#30 under 30 asia 2018

[dresshistorynerd]

The Real Cost of the Fashion Industry

Atacama Desert, in Alto Hospicio, Iquique, Chile. (source)

The textile industry is destroying the world. The industry is wasting massive amounts of energy and materials, and polluting the air, the ground and the water supplies. It overwhelmingly exploits it's labour and extracts wealth from colonized countries, especially in Asia. I assume we all broadly understand this, but I think it's useful to have it all laid out in front of you to see the big picture, the core issues causing this destruction and find ways how to effectively move forward.

The concerning trend behind this ever-increasing devastation are shortening of trend cycles, lowering clothing prices and massive amount of wasted products. Still in year 2000 it was common for fashion brands to have two collections per year, while now e.g. Zara produces 24 collections and H&M produces 12-16 collections per year. Clothing prices have fallen (at leas in EU) 30% from 1996 to 2018 when adjusted to inflation, which has contributed to the 40% increase in clothing consumption per person between 1996 and 2012 (in EU). (source) As the revenue made by the clothing industry keep rising - from 2017 to 2021 they doubled (source) - falling prices can only be achieved with increasing worker exploitation and decreasing quality. I think the 36% degrees times clothing are used in average during the last 15 years (source) is a clear indication on the continuing drop in quality of clothing. Clothing production doubled between 2000 and 2015, while 30% of the clothes produced per year are never sold and are often burned instead (source), presumably to prevent the returns from falling due to oversupply.

These all factors are driving people to overconsume. While people in EU keep buying more clothes, they haven't used up to 50% of the clothes in their wardrobe for over a year (source). This overconsumption is only made much worse by the new type of hyper fast fashion companies like SHEIN and Temu, which are using addictive psychological tactics developed by social media companies (source 1, source 2). They are cranking up all those concerning trends I mentioned above.

Under the cut I will go through the statistics of the most significant effects of the industry on environment and people. I will warn you it will be bleak. This is not just a fast fashion problem, basically the whole industry is engaging in destructive practices leading to this damage. Clothing is one of those things that would be actually relatively easy to make without massive environmental and human cost, so while that makes the current state of the industry even more heinous, it also means there's hope and it's possible to fix things. In the end, I will be giving some suggestions for actions we could be doing right now to unfuck this mess.

Carbon emissions

The textile industry is responsible for roughly 10% of the global CO2 emissions, more than aviation and shipping industry combined. This is due to the massive supply chains and energy intensive production methods of fabrics. Most of it can be contributed to the fashion sector since around 60% of all the textile production is clothing. Polyester, a synthetic fiber made from oil which accounts for more than half of the fibers used in the textile industry, produces double the amount of carbon emissions than cotton, accounting for very large proportions of all the emissions by the industry. (source 1, source 2)

Worker exploitation

Majority of the textiles are produced in Asia. Some of the worst working conditions are in Bangladesh, one of the most important garment producers, and Pakistan. Here's an excerpt from EU Parliament's briefing document from 2014 after the catastrophic Rana Plaza disaster:

The customers of garment producers are most often global brands looking for low prices and tight production timeframes. They also make changes to product design, product volume, and production timeframes, and place last-minute orders without accepting increased costs or adjustments to delivery dates. The stresses of such policies usually fall on factory workers.

The wage exploitation is bleak. According to the 2015 documentary The True Cost less than 2% of all garment factory workers earned a living wage (source). Hourly wages are so low and the daily quotas so high, garment workers are often forced through conditions or threats and demand to work extra hours, which regularly leads to 10-12 hour work days (source) and at worst 16 hour workdays (source), often without days off. Sometimes factories won't compensate for extra hours, breaching regulations (source).

Long working hours, repetitive work, lack of breaks and high pressure leads to increased risks of injuries and accidents. Small and even major injuries are extremely common in the industry. A study in three factories in India found that 70% of the workers suffered from musculosceletal symptoms (source). Another qualitative study of female garment workers and factory doctors in Dhaka found that long hours led to eye strain, headaches, fatigue and weight loss in addition to muscular and back pains. According to the doctors interviewed, weight loss was common because the workers work such long hours without breaks, they didn't have enough time to eat properly. (source) Another study in 8 factories in India found that minor injuries were extremely common and caused by unergonomic work stations, poor organization in the work place and lack of safety gear, guidelines and training (source). Safety precautions too are often overlooked to cut corners, which periodically leads to factory accidents, like in 2023 lack of fire exists and fire extinguishers, and goods stacked beyond capacity led to a factory fire in Pakistan which injured dozens of workers (source) or like in 2022 dangerous factory site led to one dead worker and 9 injured workers (source).

Rana Plaza collapse in 2013 is the worst industrial accident in recent history. The factory building did not have proper permits and the factory owner blatantly ignored signs of danger (other businesses abandoned the building a day before the collapse), which led to deaths of 1 134 workers and injuries to 2 500 workers. The factory had or were at the time working for orders of at least Prada, Versace, Primark, Walmart, Zara, H&M, C&A, Mango, Benetton, the Children's Place, El Corte Inglés, Joe Fresh, Carrefour, Auchan, KiK, Loblaw, Bonmarche and Matalan. None of the brands were held legally accountable for the unsafe working conditions which they profited off of. Only 9 of the brands attended a meeting to agree on compensation for the victim's families. Walmart, Carrefour, Auchan, Mango and KiK refused to sight the agreement, it was only signed by Primark, Loblaw, Bonmarche and El Corte Ingles. The compension these companies provided was laughable though. Primemark demanded DNA evidence that they are relatives of one of the victims from these struggling families who had lost their often sole breadwinner for a meager sum of 200 USD (which doesn't even count for two months of living wage in Bangladesh (source)). This obviously proved to be extremely difficult for most families even though US government agreed to donate DNA kits. This is often said to be a turning point in working conditions in the industry, at least in Bangladesh, but while there's more oversight now, as we have seen, there's clearly still massive issues. (source 1, source 2)

One last major concern of working conditions in the industry I will mention is the Xinjiang raw cotton production, which is likely produced mainly with forced labour from Uighur concentration camps, aka slave labour of a suspected genocide. 90% of China's raw cotton production comes from Xinjiang (source). China is the second largest cotton producer in the world, after India, accounting 20% of the yearly global cotton production (source).

Pollution

Synthetic dyes, which synthetic fibers require, are the main cause of water pollution caused by the textile industry, which is estimated to account for 20% of global clean water pollution (source). This water pollution by the textile industry is suspected of causing a lot of health issues like digestive issues in the short term, and allergies, dermatitis, skin inflammation, tumors and human mutations in the long term. Toxins also effect fish and aquatic bacteria. Azo dyes, one of the major pollutants, can cause detrimental effects to aquatic ecosystems by decreasing photosynthetic activity of algae. Synthetic dyes and heavy metals also cause large amounts of soil pollution. Large amounts of heavy metals in soil, which occurs around factories that don't take proper environmental procautions, can cause anaemia, kidney failure, and cortical edoem in humans. That also causes changes in soil texture, decrease in soil microbial diversity and plant health, and changes in genetic structure of organisms growing in the soil. Textile factory waste water has been used for irrigation in Turkey, where other sources of water have been lacking, causing significant damage to the soil. (source)

Rayon produced through viscose process causes significant carbon disulphide and hydrogen sulphide pollution to the environment. CS2 causes cardiovascular, psychiatric, neuropsychological, endocrinal and reproductive disorders. Abortion rates among workers and their partners exposed to CS2 are reported to be significantly higher than in control groups. Many times higher amounts of sick days are reported for workers in spinning rooms of viscose fiber factories. China and India are largest producers of CS2 pollution, accounting respectively 65.74% and 11,11% of the global pollution, since they are also the major viscose producers. Emission of CS2 has increased significantly in India from 26.8 Gg in 2001 to 78.32 Gg in 2020. (source)

Waste

The textile industry is estimated to produce around 92 million tons of textile waste per year. As said before around 30% of the production is never sold and with shortening lifespans used the amount of used clothing that goes to waster is only increasing. This waste is large burned or thrown into landfills in poor countries. (source) H&M was accused in 2017 by investigative journalists of burning up to 12 tonnes of clothes per year themselves, including usable clothing, which they denied claiming they donated clothing they couldn't sell to charity instead (source). Most of the clothing donated to charity though is burned or dumbed to landfills (source).

Most of the waste clothing from rich countries like European countries, US, Australia and Canada are shipped to Chile (source) or African countries, mostly Ghana, but also Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire (source). There's major second-hand fashion industries in these places, but most of the charity clothing is dumbed to landfills, because they are in such bad condition or the quality is too poor. Burning and filling landfills with synthetic fabrics with synthetic dyes causes major air, water and soil pollution. The second-hand clothing industry also suppresses any local clothing production as donated clothing is inherently more competitive than anything else, making these places economically reliant on dumbed clothing, which is destroying their environment and health, and prevents them from creating a more sustainable economy that would befit them more locally. This is not an accident, but required part of the clothing industry. Overproduction let's these companies tap on every new trend quickly, while not letting clothing the prices in rich countries drop so low it would hurt their profits. Production is cheaper than missing a trend.

Micro- and nanoplastics

There is massive amounts of micro- and nanoplastics in all of our environment. It's in our food, drinking water, even sea salt (source). Washing synthetic textiles accounts for roughly 35% of all microplastics released to the environment. It's estimated that it has caused 14 million tonnes of microplastics to accumulate into the bottom of the ocean. (source)

Microplastics build up into the intestines of animals (including humans), and have shown to probably cause cause DNA damage and altered organism behavior in aquatic fauna. Microplastics also contain a lot of the usual pollutants from textile industry like synthetic dyes and heavy metals, which absorb in higher quantities to tissues of animals through microplastics in the intestines. Studies have shown that the adverse effect are higher the longer the microplastics stay in the organism. The effects cause major risks to aquatic biodiversity. (source) The health effects of microplastics to humans are not well known, but studies have shown that they could have adverse effects on digestive, respiratory, endocrine, reproductive and immune systems. (source)

Microplastics degrade in the environment even further to nanoplastics. Nanoplastic being even smaller are found to enter blood circulation, get inside cells and cross the blood-brain barrier. In fishes they have been found to cause neurological damage. Nanoplastics are also in the air, and humans frequently breath them in. Study in office buildings found higher concentration of nanoplastics in indoor air than outdoor air. Inside the nanoplastics are likely caused mostly by synthetic household textiles, and outdoors mostly by car tires. (source) An association between nanoplastics and mitochondrial damage in human respiratory cells was found in a recent study. (source)

Micro and nano plastics are also extremely hard to remove from the environment, making it even more important that we reduce the amount of microplastics we produce as fast as possible.

What can we do?

This is a question that deserves it's own essays and articles written about it, but I will leave you with some action points. Reading about these very bleak realities can easily lead to overwhelming apathy, but we need to channel these horrors into actions. Whatever you do, do not fall into apathy. We don't have the luxury for that, we need to act. These are industry wide problems, that simply cannot be fixed by consumerism. Do not trust any clothing companies, even those who market themselves as ethical and responsible, always assume they are lying. Most of them are, even the so called "good ones". We need legislation. We cannot allow the industry to regulate itself, they will always take the easy way out and lie to their graves. I will for sure write more in dept about what we can do, but for now here's some actions to take, both political and individual ones.

Political actions

Let's start with political actions, since they will be the much more important ones. While we are trying to dismantle capitalism and neocolonialism (the roots of these issues), here's some things that we could do right now. These will be policies that we should be doing everywhere in the world, but especially rich countries, where most of the clothing consumption is taking place. Vote, speak to others, write to your representative, write opinion pieces to your local papers, engage with democracy.

Higher requirements of transparency. Right now product transparency in clothing is laughably low. In EU only the material make up and the origin country of the final product are required to be disclosed. Everything else is up to the company. Mandatory transparency is the only way we can force any positive changes in the production. The minimum of transparency should be: origin countries of the fibers and textiles in the product itself; mandatory reports of the lifecycle emissions; mandatory reports of whole chain of production. Right now the clothing companies make their chain of production intentionally complex, so they have plausible deniability when inevitably they are caught violating environmental or worker protection laws (source). They intentionally don't want to be able to track down their production chain. Forcing them to do so anyway would make it very expensive for them to keep up this unnecessarily complex production chain. These laws are most effective when put in place in large economies like EU or US.

Restrictions on the use of synthetic fibers. Honestly I think they should be banned entirely, since the amount of microplastics in our environment is already extremely distressing and the other environmental effects of synthetic fibers are also massive, but I know there are functions for which they are not easily replaced (though I think they can be replaces in those too, but that's a subject of another post), so we should start with restrictions. I'm not sure how they should be specifically made, I'm not a law expert, but they shouldn't be used in everyday textiles, where there are very easy and obvious other options.

Banning viscose. There are much better options for viscose method that don't cause massive health issues and environmental destruction where ever it's made, like Lyocell. There is absolutely no reason why viscose should be allowed to be sold anywhere.

Governmental support for local production by local businesses. Most of the issues could be much more easily solved and monitored if most clothing were not produced by massive global conglomerations, but rather by local businesses that produce locally. All clothing are made by hand, so centralizing production doesn't even give it advantage in effectiveness (only more profits for the few). Producing locally would make it much more easier to enforce regulations and it would reduce production chains, making production more effective, leaving more profits into the hands of the workers and reducing emissions from transportation. When the production is done by local businesses, the profits would stay in the producing country and they could be taxed and utilized to help the local communities. This would be helpful to do in both exploited and exploiter countries. When done in rich countries who exploit poorer ones, it would reduce the demand for exploitation. In poor countries this is not as easily done, since poor means they don't have money to give around, but maybe this could be a good cause to put some reparations from colonizers and global corporations, which they should pay.

Preventing strategic accounting between subsidiaries and parent companies. Corporate law is obviously not my area of expertise, but I know that allowing corporations to move around the accounting of profits and losses between subsidiaries and parent companies in roughly 1980s, was a major factor in creating this modern global capitalist system, where corporations can very easily manipulate their accounting to utilize tax heavens and avoid taxes where they actually operate, which is how they are upholding this terrible system and extracting the profits from the production countries. How specifically this would be done I can't tell because again I know shit about corporate law, so experts of that field should plan the specifics. Overall this would help deal with a lot of other problems than just the fashion industry. Again for it to be effective a large economic area like EU or US should do this.

Holding companies accountable for their whole chain of production. These companies should be dragged to court and made to answer for the crimes they are profiting of off. We should put fear back into them. This is possible. Victims of child slavery are already doing this for chocolate companies. If it's already not how law works everywhere, the laws should be changed so that the companies are responsible even if they didn't know, because it's their responsibility to find out and make sure they know. They should have been held accountable for the Rana Plaza disaster. Maybe they still could be. Sue the mother fuckers. They should be afraid of us.

Individual actions

I will stress that the previous section is much more important and that there's no need to feel guilty for individual actions. This is not the fault of the average consumer. Still we do need to change our relationship to fashion and consumption. While it's not our fault, one of the ways this system is perpetuated, is by the consumerist propaganda by fashion industry. And it is easier to change our own habits than to change the industry, even if our own habits have little impact. So these are quite easy things we all could do as we are trying to do bigger change to gain some sense of control and keep us from falling to apathy.

Consume less. Better consumption will not save us, since consumption itself is the problem. We consume too much clothing. Don't make impulse purchases. Consider carefully weather you actually need something or if you really really want it. Even only buying second-hand still fuels the industry, so while it's better than buying new, it's still better to not buy.

Take proper care of your clothing. Learn how to properly wash your clothing. There's a lot of internet resources for that. Never wash your wool textiles in washing machine, even if the textile's official instructions allow it. Instead air them regularly, rinse them in cool water if they still smell after airing and wash stains with water or small amount of (wool) detergent. Never use fabric softener! It damages the fabrics, prevents them from properly getting clean and is environmentally damaging. Instead use laundry vinegar for making textiles softer or removing bad smells. (You can easily make laundry vinegar yourself too from white vinegar and water (and essential oils, if you want to add a scent to it) which is much cheaper.) Learn how to take care of your leather products. Most leather can be kept in very good condition for a very long time by occasional waxing with beeswax.

Use the services of dressmakers and shoemakers. Take your broken clothing or clothing which doesn't fit anymore to your local dressmaker and ask them if they can do something about it. Take your broken and worn leather products to your local shoemaker too. Usually it doesn't cost much to get something fixed or refitted and these expert usually have ways to fix things you couldn't even think of. So even if the situation with your clothing or accessory seems desperate, still show it to the dressmaker or shoemaker.

If it's extremely cheap, don't buy it. Remember that every clothing is handmade. Only a small fraction of the cost of the clothing will be paying the wages of the person who made it with their hands. If a shirt costs 5 euros (c. 5,39 USD), it's sewer was only payed mere cents for sewing it. I'm not a quick sewer and it takes me roughly 1-2 hours to cut, prepare and sew a simple shirt, so I'm guessing it would take around half an hour to do all that for a factory worker on a crunch, at the very least 15 minutes. So the hourly pay would still be ridiculously low. However, as I said before, the fact that the workers in clothing factories get criminally low pay is not the fault of the consumer, so if you need a clothing item, and you don't have money to buy anything else than something very cheep, don't feel guilty. And anyway expensive clothing in no way necessarily means reasonable pay or ethical working conditions, cheep clothing just guarantee them.

Learn to recognize higher quality. In addition to exploitation, low price also means low quality, but again high price doesn't guarantee high quality. High quality allows you to buy less, so even if it's not as cheep as low quality, if you can afford it, when you need it, it will be cheaper in long run, and allows you to consume less. Check the materials. Natural fibers are your friends. Do not buy plastic, if it's possible to avoid. Avoid household textiles from synthetic fibers. Avoid textiles with small amounts of spandex to give it stretch, it will shorten the lifespan of the clothing significantly as the spandex quickly wears down and the clothing looses it's shape. Also avoid clothing with rubber bands. They also loose their elasticity very quickly. In some types of clothing (sport wear, underwear) these are basically impossible to avoid, but in many other cases it's entirely possible.

Buy from artisans and local producers, if you can. As said better consumption won't fix this, but supporting artisans and your local producers could help keep them afloat, which in small ways helps create an alternative to the exploitative global corporations. With artisans especially you know the money goes to the one who did the labour and buying locally means less middlemen to take their cut. More generally buy rather from businesses that are located to the same country where the production is, even if it's not local to you. A local business doesn't necessarily produce locally.

Develop your own taste. If you care about fashion and style, it's easy to fall victim to the fashion industry's marketing and trend cycles. That's why I think it's important to develop your personal sense of style and preferences. Pay attention at what type of clothes are comfortable to you. Go through your wardrobe and track for a while which clothing you use most and which least. Understanding your own preferences helps you avoid impulse buying.

Consider learning basics of sewing. Not everyone has the time or interest for this, but if you in anyway might have a bit of both, I suggest learning some very simple and basic mending and reattaching a button.

Further reading on this blog: How to see through the greenwashing propaganda of the fashion industry - Case study 1: Shein

Bibliography

Academic sources

An overview of the contribution of the textiles sector to climate change, 2022, L. F. Walter et al., Frontiers in Environmental Science

How common are aches and pains among garment factory workers? A work-related musculoskeletal disorder assessment study in three factories of south 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, 2021, Arkaprovo Pal et al., J Family Med Prim Care

Sewing shirts with injured fingers and tears: exploring the experience of female garment workers health problems in Bangladesh, 2019, Akhter, S., Rutherford, S. & Chu, C., BMC Int Health Hum Rights

Occupation Related Accidents in Selected Garment Industries in Bangalore City, 2006, Calvin, Sam & Joseph, Bobby, Indian Journal of Community Medicine

A Review on Textile and Clothing Industry Impacts on The Environment, 2022, Nur Farzanah Binti Norarmi et al., International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Carbon disulphide and hydrogen sulphide emissions from viscose fibre manufacturing industry: A case study in India, 2022, Deepanjan Majumdar et al., Atmospheric Environment: X

Microplastics Pollution: A Brief Review of Its Source and Abundance in Different Aquatic Ecosystems, 2023, Asifa Ashrafy et al., Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances

Health Effects of Microplastic Exposures: Current Issues and Perspectives in South Korea, 2023, Yongjin Lee et al., Yonsei Medical Journal

Nanoplastics and Human Health: Hazard Identification and Biointerface, 2022, Hanpeng Lai, Xing Liu, and Man Qu, Nanomaterials

Other sources

The impact of textile production and waste on the environment (infographics), 2020, EU

Chile’s desert dumping ground for fast fashion leftovers, 2021, AlJazeera

Fashion - Worldwide, 2022 (updated 2024), Statista

Fashion Industry Waste Statistics & Facts 2023, James Evans, Sustainable Ninja (magazine)

Everything You Need to Know About Waste in the Fashion Industry, 2024, Solene Rauturier, Good on You (magazine)

Textiles and the environment, 2022, Nikolina Šajn, European Parliamentary Research Service

Help! I'm addicted to secondhand shopping apps, 2023, Alice Crossley, Cosmopolitan

Addictive, absurdly cheap and controversial: the rise of China’s Temu app, 2023, Helen Davidson, Guardian

Workers' conditions in the textile and clothing sector: just an Asian affair? - Issues at stake after the Rana Plaza tragedy, 2014, Enrico D'Ambrogio, European Parliamentary Research Service

State of The Industry: Lowest Wages to Living Wages, The Lowest Wage Challenge (Industry affiliated campaign)

Fast Fashion Getting Faster: A Look at the Unethical Labor Practices Sustaining a Growing Industry, 2021, Emma Ross, International Law and Policy Brief (George Washington University Law School)

Dozens injured in Pakistan garment factory collapse and fire, 2023, Hannah Abdulla, Just Style (news media)

India: Multiple factory accidents raise concerns over health & safety in the garment industry, campaigners call for freedom of association in factories to ‘stave off’ accidents, 2022, Jasmin Malik Chua, Business & Human Rights Resource Center

Minimum Wage Level for Garment Workers in the World, 2020, Sheng Lu, FASH455 Global Apparel & Textile Trade and Sourcing (University of Delaware)

Rana Plaza collapse, Wikipedia

Buyers’ compensation for Rana Plaza victims far from reality, 2013, Ibrahim Hossain Ovi, Dhaka Tribune (news media)

World cotton production statistics, updated 2024, The World Counts

Dead white man’s clothes, 2021, Linton Besser, ABC News

[reyaint]

PHANTOM | intro

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date: november 2, 2024

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𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑮𝑯𝑶𝑺𝑻𝑺

PHANTOM (유령) is a 3 member south korean idol group under End All Entertainment. the group consists of members: Yurei, Mara, and Enna. they debuted on october 30 2018 with their mini-album “LOOK ALiVE” and title track “GHOST”. they are most known for their unique concept and storyline and being a self-made group. all members are former SM trainees who left together. on may 2, 2020 they signed under japanese company 238 Production and chinese company BlueM Div for more exposure in Asia. on july 7, 2021 they signed under Re’Wind records in america for more global exposure.

INTRODUCTION: “ save you screams ! we are phantom ! ”

FANDOM NAME: SPiRiTS (official)

LIGHTSTICK: (found off Pinterest)

LOGO: (found off Pinterest. a wayv album)

OFFICIAL COLORS: phantom (#a3a4al) and ghost (c5cdd8)

𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒍 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑮𝑯𝑶𝑺𝑻𝑺

YUREI

Leader, Main Rapper, Lead Vocal, Dancer, Composer

October 11, 2001

Libra

Snake

Russian-Japanese

Rep Emoji; 🐺🔥

Rep Gem; red beryl

Rep Flower; lotus🪷

Rep Weapon; scissors✂️

Abilities; telepathy

MBTI; ENFP

5’8ft ❪176cm❫

VC; Lola (formerly pixy)

insta; yurei_hiroya

MARA

Main Dancer, Lead Rapper, Vocal, Lyricist

April 13 2001

Aries

Korean-Italian

Rep Emoji; 🦊💎

Rep Gem; blue tanzanite

Rep Flower; red poppy

Rep Weapon; axe🪓

Abilities; aura perception

MBTI; ENTJ

5’11ft ❪181cm❫

VC; Aini (former pink fantasy)

insta; mara_wonryeong

ENNA

Main Vocal, Lead Dancer, Rapper, Songwriter, Center, Maknae

November 17, 2002

Scorpio

Horse

Haiqinian

Rep Emoji; 🐈‍⬛⌛

Rep Gem; alexandrite

Rep Flower; chrysanthemum

Rep Weapon; bow and arrows🏹

Abilites; telekinesis

MBTI; ISTJ (formerly INTJ)

177cm (5’9)

VC;96neko, Rubyeye

insta; enna_medeaanZ

𝒀𝒐𝒖 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝒍𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝒂 𝑮𝑯𝑶𝑺𝑻

-one of my drs which i was obsessed with all summer. but I literally only made the discography and that was it

-ANOTHER horror themed group bc YES

-idk what else to put lmao

[learnersband]

ラーナーズの8年半。 215本の全ライブ記録です。 あ〜！あの時！！とか、 酔いすぎた夜！とか、、 パートナーと帰り道で喧嘩した！とか、、、 良いことも少しほろ苦いことも、、、 それぞれに思い出があったりしますよね。

その全てが愛おしい。 ラーナーズはみんなを愛しています。ありがとう。 2015年 (13本) 6/15 新代田 FEVER 6/23 渋谷 UNDER BAR 7/29 下北沢 THREE 8/2 渋谷 ORGAN BAR 8/28 新宿 LOFT 9/2 下北沢 CLUB QUE 9/22 下北沢 THREE 11/5 下北沢 BASEMENT BAR 12/1 渋谷 CLUB ASIA 12/13 新大久保 CLUB VOICE 12/16 青山 CAY   12/19 恵比寿 LIQUID ROOM 12/26 渋谷 THE GUINGUETTE by MOJA

2016年 (42本) 1/8 下北沢 BASEMENT BAR 1/11 新代田 FEVER 1/28 下北沢 CLUB QUE 1/30 下北沢 SHELTER 2/2 新代田 FEVER 2/21 渋谷 CLUB ASIA 3/6 下北沢 SHELTER 3/7 下北沢 GARDEN 4/1 新宿 ANTI-KNOCK 4/16 大阪 NOON 4/17 京都 METRO 4/29 豊橋 CLUB KNOT 4/30 名古屋 lounge&live vio   5/1 下北沢 SHELTER 5/4 川崎 CLUB CITTA 5/14 福岡 KEITH FLACK 5/28 下北沢 ReG 5/28 中野 MOON STEP 6/3 新代田 FEVER   6/18 宮古島 MIYAKO ROCK FES2016 6/18 宮古島 2nd show 6/25 代官山 UNIT 6/26 下北沢 ERA 7/3 下北沢 THREE 7/13 渋谷TOWER RECORD 7/29 新宿 LOFT 8/2 代官山 LOOP 9/27 新宿 LOFT 10/11 下北沢 SHELTER 10/25 代官山 UNIT 11/3 下北沢 BASEMENT BAR 11/6 大阪 PINE BROOKLYN 11/16 下北沢 BASEMENT BAR 11/16 渋谷 Beaujolais Nouveau Party 11/19 新宿 RED CLOTH 11/24 渋谷 ORGAN BAR 11/26 青森 SUNSHINE 11/27 仙台 PARK SQUARE 12/17 台��� APA mini 12/18 台北 REVOLVER 12/22 名古屋 CLUB UPSET 12/23 下北沢 BASEMENT BAR

2017年 (28本) 1/7 新代田 FEVER 1/14 渋谷 WWWX 1/23 下北沢 SHELTER 2/10 新代田 FEVER 2/18 下北沢 THREE 2/24 渋谷TOWER RECORD 2/25 金沢 CLUB MANIER 2/26 新潟 WOODY 3/24 銀座 HUNTER 3/30 新宿LOFT 4/15 GO OUT CAMP FES 4/25 新代田 FEVER 9/1 名古屋 QUATTRO 9/10 大阪 SHANGRI-LA 9/11 名古屋 QUATTRO 9/15 渋谷 WWWX 9/26 下北沢 THREE 10/1 新木場 STUDIO COAST 10/10 日本橋 三井ホール 11/3 KOYABU SONIC 2017 11/8 渋谷 7th FLOOR 11/19 下北沢 CLUB QUE 11/21 下北沢 CLUB QUE 12/1 下北沢 THREE 12/2 恵比寿 LIQUID ROOM 12/10 札幌 PIGSTY 12/22 新宿 LOFT 12/29 恵比寿 LIQUID ROOM

2018年 (34本) 1/27 新代田FEVER 2/22 下北沢 CLUB Que 3/18 志賀高原 SMBL 2018 3/23 京都 磔磔 3/25 渋谷 WILD ROVER 2018 3/31 新宿 Red Cloth 4/3 銀座 HUNTER 4/8 恵比寿 LIQUIDROOM 4/17 下北沢BASEMENT BAR 4/27 渋谷 Club Malcolm 4/29 大阪CONPASS 5/5 広島 CLUB QUATTRO 5/6 福岡 EARLY BELIEVERS 5/10 新代田FEVER 5/24 柏CAMPASS FES 5/31 下北沢SHELTER 6/1 下北沢 THREE 6/15 下北沢 THREE (100回目) 6/16 新代田FEVER 7/16 大阪 味園ユニバース 7/21 佐賀 LIVING ALOHA 2018 7/25 渋谷 club asia 8/6 新代田FEVER 8/10 下北沢 CLUB Que 9/15 NEW ACOUSTIC CAMP 2018 9/21 代官山 UNIT 9/26 渋谷 WWWX 9/29 日比谷野外音楽堂 10/9 代官山 UNIT 11/22 下北沢 THREE 12/1 下北沢 GARDEN 12/8 新代田 FEVER 12/16 渋谷 club asia 12/22 横浜 BAY HALL

2019年 (47本) 1/6 新代田 FEVER 1/13 苫小牧ELLCUBE 1/14 札幌 Spund Lab mole 2/1 新宿LOFT 2/2 仙台 CLUB SHAFT 2/16 四日市 Club Chaos 2/17 大阪CONPASS 2/24 下北沢BASEMENT BAR 3/9 下北沢BASEMENT BAR 3/24 渋谷 WILD ROVER 2019 3/27 東京タワー CONVERSE PARTY 4/13 福岡 SKALA ESPACIO 4/26 渋谷 Club Malcolm 4/28 湯河原 音泉歌謡祭 5/10 宮古島 FUNKY FLAMINGO 5/11 宮古島 MIYAKO ROCK FES 2019 5/12 千葉 GROOVE TUBE FES 5/18 ACO CHiLL CAMP 2019 5/19 恵比寿 LIQUIDROOM 5/21 下北沢BASEMENT BAR 6/11 新代田FEVER 10周年 6/12 新宿 LOFT 6/15 豊橋 club KNOT 6/16 京都 CLUB METRO 7/15 味園ユニバース 8/3 広島 因島 SETOUCHI BEACH JAM 9/8 下北沢 SHELTER w/DOBERMAN 9/15 扇島東公園 BAYCAMP 2019 9/22 島根 松江 AZTIC canova 10/1 下北沢 SHELTER 10/6 渋谷 club asia 10/13 下北沢 BASEMENT BAR 10/13 渋谷LA MAMA 全感覚祭 10/19 大阪 NOON 10/20 名古屋 神前津 zion 10/26 京都 METRO 10/27 幡ヶ谷 RE:BIRTH STUDIO 11/3 静岡 焼津 FEVER OF SHIZUOKA 11/15 下北沢 SHELTER 11/17 下北沢 THREE 11/21 渋谷 WWWX 11/30 新宿 LOFT 12/7 長野 CLUB JUNKBOX 12/8 下北沢 BASEMENT BAR 12/21 渋谷 CLUB QUATTRO 12/27 名古屋 JAMMIN’ 12/28 江ノ島 OPPA-LA

2020年 (14本) 1/11 新代田 FEVER 1/15 新代田 FEVER 1/16 横浜 F.A.D 1/26 新代田 FEVER 1/28 下北沢 SHELTER 2/11 新代田 FEVER 2/16 大阪 CONPASS 3/2 名古屋 CLUB QUATTRO 3/3 大阪 梅田 CLUB QUATTRO 3/8 水戸 LIGHT HOUSE 3/10 渋谷 CLUB QUATTRO 7/27 新代田 FEVER 配信 10/31 渋谷WWWX 12/19 新宿LOFT URASUJI

2021年 (12本) 1/25 WWW 配信 3/6 大阪 SUNHALL 5/22 吉祥寺WARP 7/10 下北沢 SHELTER 8/6 広島 CLUB QUATTRO 8/22 苗場 FUJI ROCK FES 2021 9/4 新代田FEVER 10/16 富山 MAIRO 10/26 下北沢 SHELTER 11/27 川崎 CITTA 11/28 横浜 F.A.D. 12/4 福岡 天国

2022年 (15本) 2/18 FLOWERS LOFT 3/12 高崎 5/15 横浜 F.A.D 5/20 渋谷 LEVI’S SHOP 配信 6/4 大阪SUNHALL 6/5 和歌山 NO’11 7/2 新宿 LOFT 7/23 軽井沢 舞鳥祭 7/24 名古屋 UPSET 8/30 下北沢 SHELTER 9/12 下北沢 CLUB QUE 11/6 川崎 CLUB CITTA 11/12 吉祥寺 CRAFT ROCK 2022 11/30 原宿 RUIDO 12/2 渋谷 WWWX

2023年 (10本) 1/8 新代田 FEVER 2/25 荻窪 TOP BEAT CLUB 3/26 大阪 CONPASS 4/16 下北沢 BASEMENT BAR 5/3 新宿 LOFT 5/14 千葉 GROOVE TUBE FES 2023 6/17 新宿 LOFT 7/21 四日市 CHAOS 7/22 神戸 VARIT 1st.Season LAST 12/15 新代田 FEVER

[ciyapaofficial]

Top 10 Bollywood Actresses In India Who Hit The List In 2022-2023

Bollywood has always been a source of entertainment and inspiration for millions in India and worldwide. With each passing year, the Indian film industry introduces new talent and showcases the talent of existing actors. In 2023, many Bollywood actresses have proven their mettle till now and won the hearts of audiences with their performances. 

In this blog, we will look at the Bollywood top 10 actresses in India who have hit the list in 2023. From seasoned veterans to emerging stars, these actresses have captivated audiences with their acting skills, charisma, and beauty, and continue to make a mark in the Indian film industry. Let's check out!!

Most Popular Bollywood Actresses In 2022-23

1. Deepika Padukone

Following her debut in Om Shanti Om alongside Bollywood's king, Shahrukh Khan, this actress rose to fame. She has three Filmfare Awards to her name. She is on the list of one of Bollywood's highest-paid actress figures in the nation and was included in Time magazine's 2018 list of the 100 influential people in the world. 

She is the offspring of renowned badminton player Prakash Padukone from India. When younger, Deepika also desired to play badminton for her country, but she gave up that dream in favour of a modelling career. Padukone made her Hollywood debut in the action film XXX: Return of Xander Cage (2017), co-starring with Vin Diesel.

2. Katrina Kaif

She is a stunning actress who gained notoriety for her powerful performance in the movie Boom. Her career has gone through several ups and downs since then. She performed admirably in several mainstream and vintage movies, winning her admirers' respect. She is a renowned Bollywood actress for her stunning physique, sensual appearance, and skin tone.

She has become one of the most beautiful Bollywood divas because of her amazing achievement in less than five years. She has been nominated for four Filmfare Awards. She started as a child model and has since made a name for herself in the industry. Kaif had a successful modelling & acting career in India.

3. Alia Bhatt

Alia Bhatt is one of the most sought-after actresses in Bollywood. She debuted in 2012 with the film "Student of the Year'' and has since delivered numerous hit films. In 2023, Alia continued to dominate the industry with her powerful performances and impressive box office records. She has been listed among Forbes India's Celebrity 100 since 2014. 

And in 2017 she was listed among Forbes Asia 30 Under 30. Her portrayal of Sita in the film "RRR'' was highly anticipated and received critical acclaim. She also starred in the film "Gangubai Kathiyawadi," where she played the lead role and received the title for the "Best Actress In Leading Role" in Dada Saheb Phalke Award Ceremony for her performance. 

Alia is known for her versatility and has proven her mettle in both commercial and critically acclaimed films, making her one of the most talented Bollywood actresses. 

4. Anushka Sharma

Anushka Sharma, is a former runway model, now an actor and producer. This Bollywood top actress made her acting debut in the 2008 movies "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi'' and "Band Baaja Baaraat," for which she was nominated for a Filmfare Award for Best Actress in Both pictures. In a short period, Anushka Sharma rose to fame as an artist. She is a Filmfare Award winner.

NH10, Pari: Not a Fairy Tale and Phillauri are just a few of the productions that Sharma has worked on with Clean Slate Films, a company co-founded by her. She runs her women's clothing company, Nush, and supports several causes and organisations, such as animal rights and gender equality. 

The talented Indian cricketer Virat Kohli is Sharma's husband. She has received the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals "Person of the Year'' award (PETA).

5. Shraddha Kapoor

She is from a Bollywood-connected family with a long history. Her first movie was Teen Patti, in which she acted alongside Amitabh Bachchan. Yet after "Aashiqui 2," which was adored by viewers, she had success in her life. This highest-paid Bollywood actress received a Filmfare Award nomination for Best Actress for Aashiqui 2. 

She is a well-known brand ambassador for numerous companies and goods. In addition to launching her apparel line in 2015, she also became associated with the effervescent beverage Shunya in 2021. Lakmé, Veet, Lipton, and Marico's Hair & Care, among other brands, are represented by this Bollywood top actress.

6. Kriti Sanon

Kriti Sanon is one of the hot Indian actresses in Bollywood. She won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut for the action-comedy she starred in as her first Bollywood film, Heropanti. 

Sanon has since starred in several financially successful films, Bareilly Ki Barfi, Luka Chuppi, Mimi, and Hum Do Hamare Do. Her highest-grossing films were the comedy-action romance Dilwale (2015) and, consequently, the comedy movie Housefull (2019).

7. Sara Ali Khan

Sara Ali Khan Pataudi is yet another highest-paid Bollywood actress. She was born on August 12, 1995. She was reared in the Pataudi dynasty and is the daughter of the actors' Amrita Singh and Saif Ali Khan. 

After graduating from Columbia University, Khan debuted in the 2018 movies Kedarnath and Simmba. This Bollywood actress won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut for the first of her critically and financially successful movies.

8. Kiara Advani

Any list of the most alluring Bollywood actresses does include Kiara Advani. She made her Bollywood debut in the 2014 movie Fugly. The Bollywood film M. S. Dhoni: The Untold Story helped her gain a following among fans. 

Among her best are the Bollywood movies Kabir Singh, Good Newz, Laxmii, and Shershaah. She ranked among top 10 most attractive Bollywood actresses in 2023 because of how talented and fashionable this hot Indian actress is.

9. Ananya Pandey

With roles in the comedy movies "Pati Patni Aur Woh" and the adolescent drama "Student of the Year 2", this Bollywood actress launched her acting career in 2019. These performances helped her win the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. She has since appeared in the romantic comedy Gehraiyaan (2022). 

10. Disha Patani

This Bollywood actress made her acting debut in Varun Tej's Loafer (2015), a Telugu movie, and gained notoriety for her performance in the sports biopic M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story (2016). Following that, she appeared in the commercially successful Hindi flicks Baaghi 2 (2018) and Bharat and the Chinese action comedy Kung Fu Yoga (2017). (2019). 

Patani completed filming for her roles in Karan Johar's Yodha opposite Sidharth Malhotra and Mohit Suri's Ek Villain Returns alongside Tara Sutaria, Arjun Kapoor, and John Abraham. 

Conclusion

The world of Bollywood is home to some of the most talented and beautiful actresses in the industry. With each passing year, we witness new faces and fresh talent who capture the audience's hearts with their exceptional acting skills and stunning looks. 

The Bollywood top 10 actresses who hit the list in 2022 are blessed with beauty and immense talent that has won them millions of fans worldwide. With their hard work and dedication, these hot Indian actresses have managed to carve a niche for themselves in the competitive world of Bollywood, inspiring countless young women to pursue their dreams and make it big in the industry.

[reasonsforhope]

!!! More info and details below. Thanks for posting, OP!!

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"The snow leopard population in Kazakhstan has rebounded to near-historic levels, with an estimated 152 to 189 individuals now residing in the country. This marks a significant achievement in conservation efforts, as such numbers were last observed in the 1980s. Despite this progress, human activity remains the most significant threat to the survival of this elusive predator.

Known as the irbis, the snow leopard is listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List and the national Red Books of all 12 countries within its range. In Kazakhstan, these majestic predators reside in mountainous areas such as the Altai, Tien Shan, Zhetysu Alatau, and other large mountain systems.

Since 2018, Kazakhstan has implemented a snow leopard conservation project under the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). As a result, the snow leopard population has increased by more than 26% since 2019. Alexei Grachev, executive director of the Snow Leopard Foundation and head of the Snow Leopard Monitoring Center, noted that the species’ numbers have stabilized, with protected areas playing a crucial role in their survival."

-via The Times of Central Asia, December 30, 2024

No commentary because I am putting all my energy toward staying awake til midnight, but wanted to share this last bit of good news for 2024 before we dive into 2025. Here's to us getting more good news amid the maelstrom; wishing you all well as the year turns.

[industrynewsupdates]

A Comprehensive Overview of Pest Control Service Market Landscape

The global pest control service market size is estimated to reach USD 34.3 billion by 2030, registering to grow at a CAGR of 6.3% from 2024 to 2030 according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. Changing climate and rise in temperature are acting as major catalysts for the rising demand for pest control services. Other factors such as increasing commercial and residential projects and intolerance for pests are fueling the market growth.

Moreover, the increasing popularity of the usage of biocides is supporting market growth. Factors such as environmental friendly nature and replacement for traditional pesticides are increasing the product demand. For instance, Rentokil has registered CO2 for use in the control of rodents under EU biocidal regulations. The company is continuing to work in the areas of insect and rodent control.

Companies in the market are focusing on strategies, such as mergers and acquisitions, in order to gain market share and increase their service footprint. For instance, as per The Potomac Company, in 2018, Rentokil, ServiceMaster, and Rollins have spent USD 359, 254, and 77 million, respectively on pest control acquisition. In 2019, Rentokil Initial PLC had carried out 41 acquisitions in 23 countries. The company had acquired 30 pest control, 8 hygiene, and 3 Ambius businesses, generating annualized revenues in the year prior to purchase of USD 155.2 million (Euro 137 million). The company has carried acquisitions in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Dutch Antilles, Finland, France, Greece, Indonesia, Malaysia, Peru, Poland, Spain, Tanzania, Thailand, the U.K., and the U.S. Moreover, the company has entered new markets of Jordan, Sri Lanka, and Uruguay.

In terms of application, the commercial segment is estimated to expand at the fastest CAGR from 2024 to 2030. The growing commercial sector, coupled with strict rules and regulations, is acting as a major factor for the segment growth. Moreover, businesses have a multiyear contract with the service providers, leading to continuous revenue generation for the contract holding companies.

Gather more insights about the market drivers, restrains and growth of the Pest Control Service Market

Pest Control Service Market Report Highlights

• The commercial segment dominated the market in 2023. Commercial spaces have more rigorous health and safety rules, necessitating regular pest control to keep the environment healthy and free from pests.

• The residential segment is anticipated to grow at a significant CAGR over the forecast period.

• The insects segment dominated the market and accounted for a share of 42.4% in 2023. Insects such as mosquitoes and ticks can cause severe harm to human health and transmit diseases.

• North America pest control service market dominated the market with a revenue share of 48.1% in 2023.

Pest Control Service Market Segmentation

Grand View Research has segmented the global pest control service market based on application, end-use, and region:

Pest Control Service Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

• Residential

• Commercial

Pest Control Service End-use Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

• Insect

• Rodents

• Termite

• Mosquito

• Others

Pest Control Service Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

• North America

o U.S.

o Canada

• Europe

o Germany

o UK

o France

o Italy

o Spain

• Asia Pacific

o China

o Japan

o India

o Australia

• Latin America

o Brazil

o Argentina

• Middle East and Africa (MEA)

o Saudi Arabia

o South Africa

Order a free sample PDF of the Pest Control Service Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.

[rabbitcruiser]

Native American Heritage Day

National Native American Heritage Day is observed on November 29, a day after Thanksgiving. American Indians are accorded special honor on this day, and their rich cultures, accomplishments, contributions, and heritage are celebrated. The history of America begins with Native Americans, and the bald eagle on the U.S. shield is an Iroquois symbol. On this day, we can enjoy displays of their cultural fashion and unique recipes and speak out against the grave injustices they have experienced.

History of Native American Heritage Day

Dr. Arthur C. Parker of the Seneca nation first protested for National Native American Heritage Day between 1912 and 1915. At first, he was fighting for an “American Indian Day” to be recognized within the Boy Scouts of America. In 1990, President George H. W. Bush signed into law the legislation introduced by Congressman Joe Baca, to designate the day after Thanksgiving as American Indian Heritage Day. The law was established on November 28 as a day to pay respects to the Native Americans for their numerous contributions to the United States. The American Indian Heritage Day was supported by the National Indian Gaming Association (NIGA) and 184 federally recognized tribes.

The Native American Heritage Day encourages Americans of all backgrounds to appreciate the indigenous cultures appropriately, with ceremonies and activities. Schools are also encouraged to enhance their students’ awareness of Native Americans by providing classroom activities focused on their history, contributions, and achievements.

The United States House of Representatives initially passed the Native American Heritage Day Act of 2009, with technical adjustments made by a collective consent in the United States Senate. The House of Representatives unanimously voted to pass the legislation again, including the Senate’s adjustments. The legislation was then signed into public law by President Barack Obama on October 30, 2009.

Native American Heritage Day and Month is a huge platform for Indigenous people to educate society about their communities. On this day, more than ever, they lead the discourse on culture, celebrate their heritage by donning traditional footwear (“rocking the moccasin”), and shed some light on the diverse tribal communities.

Native American Heritage Day timeline

12,000 B.C. The Native American Origin

Archaeologists believe Native Americans might have crossed into America from Asia at about 12,000 B.C.

1912 American Indian Day

Dr. Arthur C. Parker of the Seneca nation begins his fight for the Boy Scouts of America to recognize an “American Indian Day.”

1924 Native American Citizenship

After Congress enacts the Indian Citizenship Act, Native Americans are finally granted citizenship in their indigenous country.

1976 Native American Awareness Week

President Gerald R. Ford declares the first national, week-long observance for American Indians.

1990 National American Indian Heritage Day

President George H. W. Bush signs a resolution establishing the national holiday.

2009 National Native American Heritage Month

President Barack Obama declares the month of November as National Native American Heritage Month.

2018 Elected Native American Women

Sharice Davids and Deb Haaland are the first Native American women elected to Congress.

2019 Native American Census

The population of Indigenous People in the United States is 6.9 million, 2.09% of the country’s population.

Native American Heritage Day FAQs

What is the more appropriate term to use, American Indian or Native American?

Both terms are appropriate.

Do American Indians pay taxes?

Yes, they do. Both tribes and individual American Indians pay taxes, except those who work on a reservation.

How are tribes organized?

Tribes have innate rights to govern under their own systems of government. Tribal governments have various structures, and several of them have adopted constitutions, while others retain traditional methods of rulership. The governor of a tribe is commonly called the tribal chairperson, chief, governor, or president.

How to Observe Native American Heritage Day

Know the facts

Be socially active

Cook like a true Native American

Watch documentaries or read books that properly represent Native American history and culture. Take a tour of a Native American museum or heritage center near you.

Participate on social media or in online events observing Native American Heritage Day. TikTok’s #NativeFamily is a famous Native American Heritage community.

Choose a Native American meal to make. Try Three Sisters Soup, Pemmican, or simple Buffalo Stew. Native American meals are famously delightful, so try out some of their decadent recipes.

5 Facts About Native Americans

Their median age is 31

Few Native Americans hold a professional degree

They own over 24,000 businesses

There are hundreds of Indian tribes

The sequoia tree has a namesake

Native Americans consider the age of 31 as middle age.

8% of Native Americans over 25 have a graduate or professional degree.

American Indians and Alaska Natives own about 24,503 businesses in the U.S.

As of 2020, the number of federally recognized Indian tribes equals 574.

The giant redwood tree is named after the Cherokee leader Sequoyah, who helped develop the Cherokee alphabet.

Why Native American Heritage Day is Important

To accord rightful respect

For appropriate involvement in their culture

We learn and educate others

It is a day to honor and recognize the indigenous people’s contributions to the United States. An official holiday enlightens people on how to do this right.

We take part in the rich and diverse art, culture, and tradition of the Native people. This particular day allows us to bask in the beauty and uniqueness of their heritage, experiencing its multifaceted nature.

We learn and are inspired by how tribal citizens have synergized to conquer these challenges, and we hear these stories from the Natives themselves. It is the perfect chance to educate the public, to raise awareness about the unique challenges Native people have faced, past and present.

Sourcec

[eximpedia1]

India’s Sugar Industry: Production, Export, and Market Insights

Sugar plays a vital role in the global food processing industry, particularly in baking and confectionery. Among the widely used types are granulated, caster, icing, and jam-setting sugar. With the rapid rise in sugar consumption worldwide, countries like India and Brazil have emerged as leading players in meeting global demand. India, in particular, is a key producer, consumer, and exporter of sugar. This article delves into India’s sugar production, export trends, top exporters, and much more.

India’s Sugar Production: A Key Global Contributor

India boasts the second-largest agro-based sugarcane and sugar industry globally, following cotton. With states like Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka leading production, India is a powerhouse in sugarcane farming and sugar manufacturing. Uttar Pradesh, in particular, consistently leads with significant contributions to national production.

In the 2023–2024 fiscal year, India produced approximately 34 million metric tonnes of sugar. This production involved over 1,084.57 lakh tonnes of sugarcane processed in 118 mills across Uttar Pradesh. Beyond its economic contributions, the industry supports the livelihoods of rural sugarcane farmers and employs nearly 500,000 workers in sugar mills, generating a gross value-added output of 806 billion INR.

The Economic Impact of India’s Sugar Industry

In 2023, the global industrial sugar market was valued at USD 46.4 billion and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.0%, reaching USD 59.1 billion by 2028. India is a significant contributor to this growth. Domestically, India’s sugar market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.87%, reaching USD 9.791 billion by 2028, with the branded sugar segment alone estimated to hit USD 1.47 billion by 2029.

The increasing demand for processed foods, beverages, and desserts drives the growth of India’s sugar industry. With sugar deeply integrated into Indian and global culinary habits, the demand trajectory appears robust.

India’s Role as a Leading Sugar Exporter

Sugar export from India have witnessed remarkable growth in recent years. In 2023, the country’s sugar export value reached USD 4.32 billion, a significant leap from USD 0.93 billion in 2018. India's share in the global sugar export market also increased from 4.17% in 2018 to 12.21% in 2023.

Favorable agricultural policies and robust production standards fuel India’s position as the second-largest sugar exporter globally. Southeast Asia and Africa are key regions driving demand for Indian sugar.

Sugar Export Trends and Data for 2023–24

Despite India’s success in the export market, the government restricted sugar exports for the 2023–24 marketing year (October–September) to stabilize domestic prices and ensure sufficient local supply. However, exports to the US and European Union under TRQ quotas were exempted from these restrictions.

In the fiscal year 2024, India managed to export 3 million metric tons of sugar, which includes a variety of products such as:

White Crystal Sugar

Brown Sugar

Icing/Fondant Sugar

Organic Sugar

Jaggery (Round and Powder)

Pharmaceutical Sugar

Export Prices of Indian Sugar (2023)

Export prices vary depending on the type of sugar. Below are a few examples:

Icumsa Sugar (Less Than 100): ₹36.50/kg

Palm Jaggery: ₹35/kg

Pure Sugarcane Jaggery: ₹55/kg

S-30 Grade Sugar: ₹32/kg

Major Export Destinations (2022–23)

Indonesia: ₹67.47 billion

Bangladesh: ₹42.68 billion

Sudan: ₹41.99 billion

United Arab Emirates: ₹22.38 billion

Somalia: ₹21.73 billion

Indonesia remains the largest importer of Indian sugar, reflecting the country’s strong trade ties and competitive pricing.

Top 10 Sugar Exporters in India

India’s sugar industry includes prominent players contributing to both domestic supply and export growth. Here’s a look at the major sugar exporters in India:

Balrampur Chini Mills Ltd. Produces 76,500 metric tonnes daily across multiple mills in Uttar Pradesh.

Triveni Engineering and Industries Operates seven advanced sugar plants certified for pharmaceutical-grade sugar production.

Bajaj Hindustan Ltd. Produces 135,000 metric tonnes of sugar daily and exports to Asia and Europe.

Shree Renuka Sugars Processes 1.38 million metric tonnes of raw sugar annually.

Dhampur Sugar Mills Ltd. Known for refined sulfurless sugar and biofertilizer production.

Dwarikesh Sugar Industries Ltd. Achieves 21,500 metric tonnes in annual sugar production.

EID Parry (India) Operates facilities with a daily crushing capacity of 40,300 metric tonnes.

Panacea Foods Specializes in brown sugar export using integrated production technologies.

Vitthalrao Shinde Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. Engages in research and exports white crystal sugar globally.

Nizam Sugars Asia's largest sugar plant, is located in Telangana.

How to Access Comprehensive Sugar Export Data

For businesses seeking to enter or expand in the sugar export market, platforms like Eximpedia offer valuable insights. With sugar export data on top exporters, HS codes, and global trade trends, Eximpedia equips users to navigate market complexities effectively.

Final Thoughts

India’s sugar industry is a pillar of its agro-based economy and a global leader in production and export. Whether you’re a seasoned exporter or a newcomer, understanding market trends, maintaining quality standards, and leveraging export data are essential to success. Platforms like Eximpedia provide a gateway to detailed trade insights, ensuring businesses can thrive in the competitive global sugar market.

If you’re ready to elevate your sugar export business, schedule a free demo with Eximpedia.app and gain access to exclusive market data today!

[environmentaltreaties]

Seminar 4 - Regimes dealing with desertification and sustainable land management (15 October 2024)

In this week's seminar we will primarily engage with the treaty regime of the (1994) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. This treaty regime, which has often been described as an half-environmental, half-developmental treaty, has evolved quite significantly over the past decades. It is critically interconnected with the climate change and biodiversity regimes. It is equally relevant to the sustainable management of forests and other terrestrial ecosystems. During the seminar, we will discuss the circumstances under which the UNCCD was negotiated and adopted, how it has evolved over time, and how it relates with other international instruments that are relevant to the achievement of SDG 15 (Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.

This seminar will be led by Dr Antonio Cardesa-Salzmann.

Guiding questions

Completion requirements

How does the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) contribute to SDG15 (Life on Land)? Is its contribution limited to target 15.3? Or does it equally contribute to other targets on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, forests, mountain ecosystems, and the protection of biodiversity in general?

The UNCCD has pioneered a decentralised, bottom-up approach later emulated elsewhere: does the regional implementation strengthen its implementation? Why (or why not)?

Would a human rights-based approach support the implementation of the UNCCD? Consider its pros, as well as any cons.

How have the UNCCD treaty bodies evolved over time?

How does the UNCCD link up institutionally with the other Rio Conventions (UNFCCC and CBD)?

M7930 Environmental Treaties: Fragmentation & Regime Interactions / M9850 International Environmental Law

Required reading

Completion requirements

Treaties (for reference):

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa, 18 October 1994 (1995) 1954 UNTS 3

UNCCD COP Decisions:

Decision 7/COP.13: The future strategic framework of the Convention (UN Doc. ICCD/COP(13)/21/Add.1).

Decision 7/COP.15: Modalities, criteria and terms of reference for a midterm evaluation of the 2018-2030 Strategic Framework of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UN Doc. ICCD/COP(15)/23/Add.1).

Academic publications:

E. Morgera, 'SDG15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, and halt biodiversity loss', in J. Ebbesson & E. Hey (eds), The Cambridge Handbook of Sustainable Development Goals and International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2022), pp. 376-398. Available here.

N. Laurens, 'Institutional Adaptation in Slow Motion: Zooming In on Desertification Governance' (2023) 23 Global Environmental Politics, 31-53.

A. Cardesa-Salzmann, 'Combating Desertification in Central Asia: Finding New Ways to Regional Stability through Environmental Sustainability?' (2014) 13 Chinese Journal of International Law 203-231.

Z. Akshatayeva, L. Yerkinbayeva, G. Aigarinova and D. Saipinov, 'Legal Problems in Implementation of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification' (2019) 49 Environmental Policy and Law 30-35.

Further reading

Completion requirements

IPCC Reports

Intergovernmental Panel on the Climate Change, Climate Change and Land. An IPCC Special Report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (2019). Summary for Policymakers available here.

Academic publications

A Rechkemmer, Postmodern Global Governance. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (Nomos, 2004).

B Kjellen, 'The Saga of the Convention to Combat Desertification: The Rio/Johannesburg Process and the Global Responsibility for the Drylands', (2003) 12 Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 127-132.

W C Burns, 'The International Convention to Combat Desertification: Drawing a Line in the Sand?' (1995) 16 Michigan Journal of International Law 831-882.

[cacatoto-2024]

Rorian Pratyaksa

Rorian Pratyaksa (lahir 20 Oktober 1991) adalah seorang pengusaha dan tokoh pemuda Indonesia. Saat ini, ia merupakan CEO dari Woobiz[2][3] sejak November 2018. Pada tahun 2018 ia masuk ke dalam daftar 30 under 30 oleh Majalah Forbes Asia[4][5]. Selanjutnya, di tahun 2019 ia mendapatkan penghargaan sebagai alumni muda terbaik dari Australia Global Alumni

[mykpoplovers]

‘BamBam’ becomes Xiaomi Southeast Asia’s 1st Ambassador

Reflecting one’s talent, wisdom, and excellence with the latest Redmi smartphones, ’Redmi Note 13 Series - Every shot iconic’

KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia, January 15, 2024 – Xiaomi today announced its collaboration with ‘BamBam Kunpimook’, also known as BamBam from GOT7, as the first ambassador for Xiaomi Southeast Asia at its latest ‘Redmi Note 13 Series’ launch event in Thailand's capital city,Bangkok.

Xiaomi is well-recognized for being a world-leading technology brand that designs and manufactures smartphones and various AIoT devices for everyone including the new generation who have outstanding lifestyles and being self-assured. This collaboration is inspired by the concept of 'Every Shot Iconic' from ‘Redmi Note 13 Series’, and will significantly enhance communication and reflect the Redmi brand image, aligning with Redmi Note 13 Series’ core concept ‘Every shot iconic’. Moreover, it will inspire new generations around the world, as BamBam serves as an excellent role model who has showcased his great effort and skills in his unique way, representing the new generation’s wise use of technology.

Redmi Note 13 Series launched under the concept of Every shot iconic consisting of 4 models; Redmi Note Series 13 Pro+ 5G, Redmi Note Series 13 Pro 5G, Redmi Note Series 13 5G and Redmi Note 13. The series highlighted features include ultra-high resolution 200MP main camera with optical image stabilization (OIS), impressive 1.5K 120Hz AMOLED curved display with durable Corning® Gorilla® Glass Victus®.

About Xiaomi Corporation

Xiaomi Corporation was founded in April 2010 and listed on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on July 9, 2018. Xiaomi is a consumer electronics and smart manufacturing company with smartphones and smart hardware connected by an IoT platform at its core.

Embracing our vision of “Make friends with users and be the coolest company in the users’ hearts”, Xiaomi continuously pursues innovations, high-quality user experience and operational efficiency. The company relentlessly builds amazing products with honest prices to let everyone in the world enjoy a better life through innovative technology.

Xiaomi is one of the world’s leading smartphone companies. In September 2023, MAU of MIUI reached approximately 623 million globally. The company has also established the world’s leading consumer AIoT (AI+IoT) platform, reached approximately 699 million smart devices connected to its platform (excluding smartphones, laptops and tablets) as of September 30, 2023. Xiaomi products are present in more than 100 countries and regions around the world. In August 2023, Xiaomi was included in the Fortune Global 500 list for the fifth year in a row, ranking 360th.

Xiaomi is a constituent of the Hang Seng Index, Hang Seng China Enterprises Index, Hang Seng TECH Index and Hang Seng China 50 Index.

For more information about Xiaomi as a company, please visit https://www.mi.com/global/discover/newsroom.

[mcgiggers]

Venice - May 2024

Just back from the Floating City which served as a beautiful backdrop for the 60th edition of La Biennale di Venezia, the world’s longest running and most extravagant contemporary art festival. Thematically grouped under the banner Foreigners Everywhere – Stranieri Ovunque, the exhibit privileged lesser-known artists from the global south who are foreigners, immigrants, expatriates, diasporic, exiled or refugees, and it showcased craft, tradition and the handmade which often is considered outsider or strange in the world of fine arts. The result was a marvelous adventure where some initial trepidation was quickly assuaged by an explosion of colours and creative renderings. In addition to the Biennale, numerous other exhibits and museum shows were staged concurrently throughout the city and visiting many of these in the two and a half days at hand made the experience that much more memorable.

Training for the Venice marathon was held in the hilltop village of Petritoli in the Le Marche region of Italy, where swims in the Adriatic, biking between neighboring towns and hiking in the Sibillini Mountains prepared the mind, body and soul for the viewing experience to come. The prelude to Venice also included a short stop in Monza and Carlazzo where family and food were graciously celebrated. Fuel throughout was local fare and featured Il Grecale’s calamarata in San Benadetto del Tronto, Antonio’s wood fired margherita pizza in Carlazzo and Osteria Ai Do Farai’s carpaccio di Branzino in Venice.

This year’s Biennale presented the works of over 330 artists, mostly first-time participants, and over 85 countries were represented with their own national pavilions. The principal venues were the Arsenale, a former Venetian military dockyard, which housed themed exhibits as well as some national pavilions, and the Giardini, a lush garden area at the mouth of the Grand Canal that is home to 30 or so permanent national pavilions and a Central Pavilion that featured a curated selection of works by artists from Latin America, Africa, the Middle East and Asia. In addition, there were numerous other Biennale offsite locations scattered about town.

Among the national pavilions, the Australian entry featuring Archie Moore’s monumental family tree dating back 65,000 years took top prize among in-the-know jurors.  Other standouts included: Canada with Kapwani Kiwanga’s sculptures and all-over bead work; Nigeria which featured the photography, sculpture and painting of eight artists; and Italy with Massimo Bartolini’s labyrinth of metal scaffolding and sound machines. The highlights in the themed sections included: Costantino Nivola’s “Bozzetto per lo show-room Olivetti a New York”, 1953, plaster casting on sand and polychromy; Dalton Paula’s “Chico Rei”, 2024, gold leaf and oil on canvas; Pacita Abad’s “You Have to Blend In, Before You Stand Out”, 1995, oil, painted cloth, sequins, buttons on stitched and padded canvas; Fanny Sanin’s ”Oil No. 7”, 1969, oil on canvas; and Kim Yun Shin’s “Add Two Add One, Divide Two Divide One”, 1979, Korean red pine wood.

Piggybacking on the Biennale fanfare, numerous museums and converted palazzos and churches also staged wonderful shows all over the city. Stops included: The Peggy Guggenheim Collection which displayed its permanent collection of 20th century masterworks by leading European and American artists; the “William de Kooning and Italy” exhibit at Galerie dell’Accademia di Venezia; Pierre Huyghe’s “Liminal” at Punta della Dogana; Julie Mehretu’s “Ensemble” at Palazzo Grassi; the “Beati Pacifici: The Disasters of War and the Hope for International Peace” from the Bailey Collection at Chiesa San Samuele; and Berlinde De Bruyckere’s “City of Refuge III” installation at the Abbazia di San Giorgio Maggiore. Particularly memorable were: Pierre Huyghe’s “Offspring”, 2018, sensor based self-generative system for sound and light; Julie Mehretu’s “Among the Multitude XIII”, 2021-2022, ink and acrylic on canvas (48 x 60 in.) and “Black City”, 2007, ink and acrylic on canvas ( 120 x 192 in.); and magnificent de Kooning statues, including “Cross-Legged Figure”, 1972, bronze (edition of 7 plus 3 AP) and “Clamdigger”, 1972, bronze (edition of 7 plus 3AP). As for the Bailey and De Bruyckere exhibits, both were eerie and beautiful and set in surreal repurposed church spaces which were worth seeing on their own.

Meanwhile, crunch time hoops were being played in the new world. Regrettably Crazy Eyes and his Pacers were efficiently ousted by the Celtics, and with that, Dino fans on the legacy bandwagon were left a bit short of reliving glory days through the success of former players. The show nonetheless must go on, and the finals will tip off featuring the dominant Celtics and the surprising Mavericks and arguably the best guard matchups in the game. As for the Dinos, the focus turns to the upcoming draft and planning for next season. As of yet, neither Crazy Eyes nor OG-Wan Kenobe have signed with the teams they were traded to, and, by now, they surely must realize that change is overrated. So maybe, just maybe, is a return to Jurassic Park a possibility? Highly unlikely. The Biennale runs through November 2024. With the next edition two years away, it would be great if the Dino rebuild was on the same timeline, but that’s probably being a bit too optimistic. The next few years will truly test the mettle of fans.

For more information on the Biennale, the other exhibits and the ongoing Raptor reset, “Just Google It”.

There you have it sportsfans,

MC Giggers

(https://mcgiggers.tumblr.com)

Reporter’s Certification

I, MC Giggers, hereby certify that the views expressed in this report accurately reflect my personal views and that no part of my compensation was or will be, directly or indirectly, related to the specific views expressed herein.

I also certify that I may or may not own, directly or indirectly, works of artists mentioned in this report and that I may or may not have a strong bias for such artists and, more generally, for “Pictures of Nothing”.

[anushkasharma852]

Anushka Sharma: From Army Brat to Bollywood Powerhouse

Anushka Sharma's name is synonymous with elegance, talent, and a strong work ethic. Born on May 1, 1988, in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh [Wikipedia: Anushka Sharma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anushka Sharma), her background is a blend of discipline and artistic leanings. Her father, Colonel Ajay Kumar Sharma, is a decorated army officer, while her mother, Ashima Sharma, is a homemaker. Growing up as an "army brat," Anushka developed a strong sense of independence and resilience, traits that would later serve her well in the demanding world of cinema.

Anushka's initial foray into the entertainment industry wasn't through acting. After completing her schooling in Bangalore, she pursued a career in modeling. Her striking beauty and confident presence caught the attention of fashion designer Wendell Rodricks, who gave her a coveted spot in his fashion show in 2007. This marked the beginning of a successful modeling career that opened doors to the world of Bollywood.

In 2008, Anushka landed her big break with the romantic comedy "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi" opposite Shah Rukh Khan. Her portrayal of a bubbly and spirited young woman captured hearts and established her as a promising newcomer. She followed this success with critically acclaimed films like "Band Baaja Baarat" (2010) and "Ladies vs Ricky Bahl" (2011), showcasing her versatility and comedic timing.

Anushka, however, wasn't content with just playing the quintessential Bollywood heroine. She actively sought out roles that challenged her and allowed her to break stereotypes. Her performance as a gritty hockey player in "Chak De! India" (2007) is a testament to her dedication.

Movies like "NH10" (2015), a dark thriller, and "Pari" (2018), a psychological horror film, further solidified her reputation as a serious actress unafraid to explore unconventional characters.

Anushka's success extends beyond critical acclaim. She has starred in numerous commercially successful films like "PK" (2014), "Sultan" (2016), and "Sanju" (2018), solidifying her position as a top-grossing actress Although she has been on a break from acting since the birth of her daughter in 2020, her upcoming sports biopic "Chakda Xpress," based on the life of cricketer Jhulan Goswami, is highly anticipated.

Anushka's influence extends beyond the silver screen. In 2012, she co-founded the production company Clean Slate Filmz with her brother Karnesh Sharma. This venture allows her to tell stories that resonate with her and champion new talent. She is also a successful entrepreneur, having launched her own fashion line, Nurbaa, in 2016.

Anushka's personal life has garnered significant attention. In 2017, she married Indian cricket captain Virat Kohli, and their social media presence makes them one of India's most popular power couples. Together, they are vocal advocates for various social causes, including animal rights and environmental issues.

Here are some interesting facts about Anushka Sharma:

She is a recipient of several prestigious awards, including a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for "Band Baaja Baarat."

Anushka was once listed in Forbes India's Celebrity 100 list and featured by Forbes Asia in their 30 Under 30 list.

She is a trained Kathak dancer and often showcases her graceful moves in films.

Anushka Sharma's journey from an army background to a leading Bollywood actress is an inspiration for many. Her dedication to her craft, her willingness to experiment with diverse roles, and her entrepreneurial spirit make her a true force to be reckoned with. With her captivating screen presence, her commitment to social causes, and her ever-evolving filmography, Anushka Sharma is undoubtedly a shining star in the Indian entertainment industry.

[aliabhatt578]

Alia Bhatt: Bollywood's Shining Star

Alia Bhatt's name is synonymous with success in Bollywood. From her captivating performances to her entrepreneurial ventures, she's become a force to be reckoned with both on and off-screen. But her journey to stardom is more than just filmi lineage (her father, Mahesh Bhatt, is a renowned filmmaker, and her mother, Soni Razdan, a celebrated actress). It's a story of dedication, talent, and a constant push to reinvent herself.

Born on March 15, 1993, Alia's early life was steeped in the world of cinema. While she attended Jamnabai Narsee School in Mumbai, she eventually left to pursue her acting dreams full-time. Her big-screen debut came in 2012 with Karan Johar's "Student of the Year." While the film itself received mixed reviews, Alia's charm and freshness were undeniable.

However, Alia wasn't content with being just another pretty face in Bollywood. She craved challenging roles that showcased her versatility. This desire led her to projects like "Highway" (2014) and "Udta Punjab" (2016). In "Highway," she played a young woman who develops an unexpected bond with her kidnapper. Her performance in "Udta Punjab," where she portrayed a Bihari migrant caught in the drug trade, was nothing short of powerful. These films not only garnered critical acclaim but also established Alia as a bold actress unafraid of unconventional characters.

Alia's ability to portray strong female characters continued to shine in films like "Raazi" (2018) and "Gangubai Kathiawadi" (2022). In "Raazi," she embodied the courage of an Indian spy undercover in Pakistan during the 1971 war. Her portrayal resonated deeply with audiences, showcasing the complexities of duty and love. "Gangubai Kathiawadi" saw her take on the layered role of a brothel madam seeking redemption. Alia's nuanced performance brought depth and humanity to a character often relegated to stereotypes.

But Alia's talent isn't confined to critically acclaimed films. Blockbusters like "Badrinath Ki Dulhania" (2017), "Kalank" (2019), and the recent phenomenon "RRR" (2022) showcased her ability to balance critical acclaim with mainstream success. These films solidified her position as a bankable star and a box-office powerhouse.

Alia's influence extends beyond acting. In 2014, she launched her own clothing line, 'It's Alia,' showcasing her entrepreneurial spirit and keen fashion sense. She's also a vocal advocate for various social causes, including mental health awareness and animal rights, proving that her compassion extends far beyond the silver screen.

Alia's personal life has also garnered significant attention. In 2022, she married actor Ranbir Kapoor, and in November of the same year, they welcomed their daughter, Raha. While Alia maintains a healthy boundary between her personal and professional life, she often shares glimpses of her happiness with her fans on social media.

Looking ahead, Alia's future seems nothing short of stellar. With a plethora of upcoming projects, including her Hollywood debut in "Heart of Stone" alongside Gal Gadot, she's constantly evolving and pushing herself to new heights.

Alia Bhatt's Accolades:

National Film Award for Best Actress (2016) for "Udta Punjab"

Six Filmfare Awards, including Best Actress for "Gully Boy" (2019)

Three IIFA Awards

Featured in Forbes India's Celebrity 100 list since 2014

Recognized by Forbes Asia in their 30 Under 30 list of 2017

Time Magazine's Time100 Impact Award (2022)

Alia Bhatt's story is an inspiration for aspiring actors and a testament to the power of hard work and dedication. With her infectious energy, captivating performances, and ever-evolving filmography, Alia Bhatt is undoubtedly a shining star who will continue to illuminate the world of cinema for years to come.

[industrynewsupdates]

Aluminum Casting Market Size, Share, Growth Analysis And Forecast, 2030

The global aluminum casting market size was valued at USD 90.97 billion in 2022 and is estimated to exhibit a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.1% from 2023 to 2030. 

The increasing use of aluminum in automobiles owing to its high strength and lightweight is likely to drive the market over the coming years. Nearly 30-40% of aluminum is being used per lightweight vehicle every year and is likely to reach 70% over the coming years owing to stringent regulations on reducing fuel emissions across the globe. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, the global sales of lightweight vehicles reached 17.385 million units in May 2019. Thus, increasing demand for lightweight vehicles on account of soaring environmental pollution, rising disposable incomes, and changing lifestyles of consumers is anticipated to boost the demand for aluminum casting.

Gather more insights about the market drivers, restrains and growth of the Aluminum Casting Market

Increasing demand for general utility and sports utility vehicles is anticipated to drive product demand in the U.S. For instance, according to the automotive consultancy firm, LMC Automotive, the U.S. is likely to have more than 90 mainstream SUV models by 2023. Moreover, automobile manufacturers in the country are under increasing pressure to meet the regulatory requirements pertaining to the environmental impact of vehicles. As per Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE), passenger cars are required to reach a fuel economy target of 54.5 miles per gallon by 2026 owing to the increasing emission of greenhouse gases, which, in turn, is anticipated to augment market growth.

The application scope of aluminum casting is widening to agricultural equipment, construction equipment, mining equipment, and other heavy-duty machinery. The growth in these types of machinery is largely attributed to developing economies such as India and Brazil, where there is a high need for modernizing equipment to attain greater levels of productivity and efficiency. India is among the largest manufacturers of farm equipment like tractors, tillers, and harvesters. Tractor sales in the country are expected to grow by nearly 8.0% from 2018 to 2022, thereby driving the market.

On the flip side, factors such as high prices of aluminum casting machinery, along with high investments in technological advancements in aluminum casting, are likely to hamper the market growth. Moreover, strict rules and guidelines laid down by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Environment Agency regarding harmful emissions into the environment during the casting process are likely to hinder market growth in the coming years.

Aluminum Casting Market Segmentation

Grand View Research has segmented the global aluminum casting market report based on process, end-use, and region:

Process Outlook (Volume, Kilotons; Revenue, USD Million; 2018 - 2030)

• Die casting

o Pressure die casting

o Others

• Permanent mold casting

• Others

End-Use Outlook (Volume, Kilotons; Revenue, USD Million; 2018 - 2030)

• Transportation

• Industrial

• Building & Construction

• Others

Regional Outlook (Volume, Kilotons; Revenue, USD Million; 2018 - 2030)

• North America

o U.S.

o Canada

o Mexico

• Europe

o Germany

o Italy

o France

o Russia

• Asia Pacific

o China

o India

o Japan

o South Korea

• Central & South America

o Brazil

• Middle East & Africa

o South Africa

Browse through Grand View Research's Advanced Interior Materials Industry Research Reports.

• The global sheet metal market size was valued at USD 188.31 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.0% from 2024 to 2030.

• The global mercury analyzer market size was estimated at USD 298.8 million in 2023 and is projected to to grow at a CAGR of 6.3% from 2024 to 2030. 

Key Companies & Market Share Insights

The market is competitive and is likely to expand on account of the growing penetration of aluminum castings in EVs. For instance, in September 2020, Tesla announced the installation of aluminum casting machines for the production of chassis at a German plant, for increasing its EV production. This enables the company to leverage the market growth. Some prominent players in the global aluminum casting market include:

• Walbro

• Alcoa Corporation

• Consolidated Metco, Inc.

• BUVO Castings

• RDW Wolf, GmbH

• Georg Fischer Ltd.

• Dynacast

• GIBBS

• Ryobi Limited

• Martinrea Honsel Germany GmbH

• Bodine Aluminum

• Alcast Technologies

• Endurance Technologies Limited

• Aluminum Corporation of China Limited

Order a free sample PDF of the Aluminum Casting Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.