#Biopsychosocial

[healingwgabs]

I've always been pro self-diagnosis... unless you're a hypochondriac, in which case DO NOT self-diagnose, u DO NOT have that thing!!!

[beyond-mogai-pride-flags]

Cisandrogynous Pride Flag

[ID: 5 horizontal stripes of violet, grey, lighter gray, grey, and indigo. En ID.]

Cisandrogyny or cisdrogyny: ascribing cisgender androgyny; individuals experiencing ones assigned gender and an androgynous identity (cisandrogyne/cisdrogyne) and/or presentation (cisdrogynous).

It could be psychological, biological, cultural or social androgyny.

[healingwgabs]

Therapy is also really unaffordable for many people. I think in circumstances where you aren't able to really afford therapy and r attending, it can create the conditions where you wind up resenting it n begin presenting with other symptoms that arise from financial strain (which mimic depression and anxiety) as a direct result of it

if only our government viewed and prioritized mental health care the same as our physical health care and extended/funded health care to include both in the same way.. you know rather than spending 4.6 on oil thats destroying our planet, the one we all share

[eiretearoa]

Brief thoughts on good preparation for surgery

Readers might have noticed a brief break in my usual posting: (1) I have had covid with an extended time needed to recovery (moral of that story: keep your vaccinations current! I did and I still ended up with post-covid fatigue); and (2) last week I had bilateral cataract surgery and yes, it’s good and yes it’s still weird. Whatever, I have had a break from my series on trauma and I promise…

[wellandable]

Neurocentric Approach to Mechanical Pain - DNM in Vancouver, BC April 4-6, 2025

It is a two-and-a-half-day workshop that will teach the philosophy, methods and techniques of DNM, which stands for Dermoneuromodulating. The course aims to help people understand pain and the nervous system and includes a hands-on, practical application.

Introducing DNM: Unlocking the Potential of Dermoneuromodulation. Are you an RMT looking to expand your skills, enhance your practice, and deliver exceptional results to your clients? Look no further; we are thrilled to present an exclusive opportunity for RMTs in beautiful Golden, BC, at 806 10th Ave S! DNM: The Complete Integration of Philosophy, Method, and Techniques We are excited to introduce DNM, Dermoneuromodulation, a groundbreaking approach that can revolutionize how you treat your clients. Led by the esteemed Michael Reoch, RMT, our course will take you through the philosophy, method, and techniques of DNM, empowering you to achieve remarkable outcomes for your clients. Why DNM? Unleash Your Full Potential DNM is not just another technique; it's a comprehensive system that allows you to go beyond the ordinary and create profound changes in your client's well-being. Whether you are a seasoned practitioner or a fresh face in the industry, DNM has something unique to offer: 1. Holistic Philosophy: By understanding the intricate connections between the person, the dermis, the nervous system, and the musculoskeletal system, DNM gives you a holistic perspective that can lead to lasting results. 2. Effective Method: DNM revolves around the concept of gentle, intentional touch. This helps you establish a deep connection with your clients and facilitates the body's natural healing mechanisms. It also ensures that each treatment is uniquely designed for your client's needs. 3. Incorporate your already established Techniques: From myofascial release to neural mobilization, positional release, and sensory integration, DNM equips you with a robust philosophy of care that you can apply to your favourite techniques. This allows you to address a wide range of conditions and deliver exceptional outcomes that resonate with your clients. About Michael Reoch, RMT: You Instructor Leading this transformative course is none other than Michael Reoch, an RMT with extensive experience in DNM. Michael's passion for teaching and commitment to excellence have made him a trusted name in the industry. His expertise and dedication will ensure you receive the highest quality education and guidance throughout the course. Join Us in Vancouver, BC: Beautiful Surroundings for a Transformative Experience

Don't Miss Out - Secure Your Spot Today: Click the link below!

In the field of Manual Therapy, there are many techniques used to treat people in pain. These techniques involve pushing, pulling, and twisting skin and soft tissue. DNM uses techniques that change the state of the nervous system in the skin, spinal cord and brain to make it less painful and reactive.

Studies have demonstrated that touch has significant psychological and physiological impacts, with the nervous system regulating these effects. To effectively use Manual Therapy as a pain treatment, it's important to comprehend pain physiology through a social, biological, and psychological perspective. Research has indicated that establishing a non-threatening treatment environment for the patient is vital.

The skin is closely tied to the nervous system, which makes up around 2% of our body weight but uses 20% of our O2 and glucose at all times. Nerves do not respond well to sustained mechanical deformation, specifically compression and stretch. Dermoneuromodulating is a method that considers the nervous system of the patient to treat from "skin cell to sense of self." Techniques are usually light, and holds are slow.

DNM is a form of personalized manual care that targets nervous system signals to reduce discomfort and pain. This approach involves collaboration between therapist and patient to alleviate tenderness and improve well-being. Regardless of the damage in the affected area, DNM can effectively reduce pain.

The term DNM Stands for Dermo (skin), Neuro (nervous system) Modulation (a change from one state to another). It is a method of manual therapy/massage therapy used to change the state of the nervous system from a painful hyperactive state to a less painful and reactive one through receptors in the skin.

In Manual Therapy (MT), hundreds of techniques and methods attempt to approach treating people in pain. These maneuvers' speed, duration and force may differ, but the underlying mechanistic effects all follow the same rules. They can all agree that we push, pull and twist skin directly and soft tissue indirectly.

Lately, there has been considerable growth in research around the mechanisms of massage and other manual therapies, with a drift into the neuroscience involved in pain.

Two processes seem to be apparent when we look at the research: 

First, the effects of touch have strong psychological and physiological effects. 

The nervous system controls these effects. 

If we use Manual Therapy as a treatment for pain resolution, we should look at understanding pain physiology within a social, biological and psychological framework. 

What we know from studying the non-specific effects of physical medicine is that we should strive for a treatment environment that creates the least amount of threat to the person being treated; therefore, We should act, dress and keep the treatment space in a way that won’t put the patient on the defensive. 

We know that we touch the skin primarily in manual therapy and that the skin is intimately tied into the nervous system embryologically as both arrive from the ectoderm. 

We know that the Nervous System makes up around 2% of our body by weight but uses 20% of our O2 and Glucose at all times.

The nervous system carries impulses from the peripheral (and from within), which are processed in the spinal cord and Brain to create an output response. If the impulses are deemed dangerous enough, the output is pain. 

We know that pain is a complex process that depends on contextual, psychological and biological factors that mostly happen without our conscious perception and that pain can’t happen without a nervous system. 

The human body has 72 kilometres of nerves, intimately connected to the vascular system millimetre by millimetre.

Nerves do not respond well to sustained mechanical deformation, specifically, compression more than stretch.

Dermoneuromodulating is a method that attempts to take these facts as an underlying framework for an interactive, hands-on approach to treating the experience of pain. It considers the nervous system of the patient to treat from “skin cell to sense of self.” Techniques are usually light, and holds are slow. Limbs and trunk are positioned to affect deeper nerve structures in combination with skin stretch. This is done to potentially shorten and widen a nerve's container, thus reducing mechanical deformation of the nerve. 

DNM is a method of manual care that puts the patient and their needs first. Instead of operating a recipe treatment, the treatment is an interaction between the patient and the therapist. The therapist and patient work together to find the areas that need attention and remove the tenderness and pain felt in that area. The focus is on changing the signalling within the nervous system to decrease discomfort. Pain does not happen in the muscles and other tissue but in the nervous system itself; therefore, whether or not the area of pain is damaged, we can reduce that pain with DNM.

[nursingucgconferences]

"Abstracts: Unlocking Knowledge, Bridging Minds" Abstracts play a vital role in disseminating knowledge, facilitating communication, and advancing research, submit an abstract at the 14th World Healthcare, Hospital Management, Nursing, and Patient Safety Conference from July 25-27, 2024 in Holiday Inn Dubai, UAE & Virtual. Submit Here:  https://nursing.universeconferences.com/submit-abstract/ WhatsApp us: https://wa.me/442033222718?text= Abstract submission Deadline is April 30th, 2024.

[healingwgabs]

I find this notion to be harmful if it's done in the absence of advocating for transformational change n government policies (ie safety nets). How you vote and viewing others more holistically really matters. It's important that while we do pull on and acknowledge ppl's strengths and resilience (ie. post-traumatic growth) we also acknowledge that we live in a society, with government systems and structures (the "isms"). While I do understand that the latter is contentious, it is a vital component of each and every human...

Inspired by @revelatori on Instagram ✨

[socialmediaqueenz]

The Bio-psychosocial

The Biopsychosocial model is a comprehensive approach to understanding health and illness that takes into account biological, psychological, and social factors.

Biological factors: Biological factors refer to physiological and genetic makeup.

. Psychological factors: Psychological factors involve emotional and cognitive state.

. Social factors: Social factors encompass environment, relationships, and cultural background.

[unofficialchronicle]

On the Biopsychosocial Model

The Biopsychosocial model was first conceptualised by George Engel in 1977, suggesting that to understand a person's medical condition it is not simply the biological factors to consider, but also the psychological and social factors [1].

Bio (physiological pathology)

Psycho (thoughts emotions and behaviours such as psychological distress, fear/avoidance beliefs, current coping methods and attribution)

Social (socio-economical, socio-environmental, and cultural factors suchs as work issues, family circumstances and benefits/economics)

This model is commonly used in chronic pain,[2] with the view that the pain is a psychophysiological behaviour pattern that cannot be categorised into biological, psychological, or social factors alone. There are suggestions that physiotherapy should integrate psychological treatment to address all components comprising the experience of chronic pain.  

link: https://www.physio-pedia.com/Biopsychosocial_Model

[extreamemusicalchairs]

The lesser known slipknot song bioosychosocial

[storyvoice]

Why We Get Addicted

Think about an experience that makes you feel good. It could be successfully completing a project at work, eating a warm chocolate chip cookie or taking a swig of whiskey. It could be a puff of a cigarette or a shopping trip. A dose of Vicodin or a hit of heroin. Those experiences don’t automatically lead to addiction. So, what makes a particular habit or substance an addiction? What propels…

[drsixto]

Check out the new blog post! You will always find useful information from the House of Holistic Wellness!

[healingwgabs]

Reactive Abuse and Medical gaslighting

pathologizing someone’s reaction to abuse is called reactive abuse… calling someone “crazy” or being labelled as having anger issues when the reality is that you're having appropriate expected normal reactions that make sense given the circumstance ... or getting misdiagnosed or being labelled w an externalizing style of BPD (petulant/impulsive) as a response to abuse (ie. narcissistic abuse) is one of many ways reactive abuse can manifest

Clinical discernment is so important in these cases, is it your environment thats creates these "symptoms" or is it pathology?? If a person is taken out of an environment (a toxic one), which ppl who are often diagnosed with BPD are from and currently still in, would they still be exhibiting these symptoms if placed in a healthier environment... its for these reasons thats transformative social justice is so important too.. the personal is always political. The stance that one's environment creates disability (in this case mental health pathology) can not only be applied to encourage critical thinking towards bpd diagnosis but to other mental health disabilities too like depression but to also advocate for necessary changes in broader society within policies n our government (broader safety nets) we also see this a lot with right-wing ppl calling ppl on the "left" unhinged for having justified appropriate reactions when those more vulnerable to them r being abused, disrespected, and having their rights and protections taken away

[eiretearoa]

Trauma: where do we go with it? (1)

It’s hard to go anywhere on the interwebs without encountering something about ‘trauma-informed’ care/therapy/treatment and chronic/persisting pain management is no exception. This is the first of a series on my thoughts (based on research!) about trauma and chronic pain. Today I’ll very briefly define trauma as it’s typically used in this context, and touch on some of what research suggests is…

[wellandable]

Neurocentric Approach to Mechanical Pain - DNM in Vancouver, BC

It is a two-and-a-half-day workshop that will teach the philosophy, methods and techniques of DNM, which stands for Dermoneuromodulating. The course aims to help people understand pain and the nervous system and includes a hands-on, practical application.

Introducing DNM: Unlocking the Potential of Dermoneuromodulation. Are you an RMT looking to expand your skills, enhance your practice, and deliver exceptional results to your clients? Look no further; we are thrilled to present an exclusive opportunity for RMTs in beautiful Golden, BC, at 806 10th Ave S! DNM: The Complete Integration of Philosophy, Method, and Techniques We are excited to introduce DNM, also known as Dermoneuromodulation, a groundbreaking approach that can revolutionize how you treat your clients. Led by the esteemed Michael Reoch, RMT, our course will take you through the philosophy, method, and techniques of DNM, empowering you to achieve remarkable outcomes for your clients. Why DNM? Unleash Your Full Potential DNM is not just another technique; it's a comprehensive system that allows you to go beyond the ordinary and create profound changes in your client's well-being. Whether you are a seasoned practitioner or a fresh face in the industry, DNM has something unique to offer: 1. Holistic Philosophy: By understanding the intricate connections between the person, the dermis, the nervous system, and the musculoskeletal system, DNM gives you a holistic perspective that can lead to lasting results. 2. Effective Method: DNM revolves around the concept of gentle, intentional touch, helping you establish a deep connection with your clients and facilitating the body's natural healing mechanisms, ensuring that each treatment is uniquely designed for your client's needs. 3. Incorporate your already established Techniques: From myofascial release to neural mobilization, positional release, and sensory integration, DNM equips you with a robust philosophy of care that you can apply to your favourite techniques, allowing you to address a wide range of conditions and deliver exceptional outcomes that resonate with your clients. About Michael Reoch, RMT: You Instructor Leading this transformative course is none other than Michael Reoch, an RMT with extensive experience in DNM. Michael's passion for teaching and commitment to excellence have made him a trusted name in the industry. His expertise and dedication will ensure you receive the highest quality education and guidance throughout the course. Join Us in Kamloops, BC: Beautiful Surroundings for a Transformative Experience

Don't Miss Out - Secure Your Spot Today: Click the link below!

In the field of Manual Therapy, there are many techniques used to treat people in pain. These techniques involve pushing, pulling, and twisting skin and soft tissue. DNM uses techniques that change the state of the nervous system in the skin, spinal cord and brain to make it less painful and reactive.

Studies have demonstrated that touch has significant psychological and physiological impacts, with the nervous system regulating these effects. To effectively use Manual Therapy as a pain treatment, it's important to comprehend pain physiology through a social, biological, and psychological perspective. Research has indicated that establishing a non-threatening treatment environment for the patient is vital.

The skin is closely tied to the nervous system, which makes up around 2% of our body weight but uses 20% of our O2 and glucose at all times. Nerves do not respond well to sustained mechanical deformation, specifically compression and stretch. Dermoneuromodulating is a method that considers the nervous system of the patient to treat from "skin cell to sense of self." Techniques are usually light, and holds are slow.

DNM is a form of personalized manual care that targets nervous system signals to reduce discomfort and pain. This approach involves collaboration between therapist and patient to alleviate tenderness and improve well-being. Regardless of the damage in the affected area, DNM can effectively reduce pain.

The term DNM Stands for Dermo (skin), Neuro (nervous system) Modulation (a change from one state to another). It is a method of manual therapy/massage therapy used to change the state of the nervous system from a painful hyperactive state to a less painful and reactive one through receptors in the skin.

In Manual Therapy (MT), hundreds of techniques and methods attempt to approach treating people in pain. These maneuvers' speed, duration and force may differ, but the underlying mechanistic effects all follow the same rules. They can all agree that we push, pull and twist skin directly and soft tissue indirectly.

Lately, there has been considerable growth in research around the mechanisms of massage and other manual therapies, with a drift into the neuroscience involved in pain.

Two processes seem to be apparent when we look at the research: 

First, the effects of touch have strong psychological and physiological effects. 

The nervous system controls these effects. 

If we use Manual Therapy as a treatment for pain resolution, we should look at understanding pain physiology within a social, biological and psychological framework. 

What we know from studying the non-specific effects of physical medicine is that we should strive for a treatment environment that creates the least amount of threat to the person being treated; therefore, We should act, dress and keep the treatment space in a way that won’t put the patient on the defensive. 

We know that we touch the skin primarily in manual therapy and that the skin is intimately tied into the nervous system embryologically as both arrive from the ectoderm. 

We know that the Nervous System makes up around 2% of our body by weight but uses 20% of our O2 and Glucose at all times.

The nervous system carries impulses from the peripheral (and from within), which are processed in the spinal cord and Brain to create an output response. If the impulses are deemed dangerous enough, the output is pain. 

We know that pain is a complex process that depends on contextual, psychological and biological factors that mostly happen without our conscious perception and that pain can’t happen without a nervous system. 

The human body has 72 kilometres of nerves, intimately connected to the vascular system millimetre by millimetre.

Nerves do not respond well to sustained mechanical deformation, specifically, compression more than stretch.

Dermoneuromodulating is a method that attempts to take these facts as an underlying framework for an interactive, hands-on approach to treating the experience of pain. It considers the nervous system of the patient to treat from “skin cell to sense of self.” Techniques are usually light, and holds are slow. Limbs and trunk are positioned to affect deeper nerve structures in combination with skin stretch. This is done to potentially shorten and widen a nerve's container, thus reducing mechanical deformation of the nerve. 

DNM is a method of manual care that puts the patient and their needs first. Instead of operating a recipe treatment, the treatment is an interaction between the patient and the therapist. The therapist and patient work together to find the areas that need attention and remove the tenderness and pain felt in that area. The focus is on changing the signalling within the nervous system to decrease discomfort. Pain does not happen in the muscles and other tissue but in the nervous system itself; therefore, whether or not the area of pain is damaged, we can reduce that pain with DNM.

[jcsmicasereports]

A contemporary clinical reasoning and multi-dimensional approach of Lower back pain management by Dr. Sarma S.T in Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences

ABSTRACT

The incidence rate of low back pain (LBP) is expanding in every clinical context as it is a common musculoskeletal illness affecting the overall population although the frequency of back pain and functional impairment increasing with age. This leads to tremendous strain as it represents one of the leading causes for growing disability and major socioeconomic burden in almost every healthcare system globally thus an efficient back pain management strategy is an urgent priority. This review is to outline the common causes, associated risk factors, clinical presentation and contemporary clinical reasoning including multi-dimensions of pain aspects to assess the patients with low back pain for achieving the precise clinical decision making as it would be a provision to implement potential tactics to lower the socioeconomic burden of this musculoskeletal disorder on the healthcare service providers.

Keywords: Biopsychosocial model, Clinical decision making, Diagnostic triage, Evidence-based practice, Lower back pain

INTRODUCTION

Lower back pain is a collective musculoskeletal illness affecting the overall population although frequency of back pain and dysfunction take place with aging. The previous research advocates that LBP occurrence increasingly takes place with aging and incidence may be recognized to work-related physical activities too. Population-based studies have indicated that LBP remains global concern thus it challenges every nation. The occurrence of LBP is 84%[1] as this common condition affecting individual at some point in their live consequently seen in both primary and tertiary care clinical settings. Moreover, the 1-year prevalence of LBP in aging people range from 13 to 50% similarly, up to 80%[2] experience this substantial musculoskeletal pain and follow long-term healthcare facility. If the LBP continues more than three months, this is considered to be as chronic lower back pain but there are number of studies advocate that chronic pain is lasting beyond the expected natural healing time period and neglecting the timeline-based classification. The differential diagnosis is crucial as it provides the underlying pathological causes because LBP is a disease not a symptom. The back pain represents one of the leading causes globally for growing number of disability and major socioeconomic burden in almost every healthcare system. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study evaluation revealed that LBP accountable for many years patient lived with disability[3]. Another study estimated that approximately 97% of people experience back pain at some time in their life while around 62% is mechanical nature or non-specific but between 5 and 10% of cases [4] develops chronic LBP then it seems to be the primary focus on seeking health care services. This eventually leads to a wider-range of negative consequences not only individual suffering from LBP but also causing negative impact on national levels. It minimizes the person’s quality of life due to personal suffering and subsequent economic impact on health care system. In the long run, LBP leads to disability in the working population and severely impacts on their productivity subsequently loss their working days. The resultant cost and absenteeism from work along with LBP is a serious social concern.[5] The LBP has a wider-range of potential etiologies and the LBP symptomatology can be overlapped each other also depend on the patient population but among the mechanical nature and non-specific causes are most common. However, successful outcomes of LBP are dependent on precise differential diagnosis. It can be reached by detailed clinical history taking, knowledge of the regional anatomy, precise understanding of the pathology comprehensive physical examination and diagnostic studies.[6] A number of clinical guidelines show that potential success of conservative management for LBP approximately 70% [7] although in certain cases are required surgical intervention. Thus, the efficient LBP management strategy is an urgent priority as the alarming rate of socioeconomic burden of this musculoskeletal disorder for nearly all healthcare service providers in every nation in worldwide.

ETIOLOGY

There is a wider-range of potential causative factors for developing LBP in every population although these etiologies depend on the patient’s medical history, examination and investigation. However, it is advocated that commonly mechanical or non-specific nature of LBP and among a large incidence of mechanical back pain due to lumbago, paraspinal hypertonicity, degenerative disease, facet joint and sacroiliac joint dysfunction while disc prolapse, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, malignancy, nerve root compression, canal stenosis and infection are all part of the differential diagnostic procedure.[8] Even though the majority of back pain is mechanical or non-specific nature and somewhere 12-33% [9] of people experience back pain due to either a true red flag like caudaequina syndrome then it need to be the immediate focus on medical management. At present, a growing number of researches contend that the pain occurs because of other aspect like cognitive behavioral factors, thus this dimension must be taken into the back pain diagnostic procedures. Differentiating the nociceptive pain from neuropathic pain and psychogenic pain is an essential step to make precise differential diagnosis as it is a high priority before initiating any therapeutic approaches.[10] The important trait of LBP management is identification of red flags to avoid delay of appropriate intervention and ensure patient safety.[11] It is vital to have comprehensive understand on clinical presentation of individual back pain cases and identifying the typical red flags associated with back pain such as loss of neurological functions, bowel or bladder incontinence and sleep disturbance could help to establish optimistic therapeutic management. There are several interventional approaches are being applied to cure the lower back pain suffering though the recent research report reveals that the majority of back pain cases resolve naturally with certain time duration.[12]

RISK FACTORS

A greater number of studies claimed that varying evidence related to job demands such as lifting and twisting with weight, ethnicity, genetic predisposing factors and mental health issues are all associated with higher risk of back pain although there is a few evidence provided that women have a greater risk of lower back pain.[13] A recent cross-sectional study claimed that there is strong correlation between lower back pain and obesity have a strong relationship as obesity is one of the risk factor to develop back pain subsequent functional disability. However, it is contended that the incidence rate of lower back pain is high when there is high chance of psychological issues.[14] In addition to that this study postulated that there is high prevalence of lower back pain among people with sedentary lifestyle thus they conclude that physical activity help significantly to decrease lower back pain perception. The varying level literature evidence and the lack of a homogenous definition of back pain lead to challenge for clinicians to have definitive conclusion in related to back pain scenarios though the global survey testify that it is varied geographically.[15]

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

The type of pain can be classified easily in case of having clear picture of mechanism of injury like bruise of skin or broken bone unfortunately there are some type of pain mechanism seems to be vague particularly incase of chronic lower back pain. The lower back pain is classified as acute when it persists for up to six weeks period and it is considered as sub-acute when it is prolonged for up to three months. If the pain is persisted beyond three months is considered as chronic lower back pain because 3 months period is commonly required to natural healing.[16] The back pain is usually defined as local pain, spasmodic muscle tenderness between below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds with or without having leg symptoms. The acute lower back pain is often occurred as the result of tissue injuries and patients suffer from acute back pain are unlikely to follow medical care because acute pain gets better on their own or with conservative treatment. The majority of cases are non-specific and this non-specific chronic lower back pain management needs a huge financial burden to every healthcare system globally. The diagnosis and treatment for patients with low back pain have variation within and between country’s clinical practice guidelines.[17]

CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS

The clinical history taking and comprehensive clinical examination are the most important tools for assessing lower back pain to narrow down the potential root causes of lower back pain subsequently arriving precise differential diagnosis.[18] The goal of diagnosis in lower back pain is to describe the root causative factor of anatomic pain unambiguously as possible also concentrating on wisely classified clinical subgroups with the understanding of pain nature. This is essential to organize the appropriate clinical questions, active listening and mapping out the location of the lower back pain. These are the key areas in the medical history taking helps to identify the present pain location and any changes since its onset.[11] Also it is needed to find out easing and aggravating of pain factors because these are important keys to arrive a precise differential diagnosis. Thus, it is essential for clinicians to have clear understanding on the difference between somatic and visceral pain nature. However, if pain does not fit to any known diagnostic profile there may be other factors like psycho-social issues need to be considered.[19]

INTERVENTIONS

The biopsychosocial model has pragmatic clinical care guide to achieve potential prognosis among the chronic musculoskeletal pain cases. Unfortunately, the majority of healthcare providers follow the biomedical focused clinical practice. This approach relies on the structural model as it is generally assumed that the cornerstone of musculoskeletal pain management is governed by the structural changes in the human body.[21] However, the biopsychosocial model focuses on both biomedical element and potential psychological and social effect to analysis individual patient’s back pain. This would help to achieve the optimistic clinical outcomes with shared-clinical decision making with patient ideas, expectations and concerns rather than solely on clinician’s decision. According to the Institute of Pain Medicine, chronic musculoskeletal pain has been acknowledged as association of nervous system instead of completely relies on structural changes.[22]

CONCLUSION

Biopsychosocial model is concentrated a lot of effects on pain related psychosocial factors because people thought, feeling somatosensory experience and social dimensions contribute to development of pain. However, it is an enormous energy paid out to understand structural chances that relates to pain over the decades indeed still chronic musculoskeletal disorders are magnifying an alarming rate consequently burden to almost every healthcare system. Therefore, identification of psychosocial factors involvement and interpretation related to chronic musculoskeletal painful scenarios can contribute to implementation of cost-effective successful pain management strategies and innovation of drugs that help us to cut down socio-economic burden regard to chronic musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, it is essential to shift from biomedical structural model treatment approaches to manage chronic musculoskeletal pain by considering the psychosocial component in every contact of low back pain scenario. Therefore, practicing efficient multimodality chronic lower back pain management pragmatic approaches based on biopsycosocial model is an urgent priority to reduce the socioeconomic burden to almost every healthcare provider as a result of pain reduction, avoid fear of movement and minimize pain catastrophizing would be achieved far better off quality of life in lower back cases.

AUTHOR’S CONTRIBUTION

The author has critically reviewed and approved the final draft and is responsible for the manuscript’s content and similarity index.

ETHICAL APPROVAL

The authors confirm that this review has been prepared in accordance with COPE roles and regulations. The Institutional Review Board review was not required because of the nature of this review.

Declaration of patient consent There is no patients participation in this study thus consent is not required.

Financial support and sponsorship This review has not received any funding or financial support from third party of the public and commercial sectors.

Conflict of interest There is no conflict of interest.