore the importance of internal audits and their critical role in enhancing organizational resilience.

Understanding the Importance of Internal Audits

The importance of internal audits cannot be overstated when it comes to building a resilient organization. Internal audits are not just a regulatory requirement but a strategic tool that ensures your company is prepared for the unexpected, whether that be economic shifts, compliance requirements, or operational risks. The internal audit process acts as an early-warning system, identifying weaknesses and inefficiencies within the organization before they can turn into serious problems.

At BCL India, we emphasize the importance of internal audits in risk management, governance, and operational efficiency. By assessing internal controls, reviewing processes, and ensuring compliance, internal audits offer actionable insights that help companies stay agile and responsive to changes in the business environment.

Benefits of Internal Audits in Organizational Resilience

When it comes to ensuring business continuity and resilience, the benefits of internal audits are far-reaching. Here are some key benefits of internal audits that can bolster your organization’s ability to withstand challenges:

Risk Identification and Mitigation: One of the primary benefits of internal audits is the ability to identify potential risks before they escalate into major issues. This can range from financial risks, like fraud, to operational risks, such as inefficiencies in production or service delivery. By addressing these risks early, businesses can protect themselves from sudden disruptions.

Strengthening Internal Controls: The internal audit process evaluates the effectiveness of a company’s internal controls. Strong internal controls are essential for preventing financial mismanagement, operational inefficiencies, and non-compliance. These controls, once strengthened, form the backbone of an organization’s resilience.

Improved Decision-Making: Internal audits provide detailed insights that empower management to make informed decisions. Whether it’s optimizing resource allocation or refining strategic goals, the information gathered through the internal audit process enables leaders to respond proactively to challenges, enhancing the overall resilience of the organization.

Ensuring Compliance: In an era of stringent regulations, staying compliant is crucial for organizational sustainability. Internal audits ensure that your company adheres to all applicable regulations, reducing the risk of legal penalties and reputational damage. This is particularly important in highly regulated sectors where non-compliance can result in significant financial losses.

Adaptability to Change: Organizations that undergo regular internal audits are more adaptable to change. By continually assessing and improving processes, these companies can respond swiftly to shifts in the market, economic downturns, or regulatory updates. This adaptability is a key component of organizational resilience.

The Internal Audit Process: A Foundation for Resilience

The internal audit process is structured to ensure a thorough review of an organization’s financial, operational, and compliance frameworks. At BCL India, our internal audit services follow a meticulous and tailored approach to suit each client’s unique business needs. Here’s an overview of our internal audit process:

Planning: In this stage, we define the audit’s scope and objectives, focusing on critical areas that impact business continuity and resilience. This helps ensure the audit targets areas where your organization is most vulnerable.

Risk Assessment: A comprehensive risk assessment is conducted to identify potential threats that could disrupt operations. This risk-based approach allows us to focus on the most pressing risks, ensuring a more resilient framework.

Data Collection and Testing: Using advanced internal audit software, we collect and analyze data to evaluate the efficiency of your internal controls and compliance with regulatory standards. The use of internal audit software makes this phase more efficient, enabling quicker detection of irregularities.

Reporting: Once the data is analyzed, we prepare a detailed report outlining the audit findings, risks, and areas for improvement. This report serves as a roadmap for strengthening internal controls and enhancing organizational resilience.

Follow-Up and Improvement: The audit doesn’t end with reporting. At BCL India, we ensure that our clients implement the necessary changes and follow up on the recommendations, further solidifying their resilience strategies.

Leveraging Internal Audit Software for Enhanced Efficiency

The use of internal audit software has revolutionized the way internal audits are conducted. At BCL India, we employ advanced internal audit software to make the auditing process faster, more accurate, and less disruptive to your daily operations.

Here are some ways internal audit software enhances the process:

Automated Data Collection: Automation speeds up data gathering, allowing auditors to focus on analysis rather than manual tasks.

Real-Time Reporting: With real-time data, audit results can be accessed and acted upon immediately, ensuring that risks are addressed as they arise.

Improved Accuracy: By reducing human error in data collection and analysis, the software ensures more accurate results, which are crucial for improving internal controls and organizational resilience.

Why Choose BCL India for Your Internal Audits?

At BCL India, we understand that resilience is key to business survival and growth. Our expert team of chartered accountants provides tailored internal audits designed to enhance your company's resilience and ensure compliance. With a proven internal audit process and cutting-edge internal audit software, we deliver insights that not only improve your current operations but also prepare you for future challenges.

Conclusion

In today’s complex business environment, building organizational resilience is not just about preparing for crises but also about continually improving and evolving. The importance of internal audits in this context is undeniable, as they play a critical role in risk mitigation, compliance, and operational efficiency. The benefits of internal audits are numerous, from identifying risks to improving decision-making processes, all of which contribute to a stronger, more resilient organization.

At BCL India, we are committed to helping businesses enhance their resilience through a comprehensive and tailored internal audit process. By leveraging the latest internal audit software, we provide our clients with the tools they need to thrive in a challenging and ever-changing business landscape.

If you’re looking to bolster your company’s resilience and safeguard your operations, contact BCL India today. Our internal audit experts are here to guide you through every step of the audit process, ensuring that your organization is prepared to face whatever comes next.

[rkassociates]

Valuation Trends: What’s Changing in the Business Valuation Landscape

The business valuation landscape is constantly evolving, influenced by market dynamics, technological advancements, and regulatory changes. As businesses seek accurate assessments of their worth, staying informed about current trends is essential. In this article, we’ll explore the key trends shaping the future of business valuation and what they mean for stakeholders.

1. Increased Emphasis on Intangible Assets

In today’s economy, intangible assets—such as brand equity, intellectual property, and customer relationships—play a pivotal role in a company’s overall value. Recent studies indicate that many businesses derive a significant portion of their value from these non-physical assets.

Implications:

Valuation Methodology: Valuers are increasingly incorporating methods that specifically address intangible assets, leading to more comprehensive and accurate valuations.

Investor Awareness: Investors are becoming more cognizant of intangible assets, prompting companies to effectively communicate their value propositions.

2. The Rise of Technology in Valuation

Technological advancements are transforming the business valuation process. From data analytics to artificial intelligence (AI), technology is streamlining the way valuations are conducted.

Implications:

Efficiency: Automation reduces the time required for data collection and analysis, allowing for quicker valuations.

Data-Driven Insights: Advanced analytics tools provide deeper insights into market trends and company performance, enhancing the accuracy of valuations.

3. Greater Focus on ESG Factors

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors are becoming increasingly important in valuation assessments. Companies that prioritize sustainability and ethical governance often enjoy enhanced reputations and, consequently, higher valuations.

Implications:

Holistic Valuation: Valuers are incorporating ESG metrics into their assessments, recognizing that sustainable practices can drive long-term profitability.

Regulatory Compliance: As regulations around ESG reporting increase, businesses must adapt their valuation strategies to account for these factors.

4. Adaptation to Market Volatility

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent economic fluctuations have highlighted the need for adaptable valuation methods. Market volatility has made it essential for businesses to reassess their worth frequently.

Implications:

Scenario Analysis: Valuers are utilizing scenario planning to account for various market conditions, providing more robust valuations.

Flexibility: Businesses are encouraged to remain agile and prepared for rapid changes in market dynamics.

5. Increasing Regulatory Scrutiny

Regulatory bodies are imposing stricter guidelines for valuations, particularly in sectors like finance and healthcare. Compliance with these regulations is becoming a key aspect of the valuation process.

Implications:

Enhanced Transparency: Companies must provide clearer documentation and rationale behind their valuations, promoting accountability.

Professional Standards: Valuers must adhere to higher professional standards, ensuring their methodologies are sound and defensible.

6. The Growing Importance of Data Privacy

As businesses collect more data for valuation purposes, data privacy concerns are becoming paramount. Companies must navigate regulations like GDPR and CCPA while maintaining accurate valuation practices.

Implications:

Compliance Measures: Businesses need to implement strict data handling policies to protect sensitive information.

Trust Building: Ensuring data privacy can enhance stakeholder trust and, by extension, company valuation.

Conclusion

The business valuation landscape is experiencing significant shifts influenced by intangible asset recognition, technological advancements, ESG considerations, market volatility, regulatory changes, and data privacy concerns. By staying abreast of these trends, businesses can adapt their valuation strategies accordingly, ensuring they accurately reflect their worth in an ever-evolving market. For stakeholders, understanding these changes is crucial for making informed decisions that drive growth and sustainability in the long run. Looking for Business Valuation services do contact here: - https://www.rkassociates.org/OurServices/viewPage/ODQ=

[rkassociatess]

Significance of Business Valuation Services

It is essential to comprehend the true value of your organization in order to guarantee its longevity and success. Business valuation services offer invaluable insights that can assist you in making informed decisions, securing funding, and fostering development. In this blog post, we will investigate the importance of business valuation in the context of your organization's success and the ways in which it can enable you to confidently pursue your objectives.

8. The Significance of Business Valuation Services

1. Accurate Assessment of the Organization's Assets

Valuation services are essential for the purpose of making informed decisions, as they provide a precise evaluation of a company's assets. This encompasses the ability to negotiate effectively with stakeholders, ensure that tangible and intangible assets are properly insured, and comprehend their value. The business proprietor is not able to make informed decisions or establish appropriate objectives by merely estimating business assets. For instance, company proprietors can negotiate effectively with potential buyers or investors and receive precise insurance coverage by comprehending company assets.

2. Comprehension of Resale Value

Knowing the resale value of your business is essential, regardless of whether you intend to sell it in the near future or several years from now. A comprehensive valuation allows you to identify strengths and deficiencies, thereby enhancing the value of your business and achieving a higher listing price when it is time to sell. Before selling, it is crucial to comprehend the value of the business, including its strengths and weaknesses. This will enable you to increase the value of the business, demonstrate a growth in valuation, and, as a result, achieve a higher listing price when the time comes to sell. Upon completion of the valuation, utilize the knowledge you have acquired to enhance profits, invest, streamline processes, reduce expenses, and increase sales.

3. Attracting Investors

A comprehensive valuation report is frequently requested by investors prior to making a financial commitment. A thorough valuation can serve as an indicator of the potential for profitability and expansion, thereby increasing the appeal of your organization to prospective investors. When investors are addressed for business investments, they frequently anticipate receiving a comprehensive company valuation report. Therefore, if you anticipate periods of severe drought or extreme company growth, it is advisable to prepare to approach investors by obtaining a comprehensive business valuation.

4. Enabling Mergers and Acquisitions

An accurate valuation is a potent negotiating instrument during mergers or acquisitions. It guarantees a fair bargain and assists in representing your company's value, assets, and growth potential. Negotiating authority is frequently derived from knowledge. When an interested party presents an offer to your business, you must be capable of precisely representing the company's value, asset withholdings, past company development, and anticipated success. Purchasing parties may acquire your business for a lower price than it is worth if they need a precise understanding of its value. Business valuation enables you to make well-informed decisions by rejecting undervalued offers or negotiating for a fair agreement.

5. Estate Planning and Succession

Succession planning and estate tax objectives necessitate valuation. It helps determine the value of the business for the purpose of gifting shares, transferring ownership, or calculating estate taxes, thereby ensuring a seamless transition and compliance with tax regulations. A business valuation can be a critical component of succession planning for numerous family-owned entities, such as family ranches. A business valuation is frequently the starting point for ensuring that the estate is managed in a manner that minimizes or avoids substantial federal estate taxes and for structuring a plan that treats family members equitably.

6. Dispute Resolution

Business valuations are frequently required to resolve disputes concerning shareholder disagreements, matrimonial dissolutions, or buy-sell agreements. An equitable foundation for negotiations and settlements is established by an objective valuation. A comprehensive valuation is frequently necessary to substantiate or substantiate the claims of either party in the context of shareholder conflicts, which encompass business or share values, dividend distributions, and remuneration. The resolution of such conflicts is a common reason for requesting a business valuation. In an ideal world, there would be no disputes among stockholders. In an effort to forestall litigation, organizations frequently require shareholders to execute agreements that delineate the dispute resolution process. Nevertheless, an assessment of the organization may be necessary to resolve the matter, even if legal action is not pursued.

7. Obtaining Financing

Applications for financing or loans may be bolstered by a comprehensive valuation report. It enhances the likelihood of securing the requisite funds by providing lenders with a comprehensive comprehension of the business's financial health and value. Prospective fund seekers require accurate valuations to entice investors or lenders by offering a comprehensive comprehension of investment risks and growth potential.

8. Performance Tracking and Benchmarking

Regular valuations facilitate the monitoring of a company's performance and development over time. This benchmarking against industry standards can pinpoint areas for strategic planning and development, thereby guaranteeing long-term success. Strategic decision-making is facilitated by the insights obtained from valuations, which offer a comprehensive comprehension of the strengths and vulnerabilities of the business. They assist in the assessment of growth opportunities, the efficient allocation of resources, and the development of investment strategies.

In conclusion,

Business valuation services are essential for the purpose of making informed decisions, attracting investors, planning for the future, and ensuring fair transactions. By comprehending the genuine value of your organization, you can establish achievable objectives, enhance operations, and achieve greater financial prosperity. 

[magasservices02]

https://www.magas.services/

A Service Media pioneer, MAGAS integrates Lead Generation and Services Delivery at your desktop to gain momentum for your transactional Business and your Professional leadership. We elevate your business through moderated content and increase business presence with our powerful "Service Media" platform to gain market traction and drive profitability.

[sustainedge56]

Optimizing Efficiency and Accuracy: The Advantages of Outsourcing AP and AR Services to Experts

In the realm of financial management, Accounts Payable (AP) and Accounts Receivable (AR) play pivotal roles in ensuring smooth cash flow and operational efficiency. For businesses striving to maximize their financial performance, outsourcing AP and AR services to experts offers a range of benefits that can drive growth and profitability. Let’s delve into why outsourcing these critical functions is a strategic move for businesses of all sizes.

Focus on Core Competencies

Managing AP and AR processes internally can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, diverting valuable attention away from core business functions. Outsourcing to experts allows businesses to focus on their core competencies, driving innovation and growth.

Expertise and Experience

Outsourcing AP and AR services provides access to a team of experienced professionals with expertise in financial management. These experts are well-versed in industry best practices, regulatory compliance, and optimizing cash flow, leading to improved efficiency and accuracy.

Cost Savings

Outsourcing AP and AR functions can result in significant cost savings for businesses. By eliminating overhead costs associated with hiring and training internal staff, businesses can reduce expenses while maintaining high-quality financial services.

Scalability and Flexibility

Outsourcing offers scalability and flexibility, allowing businesses to adjust resources according to fluctuating workloads and seasonal demands. This agility ensures that AP and AR processes remain efficient and responsive to business needs.

Technology Integration

Outsourcing partners often leverage advanced technologies and automation tools to streamline AP and AR processes. This integration enhances accuracy, reduces errors, and provides real-time visibility into financial data, enabling informed decision-making.

By partnering with a trusted outsourcing provider, businesses can unlock the full potential of their AP and AR functions. Our tailored solutions, industry expertise, and commitment to excellence empower businesses to optimize efficiency, reduce costs, and achieve sustainable financial growth.

Are you ready to elevate your financial management and drive business success? Discover the benefits of outsourcing AP and AR services to experts with Sustainable BPO. Let us help you streamline your financial processes, improve cash flow, and achieve long-term profitability. Contact us today to learn more and embark on a journey towards financial excellence.

[felixadvisory]

Expert Business and Company Valuation Services | Felix Advisory

Benefit from our comprehensive business valuation services in India at Felix Advisory. Our expert team offers precise company valuation solutions alongside strategic business advisory services tailored to your specific needs.

[akgvgassociates]

Accounting in business & finance: An overview

The evolution of trade, business, and commerce has resulted in the constant growth and sophistication of the financial world. Accounting, the language of finance, has been established due to realizing the need to maintain a written record of every commercial transaction. Read More:  Accounting in business & finance: An overview

[kapsoindia]

Why Professional and Detailed Business Valuation is Important for a Corporation?

Corporate shareholders can plan taxes, mergers and acquisitions, purchases, revenues, fundraising, charitable contributions, legal action, and much more with the aid of valuation. The significance of a tax reporting firm is essential for compliance with tax legislation. Benefits to enterprises for tax purposes shall include divestitures, buyouts, changes in shareholdings, capital gains, and more.

[rkassociatesvaluers]

"We as 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗽𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗩𝗮𝗹𝘂𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗧𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗻𝗼 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘀, and 𝗔𝗱𝘃𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗿𝘆 & 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗚𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗽 assure Banks. Financial Institutions & Businesses that are in pursuit of India’s growth story, we are committed to standing with you throughout this journey as your support system and 𝗘𝘆𝗲 & 𝗘𝗮𝗿 by providing world-class reporting services based on which you can make wise & informed business decisions"

- 𝗦𝗵𝗿𝗶 𝗥.𝗞 𝗔𝗴𝗮𝗿𝘄𝗮𝗹, 𝗖𝗠𝗗, 𝗥.𝗞 𝗔𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗰𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀

[bclindia]

Business Valuation Services in India | Valuation of Companies

BCL India offers expert Business Valuation Services. Trust our professionals to accurately assess your business's worth and make informed decisions. The Business Valuation is the process of determining the economic value of a business or company. It is both an art and a science, as it requires a combination of financial analysis, industry knowledge and professional judgement.

Website: https://bclindia.in/business-valuation-services/

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Statutory Audit in Delhi | Transfer Pricing Audit in New Delhi.

Statutory Audit in Delhi, Transfer Pricing Audit in New Delhi, Grant Audit in India, USAID Audit in India, Income Tax Audit in India, Due Diligence Services in India, Business Valuation process etc.

[ashishaggarwalacubeventures]

7 Facts You Must Know Regarding Startups In 2023

You are saying that you have a burning inkling that you think could transform the world in any way? Oh, you are desiring about earning millions or even billions of dollars by launching a business around this boiling idea? Then you could probably be the father of a Startup.

Industry professional, Ashish Aggarwal, CEO of Acube Ventures insinuates that Startups are prominent business prototype that steers invention and economic promotion across the world. An exotic set of products and services are established by startups each year. They are the articulation of imaginative and ambitious entrepreneurs who have remarkable ideas.

India has evolved to be the third-largest startup ecological community in the world after the US and China. The first Unicorn was seen in India in 2011, and almost after a decade in 2022, India crossed the mark of 100 Unicorns. The bragging of 100 Unicorns is not an ordinary affair, and that is why the startup ecosystem is flinging in joy and bulging with dignity.

"Startups in India have grown remarkably over the last six years.

The number of newly recognised startups around the world has heightened to over 14,000 in 2021-22 from only 733 in 2016-17, a survey said.

When someone says the word “startup”, we usually instantly think of diverse triumph stories and exponential business expansion. However, in actuality, not all startups are prosperous. We usually only hear about the winners, and that is one-sided information that doesn’t tell the entire story. Everyone wants to listen to favourable achievement anecdotes, but you need to know all of the details if you want your startup to prosper.

Mr Ashish Aggarwal, an Industry Expert and Consultant has laid out 7 most crucial details about startups, including statistics, facts, and trends that will help you give a decent awareness of the universal startup landscape:

1. Dispersion of startups worldwide as per industry - 7.2% of the startups in the world function in the Fintech industry which is followed by the healthcare sector with 6.9%, Artificial intelligence with 4.9%, Gaming industry with 4.7%, Adtech commerce with 3.2%, and Edtech sector with 2.9%. Even though there isn’t entirely accurate data about enterprise dispersion, it’s clear that contemporary startups gravitate more towards the online network, cyberspace, the internet and digital technologies. With this information, we can also discern which industry is adequate for startups at the moment.

2. The valuation of E-Commerce revenues globally is approximately $3.5 trillion - E-Commerce is one out of the most prominent industries for young startups with rapid growth expected in the future. The next enterprise in line is “FinTech” i.e. Financial technology. Another huge focus of new startups is cybersecurity. These companies realize how crucial online security will be in the future. FoodTech combines food and technology and is another famous enterprise for startups. With over $16 billion of investments in 2018, EdTech is coming to be another outstanding startup industry that provides educational technology remedies to people worldwide.

3. Over 68% of startup businesses started as home businesses - The idea has to commence somewhere and form posture. Even though maximum startups don’t have the integral allocation at the onslaught to insulate office expenses, they can launch their operations from home.

4. The ‘sharing economy market' is expected to cross a total revenue of $335 billion by 2025 - In just a matter of a few years, sharing economy startups namely, Airbnb and Uber have grown exponentially and solidified a global existence. At the moment, Airbnb is valued at $24 billion, and Uber is worth $50 billion. In 2014, the total revenue of market sales was $17 billion, which means that in just eight years, the projected earnings of this market grew more than 20 times.

5. AI is presently the most profitable innovation technology -Over 63℅ of entrepreneurs agree that AI, not just presently but for at least the next 10 years is the most prominent technology. The tracts of this technology with the highest potential are autonomous transportation and huge data. Even though these two sectors are already making strides, it’s anticipated that they will flourish substantially in the close future.

6. ByteDance is valued at over $350 billion - The most profitable unicorn company in the world, ByteDance (China) is a tech company that owns Tiktok. There are presently 1000+ Unicorn companies around the world. However, the maximum of them is tracked down in China or the United States.

7. 95% of entrepreneurs that establish startups have at least a bachelor’s degree - Many people claim that education isn’t significant. They talk about Mark Zuckerberg and Elon Musk as instances. However, the majority of the people who birthed the world’s most triumphant startups have a higher education.

Ashish Aggarwal aspires to watch numerous Indian Startup Parents succeed in their entrepreneurial endeavours, which is why he shares his invaluable insights about startups. According to him, The startup industry will persist to be the driving component for global innovation and business development for many years. Nonetheless, companies must learn how to adapt to trends while being endurable and productive so that more startups can withstand the dynamic business environment.

[besttradingplatform1]

Upcoming IPOs in India 2023

The IPO is an Initial Public Offer in which companies offer their privately held shares to the public for the first time, i.e, they sell their shares to the public. Companies that wish to change their company status from Private Limited to Limited must draft a DRHP with SEBI. Here is the list of upcoming IPOs in the year 2023:

S.No

Company

Issue Size (in Rs. Crores)

Sector

1.

Infinion Biopharma

Yet to be updated

Health Care

2.

Go Airlines India Ltd.

3,600

Aviation

3.

Snapdeal Ltd.

1,250 + OFS

E-commerce

4.

Skanray Technologies Ltd.

400

Healthcare technology

5.

One Mobikwik Systems Ltd

1,900

Technology

6.

Ixigo

1,600

Travel & Hospitality

7.

Sterlite Power Transmissions Ltd.

1,250

Industrials

8.

Gemini Edibles and Fats

2,500

Consumer Staples

9.

Bajaj Energy

5,450

Electric utilities

10.

Arohan Financial Services Pvt Ltd.

1,800

Financials

11.

Capillary Technologies India Ltd.

850

Technology

12.

Uma Converter Limited

Yet to be updated

Packaging

13.

Emcure pharmaceuticals

Around 4,500-5,000

Health Care

Here are some factors you should consider before investing in an IPO:

Company’s background: Before investing in any IPO, look for the company’s past background, and understand its business model and how it is operated. Also, look for their financials. It would be a good investment if revenues and profits are increasing consistently.

Valuation: Another factor is to check the company’s valuation. The best way to assess a company's valuation is to compare its price to that of its listed peers. Look for various ratios like price-to-earnings ratio, return on equity, etc.

Future prospects: Now try to understand the reason behind the IPO. And also understand the industry and business in detail to make sure it will sustain itself in the future. Also, the reason behind bringing the IPO can be many, so try to understand whether the money will be used for expansion, paying off loans or anything else.

Conclusion IPOs have rarely seen such strong investor demand as they have in recent years. According to data, the total collection for IPOs has well surpassed the INR 100 lakh crore mark this year. With less than a month until the end of the year, investors may see similar investor participation in upcoming IPOs.

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