#어야 되다

[koreanstudyjunkie]

4 Easy Korean Grammar

자마자, 아/어야 되다, 네요, 뿐만 아니라

There are 2 intermediate and 2 beginner grammar, although I think they are almost all around the upper beginner/low Intermediate range. Depending on your level, these will be very easy to learn compared to some other (more complicated) Korean grammar.

~ 자마자 (beginner)

~ 아/어야 되다 (intermediate)

~ 네요 (beginner)

~ (으)ㄹ뿐만 아니라 (intermediate)

V-자마자 = as soon as, right away

Usage: to Indicate that something occurs immediately after the end of some other event or action. It’s added to verbs and translated as “right after” or “as soon as” in English. -자마자 can also be shortened to just -자.

Base form → -자마자 = Ex: 보다 → 보자마자 - as soon as I see, as soon as I look, as soon as I watch

Examples:

수업이 끝나자마자 학생들은 교실을 나갔어요.

The students left the classroom right after class ended.

상자를 열자 오래된 책들과 문서가 보였습니다.

When I opened the box, I saw old books and documents.

가게에서 보자마자 마음에 들어서 바로 산 거야.

I bought it right away because I liked it as soon as I saw it at the store.

Rules To Know:

The tense in not expressed with the first verb before 자마자, but is added in the second verb.

Example:

집에 갔자마자 쉬었어요 (X) → 집에 가자마자 쉬었어요 (O)

The subjects in the first and/or second clause can either be the same or different and it’s still fine

A/V -아/어야 되다 = have to, should

Usage: To express an obligation or necessity to do something. The form can end with 아/어야 하다 or 아/어야 되다 with no change in meaning, although of -아/어야 되다 is more commonly used than -아/어야 하다.

Forms:

Verbs ending in vowel ㅏ or ㅗ + 아야 되다/하다:

가다 → 가야 되다/하다 = have to go

Verbs ending in vowel other thanㅏ or ㅗ + 어야 되다/하다:

읽다 → 읽어야 되다/하다 = have to read

하다 verbs → 해야 되다/하다:

공부하다 → 공부해야 되다/하다 = have to study

Examples:

시간이 늦어서 이만 집에 가야 해.

It's late, so I have to go home now.

그는 여자 친구에게 줄 꽃은 꼭 빨간 장미이어야 된다고 했어.

He said the flowers for his girlfriend must be red roses.

비 오는 날 운전할 때는 평소보다 더 조심하여야 돼요.

You should be more careful than usual when driving on a rainy day.

A/V/N - (이)네요 = really, certainly, wow

Usage: to express surprise when you learn something from an experience (not from another source) or agree with someone (experiencing the same thing)

Tense:

A/V -네요

N -(이)네요

학생 -> 학생이네요

의사 -> 의사(이)네요

Examples:

오늘은 날씨가 정말 좋네요.

Wow, the weather is really nice today.

백화점에 사람이 정말 많네요.

There are so many people at the store today.

가: 한국 음식을 잘 드시네요. = You eat Korean foods really well.

나: 네, 한국 음식이 아주 맛있어요. = Yes, Korea food is so delicious.

(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 = not only A but also B

Usage: to express that “not only what you said in the first sentence, but also what you said in the first sentence”. This can be without the -만 part added in too.

Tenses:

A/V (past) - 았/었을 뿐만 아니라

A/V (present) - 을/ㄹ 뿐만 아니라

N이다 - w/ consonants - 일 뿐만 아니라

N - w/ vowels - 뿐만 아니라

Examples:

지수는 예쁠 뿐만 아니라 성격도 좋아서 인기가 많네.

Not only is Jisoo pretty, but her personality is also really good, so she’s very popular.

승규는 약속 시간에 나타나지 않았을 뿐만 아니라 이후에도 연락이 없었어요.

Seungyu not only didn’t show up to our date on time, but also didn’t even contact me after.

[koreanstudygram]

(으)려던 참이다 “be just about to”, 2) -(으)려면 “if (you) intend to do ~” and 3) -(으)로 인해(서) “due to.”

1) -(으)려던 참이다 “be just about to”, 2) -(으)려면 “if (you) intend to do ~” and 3) -(으)로 인해(서) “due to.”

1 "(으)려던 참이다":

Sentence: 공부를 하려던 참이었는데, 졸린 탓에 못 했다.

Explanation: "(으)려던 참이다" expresses the intention or resolve to do something. It indicates that someone intended or was in the process of doing something, but something else interfered or prevented them from completing it. In the sentence, it conveys the idea that the speaker intended to study but couldn't because they were too tired.

2"-(으)려면":

Sentence: 한국어를 잘하려면 매일 연습해야 해요.

Explanation: "(으)려면" is used to indicate a condition or requirement for achieving a certain goal or purpose. It translates to "if (one) wants to…" or "in order to…". In the sentence, it states that in order to speak Korean well, one must practice every day.

3"-(으)로 인해(서)":

Sentence: 비가 많이 와서 교통이 막히게 되었습니다.

Explanation: "(으)로 인해(서)" means "because of" or "due to". It is used to explain the cause or reason behind a situation or outcome. In the sentence, it explains that heavy rain caused traffic congestion.

These grammar points are useful for expressing intention, condition, and cause in Korean sentences.

1.1 - (으)려던 참이다 means “be just about to.”

You can use it to tell a situation when you were just about to take an action.

In the expression of -(으)려던, -던 means something unfinished or incomplete.

In addition, this grammar has a word 참.

참 means “true” and has one more meaning, which is “a moment you do something.”

And Korean people often use this grammar -려던 참이다 with 그렇지 않아도, 안 그래도 “even before you said that” or 막 “just.”

About the usage of -(으)려던 참이다, you mainly apply this grammar with verbs.

If a verb stem does not have a final consonant, you attach -려던 참이다.

For example, 가다 “to go” does not have a final consonant, so you attach 려던 참이다 to the stem to make 가려던 참이다 “just about to go.”

And if a verb stem has a final consonant, you attach -으려던 참이다.

For example, 먹다 “to eat” has a final consonant.

So, you attach 으려던 참이다 to the stem to make 먹으려던 참이다 “just about to eat.”

그렇지 않아도 지금 막 전화하려던 참이었어요. Even before you said that, I was just about to call now.

Here, 전화하다 “to call” is a verb, which does not have a final consonant.

So, you add -려던 참이다 to make 전화하려던 참이다 “(I) was just about to call.”

Next example sentence in a dialogue.

ㄱ: 왜 거기 서 있어요? 앉으세요. Why are you standing there? Please have a seat.

ㄴ: 안 그래도 앉으려던 참이었어요. Even before you said that, I was just about to sit down.

Here, 앉다 “to sit down” is a verb which has a final consonant.

So, you add -으려던 참이다 to make 앉으려던 참이다 “was about to sit down.”

저도 나가려던 참이었는데 잘 됐네요. I was just about to go out, so it was good timing.

Here, 나가다 “to go out” is a verb which does not have a final consonant.

So, you add -려던 참이다 to make 나가려던 참이다 “(I) was just about to go out.”

1.2 -(으)려면 means “if (I) intend to do ~, if (I) want to do ~.”

Korean people often use this grammar with -아/어야 하다, 아/어야 되다“have to〜” or imperative sentences such as (으)세요 “please, do something.”

-(으)려면 follows verbs and if a verb stem does not have a final consonant, you attach -려면.

For example, 가다 “to go” does not have a final consonant, so you attach 려면 to the stem to make 가려면 “if (I) intend to go.”

If a verb stem has a final consonant, you attach -으려면.

For example, 먹다 “to eat” has a final consonant, so you attach -으려면 to make 먹으려면 “if (I) intend to eat.”

서울역으로 가는 버스를 타려면 어디로 가야 돼요? If I intend to take a bus heading to Seoul station, where should I go?

Here, 타다 “to take (a vehicle)” is a verb, which does not have a final consonant.

So, you add -려면 to make 타려면 “if I intend to take.” Let’s look at the next sentence.

예쁜 야경 사진을 찍으려면 한강으로 가세요. If you intend to take pictures of a beautiful night view, please go to Hangang River.

Here, 찍다 “to take (a picture)” is a verb which has a final consonant.

So, you add -으려면 to make 찍으려면 “if you intend to take.” As you can see, 가세요 means “Please, go” and this is a polite way of an imperative sentence.

한국에서 살려면 한국어 공부를 열심히 해야 돼요. If you want to live in Korea, you have to study Korean hard.

Here, 살다 “to live” is a verb, which has a final consonant ㄹ.

So, you add -려면 to make 살려면 “if you want to live.”

At the end of a sentence, 해야 돼요 gives a nuance of advice.

1.3 - (으)로 인해(서) means “due to ~.”

인해서 comes from a word 인하다, and 인(因) is a chinese character which describes a cause.

Therefore, this grammar also expresses a cause of a situation.

And you will use it in formal settings such as news, newspaper, or formal documents, but not often in casual conversations.

In casual conversations, native speakers often use -(으)로 “due to ~, with ~”, or 때문에 “because of”.

-로 인해(서) follows nouns, and if a noun does not have a final consonant, you attach -로 인해(서).

For example, 사고 an “accident” does not have a final consonant, so you attach 로 인해서 to make 사고로 인해서 “due to an accident.”

If a noun has a final consonant, you attach -으로 인해(서).

For example, 가뭄 “drought(drάʊt)” has a final consonant.

So, you attach “으로 인해서” to make 가뭄으로 인해서 “due to a drought.”

홍수로 인해서 피해를 입었어요. We were affected by a flood.

Here, 홍수 “flood” is a noun which does not have a final consonant.

So, you add -로 인해서 to make 홍수로 인해서 “due to a flood.”

이번 사태로 인해 많은 사람들이 직장을 잃었다. Due to this incident, many people lost their jobs.

Here, ���태 an “incident” is a noun which does not have a final consonant.

So, you add -로 인해서 to make 사태로 인해서 “due to an incident.”

개인적인 사정으로 인해 잠시 쉬겠습니다. Due to a personal circumstance, I will take a break for a while.

This is a useful sentence when you announce your leave of absence from work.

Here, 사정 “circumstance” is a noun which has a final consonant.

So, you add -으로 인해서 to make 사정으로 인해서 “due to a circumstance.”

Grammar explanations and sentences from web page link below

[learning-k0rean]

V STEM{*하}해야 되다 • V STEM{*(ㅗ,ㅏ)}아야 되다 • V STEM{≠(하,ㅏ,ㅗ)}어야 되다

[…·hae·ya dwoe·da] • […·a·ya dwoe·da] • […·eo·ya dwoe·da]

(necessity, obligation) should V, ought to V, must V, have to V

If V is from 하다 type ➡ 해야 되다 ending

If V STEM ends withㅏ or ㅗ ➡ 아야 되다 ending

Else ➡ 어야 되다 ending

⚠️ 되다 must be tensed.

[koreanstudyjunkie]

All Intermediate Korean Grammar

⚠️this is a masterlist of intermediate Korean grammar concept. If you want the beginner list, look here! If you want to download this list in order to print it or something similar, I turned it into a PDF and you can access it for free on my website - access it here!

Full List:

Expressing Supposition in Korean

1.1 A-아/어 보이다 or A-게 보이다 grammar = look like, seem like ~guess based on outward appearance

1.2 A/V-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다 grammar = it seems, I guess ~refer or guess a situation after observation

1.3 A/V-(으)ㄹ텐데 grammar= would, suppose…(so/but) ~express an expected future situation

1.4 A/V-(으)ㄹ 테니까 grammar = suppose,will...(because) ~give reason for suggestion or advice

1.5 A/V-(으)ㄹ걸요 grammar = probably, I think ~express assumption based on backup knowledge

1.6 A/V-(으)ㄴ/는/ㄹ 줄 몰랐다 and -(으)ㄴ/는/ㄹ 줄 알았다 grammar = I didn't know / I thought that

1.7 A/V-(으)ㄹ지도 모르다 grammar = might, may ~express a guess that something might happen

2. Expressing Contrast in Korean

2.1 A/V-기는 하지만, -기는 -지만 grammar = but (I think) ~express contrast with emphasis in different view or belief

2.2 A/V-(으)ㄴ/-는 반면에 grammar = but, while ~express opposite things

2.3 A-(으)ㄴ데도, V-는데도 grammar = although, despite that ~express a contrast

3. Expressing Reason in Korean

3.1 A/V-거든요 grammar = because ~used to respond to a question/statement to provide a reason/thinking

3.2 A/V-잖아(요) grammar = (1) as you know, (2) didn't I told that ~(1) remind listener about something, (2) rebuke listener

3.3 V-느라고 grammar = because, due to ~give a reason for a negative consequence

3.4 V-는 바람에 grammar = because, as a result ~give an unexpected reason for a negative consequence

3.5 A/V-고 해서 grammar = so, because (among all) ~give the main reason among reasons for doing action

3.6 A-(으)ㄴ 탓에/ V-는 탓에 grammar = due to, because ~give reason for a negative consequence

3.7 A/V-(으)ㄹ까 봐 grammar = be worried/afraid that ~express concern about something

3.8 N 덕분에, A/V-(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에 grammar = thanks to ~express the reason for the positive result of an action or state

4. Expressing Resolution and Intent in Korean

4.1 V-(으)ㄹ까 하다 grammar = be thinking of ~express a vague intention or uncertain plan

4.2 V-고자 (하다) grammar = did A to do B/ plan to ~express intention to do an action

4.3 V-(으)려던 참이다 grammar = be just about to ~the speaker is about to do something

4.4 V-(으)ㄹ 겸 (해서)/N 겸 grammar = and also ~express an action has two or more purposes

4.5 V-아/어야지(요) grammar = will do, must do ~express strong intention or decision to do something

5. Expressing Recommendation and Advice in Korean

5.1 V-ㄹ/을 만하다 grammar = be worth doing, deserve ~indicate something worth doing

5.2 V-도록 하다 grammar = please (be sure to) do ~suggest someone do something

5.3 V-지 그래요? grammar = why not, why don't ~suggest someone to do something

5.4 V-는 게 좋(겠)다 grammar = would better, be good to ~advice or suggest someone to do something

 

6. Expressing Recollection in Korean

6.1 V-던 grammar = be used to ~recollect a past habit or repeated behavior

6.2 A/V-더라고요 grammar = I saw/experienced that ~express speaker's recollection about past event with witness

6.3 V-던데요 grammar = I saw/felt/surprised that ~express contradiction to one’s speaking or surprise to something

 

7. Using Passive Expressions in Korean

7.1 Irregular Korean passive verbs with (-이/히/리/기) suffix = to be V-ed

7.2 V-아/어지다 grammar = to be V-ed ~a passive form that is used with verbs without -이/히/리/기-affix

7.3 V-게 되다 grammar = get V-ed, end up V-ing ~passive form without subject’s will

8. Using Causative Expressions in Korean

8.1 단어 사동사 (-이/히/리/기/우/추-) irregular causative verbs = subject cause/do something for someone

8.2 A/V-게 하다 grammar = make someone do/be something ~subject makes someone do action

9. Expressing Conditions in Korean

9.1 V-아/어야 grammar = (have to) do A, so B can ~express a condition to realize something

9.2 A/N/V-거든 grammar = if (something is true), then ~express condition in casual conversation

10. Expressing Additional Information in Korean

10.1 V-(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 grammar = not only A, but also B ~express additional information

10.2 V-ㄴ/는 데다가 grammar = and also, moreover ~express additional information about the same subject

10.3 N-조차 grammar = (not) even …~ “not only the others but also the primary one”

10.4 N-만 해도 grammar = just, even just N ~provide examples to explain a previous statement

10.5 A/V-고요 and -구요 grammar = also, too ~ used to add information or ask for additional information

11. Expressing Mid-action in Korean

11.1 V-는 길에 grammar = on the way, while going ~doing something while going somewhere

11.2 V-다가 grammar = and/but then ~express interruption of one action to do another

12. Expressing Degree in Korean

12.1 A/V-(으)ㄹ 정도로 grammar = (to the extent) that ~express degree or extent of an action or state

12.2 N-만 하다 grammar = as big as, about the size of ~compare the size or degree of something to another

12.3 A(으)ㄴ 만큼, N만큼, V는 만큼 grammar = as much as, like ~indicate something equivalent to another

13. Expressing Choice in Korean

13.1 아무 +(이)나/ 아무 +도 grammar = anyone, anything... /nobody, nothing...

13.2 N(이)나 grammar (3) = N or something ~express an acceptable option without specific preference

13.3 N(이)라도 grammar = even N ~choose 2nd choice if the best isn't available

13.4 A/N/V-든지 든지 grammar = whether… or... ~expressing any choices are fine

13.5 A-ㄴ/은 대신에, V-는 대신에 grammar = instead of V-ing ~action can be replaced by another

14. Expressing Time Order/ Sequential-based Situation in Korean

14.1 N 만에 grammar = (a time period) after doing ~a duration has passed after an event started

14.2 V-아/어 가지고 grammar = and (then) ~express time order of 2 actions

14.3 V-아/어다가 grammar = and then ~action is done based on the previous one or activity that occurs in 2 places

14.4 V-고서 grammar = and then ~ express time order of 2 actions

15. Expressing Discovery / Cause and Effect in Korean

15.1 V-고 보니 grammar = after finishing something, I realized/ found out

15.2 V-다 보니 grammar = while/after doing sth repeatedly, I realize/come to

15.3 V-다 보면 grammar = if you keep doing, then (something will likely occur)

15.4 A/V-더니 grammar = (1) and now, (2) and then, (3) but now

15.5 V-았/었더니 grammar = (1) 'so...now', (2) 'and I found that', (3) connecting quote with action, (4) recall a behavior

15.6 A/V-다가는 grammar = if (the action is continued, a negative outcome will occur)

15.7 A/N/V-(으)ㄴ/는 셈이다 grammar = I could say, it's practically (more or less similar to another)

15.8 V-기 쉽다 and V-기 어렵다 grammar = easy to/ difficult to ~express something easy or difficult to do

16. Expressing State of Being in Korean

16.1 V-아/어 놓다 grammar = keep V-ing/ do sth beforehand (for future use)

16.2 V-아/어 두다 grammar = keep V-ing/ do sth in advance (for future use)

16.3 V-(으)ㄴ 채로 grammar = while ~action occurs while maintaining the state of a situation

16.4 N-대로, V-ㄴ/는 대로 grammar = based on, just as expected, as soon as

17. Expressing Characteristics in Korean

17.1 A-(으)ㄴ 편이다, V-는 편이다 grammar = rather A, tend to V...(than usual)

17.2 N-스럽다 grammar = Adj (-ful, -ly, -some,...) ~Express a quality or feeling like the noun

17.3 N-답다 grammar = N-like, be like a N ~Express an expected quality associated with the noun

18. Expressing Emphasis in Korean

18.1 얼마나 A-(으)ㄴ지 모르다, 얼마나 V-는지 모르다 grammar = didn't know that something really A/V ~emphasize the degree of action or state

18.2  A/V-(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다 grammar = have no choice but to do V, be expected to be A

18.3 A/N/V-(으)ㄹ 뿐이다 grammar = only, just ~indicate only one available course of action/state

18.4 N-(이)야말로 grammar = indeed, exactly, the very ~emphasize the preceding noun

19. Expressing Intentions in Korean

19.1 V-게 grammar = so that, in order to ~focus on the goal to do action

19.2 V-도록 grammar = in order to, so that ~focus on the action to achieve the goal

20. Expressing Completion in Korean

20.1 V-았/었다가 grammar = but then ~after the completion of an event, the opposite event happens

20.2 A/N/V-았/었던 grammar = (reminiscence) ~recall a past event that has not continued to present.

20.3 V-아/어 버리다 grammar = Express speaker’s feeling to the completed event/action

20.4 V-고 말다 grammar = end up V-ing ~showing an unplanned action completed undesirably

21. Expressing Uselessness in Korean

21.1 V-(으)나 마나 grammar = 'be no use doing/ even without doing' ~the result is same whether or not you do

21.2 A/V-아/어 봤자 grammar = even if doing/ being...it's no use/ won't be that much

22. Expressing Hypothetical Situation in Korean

22.1 N(이)라면, A/V-ㄴ/는다면 grammar = If this/that happens, one will/ would...

22.2 A/V/N-았/었더라면 grammar = If I had ~assume a past situation opposite to what happened

22.3 V-(으)ㄹ 뻔하다 grammar = almost, nearly ~indicate something almost happened but did not

23. Expressing Regrets in Korean

23.1 V-(으)ㄹ걸 그랬다 grammar = 'I should have' ~regret not doing something better than what was done

23.2 A/V-았/었어야 했는데 grammar = 'I should have done' ~regret something should have done but did not

24. Expressing Habits and Attitudes in Korean

24.1 V-곤 하다 grammar = (1) often, (2) used to ~indicate a habit of present or past

24.2 A/V/N-기는요 grammar = 'not really', 'no need to' ~Politely disagree with one’s statement or compliment

24.3 A-(으)ㄴ 척하다, N인 척하다, V는 척하다 grammar = pretend to, act like

25. Citing One's Speech or Writing in Korean 

25.1 A/V/N-다고 하던데 grammar = I heard that...~recall something you heard from someone

25.2 A/V/N-다고요? grammar = did you say/ I said … ~reconfirm/restate what you've just heard/said

25.3 A/V/N-다면서요? grammar = is it true that... ~confirm something you’ve heard or learned

25.4 A/V/N-다니요? grammar = ...really? ~express surprise or disbelief while repeating what someone said.

⚠️I got this list from the “KoreanTopik” website, but you can find a list of grammar like this in ‘Korean Grammar In Use’ textbook. If you didn’t know there’s also a website that has all the lessons - sayhikorean.blogspot.