#Bilateral Ties

[newspatron]

PM Modi Nigeria Award: Strengthening Ties

Share your thoughts on PM Modi's recognition and its impact on India-Nigeria relations!

Welcome to an insightful exploration of a significant milestone in international relations. PM Modi recently received Nigeria’s highest civilian award. This event marks a pivotal moment in the growing bond between India and Nigeria. This recognition not only celebrates Modi’s contributions but also underscores the importance of collaboration between these two vibrant nations. In this blog post,…

[carlocarrasco]

Major agreement between Japan and the Philippines formally signed, up for ratification

A major agreement between Japan and the Philippines pertaining to defense matters and accessibility has been formally signed in the presence of President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos, Jr., at Malacañang Palace, according to a Philippine News Agency (PNA) news article. It should be remembered that Defense Secretary Gilberto Teodoro mentioned this past June that the signing would happen in July. The…

[sabkiawaaj]

PM Modi's Visit to Qatar: How a Country Rose from Poverty to Become the Richest in the Middle East in 50 Years

PM Modi’s Visit to Qatar: How a Country Rose from Poverty to Become the Richest in the Middle East in 50 Years PM Modi’s Visit to Qatar: How a Country Rose from Poverty to Become the Richest in the Middle East in 50 Years Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s recent visit to Qatar has drawn attention to the remarkable transformation of the country, which has emerged as the wealthiest nation in the…

[fcfvafeed]

Xi Jinping Advocates Stronger Ties with Brazil Amid Global Uncertainties

Strengthening China-Brazil Relations In a recent meeting with Brazilian Lower House Speaker Arthur Lira, Chinese President Xi Jinping underscored the significance of mutual support between the two nations, especially in the context of a rapidly shifting global scenario. Chinese President Xi Jinping on Friday met with President of Brazil’s Chamber of Deputies Arthur Lira who is leading a…

[kazifatagar]

Malaysia-Singapore: Anwar Ibrahim Paves Way Stronger Ties

The relationship between Singapore and Malaysia is expected to improve under Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim. After his first visit to Singapore in January, two agreements were signed between both countries on digitalisation, green economy, data protection and cybersecurity, says controversial Penang Deputy CM Prof Ramasamy Palanisamy. Anwar may visit Singapore again in October 2023. Both…

[stargirlsbraincontent]

Healthcare Bias

I wanted to share my recent experience because it’s been quite a journey, and I know others might relate. I’ve never wanted children, ever since I was a child myself. On top of that, I have a serious fear of pregnancy (tokophobia). Since I was a teenager, I’ve been set on getting sterilized. Two months ago, I started actively pursuing a bilateral salpingectomy. I went to a couple of consultations, but the doctors were dismissive, with that frustrating “I know you’ll change your mind” attitude. Unsurprisingly, they rejected my request.

Determined to be taken seriously, I got a letter from my therapist explaining my phobia and reasons for seeking sterilization. Armed with this, I approached another doctor. Despite still facing skepticism, the doctor agreed to schedule me for the surgery. Then, just three days before the scheduled date, I received a devastating call. The doctor canceled the surgery, citing his belief that I would regret my decision later in life and feel incomplete without children. It’s incredibly frustrating to encounter such attitudes in the medical community, where women’s choices about their own bodies are often undermined or dismissed.

I’m feeling disheartened, but I’m not giving up. I’m moving to Aus soon, and my search for a supportive doctor will continue.

This type of thing happens way too commonly within the medical community, not just to women who are and want to stay childfree, but to all women. Our feelings, pain, and concerns are often dismissed as “just hormones” or being “overdramatic.” It’s frustrating and dehumanizing when decisions about our own bodies and lives are undermined in this way. The assumption that we’ll change our mind about major life choices like parenthood or that our fears and preferences are insignificant only perpetuates the lack of trust and respect many of us experience in healthcare settings. It’s a systemic issue that needs to be addressed and changed. We need to be our own biggest advocate and not give up just because some doctors won’t help us. Our voices matter, and we deserve to be heard and respected in all aspects of our healthcare.

[marwahstudios]

Issa Saleh Abdullah Appointed Patron of Indo-Oman Film and Cultural Forum to Strengthen Bilateral Ties

Noida – In a landmark event, H.E. Issa Saleh Abdullah Saleh Al Shibani, Ambassador of the Sultanate of Oman to India, was officially presented with the patronship of the newly established Indo-Oman Film and Cultural Forum. This forum, created under the auspices of the International Chamber of Media and Entertainment Industry (ICMEI) and the Embassy of Oman, is dedicated to fostering and promoting cultural and artistic relations between the two nations.

During the ceremony held at the ICMEI headquarters at Marwah Studios, Film City Noida, Ambassador Al Shibani expressed his pride and enthusiasm for leading the forum. “I am happy to be the patron of the Indo-Oman Film and Cultural Forum. Together, we will definitely create a strong and powerful impact on our relationship and friendship,” he remarked, emphasizing the potential of this forum to enhance the deep-rooted ties between India and Oman.

Ambassador Al Shibani brings to this role over twenty years of distinguished service in the Foreign Ministry of Oman. His career, which began in a translation office, has seen him take on diplomatic roles in London and Paris, culminating in his current position as Ambassador to India. Reflecting on his journey, he stated, “Throughout this fulfilling journey, I have developed invaluable skills, forged lifelong connections, and encountered brilliant minds that have left an indelible mark on my life. I eagerly look forward to continuing this incredible adventure and making a lasting impact in the world of diplomacy.”

The Chancellor of AAFT and President of ICMEI, Dr. Sandeep Marwah, expressed his gratitude and excitement about the association with Ambassador Al Shibani. “We are proud to be associated with you, and we will enjoy working under your leadership and guidance,” said Dr. Marwah. He further emphasized the significant role that the Indo-Oman Film and Cultural Forum will play in strengthening bilateral relations through various cultural initiatives and exchanges.

This collaboration is expected to set the stage for numerous joint ventures, including film festivals, cultural programs, and academic exchanges, aimed at bringing the people of India and Oman closer together through the universal language of art and culture.

[sightoru]

Here is the child free friendly doctors list. the people on this list are compiled by other childfree people who do not want children. people submit doctors who did their sterilization regardless of age, children, or marital status.

here is a breakdown of how the ACA (affordable care act) works, and how it applies to sterilization. this is only for AFAB people however. vasectomies do not count. You cannot be charged for this surgery. No coinsurance, no deductible, nothing. my hospital originally wanted $4k from me. I told them to bill me and I'll discuss with my insurance. they might be pushy, and try to get you to pay for it ahead of time, but refuse and have them bill it.

If you are getting a bilateral salpingectomy (shortened: bisalp) (COMPLETE TUBAL REMOVAL not 'tubes tied', which is where they snip the tubes and tie them with clips [called a 'tubal ligation']) there is no possible way you can become pregnant. and it does not effect your hormones at all. im being so fr, do not let people say it effects your hormones, because theres no hormones in your tubes. those are carried in ur ovaries.

If you have a family history of reproductive cancer, a bisalp greatly reduces your risks of getting those cancers. insurance codes are CPT codes of either 58661 or 58670 and the ICD-10 code of Z30.2 you might have to plug both in and talk to insurance. if someone on the phone is an asshole to you, just hang up and try again with someone else. On the other side, I've been on plenty of birth control options. for 6 years I had a copper IUD. it does make your periods heavier, and crampier if you can stand that, but it has no hormones in it and it lasts 12 years.

[dailynewsreporter]

[mesetacadre]

this might be a silly question, but. ive recently learned more about the devastating effects of sanctions on countries like cuba, dprk, or venezuela, and how much unnecessary suffering they cause among the population, especially when it comes to food or medicine shortages. but then bds also calls for sanctions against israel, and im wondering, is there any meaningful difference between that and the sanctions already imposed by the US on other countries? i feel a bit hypocritical when i argue against sanctions while at the same time supporting bds, i feel like they are very different situations with different outcomes but i lack the understanding to really grasp how they are different, if that makes any sense

Sanctions are the systematic blockade of all or certain sectors of trade under military or economic threat by the sanctioner (mostly just the USA in recent history) to any potential agents who might try to ignore the sanction. These sanctions typically include things like medical supplies, food if the country is dependent on imports (like most countries who get sanctioned), electricity, fuel, both light and heavy industry, agricultural products and machines, the global financial system, and other such key sectors. These sanctions, overwhelmingly, only serve to impoverish the country, create undue suffering and political strife. This political strife/instability is usually the main goal of sanctions, to destabilize the target government. However, this political instability more often than not does not result in a magical restoration of "democracy" or "human rights", it usually leads the country down a path of further isolationism and political violence that only worsens its general situation. It also makes it much easier for factions like ISIS to gain popularity and support, since people are desperate. Sanctions are inhumane measures which only makes a country suffer for no good reason. The sanctioners know this, they don't care, and I'd wager that suffering is often the actual point of these sanctions. What has the 60 year old blockade achieved in Cuba? It has only caused pointless poverty, and the stated goal of the sanctions, which is to ultimately remove the communist government, has failed, is failing, and Cuba is managing to make due with what they have.

BDS call for sanctions mostly in regards to military equipment and related products/services, for NATO to stop aiding the genocide, or the banning of Israel from international events such as the olympics. No Israeli will ever go hungry because they no longer get European-made ordinance or because they don't get to participate in Eurovision. This is what BDS says in their Sanctions and governments campaign (which is behind two menus, this is also not the main focus of BDS, by far):

The BDS movement calls for sanctions against Israel, similar to the sanctions that were imposed against apartheid South Africa. These sanctions could include a military embargo, an end to economic links and the cutting of diplomatic ties. In the meantime, the BDS movement is calling for states to take steps to meet their legal obligations not to be complicit in the commission of particular Israeli crimes and not to provide recognition, aid or assistance that help Israel maintain its regime of settler colonialism, apartheid.. This includes, for example, the obligation for states to immediately end to all trade that sustains illegal Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and the suspension of free trade agreements and other bilateral agreements with Israel.

Notice the greater emphasis on military and diplomatic ties, and how economic/trade sanctions are only called for when it «sustains illegal Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory». Sure, this will (if it is ever adopted by Israel's significant trade partners) cause some suffering for the poor illegal settlers who had just moved into their shiny new apartment blocks built atop acres of land that sustained the surrounding Palestinian villages. The mere existence of these settlements cause more suffering than any sanction could ever cause.

Calling for these sanctions against Israel, which again, don't even come from comparable agents, are both less harmful towards the total population of Israel, and occur in a completely different context. I'm not going to pretend I care about the wellbeing of settlers whose houses didn't even exist 10 years ago. If these sanctions ever do occur in a significant enough scale (dubious), and those settlers don't want to find themselves in a food desert because Carrefour closed all their stores in the west bank, they shouldn't have moved into land stolen from a people facing genocide in the first place. We're also wagering hypothetical and non-global suffering against the now more than 100,000 dead Palestinians in Gaza in the past year, not even counting those who died ever since the first Nakba.

Like BDS points out, these types of grassroots and targeted boycotts/sanctions worked in South Africa, and the white South Africans didn't even suffer that much. Wager these short-lived and targeted sanctions against these other half-century long sanctions sustained by the US' strongarm policy that have prevented basically anything from getting into Cuba or the DPRK.

While those two things are both called sanctions, they have radically different objectives, methods, range, timescale, and character. I can't reiterate this enough, the North Korean collective farmer and the Israeli settler in the west bank have nothing in common when it comes to their position. Only one of them is complicit in genocide through their own actions, only one of them has any degree of blame, and only one of their governments is actually doing anything that warrants any kind of international action. And again, the BDS strategy focuses much more on military sanctions. Let's also be practical for a second, and acknowledge that the US is never going to withdraw their support for Israel, and especially will never sanction Israel. Israel is simply never going to face the same kind of sanctions that Venezuela or Cuba are facing, nor with the same severity, nor with the same restrictions on products essential for life.

[niveditaabaidya]

Ukraine And UAE To Discuss Bilateral Ties. #ukraine #uae #kyiv #eu #euro...

[komsomolka]

The Ukrainian state is US/Western controlled and, in its alliance and arming, is effectively NATO-like. Washington, according to coup-happy Victoria Nuland in 2014, pumped some $5 billion into Ukraine since the Western-intelligence induced “Orange” revolution in 2004; an additional $15-$18 billion in arms, loans, and grants (from the US and EU) were poured into Ukraine since the 2013-2014 CIA-backed, far-right enforced regime change of the democratically elected Ukrainian government and until before the war began.

With on-the-ground CIA direction, power in Ukraine was consolidated among a small sociopolitical base of venal Russophobes, political pluralism representing genuinely alternative visions to the essentially nationalist, ultranationalist, pro-NATO parties disbanded. The Ukraine army, neo-fascist death squads, and small, Nazi-throwback extreme right-wing parties, celebrated by the new leaders and incorporated into the Ukrainian state, went on a repression spree, a terror campaign, to crush protests and dissent against those who were unhappy with what transpired and to erase all things Russian, including an eight-year shelling and sniping war on civilians designed to create terror and ethnic cleansing in eastern Donbass. This was not a democracy but a monopoly on power to consolidate a vociferously, fanatically anti-Russian state.

Ukraine is (or now, was) merely a platform for a Western proxy war against Russia, a forward operations base, a front line state, its “foreign policy” directed by the American proconsul, its institutions “advised” by American/Western intelligence functionaries and embassy officials, whose job since 2014 was to ensure continuing aggravation and antagonism in Donbass to elicit, in fact, a Russian response justifying long-prepared sanctions, escalation and pretext for “confronting” Russia. [...]

The Russian offensive, therefore, occurred for a much more ominous reason than the Ukrainian state terrorism visited upon eastern Donbass: the US/West’s wordless wish is no less than demoralizing, weakening, bankrupting, and territorially fragmenting the Russian Federation, controlling its markets and resources, indebting its people and rendering them dependent on US-dominated financial institutions, and bringing Russia under American dependency.

A pivotal principle of American hegemony is to obstruct and destroy friendly, normal ties, much less integration, between Russia and Europe, Germany being the fulcrum.

More simply, the strategic US/CIA goal is to ensnare Russia in a protracted war, deplete it, damage it, regime-change it, install a supine leader—all as a prelude to the big fantasy: bringing down China.

The multifaceted war on Russia has been ongoing since at least the late 1990s, but really, it never stopped with the Soviet state’s disappearance. This veiled hostility and aggression certainly existed when Boris Yeltsin was in power (a good vassal according to Washington, this silly and funny man that made Bill Clinton laugh) but took off around 2005, after Washington understood that Vladimir Putin was putting Russia on an independent course, reversing the conditions overseen under the preceding, deplorable Yeltsin era, including steep economic, social, military, and developmental decline and the immiseration of the vast majority of the population, looting oligarchs, and economic “liberalization” designed in Washington. [...]

Russia has literally allowed itself to be cornered since 2014, though it needed time to achieve a conventional and nuclear deterrent. It’s not hard to see reality: Russia is given no quarter, no voice, its real concerns and grievances dismissed, its leader demonized, its marginalization doggedly pursued at every level of international and bilateral social and cultural interactions. No appeal to reason, to international law, to security, to evidence will do for the West, no amount of patient legal argument, explanation of Russian concerns, appeals, professional warnings, consummate diplomacy and transparency of Russian interests made an impression. Instead, the Western response was and is always to double down. [...]

Finance capitalism, the system of speculative bubbles, derivatives, debt, declining standards of living, and hyperinflation, is ruining Western economies, states and societies, destroying the middle classes. The US cannot tolerate Eurasian integration and China’s Belt and Road Initiative, determined to stop any alternative development model to hyper-capitalism enriching the few, cannibalizing the many; that reduces the US to one of a handful of important multipolar players.

Washington’s grave mismanagement of international relations, its self-defeating policies, has actually weakened genuine American interests and national security and the well-being and safety of the American people, a phenomenon that cannot be naively attributed to Democrats or Republicans, this or that president. Instead, the war-state is deeply embedded in the American political economy, in factions such as the “intelligence community,” the military-industrial complex, influential establishment neo-cons, and liberal interventionists, all living in a world of yesterday.

We are rushing headlong into extremely dangerous times in which facts are a threat to the state narrative and any dissent or differing opinion is treachery. Fascism does not come from below, always from the top.

[justdiptych]

The original Fallout had one group of raiders. That was the name the game map gave to them - 'Raiders' - but they were in fact known as the Khans. They were a relatively minor faction, being tied to quests in the first town the player is likely to visit, but we learn a lot about them in their brief appearance.

Many of the Khans are given names and dialogue, and will tell the player about their history - including how they came from the same place as the people of Shady Sands, Vault 15, and feel entitled to share in the town's wealth. Some see their raiding life as a way to claim control of the post-war world - ruling through strength and fear, believing that old ideas of morality died with the rest of the world. Others treat it as just another job - they support their group by trading, maintaining equipment, preparing food, and other everyday tasks.

In short, the Khans are a fully-realised community, as much a part of the story as any other. We learn that their brutal leader, Garl Death-Hand, took command after killing his abusive father. The player can kill him, or negotiate with him, or impress him with acts of cruelty, or even challenge his nihilistic views by convincing him that they're his father, back from the dead. Killing Garl and destroying his compound is treated as the best choice for the region as a whole, and is confirmed to have happened in the next game in the series, but it's certainly not the only option.

Fallout 2 has two groups of raiders. One - again marked 'Raiders' on the map - turn out not to be raiders at all, in that they're not attacking towns to steal their wealth. Instead, they're a mercenary company, hired by a disreputable businessman from one town (New Reno) on behalf of another town (Shady Sands again, now the capital of the New California Republic) to harass a third town (Vault City) to convince them that they need outside help in maintaining their defences. It's part of the game's major subplot about the three societies competing for control of northern California and western Nevada.

The other group are the New Khans, founded by Garl's son Darion after the original Khans' defeat. These Khans aren't nearly so fearsome as their predecessors - they mostly operate in secret, hiding behind a group of squatters who have moved into the ruins of Vault 15 and pretending to help them restore it for use. Darion is wracked with resentment over what happened to his father's crew and guilt for having survived, and his gang ultimately present little real threat to the outside world.

What I'm getting at here is that, in the world of Fallout as it existed in those early games, 'raiders' were not a major factor. There was one group who conducted raids as part of their regular economic activity, but only against particular communities - Shady Sands saw them as raiders, but to the Hub, they were just traders. Raiders only existed in a particular context - they had particular interests, beliefs and opportunities that would not always be possible or applicable.

Most of the games' conflict came not from the existence of raiders but from bilateral political and economic competition between groups with overlapping but not identical interests, which was reflected in their respective ideologies. We see this in Killian and Gizmo fighting to control the future of Junktown, and in the Master's attempt to reshape the world with the Unity while the different groups of New California try to retain their independence.

We particularly see it in Fallout 2, with its three-way battle for economic domination between the constitutional democracy of the New California Republic, the mafia-ruled narco-state of New Reno, and the elitist technocratic slave state of Vault City. Which of these groups continue to rule and expand, and which crumble, is what ultimately shapes the region's future - with control of Redding and its gold supply as the linchpin.

While the Enclave are the story's primary antagonists, they're chiefly characterised by their refusal to engage with this new socio-economic order - they believe that all outside authorities are illegitimate, and all outsiders non-human, and their only plan is to release a bioweapon into the atmosphere and kill literally everyone on Earth but themselves. The Enclave's defeat is necessary for New California's survival, but, otherwise, they change very little about how people live their lives. They're like Darion's New Khans on a larger scale - relics of a fallen order, robbed of their purpose, hiding in an old bunker and driven by nothing but resentment of having been left behind.

I might, in future, talk about the contrasting depiction of raiders in Fallouts 3, 4 and 76, and about New Vegas's use of raider and bandit groups like the Khans, the Legion, the Fiends and the White Legs. For now, I think I've made my point - that raiders are not a fact of life but a product of a particular place and time, and much less relevant to the universe of Fallout than other forms of competition and violence.

[mapsontheweb]

European Union, EEA and candidate states in July 2024

by DrNeutrino 

European Union (EU) contains 27 member states. There are 9 candidate states: Turkey (1999), North Macedonia (2005), Montenegro (2010), Serbia (2012), Albania (2014), Ukraine (2022), Moldova (2022), Bosnia-Herzegovina (2022) and Georgia (2023).

About states aspiring to join EU:

Kosovo is an applicant and recognised as potential candidate.

While Armenia is not officially neither an applicant nor a potential candidate, I have included it in the category, as the Armenian PM has stated that the country will apply to by fall 2024 and in 12 March vote at European Union it was confirmed that Armenia meets the requirements for applying.

Turkey’s accession negotiations were frozen in 2019 due to democratic backsliding. In 2023 EU rejected Turkey’s proposal to unfreeze the accession negotiations in exchange of letting Sweden accede to NATO.

The application of Ukraine and Moldova is in screening phase which is prerequisite to opening 35 acquis chapters.

North Macedonian application will proceed to opening acquis chapters once the country approves a constitutional amendment related to Bulgarian minority. Albanian application is tied to North Macedonia.

Georgia passed a foreign agent law on 14 May, which is viewed anti-democratic and contradicts the conditions for EU candidacy. Due to this, the accession process was suspended on 9 July and the money for accession assistance was frozen.

About states which are not aspiring to join:

Norway rejected membership in 1972 and 1994 referenda.

Iceland applied in 2009 and was on fast track for membership, but the application process was frozen after 2013 election and withdrawn in 2015. There has been discussion of referendum to resume application.

Switzerland applied to EU and EEA in 1992 but joining was rejected in a referendum on the same year. Instead Switzerland has bilateral treaties with EU.

United Kingdom joined EU in 1973 but membership was rejected in 2016 referendum, and UK withdrew in 2020.

EU has plans to reform before the next enlargement, which has a target year 2030.

[askgermanyhetalia]

[I'm currently in Georgia, so have some facts about German-Georgian relations]

German-Georgian relations refer to diplomatic, economic and cultural ties between Germany and Georgia, which have been developing for several centuries. Germany declared the independence of the Georgian Democratic Republic after World War I and was one of the first countries to recognize the newly formed state in 1918, making it a protectorate of the German Empire. Bilateral relations were interrupted due to the forced annexation of Georgia to the Soviet Union in 1922, but were restored on April 13, 1992 after the collapse of the USSR. Georgia has an embassy in Berlin, and Germany has an embassy in Tbilisi.

My personal design for 1p! and 2p! Georgia(old sketches and new)

[leftistfeminista]

'I Won't Stop Until Israel Admits Its Ties With the Pinochet Regime'

Lily Traubman, who immigrated to Israel in the 1970s, hopes the documents she is trying to get from the Defense Ministry and the Foreign Ministry may even contain information on her father's killers.

A year ago there were headlines when four women filed a suit for sexual abuse they suffered in prison during the Pinochet period. They demanded that the abuse be recognized as a political crime and that their torturers be brought to trial. Were such attacks something that was directed from above?

Of course. Have you heard of “La Venda Sexy”? It was a detention center where people were tortured. The name actually means “Sexy Blindfold,” because the detainees’ eyes were covered the whole time and they were subjected to sexual abuse.

All the detainees were blindfolded the whole time?

Yes. They were arrested, blindfolded and put into a room, together, with their eyes covered. Then they were tortured. Most of the female detainees were raped and underwent sexual abuse. A girlfriend of mine was held there but was not raped. She told me she’d felt fortunate, but then came New Year’s and she was raped. They’d kept her for the holiday.

Venda Sexy was truly awful. They had dogs that were trained to rape women, and they would force spouses and family members to watch the rape. More and more testimonies about these abuses come out all the time.

And throughout this whole period, Israel, under prime ministers Yitzhak Rabin, Menachem Begin and Shimon Peres, maintained excellent relations with Chile. The two countries supported each other in the United Nations and signed bilateral agreements. Army Chief of Staff Mordechai Gur visited Chile in 1978, as did Deputy Prime Minister David Levy in 1982. Both met with Pinochet.

Pinochet was even invited to the synagogue in Santiago on Yom Kippur. Other presidents were not invited.

The documents declassified by the Americans also contain references to arms deals with Israel. Secretary of State George Shultz noted in a 1984 document that Britain, France, Israel and Germany were Chile’s arms suppliers.

All the weapons of the Chilean police and army were Israeli. In Chile I went around with a photograph of my brother in uniform. At checkpoints and in searches I would take out the picture and tell them that this was my brother, who was an officer in the IDF – even though he was a regular soldier – and that did the trick. The Chilean army greatly admired the Israeli army. When Pinochet wanted to visit Israel, he threatened that if he were not received here he would cancel a large arms deal. No dictator in the world, however bad he may be, can exist without international support. The dictatorship in Chile lasted as long as it did because there were countries that supported it, and Israel was one of them.

Israel describes itself as “the state of the Jewish people,” but there are about 20 missing Jews in Chile who were murdered during that period, while Israeli governments and the military maintained close ties with Chile, accorded it legitimization in international forums and provided aid and training to its military and intelligence units.