#“The Mechanics of Blood Vessel Formation” and

[mel-addams]

[Image ID: a staged photograph of a dramatically red-lit black desk, with the Redfall start screen displayed on the monitor. In front of the keyboard is a gory prop eyeball and two vintage keyrings, the latter set atop an open book showing an elegantly posed illustration of the skeletomuscular system from anatomist Andreas Vesalius. Beside them is a bag of loose-leaf tea labeled O-Negative, sitting behind a red vampire skull mug containing red-colored tea, held by a skeletal hand.]

Alright, I'm ready to dig in and harvest swaths of story as Devinder in Redfall! I've set up a tasty splash of O-Negative (with a pinch of hibiscus for color) from Friday Tea, in a splendid mug (that definitely wasn't an Angler) from Tony Furtado!

(Pay no mind to the rest—Miss Whisper just hits all my aesthetics. Cool keys, antlered branches, skinless muscles, and spare eyeball gifts. Who wouldn't swoon?)

Also, I'm a packrat, but I wonder if Redfall will get me to internalize the barter-currency ("support") enough to actually WANT to give NPCs the "supplies" I've found, instead of saving up (and never spending it).

Either way, I'm running face-first into all the safehouse whiteboards to read all their notes! Look at how great the color-coded post-it conversations from the heroes are!

[Image ID: a screenshot of the whiteboard in the Firehouse from Redfall, focused on a set of color-coded post-it notes. Dev's is dark green print, Jacob's is black print, Layla's is reddish print, and Remi's is green cursive. Post-it 1 by Dev: "Aggressive animals? Need more bloody film for camera." Post-it 2 by Jacob: "reviewed Devs footage - that can't be real." Post-it 3 by Layla: "OH HELL NO. ABSOLUTELY NOT." Post-it 4 by Remi: "Also reviewed footage - what was that? Doesn't make [sense.]"]

[ghost-of-a-dream-girl]

Vampiric vascular access PSA from your friendly neighbourhood fanfic writing medic: Where To Bite

For those of you who, like me, love to write/read this sad vampire (or indeed anyone who likes to write any vampire), there were just a couple of sexy little anatomy things that I wanted to highlight (purely for fun).

First: arteries vs veins - Arteries take blood at pressure generated by the left ventricle of the heart, hence the pulse, to tissues and organs. Veins are a low pressure system that take blood back to the heart (via all sorts of mechanisms like valves, suction pressure from inspiration, pressure gradients, etc). - The inherent not-quite-sexy risk to puncturing/bleeding from an artery (especially a big one) is the risk of clot formation and with that the risk that those clots travel (embolize) further down the artery. This can result in things like strokes or ischaemic limbs. - Major arteries have associated major veins running nearby them. - Because of pressure differences, arterial punctures can spurt blood out, whereas veins ooze. To drink from a vein you'd have to apply a little more suction, whereas drinking from an artery might be a bit more messy/squirty. - Sure, veins don't pulse in the way arteries do BUT the way that we find these big veins (without ultrasound) is via use of anatomical landmarks. Your fave vampire will likely know those landmarks. Durge will likely also know these landmarks...for other reasons.

The neck (the classic, and everyone's favourite) - One of the things we look for as part of a fluid status assessment/CVS exam is the JVP (jugular venous pressure), which reflects pressure changes in the right atrium. For this we look for the double waveform pulse on either side of the neck coming from the internal jugular vein. It's not really palpable in the way arterial pulses are, but it is visible in most people (especially at neck turned 45 degrees). - The internal jugular vein (IJV) AND the external jugular vein are the two chunky veins of the neck. The IJV in particular would be a good one to bite for the same reason it's often a favourite vein to use for central line insertion- it's large, superficial, and usually pretty straight in its course within the neck. - The carotids are the major arteries of the neck, sitting more in the midline and protected a bit by a muscle there (sternocleidomastoid).

The inner thigh (the smut writer's favourite) - Gods know that the femorals have been doing some heavy lifting in vampire smut fics. Given the fact that they are located on either side of the groin, any biting action there has the inference of a lot more physical intimacy. - Like the neck vessels, you have big arteries AND big veins in the femoral region too. You have the femoral arteries which lie again more in the centre (like the carotids), and you have the femoral veins which actually lie more medially (more towards the mid-line of the body, i.e further in on the groin). These then branch out. - For purposes of vampiric vascular access, the femoral veins would be just a bit easier to get into position wise, but they do run very close to the femoral arteries. Because of how anatomy and fat distribution works also worth mentioning that the femoral vein and artery also lie a little deeper, so would require a much deeper bite.

Peripheral pulses (for those little nibbles) - For a quick snack more peripherally, it's going to be much easier to chomp into a peripheral artery. Arteries have thicker, more muscular walls than veins and the more superficial veins get the flimsier they are (i.e would be bitches to try to puncture with fangs). - We often sample arterial blood by puncturing the radial arteries. The radial artery runs on the thumb side of the wrist, and is very easy to palpate! - One could also attempt the brachial arteries, which are just above the inside of either elbow. A little deeper, but still palpable. - For the more adventurous bloodsuckers, you could even go for the dorsalis pedis (top of the foot), or the posterior tibial (below and behind the innermost part of the ankle bone)! See below: Astarion sampling a little of that radial artery juice

Aftercare (for the bitten) - If you are biting an artery or big vein you will usually need to apply some pressure to stop the bleeding. - In terms of clotting, it depends on what magical properties you believe vampire spit has. If none, it generally takes a few minutes to stop bleeding with a bit of added pressure, but bigger puncture sites may take longer. - That said, all bleeding stops eventually in one way or another- just ask Durge. - Like always, after a big drink you may need to ask your cleric friend to help you out with a cheeky lesser restoration spell to stimulate erythropoeisis so you're not wandering around the Realms so deeply anaemic.

Happy biting, friends!

[runesofthedelta]

There's a lot of interesting stuff about Deltarune.

Like, for starters, we know the mysterious voice is Dr. Gaster. Like, most of us who dived into the UT mysteries (against instruction no less), know who it is.

[ They're known as the Gonermaker in the game files. We know who the goners are associated with. ]

With some additional confirmations by information seen: ... Not just confirmed fourthwall breaker, but also, confirmed fourthwall hijacker. ... He's not the Narrator, he is One of the Narrators. More specifically, he's the overarching Game Mechanics. SAVEs, Profiles, Character Creation... That's overarching Game Mechanics. ... Unlike the other entity, the good doctor is optimistic that we'll make good choices and a positive future. A lot like some other skeletons we can name. ... Name you or your character creation / the vessel, Gaster, and the game kicks you. We see you there, Doctor.

The game is run like its an experiment. The good doctor makes comments, and wants to see what we'd do. Its not like it affects him at all, we can just reset, and nothing will happen to him.

He encourages good decisions, but he's not going to stop us if we decide to go... a Weird Route.

( Good chance that, like how Flowey and Chara can mess with our single save, Gaster can mess with all three of our Profiles. Maybe our decisions across three timelines will have a tying effect )

( I should also point out, that from UT's perspective of "One save per Soul", we're in control of Three Souls--. Who the other two are, beyond the Red Soul is unknown, because the other two heroes clearly don't have souls or profiles we control. Maybe there's a spiritual analog to Chara and Frisk, and maybe, Kris is actually been a separate entity? It would make sense... )

The Knight is associated with Hands, just like the "Man who speaks in hands". So we're looking at someone associated with Wingdings. Which means, the Knight is, or serves, our fair doctor. Since they clearly don't serve any of the kings or queens seen in game.

The Knight, or perhaps another Knight, is associated with Eggs.

How do I know that? Because when you put Eggs in UT's Wingdings format, you get three hands who point in the direction a Chess Knight would move.

( I did not discover this on my own, other people found it first, and I take info from thems. )

Given that DR / UT runs on Homestuck rules of Symbolism, every pedantic stupid little detail counts. The Knight is associated with Eggs.

Eggs are treated akin to Homestuck's pumpkins, in that they are odd anomalies that, if you acknowledge, they vanish. Well... Temmies know eggs.

But it does sound like the Eggs act like Goners...

If the Knight isn't Gaster, they're certainly someone whom Gaster is acting through.

This could mean that the Knight has been following us out of sight, observing what we'd do. And uh... giving us an egg in our trying times.

( Gaster himself was treated as quite the Easter Egg in Undertale after all. But its rude to talk about someone who's listening. )

( Hm... Isn't a form of spaghetti noodles called Egg Noodles? )

( The wingdings translator doesn't seem to like that combination very well. )

( DON'T EAT THE NOODLES, THE TASTE IS UNDESCRIBABLE )

The phone calls sound like Entry 17. They also sound like the Memoryheads from the True Lab.

But given how Gaster, so far with what's seen, doesn't seem to be... well... overly malicious. He wants to see what happens, and might give an oddity (like an egg), and thinks that C and D are blood types, considers our party to be very very wonderful, and tends to particularly neutral about things (He'll give us choices like Love and Hope, but also Fear and Disgust, and seems to acknowledge that we can like something but we can also have a problem with it too, without much issue. )

And clearly isn't affected by anything we'd do, persay...

... So chances are low that he's the mysterious someone that's on the Phone Calls, either ours, or Spamton's. And while he'll give a tyrannical king a good thrashing, and maybe open up a world-ending-portals...

( The guy did make something that would shatter him across time and space, and his UT stats are in the hundreds to thousands, its in character. )

... He doesn't seem to be the kind that would willingly try to break someone's mind, cause Spamtom or Jevil.

( Otherwise, Alphys would've lost her own gourd just reading his notes. )

So that means, someone associated with him, but certainly not acting in his interests, is making phone calls.

Now this next bit, won't quite line up with the above, and is probably just total bullshitting on my part.

Because now I'm looking at metanarratives and breaking the FIFTH wall (IE, referencing prior works).

UT and DR take inspiration from Toby's Halloween Hack, yes... but they also take inspiration from Homestuck. UT's very areas have been pointed out to resemble Derse (Ruins), The Land of Frost and Frogs (Snowdin), The Land of Wind and Shade (Waterfall), the Land of Heat and Clockwork (Hotland) and Prospit (The judgement hallway). Leaving the Land of Light and Rain and New Home, as odd ones out.

We've got two royalty, a Queen and King, not unlike the Black and White Royals of SBURB.

In DR, the Queen of Chapter 2, definitely rings as being based on Roxy Lalonde of Homestuck.

And in UT, we've got a sweaty horse guy with muscles, who is enough of an Equius Zahhak ref, that Toby Fox joked bout being sued by Andrew Hussie.

In Homestuck's COLLIDE, we have an outright Undertale reference with Davepeta's battle against Lord English. Time and Heart mixing to have an Undertale feel. (and of course, Toby did work on COLLIDE's music. )

Even in Detalrune, the concept of becoming an more idealized self (going into the Darkworld to be a Hero) is not unlike godtiering, and Hometown isn't unlike John Egbert's old neighborhood.

So taking some metanarrative analysis isn't out of the question here. Its just, probably not going to be very exact.

... But its something to think on.

So.

In the line up of Papyrus and Sans, and knowing where DR / UT's metanarrative roots lie, they do, in fact, line up with another group of characters from Homestuck, and by extension, a much older work of Andrew Hussie.

And that work is Problem Sleuth.

( I would know, I actually got into both Homestuck and Problem Sleuth, because of Undertale and doing a metanarrative analysis like this... and ended up landing in that fandom so hard, I started doing classpect analysis and greater symbolisms there. )

So... Give you a hint.

I'm a member of the Midnight Crew~

If we make this fun little metanarrative symbolism and its snarky horseshit work...

That means that Sans is an analog to Clubs Deuce and Ace Dick, and Papyrus is an analog to Pickle Inspector and Diamonds Droog.

[ Papyrus' rough draft did have him with a fedora and being a rather nasty customer, not unlike our fedora wearing hooligans here. ]

If we take Hearts Boxcars / Hired Muscle as odd ones out, due to being the Heart (and thus, important to a different set of characters in UT / DR).

[ And let's face it, they weren't very important to Homestuck / Problem Sleuth either ]

( Unless anyone wants to say there's a super secret fourth skelebro. )

That leaves Gaster with Problem Sleuth and Spades Slick. One was the main hero of one adventure, and the other one of the main villains / antagonists / universe enders of the other; both are leaders of their subsequent groups. ... Slick himself was an Archagent and is considered a Royal of Derse, with a direct connection to the Queen.

That leaves Gaster with our Spadesy boys.

What a coincidence that the Spades are our focus cards in Deltarune, huh?

[ Wingdings a code, Aster is both a typeface and a Flower and a Star, and the Spades are associated with Knives and Swords. In game terms, Spades Players are associated with Easter Eggs, of which Gaster is one both meta and in-story... ]

[ How very, very interesting... ]

ADDENDUM:

Who is the one who disposes of the Vessel, the other Entity here? Well, while we can point the fingers at Chara, there is, in fact, another associated character who is capable of silencing their speech patterns and even changing their typing quirk, who is powerful, who is associated enough with Gaster to get away with pulling a fast one. ... And who knows, that "Nobody can choose who they are in this world". After all, everything is just, reset in the end, right? Its Sans. He might even be the one making the phone calls, and talking to dark crystal holders. After all, the characters he's talked to have an indirect connection to him. ... But its more than a little hard to think of him as a villain. I mean, the goofy pun guy who plays pranks? Who's vocal pattern is a cut and edited voice clip of Patrick Star from Spongebob? While the villain thing is an idea, I also doubt my own claim here. There's gotta be someone else we're not seeing...

If we translate Gaster's usual title, "HIM" into wingdings, we get a hand pointing down, an open hand, and then a Bomb.

"Down below, reaching out, Disaster awaits?" ...At least, that's the closest I could symbolically translate. For all I know it probably means "LOOK DOWN, HIGH FIVE, NO ITS A BOMB"

The man is associated with Giygas. Which is funny... Doesn't Papyrus have some design details that link him to Earthbound's Starmen?

I'm just sayin'...

Its something to think about.

[justkidneying]

Burns

Burns are pretty horrible, if you ask me, and also very interesting. I'm going to explain the classifications of burns and how to write them.

General Info

The first 48 hours after the burn is the most critical point, and has the most impact on patient outcome

You can use the "rule of nines" to determine the extent or total body surface area (TBSA) of the burn. This is important to assess damage and risks

Burns covering more than 20% of TBSA are pretty fucking bad, and you're gonna probably need some intensive support

This amazing inflammation system we have can lead to shock and the coagulation of the blood = very bad, possible death

A day or so later, the patient may develop acute respiratory syndrome due to inhalation of hot air (depending on the mechanism of injury)

Burn Classifications

Superficial Burns (1st degree)

These are painful, red areas that are not initially blistered

There is not significant worry about electrolyte loss or prognosis

May convert to deeper burns if there is treatment delay or infection

Partial Thickness (2nd degree)

These can be superficial or deep

Superficial 2nd degree burns are blistered, and will look pink and wet

Deep 2nd degree burns are blistered, and will look white and wet. They will also begin to bleed if you mess with them

2nd degree burns are very painful, as nervous structure is still maintained in the skin

Full-thickness Burns (3rd Degree and Up)

These result in a loss of skin structures, such as the hair follicles and sebaceous glands

They can look whitish-yellow or be black/charred

The skin will be hard and dry, and will not bleed if you start messing with it

These aren't as painful, as large areas of the injury will have lost nerve structures

4th degree and up cause damage to tendons, muscles, and bone. These are some of the worst injuries, in my opinion.

Treatment

Deep partial-thickness and full-thickness burns are probably gonna need debrided (removal of unsalvageable tissue). You may even need to cut out some bone if it was burned (otherwise you get necrosis - aka rot). Then some good skin will need to be grafted on top

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (like ibuprofen) and opioids are used in pain management (depending on the severity of the burn). Or you can give ketamine or block nerves if it is really bad

Gonna want to get some fluids in severe burn patients

For full thickness burns, you may have to make escharotomy incisions. This means cutting large incisions in the skin to relieve the pressure made by the formation of eschar (a thick tissue that can constrict blood supply)

There's also fasciotomies, which are incisions in the fascia (connective tissue) of the muscles to allow them to expand and swell without damaging the soft tissue, nerves, and vessels of the arms and legs

A topical antibiotic may be useful, such as silver sulfadiazine. Silver nylon dressings are also a great choice. The burned areas should be cleaned daily, as well

Critical burn patients may need more intervention. They will have difficulty maintaining body temperature, so the room can be heated so they don't get too cold. Usually they can start eating (aka using the GI tract) about a day after injury. But you can start nutrition via IV immediately

Complications

Electrical injuries can cause burns to the deep tissues without significant findings on the skin. They can also cause cardiac arrhythmias

Pancreatitis and stress ulcers occur in severe burns

Abdominal compartment syndrome is a potentially lethal condition in severely burned patients, due to the buildup of pressure

Multiorgan system failure is a possibility

Most burn patients get an infection as some point in their recovery, and many have multiple bacterial infection episodes. If this is not fixed, they can develop sepsis

Writing Burns

Focus on what caused the burn. The mechanism of injury is very important. House fires (smoke inhalation), electrocution (arrhythmia), and chemical burns (leeching into the blood stream) all have different things we need to worry about

Figure out the thickness. The mechanism of injury is important here, as well. Touching a hot stove for a second doesn't give someone 3rd degree burns, but mustard gas can. Look up the specific situation you want and try to find information of that (like pictures, accounts, etc.), as every burn situation is a little different

Figure out what you want treatment to look like. If treatment is a bigger part of the story, give a more severe degree of burn, and throw in some complications. People love that stuff (well, certain people do)

For more severe burns (3rd degree and up), don't fall into the trap that they aren't painful. These injuries are insanely painful. Just because someone does not have sensation in the area that was fully burnt, does not mean the rest of their body is untouched. Burns radiate out into less thick areas. So the edges of the wound will be very painful. Their body is also in a really bad spot, leading to pain that isn't as acute or localized.

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved in our archive (Daily updates!)

Published Sept 3, 2024

By Chuck Dinerstein, MD, MBA

New research reveals that fibrin, a key component of blood clots, may be the secret culprit behind the devastating neurological and inflammatory aftermath of the virus, including long COVID. From dense, stubborn clots to brain fog, the interaction of COVID’s spike protein with fibrin could be the missing link — and a potential target for life-saving therapies.

Coagulopathy, the formation of small blood clots that go on to wreck respiratory and neurologic havoc, has long been a clinical hallmark of COVID, and now it's oft-ignored Long COVID. A new study suggests that fibrin, a key component of blood clots, plays a role.

Fibrin provides structure to a blood clot and is derived from fibrinogen, a soluble blood protein when the coagulation cascade is activated. If you think of a blood clot as nature’s way of plugging a leak, fibrin deposition is frequently found where there is damage to the walls of blood vessels and the vessels making up the blood-brain barrier. Fibrin serves as a plug and a signal for a greater inflammatory and immune response.

Given the unique clinical presentation of clotting in COVID compared to other respiratory viruses, the researchers hypothesized that COVID directly binds to fibrinogen, promoting blood clot formation and altering clot structure and function. They found that the spike protein of the virus binds to fibrinogen and fibrin at specific binding sites, suggesting that the virus might contribute to abnormal clotting by interacting with fibrinogen.

They found that the spike protein altered the structure of clots, making them denser and more resistant to the body’s natural means of removing clots, a process called fibrinolysis. Additionally, the spike protein enhanced the inflammatory signals from fibrin, increasing oxidative forces (reactive oxygen species or ROS) released from macrophages, a first responder of the immune system.

In converting fibrinogen to fibrin, the spike's binding site (epitope) is exposed. Therapeutically, having identified binding regions, the research found that antibodies could disrupt and reduce these pro-inflammatory effects implicated in acute and long COVID. Among the inflammatory effects reduced by blocking the actions of fibrinogen was the deposition of collagen in the lungs, which creates a barrier to oxygen passage and helps to explain the refractory response to supplemental oxygen we have seen in patients.

Fibrin also suppresses natural killer (NK) cells, which are called "natural killers" because they can recognize and kill stressed cells without prior exposure to a particular pathogen, making them critical first responders. The suppression of NK cell activity results in enhancing viral persistence and lung inflammation.

In additional studies in mice, the researchers found that this fibrin-dependent inflammatory response occurs independently of the active virus, suggesting a potential mechanism for persistent symptoms in Long COVID. [1] Therapeutically, in their mouse model, the use of a monoclonal antibody targeting the fibrin epitope, in addition to reducing the lung’s inflammatory response, reduced neuroinflammation (associated with long COVID’s brain fog). There were reductions in fibrin deposition and microglial reactivity “leading to improved neuronal survival and reduced white-matter injury.” Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system.

To summarize:

Coagulopathy in COVID-19 is a primary driver of thrombo-inflammation and neuropathology rather than a consequence of systemic inflammation. Fibrin plays a causal immunomodulatory role in promoting hyperinflammation, neuropathological alterations, and increased viral load in COVID-19 by modulating NK cells, macrophages, and microglia. Elevated fibrinogen levels and BBB permeability in COVID-19 contribute to neuropathology, and targeting fibrin may offer a dual mechanism of action by inhibiting fibrin-spike interactions and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. A fibrin-targeting antibody effectively blocks many pathological effects of fibrin, providing neuroprotection and reducing thrombo-inflammation. Their findings have limitations, including how they measured changes in brain tissue, the use of mouse models, and the fact that our inflammatory response may have more than one pathway that results in COVID-19’s deleterious effects. For Long COVID, the fibrin-targeted antibody does not interfere with normal clotting, acting solely on fibrin's inflammatory responses, making it a candidate to protect against pulmonary and cognitive impairment; that will, of course, require clinical trials.

And there you have it—the silent saboteur behind the lingering specter of Long COVID. Fibrin is not just a bystander in the aftermath of COVID-19; it's a key player driving the chronic symptoms that continue to baffle patients and clinicians alike. The discovery that the virus’s spike protein meddles with fibrin, transforming it into a resilient, inflammatory force, opens a new frontier in the fight against the pandemic’s long tail. The research, though groundbreaking, is still in its early days, confined to animal models, and the complexities of human biology could introduce new challenges.

But if the science holds, targeting fibrin could offer a two-for-one punch against the clotting and inflammation that underpin much of the damage COVID-19 leaves in its wake. For the millions grappling with the enduring effects of Long COVID, this could be a glimmer of hope—a chance to reclaim their lives.

[1] The inquisitive with a conspiratorial bent might link these inflammatory responses in the absence of infection to deaths felt to be due to the COVID vaccines, which employ the spike as antigenic stimulus. The researchers note that most hematologic changes are triggered by the vaccine vector (an adenovirus) and that “COVID-19 RNA vaccines lead to small amounts of spike protein accumulating locally and within draining lymph nodes where the immune response is initiated, and the protein is eliminated.”

Source: Fibrin drives thrombo-inflammation and neuropathology in COVID-19 Nature DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07873-4 www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07873-4

[grrrrriffin]

can you explain ryoma's stand/abilities if ydon't mind i don't think i ever caught explanation!! :)

SURE ! i actually made a doc about this a while back, so, just gonna paste that here :3. Sorry if theres formatting issues… im doing this on my ipad

GADZOOKS. HOST: RYOMA ROMÁN.

Namesake: Gadzooks - Lemon Demon

FOREWORD:

Pronouns: they/it

Gadzooks is a very independent stand. It has its own will, thoughts and feelings. Though it is spirit-bound to Ryoma, they are unable to control it. Gadzooks follows Ryoma's commands simply because of its fondness for her. It can and will disobey its host if it wishes to. This is also the conditions for any stand/human contract it might've made, hence why they are called “hosts” and not “users”.

BACKSTORY:

Gadzooks wasn't always Ryoma's stand. Gadzooks has lived for thousands of years, and had several other hosts before Ryoma. It would search for powerful people to contract, leaving when they died or became cumbersome. (Fun fact: One of these was the creator of the film projector, who modeled it after Gadzooks likeness.) As Gadzooks is without morality, some of its chosen were bound to be sinister individuals. After its host was killed by a younger Joseph (Battle Tendency) it began its search for a new body to take residence.

Eventually, It came across young Ryoma, who had recently moved to Japan. They were the polar opposite of what Gadzooks was looking for: Thin and frail, she was the farthest thing from powerful, yet she showed a compelling resilience despite her circumstances. Gadzooks decided to protect them from then on, but it would prove to be harder than expected.

PERSONALITY:

Gadzooks is defined by extremes. Its volatile nature is contrasted by its cold and calculating rationale. It deeply cares for Ryoma, (motherly in a way) but it is rather unemotional and detached. Its protective to a fault. It will stop at nothing to keep Ryoma safe, even if it causes them to be terrified of it. It takes no joy in killing, but doesn't shy away from it. Given its past, violence and intimidation are second nature, a hair trigger instinct. It views life with red-tinted glasses as it sees danger in everything and everyone. A friendship with Gadzooks is non-existent, but peaceful coexistence is achievable.

ABILITY:

Gadzooks has the ability to turn anything, immaterial or immaterial into film. Anything turned into film will then be then transported into the Film World.

Power: C

Speed: C

Range: A

Durability: D

Precision: B

Potential: A

Gadzooks doesn't have a lot of combat power, speed or durability, but it more than makes up for it with its versatility. Here are some of its uses:

Healing:

Stop bleeding (turn the broken blood vessels into film), Undo harm, (rewinding film on an injury or a broken object)

Offensive:

Cutting, (Injuries do not bleed. If limbs are left severed for a long period they will necrose from lack of oxygenation. Cutting is only fatal with decapitation. There is nothing Gadzooks can't "cut". Gadzooks’ "cutting" is an act of dividing by taking away thin slivers of film.)

Defensive:

Film conversion (subduing a target by turning their limbs into film and rendering them useless, or simply sending them into the Film world)

Reel recoil (instinctual defense mechanism that turns Ryoma into a film reel, in a similar fashion to a snail recoiling into its shell. The spikes on the reel prevent enemies from grabbing it since Ryoma is vulnerable in this state. If an ally is detected, the spikes will sink down, allowing to be held)

Special:

Memory film conversion (turning memories into film),

Film extraction (when used in tandem with Memory film conversion, can recover lost items from memory. The fresher the memory, the better. Objects may be altered by inaccurate recall. Film extraction can also be used to extract objects or people from video media, but yield unpredictable results.)

Film World Portal (ripping open a film portal to suck people inside) Film World manipulation (weaponizing natural disasters within the Film world, messing with gravity, moving buildings around.) Doppelganger swarm (The Dopplegangers sprout scissors and attack. They share the same cutting ability Gadzooks does.)

Film World Enlargement (Growing larger to heighten destructive capacity. Think Godzilla lol. Paired with Film Portal, can be used to reach outside of the Film World to cause damage in the material world.)

FILM WORLD:

The film world is a strange realm that resides in another reality. It manifests as a bizarre, flipped version of Morioh (as an island) which is populated by copies of the people Ryoma often interacts with.

Doppelgangers: These copies share some of Gadzooks physical traits, like their eyes, sharp metal teeth and, if aggressive, sharp scissor hands. They seem to glow from within, and seem blurry, like you're unable to focus on them. They perform strange impressions of their counterparts and speak in reverse. (Ryoma is able to speak to and understand them :3) They have a sort of sentience, but Gadzooks is able to influence their actions. The Doppelgangers are generally harmless, unless instructed to attack.

OHC-HOIROM: Morioh itself has been copied pretty faithfully with a few notable exceptions. Both the sky and sea have turned a bright red. The streets and buildings are covered in colorful patterns, arrow shapes in particular are common. This version of Morioh has been entirely mirrored (most noticeable on signs with text) Clock hands move counter clockwise, and much faster than normal… the way the trees blow in the wind, the birds, and even the shadows seem unnatural. It all adds up to this unshakeable feeling that something is off. It looks fake, manufactured, because. It is.

The Film World already existed prior to Ryoma, but Gadzooks changed it to suit Ryoma's interests (as well as it being influenced by Ryoma's unconscious mind). It was meant to be somewhere where Ryoma could escape to, a personalized haven of sorts. (think the other world from Coraline) Though Gadzooks doesn't have such a great grasp on the material world so it becomes a faulty (unnerving) recreation of their ideal world.

DRAWBACKS:

While immensely powerful, a grand majority of Gadzooks' power is limited by Ryoma's physical condition. Performing these abilities is taxing on their body, and causes hemorrhaging from the eyes and nose. When pushed to their limit, Ryoma may become unconscious for a period of time ranging from a couple hours to several days. With proper care (proper rest and nutrition), these symptoms can be alleviated.

[science-lover33]

Complement system

1. Activation: The complement system can be activated through three main pathways: the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway. Each pathway involves different initiating events but converges on a common cascade of reactions.

2. Cascade of Reactions: Once activated, the complement system triggers a cascade of enzymatic reactions that result in the cleavage of complement proteins. This cascade ultimately leads to the formation of several key components, including C3b, C4b, and C5b.

3. Opsonization: C3b and C4b are opsonins, which means they can bind to pathogens and label them for phagocytosis by immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils. This enhances the removal of pathogens from the body.

4. Inflammation: Complement activation also results in the release of small peptides called anaphylatoxins, such as C3a and C5a. These peptides promote inflammation by increasing blood vessel permeability and attracting immune cells to the site of infection.

5. Membrane Attack Complex (MAC): The final step of complement activation involves the assembly of the membrane attack complex (MAC). C5b, C6, C7, C8, and multiple C9 molecules come together to form the MAC, which can create pores in the membranes of target cells, leading to cell lysis and destruction of pathogens.

References:

1. Walport, M. J. (2001). Complement. First of two parts. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(14), 1058-1066.

2. Ricklin, D., Hajishengallis, G., Yang, K., & Lambris, J. D. (2010). Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis. Nature Immunology, 11(9), 785-797.

3. Merle, N. S., Church, S. E., Fremeaux-Bacchi, V., & Roumenina, L. T. (2015). Complement system part I – molecular mechanisms of activation and regulation. Frontiers in Immunology, 6, 262.

Please note that for the most current and detailed medical information on the complement system, I recommend consulting recent textbooks or academic journals in immunology and microbiology.

[wtfearth123]

Did you know how Blood Clotting works? Learn the amazing mechanism of Blood Clotting & how your Body Heals itself after an injury?

Blood clotting is a complex process that involves platelets, clotting factors, and calcium. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets stick to the area and release chemicals that activate clotting factors. These factors then form a mesh of fibrin, which traps blood cells and forms a clot.

Primary hemostasis: This is the initial stage of blood clotting, which occurs immediately after a blood vessel is injured. It involves the formation of a platelet plug at the site of injury. Platelets are small blood cells that help to stop bleeding by clumping together and forming a mesh. The mesh traps red blood cells and other blood components, which helps to seal the injured blood vessel.

Secondary hemostasis: This is the second stage of blood clotting, which occurs after the platelet plug has formed. It involves the formation of a fibrin clot, which is a mesh of protein fibers that strengthens the platelet plug and prevents it from breaking apart. The fibrin clot is formed by a series of reactions called the coagulation cascade. The coagulation cascade is a complex process that involves many different proteins, called clotting factors.

The coagulation cascade can be divided into two pathways: the intrinsic pathway and the extrinsic pathway.

The intrinsic pathway: This pathway is activated when blood comes into contact with damaged tissue or collagen, a protein found in the walls of blood vessels. The intrinsic pathway is also activated by certain substances released from platelets.

The extrinsic pathway: This pathway is activated when tissue factor, a protein found in the tissues, is exposed to blood. Tissue factor is released when blood vessels are injured.

Both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways lead to the activation of factor X, which is a clotting factor that plays a key role in the formation of the fibrin clot.

Once factor X is activated, it triggers a series of reactions that lead to the formation of fibrin. Fibrin is a protein that forms long, thread-like fibers. These fibers entangle the platelets and other blood components, forming a strong, mesh-like clot.

The blood clot eventually dissolves, but this process takes several days. The dissolution of the clot is necessary to allow blood to flow freely again.

The blood coagulation process is a complex and tightly regulated process. There are many factors that can affect the clotting process, including:

Age: Children have a more active clotting system than adults. This is why they are more likely to bleed from minor cuts.

Gender: Women have a more active clotting system than men. This is why they are more likely to develop blood clots.

Medications: Some medications, such as aspirin and warfarin, can interfere with the clotting process.

Medical conditions: Some medical conditions, such as hemophilia and von Willebrand disease, can cause the blood to clot too easily.

Blood clotting is a vital process that helps to prevent excessive bleeding. However, it is important to maintain a balance between clotting and bleeding. Too much clotting can lead to blood clots, which can be dangerous. Too little clotting can lead to excessive bleeding.

To conclude, Blood coagulation is a complex and dynamic process that involves multiple factors and feedback mechanisms. It is essential for maintaining hemostasis and preventing excessive blood loss or thrombosis (formation of abnormal blood clots). Blood coagulation disorders can result from defects in clotting factors, platelets, or endothelial cells, leading to bleeding or thrombotic complications.

I hope you learnt something interesting today. 🙏

[wayti-blog]

"An international team of researchers described how loops, crucial for the stability of such networks, occur in transport networks found in nature. The researchers observed that when one branch of the network reaches the system's boundary, the interactions between the branches change drastically. Previously repelling branches begin to attract each other, leading to the sudden formation of loops.

The findings were published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The process described appears in a surprisingly large number of systems—from electrical discharge networks to instabilities in fluid mechanics, to biological transport networks like the canal system in the jellyfish Aurelia aurita.

Nature offers us a wide spectrum of spatial, transport networks, from networks of blood vessels in our bodies to electrical discharges in a storm."

continue reading

[imagineitdearies]

Ooh you watched it too! For some reason, the two seconds of Vincent we got reminded me of Tystar, but flipped.

Re: the venom potency thing, I was actually wondering. Am I remembering right that there’s a bit of a semantic distinction between a true vampire and a vampire master? Like, courtesy of Cazador and the Rite of Perfect Slaughter, we don’t have a ton of variation in the vampiric ecosystem of Baldur’s Gate, but aren’t there covens of vampires elsewhere, like in Amn or Athkatla or something? Where there are multiple true vampires with their own spawn, but a single vampire lord? Because presumably Amanita Szarr, when she was being pressured into partaking in the “family rites,” wasn’t expected to usurp Donnella or whomever, or Cazador or anything like that. So maybe Vincent was a true vampire from a different sire, but because Cazador is the vampire lord of Baldur’s Gate, Vincent is still “a servant of [that] dread master.” Hence the second cousin twice removed brother. And why a certain murder-happy vampire lord might have potentially benefited from sending him on an errand where he was a tad less likely to return (don’t trust Cazador, don’t trust him AT ALL, I suspect foul play and I’ll blame him even if it isn’t his fault)

Or there’s always the chance it’s due to whatever is keeping a vampire’s head even slightly animated, given that IIRC decapitation is one of the tried-and-true methods for vampiric permadeath. And whatever is keeping it generating any amount of blood. Cuz while head wounds bleed a lot, the head is mostly bones and brains and muscles and juices. Not a lot in the way of large blood vessels. So something’s squidgy either way. (Honestly, wouldn’t be surprised if Araj wasn’t involved in some of the alchemical nonsense. In wider FR lore, her family has a history of mucking about with illithid blood via having their daughters go and boink with them, and they kept vampire illithids as pets/livestock, so. Add in her creepy biting fetish, and this is firmly in her wheelhouse, I’d say.)

Does anyone have a copy of the new DMG/MM/whatever manual has vampire details in it? Cuz I think I remember part of the promo for this event was that they’d be playing around with new features from 2024 5e. Maybe there’s new info? Who knows! Not I.

Also also, upon hearing Vincent say “darling,” I am firmly and irrevocably convinced that he’s where Astarion picked up the affect. Cuz shamelessly gratuitous flirt seems like an odd match for a 39 year old magistrate, questionable morality or not, at least for something that makes up such a huge part of his outward personality. So I’m imagining Vincent helping him build a mask to draw people in. I’m also imagining them as like an ace/qp relationship, cuz Astarion deserves more platonic cuddles in his life.

In conclusion, I’ve had Vincent for less than a day and if anything else happens to him, etc etc and so on.

Hi there! Yes, I most definitely saw the one-shot as I am a huge D&D nerd haha (just ran a Western-inspired game last Saturday for a friend's birthday), so I love to see the BG3 companions being played in this format. I didn't know that they were trying out 2024/One-D&D mechanics though! That may explain some of the vampire lore discrepancies, though I would be surprised 😂

It's interesting, Cazador Szarr is called both a vampire lord (basically leader of all types of lesser undead) and a master vampire (specifically can lead large gangs of spawn) in bg3, but descriptions of both seem pretty scarce via my minimal FR Wiki dives. While Vincent being a true vampire could explain his venom potency, it would seriously lower my opinion of him, because we would have no reason to believe either via lore or d&d mechanics that he'd have to follow Cazador unwillingly. Regardless, you do bring up an interesting point about Amanita Szarr and their family rites--one could argue she was made into a true vampire, not a spawn, which would certainly complicate her story (though I'd say, even though people complain about Astarion not turning his romanced Tav/Durge immediately into a true vampire, that does seem kinda risky given just how much power you'd get on top of suddenly dealing with sanguine hunger, so I've always assumed she was made a spawn).

I don't have a copy of the new 2024 d&d rules myself! Others feel free to weigh in if you know whether they might explain anything new about d&d vampires 😊 though tbh my best guess is that Jeremy Crawford, as big of a lore geek as he must be, just didn't think too hard about the implications before deciding on a dice roll that Astarion would know the decapitated vampire they found 😂 it made for some amazing roleplay, so it was worth it!!

And as someone who friendzoned him my first run, I wholeheartedly agree Astarion deserves all the platonic cuddles 🥰

[mushroomb0i]

Decided to translate stuff about Purge and Pudding from the UGA diaries kldsjfios

(i know that everyone most likely already know their content but i just haven’t seen the full translation of these posts yet, apologize in advance i have no idea how to properly format text posts)

Purge

Hmmm...

I was putting up together the material for the guidebook and publicity.

It is not the NG version, but there are many parts that are not fully depicted in the game.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

【Paji/Purge　Leader of the Rhythm Rogues (Odori Dan・ Dancho)】

　　　　　　　 　※Purge – to purge, to exclude impure things

Gender: Male

Age: 18

Blood type: A

Traits: Intelligent mind, immature spirit, extraordinary hubris.

Background: At a young age, he achieved success in the field of radio mechanics, a good social status and financial power. "My life's mission is to lead the "foolish and unhappy people of the galaxy, who are filled with daily troubles and trivial hesitations," to a paradise by my excellent hands. "

Appearance: A bit out of the ordinary and exaggerated. (On the contrary, it brings out his mischievousness). His eyes show his arousal.

Movements: Intimidating and affectionate. Narcissistic. (He is artificially powered up by dance energy extracted from people who were kidnapped and gathered by the monstrous robots.)

Hobbies: Delusions.

Personality: Extraordinarily strong self-esteem. Smug, single-minded, and highly egocentric. Grandiose.

Motto: I am amazing. (self-produce your own visuals and image)

Goal: "To make everyone in the galaxy dance." = "To create a perfect paradise with my own hands."

Relationships:

Peace – wants to harness his singing energy.

People – thinks they are "stupid and unhappy".

Protagonist – knows about her, wants to use her dance energy.

Pudding – doesn’t really care about her.

Pine – doesn’t know much about her, not really dealing with the space police.

Jaguar – abducts him with the entire Pirate Broadcasting Station vessel and uses it for the initial stage of "sending out dancing monstrous radio waves". Also brainwashes Jaguar to use him to lead the Rhythm Rogues.

Shadow – an ideal subordinate for him, the moment he says "Shadow★", he feels a little sexual arousal.

Robo – created them more like his children than his minions.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

We are asking the related parties to make the other characters available on the official website.

Pudding

Well, this is something I compiled as a material for publicity and the guidebook, even though you don't need to know anything at all to play the game (although that would be good if you know)

--------------------------------------------------------------------

【Purin/Pudding　Channel 42 Reporter (Chaneru 42・ Ripota)】

Gender: Female

Birthday: 2450.09.05

Age: 19

Height: 157 cm

Basic size: B80/W56/H82 (all estimated)

Blood type: AB

Special skill: Skipping (taken from the resume)

Background: Five years ago, she changed her career from idol to reporter. Recently, the rival relationship with the protagonist has been in the spotlight. She started to play the guitar not a while ago.

Appearance: Cute with a hint of dignity.

Movements: Mainly cute, sometimes punkish and intense.

Hobbies: Music, dancing, mid-size starbikes.

Motto: "Aspiration is detonated by pride."

Personality: Prideful and competitive. She has a strong sense of rivalry with anyone she thinks is (or may be) better than her. At first glance, she seems to be a broken person, but in fact, all of her actions are based on her own pride, and she is always full of initiative. (Her pride (which is by no means a disorder) is often an obstacle to her honest expression of her feelings.)

Relationships:

Protagonist – still thinks of her as a rival, but at the same time, greatly admires her abilities. People around them sometimes wonder if they have become good friends. Although they sometimes become friends, Pudding has not changed his position toward her as just a colleague. → In the previous report, she ended up doing the "Channel 5" pose, which is one of the biggest regrets of her life.

Jaguar – really likes his behavior and appearance. However, she has not developed her feelings further because there’s not so much information available.

Peace – likes his singing and dancing, but she is careful not to be unconditionally impressed. → Anybody who has "immense influence over the people" is a competitor for her.

Purge – not really an enemy to her, just a "competitor" in a larger sense.

Pine – doesn’t like her much. She can't understand Pine's behavior style, which only follows the rules (abandoning her own independence). Nor does she intend to understand it.

[bisexualvalve]

Interview by Stephanie Desmon

Until now, people who suffered mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 were thought to have dodged the brunt of the virus’s brutal side effects. But new evidence has revealed that anyone infected with COVID is at higher risk for heart issues—including clots, inflammation, and arrhythmias—a risk that persists even in relatively healthy people long after the illness has passed.

In this Q&A, adapted from the March 9 episode of Public Health On Call, Ziyad Al-Aly, director of the Clinical Epidemiology Center and chief of Research and Education Service at Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, talks with Stephanie Desmon about COVID-19 and the heart, including his recent study, which found a significant risk of heart problems in people a year after being diagnosed with COVID.

You just published a study that says that in some people who’ve had COVID, heart issues can persist for a year or more. What does this mean and what did you study?

We've known for a while that during the acute phase—the first 30 days of COVID-19—people who have severe disease and need to be admitted to the hospital or ICU may develop heart complications. We didn't know what happened to people's hearts in the long term—six months to a year out—or what happened to people who had mild disease and did not need hospitalization or ICU care.

We did this study to evaluate the one-year risk of heart problems in people who got COVID-19, compared to nearly 11 million controls of people who did not.

What did you find?

The major finding was that people with COVID-19 have a higher risk of all sorts of heart problems at one year. That included arrhythmias (irregular heart beats or the heart beating too fast or too slow) and atrial fibrillation (a fast heart rhythm in a particular pattern). We found evidence of an increased risk of stroke, of blood clots in the legs and the lungs, and of heart failure and heart attacks. The increased risk of a broad spectrum of heart problems was evident. 

I went into it thinking that [the risk] was going to be most pronounced and evident in people who smoked a lot or had diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, or some [other] risk factors. What we found is that even in people who did not have any heart problems start with, were athletic, did not have a high BMI, were not obese, did not smoke, did not have kidney disease or diabetes—even in people who were previously healthy and had no risk factors or problems with the heart—COVID-19 affected them in such a way that manifested the higher risk of heart problems than people who did not get COVID-19.

It was really eye-opening that the risk was also evident in people who did not have severe COVID-19 that necessitated hospitalization or ICU care. People who got COVID-19 and were asymptomatic, or got COVID-19 that was so mild that they were able to nurse it at home, without going to the doctor still developed an increased risk of heart problems a year out.

What's going on in the body? 

A lot of different things could be happening. It's possible that the virus itself and the immune response to it cause an intense inflammation that subsequently hits the heart and results in some of the manifestations we've seen here. It's possible that COVID-19 may attack the endothelial cells that line the vessels of the heart. Some of these cells might die and eventually facilitate the formation of blood clots and blockages of the arteries or vessels of the heart. 

There are several other mechanisms that revolve around something called the ACE receptor. The virus has something called a spike protein, which is like a key that engages a lock—the ACE receptor. That allows the virus into cells, including heart cells. 

Why would SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID 19, which we all thought about as a respiratory virus, attack the heart up to a year down the road? That’s likely one of the explanations.

This study was done before vaccination was widely available. Is there any indication that, for example, breakthrough infections would have a different result long term?

Yes. We are [studying] this, but I think the jury is still out. We're certainly very interested in addressing that publicly as soon as we can.

You studied Veterans Administration records, and that population is mostly men, white, and older. Do you feel that [the findings] apply to the entire population?

Yes and no. I think we have to be cognizant that this study comes from one system, the VA system, but that needs to be put into a larger context. This is a study of nearly more than 11 million people. People tell me most vets are males, but 10% are females—meaning our study has more than 1 million females. Similarly, 20% [of study participants] are Black—more than 2 million people. 

In addition to this, we did subgroup analyses to see what would happen in only women, only men, only Black people or white people, people younger than a certain age or older than a certain age. Across the board we saw an increased risk of heart problems. This tells us that it doesn't matter if you are a female or male, Black or white, older or younger, diabetic, a smoker, have chronic kidney disease or other cardiovascular risk factors, or not. The risk was across the board, and it’s driven by COVID-19. It really spared no one.

The jury's still out on all of the things that long COVID might encompass. Would this fit into that category?

Absolutely. Long COVID is the umbrella term that describes all the post-acute manifestations that happen as a result of COVID-19. It could be things that started in the acute phase that lingered and persisted into the long term, or it could be new things attributable to SARS-CoV-2 that have happened three, four, or five months out. When you have that definition in mind, it's very clear that the heart manifestations we described in our report are part and parcel of the broader picture of long COVID. 

Long COVID can give you fatigue and brain fog and result in new-onset diabetes, kidney problems, and heart problems. All of that collectively forms a multilayered, multifaceted long COVID. That's not to say one patient will have all of these things.

Are we going to have a lot of people who have some form of long COVID and are chronically ill? Will it be a strain on government resources? What do you see as the future?

I think that's why talking about it is very important. We think long COVID can affect anywhere between 4% and 7% of people. That seems really small, but it’s not if you multiply that number by the huge number of people infected with COVID in the U.S., more than 80 million people and counting. We think that will translate into millions of people with long COVID in need of care, and broadly speaking, our health systems need to be prepared. People running health systems or clinics need to start preparing for the tide of patients that are going to hit our doors with heart problems and other long COVID problems. 

On a government level, I think we definitely need to be prepared for this. We cannot move on from the pandemic and disregard its long-term consequences. Arguably the long-term consequences are going to be even more profound and stick with us and scar a lot of people around us for generations. 

A lot of the manifestations we're describing in this report are chronic conditions that will [affect] people for a lifetime. For example, heart failure isn't something that you wake up tomorrow and all of a sudden don't have. That's not how it works. We're no longer talking about things that might improve tomorrow—we're seeing chronic conditions that will require care for a long time. People, health systems, and governments need to be prepared for that.

[drchristophedelongsblog]

Extracorporeal shock waves: a healing wave

Imagine a powerful wave crashing against a rock, creating an intense vibration. That's what shock waves are, but on a much smaller scale and applied for therapeutic purposes.

What are shock waves?

Extracorporeal shock waves are high-energy acoustic waves produced by a medical device. These waves are generated outside the body (hence the term ‘extracorporeal’) and transmitted through the skin to the tissue to be treated. They create a pressure wave that penetrates deep into the tissue, inducing controlled microtrauma.

 How does it work?

Shockwaves have many complex mechanisms of action:

- Mechanical effect: Shock waves create tiny gas bubbles in the tissue, which implode, releasing energy. This mechanical energy promotes neovascularisation (the formation of new blood vessels), cell regeneration and the dissolution of calcifications.

- Analgesic effect: Shock waves act on pain receptors, reducing sensitivity and the perception of pain.

- Anti-inflammatory effect: They modulate the inflammatory response, reducing the oedema and pain associated with chronic inflammation.

What is it used for?

Shock waves are used to treat a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions, including

- Chronic tendinopathies: epicondylitis (tennis elbow), Achilles tendonitis, patellar tendonitis, etc.

- Tendon calcifications: shoulder calcifications, heel calcifications, etc.

- Bone pain: stress fracture, pseudarthrosis, etc.

- Chronic muscular pain

What happens during a session?

A shockwave session is generally well tolerated, although some patients may experience slight pain during the treatment. The therapist applies a gel to the area to be treated and positions the device's applicator. Pulses are then delivered repeatedly.

Advantages of shock waves :

- Non-invasive treatment: No surgery, no general anaesthetic.

- Rapid and lasting effects: Pain relief and improved function in many cases.

- Few side effects: Undesirable effects are generally mild and transient.

In conclusion, extracorporeal shock waves represent a major advance in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Their complex mechanism of action and numerous advantages mean that they are increasingly used as a therapeutic technique.

[usascripthelpersofficial]

Blood thinners are medications that prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger in the blood vessels. They play an essential role for individuals with certain cardiovascular conditions or those at risk of blood clots, and they are often prescribed for managing conditions like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation, and other heart-related health issues. While blood thinners work to improve blood flow and reduce clotting risks, questions often arise regarding their influence on body weight and whether they may cause weight loss or impact appetite.

Understanding the effects of blood thinners is important for individuals on these medications, particularly regarding potential side effects and lifestyle considerations.

What Are Blood Thinners and How Do They Work?

Blood thinners are medications designed to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger, thereby reducing the risk of serious cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes. They are classified into two main categories: anticoagulants and antiplatelets.

Types of Blood Thinners

Anticoagulants

Anticoagulants work by slowing down the blood clotting process. They are commonly prescribed for conditions such as atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and after certain types of surgeries. Key anticoagulants include:

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Heparin

Dabigatran (Pradaxa)

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Apixaban (Eliquis)

Depending on the specific drug and clinical context, these medications may be administered orally or via injection.

Antiplatelets

Antiplatelet medications prevent blood cells called platelets from clumping together to form clots. They are often used in patients who have had a heart attack or stroke. Common antiplatelet drugs include:

Aspirin

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Ticagrelor (Brilinta)

These are typically taken in pill form.

Mechanism of Action

Blood thinners operate through different mechanisms:

Anticoagulants

Anticoagulants interfere with the coagulation cascade, which is the series of processes that lead to blood clot formation. For example:

Some anticoagulants inhibit vitamin K, a crucial element for synthesizing clotting factors that help blood cells bind together.

Others target specific enzymes in the coagulation pathway, effectively prolonging the time it takes for blood to clot.

Antiplatelets

Antiplatelet drugs inhibit the aggregation of platelets, preventing them from sticking together and forming clots. This action is particularly important in preventing arterial clots that can lead to heart attacks and strokes.

Indications for Use

Blood thinners are indicated for various medical conditions, including:

Atrial fibrillation

Heart valve replacement

Certain congenital heart defects

Risk of blood clots post-surgery

Do Blood Thinners Affect Appetite?

Yes, blood thinners can affect appetite. Common side effects of anticoagulants, such as warfarin and clopidogrel, include gastrointestinal issues like nausea, stomach upset, and bloating, which can lead to a decreased desire to eat. Some patients may experience a loss of appetite as a direct result of these medications. Additionally, clopidogrel has been associated with a loss of taste, which can further contribute to appetite reduction and potential weight loss. If these appetite changes are significant, patients need to consult their healthcare provider for possible adjustments to their treatment plan.

Do Blood Thinners Make You Lose Weight?

Blood thinners can potentially lead to weight loss, but this effect is not universally experienced and may vary by individual. Some studies have suggested that certain blood thinners, like dipyridamole, may enhance fat burning and increase energy expenditure, particularly by promoting the activity of brown fat, which burns calories. In animal studies, mice treated with dipyridamole showed reduced weight gain on high-fat diets compared to controls, indicating a possible mechanism for weight management. However, for most people taking blood thinners, weight loss is more likely a side effect of appetite suppression due to gastrointestinal issues such as nausea or loss of appetite rather than a direct result of the medication itself. Therefore, while there may be some evidence supporting weight loss effects in specific contexts, it is not a guaranteed or common outcome for all individuals on blood thinners.

Based on a user of Ozempic and Xarelto on Reddit: ‘I’m on Xarelto and Ozempic and am not having any issues. It doesn’t seem to pose any risk taking the two together. Speak to your hematologist

What Happens to Your Body When You Take Blood Thinners?

When a person begins taking blood thinners, the medication starts affecting the blood clotting process in various ways, depending on the type of blood thinner prescribed. Here’s an overview of what happens:

Blood thinners work by inhibiting clotting factors or platelet aggregation, which reduces the blood’s tendency to form clots. This effect is particularly vital for people at risk of clot-related health issues, such as those with atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, or recent surgeries.

Since blood thinners prevent blood from clotting as easily, they can increase the risk of bleeding. This is why people on blood thinners are advised to avoid activities that may lead to injuries and to take precautions with certain medical procedures. Minor injuries that might otherwise be harmless could lead to more significant bleeding.

While blood thinners are generally safe under medical supervision, they may cause certain side effects. Some people experience bruising more easily, prolonged bleeding from cuts, or minor gastrointestinal issues. These side effects are usually manageable, but it is essential to report any unusual symptoms, such as severe headaches, coughing up blood, or unexplained bruising, to a healthcare provider promptly.

Individuals on certain blood thinners, particularly warfarin, need to be mindful of their intake of vitamin K, as it plays a role in blood clotting. Foods high in vitamin K, such as leafy greens, can counteract the effects of warfarin. For other blood thinners, these dietary restrictions are less pronounced, but maintaining a balanced diet is crucial for overall health.

What Are the Positive Effects of Blood Thinners?

Blood thinners, also known as anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, play a vital role in the management of various health conditions related to the cardiovascular system. While these medications come with certain risks and potential side effects, their positive effects far outweigh the downsides for individuals who need them. Here are some of the primary positive effects of blood thinners:

Prevention of Life-Threatening Blood Clots

One of the most significant benefits of blood thinners is their ability to prevent the formation of dangerous blood clots. Conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) can lead to severe complications, including death, if not treated promptly. Blood thinners reduce the blood’s ability to clot, thereby significantly lowering the risk of these life-threatening events. This is particularly crucial for individuals with underlying health conditions such as atrial fibrillation, which increases the likelihood of clot formation in the heart.

Reduced Risk of Stroke and Heart Attack

Blood thinners are essential for reducing the risk of strokes and heart attacks, especially in patients with specific risk factors. Atrial fibrillation, a common heart rhythm disorder, can lead to the formation of clots that may travel to the brain, causing a stroke. By inhibiting the clotting process, blood thinners effectively decrease the risk of stroke in these patients. Similarly, they help prevent heart attacks by maintaining smooth blood flow through the arteries, reducing the likelihood of clots obstructing blood vessels that supply the heart muscle.

Improved Blood Flow and Circulation

By preventing excessive clotting, blood thinners facilitate improved blood flow throughout the body. This is particularly beneficial for individuals recovering from surgeries or managing chronic conditions that affect circulation. Improved blood flow can alleviate symptoms such as pain or swelling in the extremities, enhancing the overall quality of life. Additionally, better circulation supports organ function, allowing tissues to receive the oxygen and nutrients they need to thrive.

Enhanced Recovery Post-Surgery

Blood thinners play a crucial role in post-surgical recovery, especially for patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries like hip or knee replacements. These surgeries often result in decreased mobility, which can heighten the risk of developing blood clots. By using blood thinners, healthcare providers can significantly reduce the incidence of post-surgical complications related to clot formation, allowing patients to recover more smoothly and resume their normal activities sooner.

Support for Long-Term Management of Chronic Conditions

For individuals with chronic health conditions such as heart disease, peripheral artery disease, or certain types of cancer, blood thinners are essential for long-term management. These medications help manage the risks associated with these conditions by preventing clot-related complications, thereby improving overall health outcomes. Patients on long-term blood thinners often experience a reduction in hospitalizations related to clotting issues, leading to better management of their chronic illnesses.

Facilitation of Other Treatments

In some cases, blood thinners are used in conjunction with other medical treatments, such as chemotherapy for cancer patients. By preventing clot formation, blood thinners can help mitigate some of the risks associated with cancer therapies, allowing for a more effective treatment plan. This is especially important since certain cancer treatments can increase the likelihood of developing blood clots.

Greater Peace of Mind

For individuals at risk of blood clots, the use of blood thinners can provide significant psychological benefits. Knowing that they are taking proactive steps to reduce their risk of severe complications can lead to greater peace of mind. This reassurance can enhance overall well-being, allowing individuals to focus on their daily lives without the constant fear of a potentially life-threatening clot.

Can Blood Thinners Cause Weight Gain?

Blood thinners, such as Eliquis (apixaban) and warfarin, are medications used to prevent blood clots. While weight gain is not commonly listed as a side effect in clinical trials, some patients report experiencing weight changes after starting these medications.

Anecdotal evidence from users indicates that individuals on blood thinners, particularly Eliquis, have gained between 5 to 18 pounds. Many attribute this weight gain to factors like fluid retention, increased appetite, or reduced physical activity due to underlying health conditions. For instance, patients recovering from surgery may be less mobile, contributing to weight gain.

However, clinical sources like the Mayo Clinic state that Eliquis itself is not known to cause weight gain directly. Instead, any weight changes might be due to decreased mobility or other health issues rather than the medication itself. Additionally, some users have noted gastrointestinal side effects that could indirectly affect weight.

What Blood Thinner Does Not Cause Weight Gain?

When considering blood thinners that are less likely to cause weight gain, Eliquis (apixaban) is often mentioned. Clinical evidence suggests that Eliquis does not typically lead to significant weight changes. While some individuals report gaining weight after starting this medication, these instances are not universally experienced and may be influenced by factors unrelated to the drug itself.

Reasons Eliquis is Considered Weight Neutral

In clinical studies, weight gain was not reported as a common side effect of Eliquis. The medication primarily functions to prevent blood clots without directly affecting metabolism or appetite.

Many patients have shared their experiences on forums, stating they did not gain weight while on Eliquis. Some even noted weight loss due to increased physical activity after starting treatment.

Weight changes reported by some users may be attributed to decreased mobility due to the conditions being treated with Eliquis, rather than the medication itself. For example, individuals recovering from surgery may experience reduced activity levels, leading to weight gain.

Managing Weight and Lifestyle on Blood Thinners

Maintaining a healthy weight and lifestyle is important for individuals on blood thinners to enhance overall health and support cardiovascular function. Here are some lifestyle tips to help manage weight and stay healthy while on blood thinners:

Following a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains supports cardiovascular health and helps maintain a stable weight. For those on warfarin, moderate consumption of vitamin K-rich foods is essential to avoid interference with medication effectiveness.

Engaging in regular physical activity not only aids in weight management but also promotes healthy circulation. Activities such as walking, swimming, and yoga are generally safe and effective for individuals on blood thinners, but it’s wise to avoid high-impact sports that increase the risk of injury.

Staying hydrated is crucial for blood circulation and overall health. Adequate hydration supports the body’s natural blood flow and can help minimize any bloating or fluid retention, which might contribute to temporary weight fluctuations.

Routine check-ups are essential for monitoring the effectiveness of blood thinners and adjusting dosages if necessary. Healthcare providers can also help address any weight-related concerns or side effects that may arise.

Potential Side Effects and Risks of Blood Thinners

Blood thinners, also known as anticoagulants and antiplatelet medications, are essential for preventing and treating blood clots. However, they come with a range of potential side effects and risks that patients should be aware of.

Common Side Effects

Bleeding Risks: The most significant risk associated with blood thinners is excessive bleeding. This can manifest as:

Frequent nosebleeds

Unusual bruising

Blood in urine or stools

Prolonged bleeding from cuts

Heavy menstrual periods

Gastrointestinal Issues: Some patients may experience nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or bloating. Long-term use can lead to ulcers in the stomach or intestines.

Allergic Reactions: Symptoms may include rash, itching, or swelling of the face and throat, which require immediate medical attention.

Other Complications: Long-term use of certain blood thinners, like warfarin and heparin, can lead to osteoporosis or thrombocytopenia (a decrease in platelets), increasing the risk of fractures or clotting complications.

Management of Risks

To mitigate these risks, patients should:

Take medications exactly as prescribed.

Avoid activities that could lead to injury.

Regularly monitor blood levels if required (e.g., INR for warfarin).

Consult healthcare providers before taking any new medications or supplements to avoid interactions.

Final Thought

Blood thinners serve as critical medications for individuals at risk of blood clots, strokes, and other cardiovascular complications. Although they do not directly cause weight loss or affect appetite, they offer numerous health benefits by improving circulation, reducing the risk of clots, and promoting heart health. Managing lifestyle factors, maintaining a balanced diet, and engaging in regular physical activity can help support overall health for those on blood thinners.

If you’re considering blood thinner therapy or are already on these medications, consult with your healthcare provider for personalized guidance. For those seeking access to their medication, Buy medications from Canada, ensuring safe and affordable access to essential treatments.

Blood thinners can be lifesaving, and with mindful management, they provide robust support for cardiovascular and circulatory health without compromising weight or appetite stability.

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How Prolonged Achilles Tendinitis Causes Chronic Pain: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Introduction Achilles tendinitis is a common condition affecting athletes, runners, and individuals with active lifestyles. While it often resolves with rest and treatment, prolonged Achilles tendinitis can lead to chronic pain, significantly affecting quality of life. In this article, we explore how prolonged Achilles tendinitis develops into chronic pain, the underlying mechanisms, symptoms, and effective treatment options to manage and prevent it.

What is Achilles Tendinitis? Achilles tendinitis refers to inflammation of the Achilles tendon, the largest tendon in the body, connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone. The condition is often caused by repetitive stress, overuse, or sudden increases in physical activity.

When untreated or poorly managed, acute tendinitis can progress to a chronic state, resulting in long-term pain and functional limitations.

How Prolonged Achilles Tendinitis Leads to Chronic Pain

Degenerative Tendon Changes (Tendinosis) Chronic tendinitis causes the tendon fibers to weaken due to repeated microtears and incomplete healing. Over time, this leads to:

Collagen disorganization

Reduced tendon elasticity and strength

Formation of scar tissue

These degenerative changes, known as tendinosis, result in stiffness and chronic pain.

Neovascularization and Nerve Ingrowth Prolonged inflammation can stimulate the formation of new, abnormal blood vessels in the tendon (neovascularization). These blood vessels often bring new pain-sensing nerve fibers, increasing sensitivity and contributing to chronic pain, even with minimal activity.

Persistent Inflammation and Swelling Continued stress on the Achilles tendon can cause low-grade, unresolved inflammation. This inflammatory state sensitizes surrounding tissues, perpetuating the pain cycle.

Calcification and Bone Spurs Prolonged Achilles tendinitis may result in calcification of the tendon or the development of bone spurs where the tendon attaches to the heel bone. These structural changes can irritate the tendon and nearby tissues, causing pain and limiting mobility.

Symptoms of Chronic Achilles Tendinitis Chronic Achilles tendinitis is characterized by:

Persistent pain along the back of the heel or lower calf

Morning stiffness in the tendon

Swelling and tenderness

Thickened or nodular tendon

Pain that worsens during activity and improves with rest

Difficulty walking or running

Risk Factors for Chronic Achilles Tendinitis Certain factors increase the likelihood of Achilles tendinitis progressing to chronic pain, including:

Overuse without adequate rest

Poor biomechanics (e.g., flat feet, tight calf muscles)

Wearing improper footwear

Lack of warm-up or stretching before exercise

Age-related tendon degeneration

Treatment Options for Chronic Achilles Tendinitis

Conservative Management

Rest and Activity Modification: Reduce high-impact activities to allow the tendon to heal.

Physical Therapy: Eccentric exercises can strengthen the tendon and improve flexibility.

Orthotics and Footwear: Supportive shoes or custom orthotics can correct biomechanical issues.

Anti-inflammatory Medications: NSAIDs may help reduce pain and inflammation.

Advanced Treatments

Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT): Stimulates healing by promoting blood flow and collagen production.

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections: Enhance tissue repair by delivering growth factors directly to the damaged area.

Corticosteroid Injections: Reduce inflammation, though their use must be limited to avoid further tendon damage.

Surgical Intervention In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue, repair tears, or address bone spurs. Post-surgical rehabilitation is crucial for optimal recovery.

Prevention of Chronic Achilles Tendinitis To reduce the risk of chronic Achilles tendinitis:

Gradually increase activity levels

Incorporate stretching and strengthening exercises into your routine

Wear proper footwear with adequate arch support

Address any biomechanical issues with a healthcare professional

Prioritize rest and recovery after intense physical activity

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Blood Clot in Brain: Types, Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

A blood clot in the brain, known as cerebral thrombosis or cerebral embolism, is a serious medical condition that requires immediate attention. Blood clots can restrict or block blood flow to essential areas of the brain, leading to strokes and other complications. At GS Hospital, one of the best neuro hospital in Ghaziabad and among the top 10 private hospitals in Uttar Pradesh, we have a dedicated team specializing in the treatment and management of neurological conditions. In this article, we’ll explore the types, symptoms, causes, and treatments for brain clots, offering insights into how early diagnosis and prompt care can make all the difference.

Understanding a Blood Clot in the Brain:

A blood clot in the brain occurs when a blockage forms in a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of oxygen-rich blood to brain tissue. This interruption in blood supply causes brain cells to quickly become deprived of oxygen and nutrients, leading to cell death and severe neurological symptoms. Blood clots in the brain are a leading cause of stroke, which is a critical medical emergency that can result in lasting brain damage or even be fatal if not treated promptly.

Key Points on Blood Clots in the Brain:

What Happens: The blockage restricts oxygen and nutrient flow to the brain, leading to cell death.

Symptoms: Patients may experience sudden headaches, vision changes, confusion, dizziness, and weakness, often on one side of the body.

Stroke Risk: Blood clots are a major cause of ischemic stroke, which requires immediate medical attention to prevent severe consequences.

Types of Clots: Clots may develop within the brain’s arteries or can travel from other parts of the body, like the heart or legs, to lodge in brain vessels.

 

Causes and Risk Factors:

Health Conditions: High blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, and high cholesterol increase clot risks.

Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle contribute to clot formation.

Genetics and Age: Family history and advanced age also raise the likelihood of blood clots in the brain.

 

Immediate Medical Attention Needed:

If you suspect a blood clot in the brain, seek medical care urgently. Early intervention can prevent further brain damage and improve recovery outcomes.

 

Types of Blood Clots in the Brain:

Blood clots in the brain can lead to serious medical emergencies, primarily taking the form of two main types of stroke: Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Stroke. Each has distinct causes, mechanisms, and treatment approaches.

1. Ischemic Stroke: Blockage of Blood Flow:

An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms within a blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain, obstructing blood flow and depriving brain cells of oxygen.

Causes:

Atherosclerosis: The buildup of fatty deposits (plaques) within the blood vessels narrows the arteries, increasing the risk of a clot forming.

Blood Clot Formation: Blood clots can develop in narrowed areas or as a result of other health issues such as irregular heart rhythms (atrial fibrillation).

Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, poor diet, and lack of physical activity can contribute to the buildup of plaque and increase ischemic stroke risk.

2. Hemorrhagic Stroke: Bleeding in the Brain:

A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a weakened blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing bleeding and pressure buildup that can damage brain tissue.

Causes:

High Blood Pressure: Hypertension puts stress on blood vessel walls, increasing the risk of rupture.

Aneurysms: Weak spots in blood vessels can balloon and burst under pressure.

Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs): Abnormal connections between arteries and veins can lead to vessel rupture.

Trauma or Injury: Physical impact can also lead to bleeding within the brain.

Recognizing Symptoms of a Blood Clot in the Brain:

Blood clots in the brain, often associated with strokes, present symptoms that vary based on the clot’s location and severity. These symptoms can be sudden and life-threatening, so recognizing them quickly is crucial for timely medical intervention. Here are common signs to watch for and what they may indicate:

1. Sudden Weakness or Numbness:

One-Sided Symptoms: Often, blood clots in the brain affect one side of the body, causing weakness or numbness in areas such as the face, arm, or leg.

Facial Drooping: This can manifest as an uneven smile or difficulty moving one side of the face.

Arm Weakness: Affected individuals may find it challenging to raise one arm or keep it lifted without it drifting downwards.

Leg Numbness: Walking or standing may become difficult or unsteady.

 

2. Speech Difficulties:

Slurred Speech: People with a blood clot in the brain may struggle to pronounce words, resulting in slurred or garbled speech.

Inability to Form Words: Clots impacting certain brain areas can interfere with the ability to form coherent sentences.

Difficulty Understanding Speech: Beyond speaking issues, some may find it hard to comprehend what others are saying, leading to confusion in conversation.

 

3. Vision Problems:

Sudden Vision Loss: This may occur in one or both eyes, often described as a "curtain" falling over the vision.

Blurred or Double Vision: Blood clots can disrupt normal eye coordination, causing double vision or blurriness.

Partial Vision Loss: Some individuals may lose vision in part of their visual field, often without realizing it immediately.

 

4. Severe Headache:

Thunderclap Headache: Described as a sudden and extremely painful headache, this symptom can signal a hemorrhagic stroke, where bleeding in the brain increases intracranial pressure.

Unusual or Unfamiliar Pain: Unlike common headaches, these may feel sharp, intense, and escalate quickly.

Accompanying Symptoms: These headaches are often accompanied by other signs like neck stiffness, nausea, or vomiting, especially if bleeding is involved.

 

5. Dizziness or Loss of Balance:

Sudden Dizziness: Blood clots may disrupt blood flow to areas responsible for balance, leading to sudden and unexplained dizziness.

Loss of Coordination: People may find it challenging to walk straight or stay upright.

Unsteady Gait: An uncoordinated or “staggering” walk may signal a clot impacting brain regions that control motor skills.

 

6. Confusion and Cognitive Issues:

Trouble Understanding: Patients might appear confused, struggle with comprehension, or have difficulty following simple instructions.

Disorientation: This includes being unsure of time, place, or identity, especially if the clot affects areas related to memory and cognition.

Sudden Memory Lapses: Clots that affect the brain’s memory centers can cause sudden forgetfulness or confusion about familiar people or surroundings.

 

Urgency of Seeking Medical Attention:

If you or someone you know experiences any of these symptoms, it is critical to seek medical help immediately. Blood clots in the brain require rapid response to minimize brain damage and increase the chances of recovery. Swift treatment, including clot-dissolving medications and other interventions, can be lifesaving.

 

Diagnosis of Blood Clots in the Brain:

Accurate and rapid diagnosis is essential when a blood clot is suspected in the brain. Proper identification of a clot can prevent further complications and facilitate timely, targeted treatment. The Top 10 private hospitals in Uttar Pradesh like GS Hospital, our specialists employ advanced diagnostic techniques to detect brain clots with precision and efficiency. Here are the primary methods used:

 

1. CT Scan:

Rapid Imaging: CT scans are often the first step, as they can quickly reveal bleeding, blockages, or abnormalities within the brain.

Stroke Detection: This scan helps determine if the stroke is ischemic (caused by a clot) or hemorrhagic (caused by bleeding).

Guides Initial Treatment: The results can help doctors make immediate decisions about initial treatment steps.

 

2. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging):

Detailed Visualization: MRIs produce high-resolution images, allowing for a closer look at smaller clots or damaged areas.

Distinguishes Between Tissues: MRI can reveal more subtle signs of injury, making it useful for understanding the extent of brain tissue damage.

Ideal for Complex Cases: MRI is often used when CT scans are inconclusive or when further detail is needed.

 

3. Doppler Ultrasound:

Blood Flow Assessment: This non-invasive test measures blood flow through the arteries in the neck and brain.

Detects Blockages: Doppler ultrasound can indicate blockages or narrowed arteries, which are risk factors for clots.

Portable Option: It is especially valuable for ongoing monitoring or when quick bedside assessments are needed.

 

4. Angiography:

Blood Vessel Visualization: Angiography involves injecting a contrast dye to make blood vessels visible on X-ray images.

Identifies Precise Blockage Location: It provides a clear map of the arteries and pinpoints the clot’s exact location.

Useful in Planning Surgery: Angiography helps neurosurgeons plan procedures by giving a clear view of the vascular structure.

 

Treatment Options for Blood Clots in the Brain:

Treating brain clots depends on the type of stroke and the severity of the condition. The top 10 Best Neurology Hospitals in Uttar Pradesh like GS Hospital offers a range of treatment options to manage blood clots effectively:

 

1. Medications:

Anticoagulants (Blood Thinners): Medications such as warfarin or heparin prevent further clot formation and help reduce the risk of additional strokes.

Thrombolytics (Clot-Busting Drugs): These medications dissolve existing clots and are highly effective if administered within hours of symptom onset.

Anti-Platelet Drugs: Medications like aspirin may be prescribed to prevent platelets from sticking together and forming new clots.

 

2. Surgical Intervention:

Mechanical Thrombectomy: In this minimally invasive procedure, a catheter is used to physically remove the clot from the blocked blood vessel, often through a tiny incision.

Craniotomy: For hemorrhagic strokes, a craniotomy may be necessary to relieve pressure caused by bleeding in the brain.

Endovascular Procedures: These involve inserting devices to treat blood vessel issues, such as stents to keep arteries open.

 

3. Physical Rehabilitation:

Physical Therapy: Helps patients rebuild strength and mobility that may be lost due to stroke-related damage.

Occupational Therapy: Assists patients in relearning daily activities and improving fine motor skills.

Speech and Cognitive Therapy: Restores language and cognitive abilities affected by the clot’s impact on brain function.

 

Preventing Blood Clots in the Brain:

Preventing brain clots involves lifestyle adjustments and medical management to reduce the risk of clots forming. Here are some effective steps:

1. Maintain a Healthy Diet:

Focus on Heart-Healthy Foods: A diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and lean proteins supports cardiovascular health.

Limit Saturated Fats and Sugars: Reducing these can help lower cholesterol and blood pressure, both of which are risk factors for clots.

Increase Fiber Intake: Fiber helps manage cholesterol, which can reduce plaque buildup in blood vessels.

 

2. Engage in Regular Exercise:

Boost Circulation: Physical activity improves blood flow and reduces the risk of clots.

Promotes Heart Health: Regular exercise supports a healthy heart and vascular system.

Reduces Weight: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce strain on blood vessels and lower clot risk.

 

3. Quit Smoking:

Improves Vascular Health: Smoking damages blood vessels and raises the risk of clot formation.

Reduces Stroke Risk: Quitting smoking is one of the most effective ways to lower the likelihood of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.

Improves Overall Health: Reducing or eliminating tobacco use has numerous long-term health benefits.

 

4. Manage Blood Pressure and Cholesterol:

Monitor Regularly: Regular check-ups allow for early detection and management of high blood pressure and cholesterol.

Medication Adherence: If prescribed, take blood pressure or cholesterol medications as directed to maintain optimal levels.

Diet and Lifestyle Support: Reducing salt intake and exercising regularly are also effective in managing blood pressure.

 

5. Control Diabetes:

Maintain Stable Blood Sugar Levels: Managing blood sugar through diet, exercise, and medication can help protect blood vessels.

Regular Monitoring: Consistent monitoring of glucose levels helps prevent complications that may increase clot risk.

Healthy Diet and Exercise: Lifestyle adjustments that support blood sugar control can also improve overall vascular health.

 

Conclusion:

A blood clot in the brain is a critical medical condition requiring immediate care. By understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options, you can take proactive steps to prevent and manage this health risk. At GS Hospital, we pride ourselves on being among the best Neurosurgery Hospitals in UP, providing top-tier care with a dedicated team of neuro specialists ready to assist in emergencies.

For any concerns or if you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms, reach out to GS Hospital a trusted choice in neurology and neurosurgery care. With our expert team and state-of-the-art technology, we’re committed to helping you on your path to recovery and health.