#40 units

[reasonsforhope]

"Expanding freedom and opportunity to millions

Over a decade ago, researchers, policymakers, journalists, and individuals and family members harmed by prisons and jails helped define American mass incarceration as one of the fundamental policy challenges of our time. In the years since, policymakers and voters in red, blue, and purple jurisdictions have advanced criminal justice reforms that safely reduced prison and jail populations, expanding freedom and opportunities to tens of millions of Americans.

After nearly forty years of uninterrupted prison population growth, our collective awareness of the costs of mass incarceration has fundamentally shifted–and our sustained efforts to turn the tide have yielded meaningful results.

Since its peak in 2009, the number of people in prison has declined by 24 percent (see figure 1). The total number of people incarcerated has dropped 21 percent since the 2008 peak of almost 2.4 million people, representing over 500,000 fewer people behind bars in 2022. Absent reforms, more than 40 million more people would have been admitted to prison and jail over this period. The number of people on probation and parole supervision has also dropped 27 percent since its peak in 2007, allowing many more people to live their lives free from onerous conditions that impede thriving and, too often, channel them back into incarceration for simple rule violations.1

"Absent reforms, more than 40 million more people would have been admitted to prison and jail over this period. [2008 to 2022]"

Make no mistake: mass incarceration and the racial and economic disparities it drives continue to shape America for the worse. The U.S. locks up more people per capita and imposes longer sentences than most other countries. Nearly 1-in-2 adults in the U.S. have an immediate family member that has been incarcerated, with lifelong, often multigenerational, consequences for family members’ health and financial stability. Yet the past decade of successful reforms demonstrate that we can and must continue to reduce incarceration. These expansions of freedom and justice–and the millions of people they have impacted–help define what is at stake as public safety has reemerged as a dominant theme in American public and political conversation.

...We have a robust body of research built over decades showing that jail stays and long prison sentences do not reduce crime rates. And fortunately, we have an extensive and expanding body of research on what does work to reduce crime and keep communities safe. The evidence is clear: our focus must be on continuing and accelerating reductions in incarceration.

Black imprisonment rate drops by nearly half

People directly impacted by incarceration and other leaders in the criminal justice reform movement have persistently called out how the unequal application of policies such as bail, sentencing, and parole (among others) drive massive racial disparities in incarceration. The concerted effort to reduce our prison population has had the most impact on the group that paid the greatest price during the rise of mass incarceration: Black people, and particularly Black men.

The Black imprisonment rate has declined by nearly 50 percent since the country’s peak imprisonment rate in 2008 (see figure 2). And between 1999 and 2019, the Black male incarceration rate dropped by 44 percent, and notable declines in Black male incarceration rates were seen in all 50 states. For Black men, the lifetime risk of incarceration declined by nearly half from 1999 to 2019—from 1 in 3 Black men imprisoned in their lifetime to 1 in 5.

While still unacceptably high, this reduction in incarceration rates means that Black men are now more likely to graduate college than go to prison, a flip from a decade ago. This change will help disrupt the cycle of incarceration and poverty for generations to come.

Expanding safety and justice together

The past decade-plus of incarceration declines were accompanied by an increase in public safety. From 2009-2022, 45 states saw reductions in crime rates, while imprisoning fewer people, with crime falling faster in states that reduced imprisonment than in states that increased it.

This is in keeping with the extensive body of research showing that incarceration is among the least effective and most expensive means to advance safety. Our extremely long sentences don’t deter or prevent crime. In fact, incarcerating people can increase the likelihood people will return to jail or prison in the future. Public safety and a more fair and just criminal system are not in conflict.

Strong and widespread support for reform

We have also seen dramatic progress on the public opinion front, with a clear understanding from voters that the criminal justice system needs more reform, not less. Recent polling shows that by a nearly 2 to 1 margin respondents prefer addressing social and economic problems over strengthening law enforcement to reduce crime. [In simpler terms: people are twice as likely to prefer non-law-enforcement solutions to crimes.]

Nearly nine-in-ten Black adults say policing, the judicial process, and the prison system need major changes for Black people to be treated fairly. Seventy percent of all voters (see figure 3) and 80 percent of Black voters believe it’s important to reduce the number of people in jail and prison. Eighty percent of all voters, including nearly three-fourths of Republican voters, support criminal justice reforms.

This is not only a blue state phenomenon. Recent polling in Mississippi indicates strong support across the political spectrum for bold policies that reduce incarceration. For example, according to polling from last month, 72 percent of Mississippians, including majorities from both parties, believe it is important to reduce the number of people in prison (see figure 4). Perhaps most tellingly, across the country victims of crime also support further reforms to our criminal justice system over solutions that rely on jail stays and harsh prison sentences...

We are at an inflection point: we can continue to rely on the failed mass incarceration tactics of the past, or chart a new path that takes safety seriously by continuing to reform our broken criminal justice system and strengthening families and communities."

-via FWD.us, May 15, 2024

[labyrinthofstreams]

Pedestrians, including a mother and child, wearing gas-masks as they pass a sign saying 'Warning — Tear Gas Is Being Discharged,' in Kingston-Upon-Thames, London, England. Circa 1941.

[fisheito]

when a battle can't be solved with dark nova yakumo

[sufficientlylargen]

I've found my new favorite units chart (from wikimedia commons).

[formulanni]

Can we PLEASE make the f1 drivers do Mutton Bustin it would be so peak guys hear me out

Cmon. I know yall want to see Yuki Tsunoda and Charles Leclerc doing this it’s a southern tradition

[lonestarbattleship]

USS NEW MEXICO (BB-40), Flagship of the Pacific Fleet, passing through the Panama Canal. In the middle and upper west chamber of the Gatun locks. There are two other battleships at anchor in Gatun Lake, the background. She anchors in Gatun Lake while the other battleships make it through the other side of the canal and continue her transit the next day.

Photographed on July 25, 1919.

U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command: NH 75719, NH 76551

[yuwuta]

peds surgeon yuuta??? u cant say things like that i need to jump. the cartoons, the glasses, of course his freaky ass would have a thing for u calling him doctor okkotsu i need to die id wanna tease him sm and be all over him but i cant think of anything if its in a hospital how did the greys anatomy ppl made it work?

the grey’s doctors were FREAKS LMFAOO bc there is not space to be doing all that in the on call rooms…. honestly yuuta is probably too busy to even try anything with you in the hospital 90% of the time… he’s either in surgery or buried in the research library or falling asleep standing up 😭 sometimes you two pass each other in an empty stairwell and have time for a kiss or two, but never more than that (also because yuuta has very little self-restraint when it comes to you… if he allowed himself more than that, then it would be much harder to stop…) 

sometimes the two of you will fall asleep in the same on call room. yuuta will page you there and by the time you arrive he’s already half asleep, it’s probably his only nap in the last 24 hours, so you do your best not to wake wake him when you cuddle up next to him. you get a few hours of bliss in his arms before his pager is waking the both of you up, and he’s got to scurry downstairs to the peds floor and in his hurry he doesn’t realize he’s snagged your lab coat instead of his own, and it’s only when he’s haphazardly slipped it on and the arms are too short and the shoulders are too tight that he figures it out. it’s too late by then, because gojo is the attending on this case which means he doesn’t miss anything, which means he’s the first to giggle and tease, poking at your name embroidered above the breast pocket, “oh? i didn’t know the two of you got married already! oh and you took her last name, how noble, yuuta!~” 

[s0fter-sin]

09 soapghost au, ghost was a member of soap’s unit before roba and they were together until he was taken. when he comes back and takes up the ghost mantle, simon riley is declared KIA and the hope that soap had let kindle in his heart that he’d come back to him dies. he throws himself into training, into becoming captain so he won’t let down another soldier the way he let simon down

then he recruits ghost to the 141 and ghost sees how much he’s changed, how much harder he is; slow to smile, never relaxing and he realises how much he fucked up by never reaching out. he’d thought he’d be better off without him, without the shell of the man he used to love but he’d done nothing but hurt him

after the close call with shepherd, soap wants to get right back into it, wants to hunt makarov down for almost getting his sergeant and lieutenant killed and ghost is yelling at him to just take it easy and heal first when soap snaps back, “i can’t lose anyone else! not again!” and ghost just rips his balaclava off, showing his face for the first time in years…

and soap says nothing. he just looks at him, completely unreadable. ghost clenches the balaclava in his hand, waiting for anything; even injured, soap can still pack a mean punch and he’s waiting for it, almost hoping for it… but he still does nothing. just stares

“well? c’mon!” he growls, stalking in closer. “let me have it! tell me how pissed you are! that i left you alone! that i ruined you the moment i touched you! that you regret ever fucking looking at me! scream, shout, say something!” until he’s leaning over soap’s chair, chest heaving

soap’s hand lifts and ghost can’t help his flinch before planting himself, ready to be struck, longing for it, to be punished the way he punishes himself-

soap’s hand gently cups his cheek and he freezes, breath catching as his thumb caresses the snake bite scars on his lip; feather-light and reverent. just like he used to

“you’re as beautiful as the day i lost you”

[ly0nstea]

Apologies to @sleepycrowhours for stealing the tags but i want to make a point about learning irish (and I think it applies to language learning as a whole) Duolingo (especially the app, the website is better to be fair but not by much) shouldn't be your primary, or even secondary resource for language learning, it should be a supplement, like flash cards because that's basically what duolingo (Esp. the app) is. It's electronic flash cards, it's nice for vocabulary but horrible for learning grammar, it's yes or no, right or wrong, and language is more fluid than that.

In colloquial speak, if you get it more or less right, the speaker will probably get it, (especially with something as minor as séimhiú and urú which is the english equivalent to switching his/her/their, while duolingo will tell you a sentence is a complete bust if you replace gcat with chait with cat which contexually, speakers will fix themselves and probably won't even mention it to you. Not to mention language is fluid, speakers won't talk like a text book, they'll use conjunctions and phrases you dont know, they'll invent words on the fly.

You should always be learning from books, movies (Yu Ming is ainm dom or cáca milis for irish aimed at young children, an cailín ciúin for more general cinema), poetry (géibheann, an gnáthrud, etc.), music (Teir abhaile riú, oró sé do bheatha 'bhaile, an dreolín, etc.), tv (all of TG4, they have spongebob), RTE player is available for free online.

Buying an irish enlish dictionary, using focloir and teanglann, and reading grammar books will help, writing irish helps too because it makes you look up words you dont know. I had no idea how to use the subjunctive and imperative before, now i do.

All of the info i wrote about séimhiú's and urú's can be found with google, and all of my words of the day are on focloir and teanglann.

tl;dr, using only duolingo is going to give you more robotic speak that even textbook, your vocab will be kind of weird and hyper-specific (kinda like how only learning in a classroom only teaches you to speak about yourself and your family and nothing else). Read irish, write irish, live irish. Remember, you weren't taught your native tongue formally, 80% of what you learn comes from just picking up and talking to people, family, friends, teachers, and maybe 20% was taught in the first few years of school (and a lot of that is written/spelling anyway not actually communicating)

[goshyesvintageads]

U.S. Steel, 1946

[belorussiandino]

finally did the full thing and sacrificed my sleep schedule for it! yay!!,

[stone-cold-groove]

Exciting Navy Stories magazine - April 1942.

[pcktknife]

halloween costumes too damn expensive like this is getting a bit ridiculous

[driveintheaterofthemind]

Original Art - Tarzan Sunday Comic Strip (Apr15th1945)

Art by Burne Hogarth

United Feature Syndicate

[shroudkeeper]

I'm loving this long hair.

[lonestarbattleship]

"USS NEW MEXICO (BB-40) anchored in the Tokyo Bay area, at the end of World War II. Mount Fuji is in the background."

Photographed in late August 1945.

U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command: NH 50232