#tomography

[materialsscienceandengineering]

New X-ray technique maps the nanoscale architecture of functional materials

Researchers have pioneered a new technique at the Swiss Light Source SLS called X-ray linear dichroic orientation tomography, which probes the orientation of a material's building blocks at the nanoscale in three-dimensions. First applied to study a polycrystalline catalyst, the technique allows the visualization of crystal grains, grain boundaries and defects—key factors determining catalyst performance. Beyond catalysis, the technique allows previously inaccessible insights into the structure of diverse functional materials, including those used in information technology, energy storage and biomedical applications. The researchers present their method in Nature. Zoom in to the micro or nanostructure of functional materials, both natural and manmade, and you'll find they consist of thousands upon thousands of coherent domains or grains—distinct regions where molecules and atoms are arranged in a repeating pattern.

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[atharvareports]

Optical Coherence Tomography Market Forecast 2024 to 2032

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a medical imaging technique that uses light waves to capture cross-sectional images of biological tissues with high resolution. By analyzing the light reflections from different tissue layers, OCT provides detailed, non-invasive visualization of structures within the body, such as the eye's retina or layers of skin. This technology is widely used in ophthalmology, cardiology, and other medical specialties for diagnosis, monitoring, and research purposes.

Optical Coherence Tomography Marketwas valued at USD 1.43 Billion in 2022 and is expected to register a CAGR of 12% by 2032.

Key factors in the optical coherence tomography (OCT) market include its high-resolution imaging capabilities, non-invasive nature, and wide range of medical applications. The increasing demand for accurate and early disease detection, the advancements in imaging technology, and the need for precise visualization in fields like ophthalmology, cardiology, and dermatology drive the adoption of OCT.

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[ijcimr]

Calvarial Tuberculosis by Eleni Ischaki in International Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Reviews 

A 19-year-old boy presented with status epilepticus. Computed tomography of the brain showed a big, multilobular mass, with peripheral oedema in the frontal lobe which was enhanced peripherally after intravenous administration of a contrast agent. The mass penetrated the frontal bone and extended subcutaneously. He immediately underwent right decompression craniectomy. An empyema was found and was drained. Microscopic examination of brain, dura mater and bone tissue specimens revealed a necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. Tissue cultures were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient received a 4-regimen antitubercular treatment combined with dexamethasone due to central nervous system penetration of the disease with complete response in the follow-up.

For more details: https://ijcimr.org/editorial-board/ 

[bpod-bpod]

Trust Your Eyes

"Can’t see the wood for the trees". It isn’t just an old English proverb, it’s also a problem scientists grapple with when imaging whole organs during animal model experiments. They want to see the fine details (the trees) but also capture the entire organ (the wood). Researchers now present an affordable, rapid and high-resolution approach to image whole organs in 3D called TRUST (Translational Rapid Ultraviolet-excited Sectioning Tomography). Using an inexpensive ultraviolet LED light and a colour camera, TRUST imaging of sections through mouse tissue captured images of fluorescent dyes bound to specific molecules and autofluorescence generated by unstained tissue. The result? Detailed 3D images of whole mouse organs, such as the brain and heart, as well as tissue networks, such as blood vessels of the brain (pictured) and nerves. Entire mouse embryos were also imaged, revealing how TRUST can help investigate health and disease, as well as development.

Written by Lux Fatimathas

Video from work by Wentao Yu and colleagues

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Video originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in eLife, November 2022

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[jcrmhscasereports]

Esophageal stricture - A cascade of complications by Beatriz Chambino in Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences

MANUSCRIPT

A 90-year old male diagnosed with stage III non-Hodgkin's peripheral T-cell lymphoma under palliative treatment was admitted due to a feeling of food impaction and vomiting. He underwent upper digestive endoscopy which revealed an extensively necrotic esophageal mucosa with complete esophagus obstruction where two impacted pills were seen (figure 1) and fragmented. Non-contrast chest computed tomography showed multiple exuberant mediastinal adenopathies conditioning extrinsic compression and esophageal collapse (figure 2). Patient later underwent endoscopic reassessment which showed complete mucosa healing, therefore proceeding with esophageal stenosis endoluminal balloon dilation.

Mediastinal adenopathies due to peripheral T cell-lymphoma are rare1,2. This case represents an unusual example of extrinsic esophageal compression due to lymphoma1,2 leading to severe pill- induced esophagitis3.

For more information: https://jmedcasereportsimages.org/about-us/

For more submission : https://jmedcasereportsimages.org/

[materialsscienceandengineering]

New tomographic reconstruction algorithm sets world record

Advanced synchrotron tomography is a critical research tool, allowing scientists to explore the intricate structures of objects in extremely high resolution. Because this technique enables researchers to capture dynamics in real-time, it can capture ongoing changes in living organisms (cellular movements and fluid dynamics) for medical research, and in materials, such as observing dendrite formation in batteries to understand the causes of capacity reduction and eventual failure. The key to this detailed view is that tomography doesn't just rely on a single X-ray image; instead, multiple images are taken from different angles. These images are then fed into a computer, where mathematical algorithms combine them to produce a three-dimensional (3D) digital representation that reveals an incredibly detailed view of the object's internal structure. However, in many cases, the number of images that can be collected is very limited. For example, collecting sufficient images from a rapidly evolving sample can be challenging before it changes shape.

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[psoec]

About positron emission tomography and computed tomography https://psoec.com/about-positron-emission-tomography-and-computed-tomography/?feed_id=1275&_unique_id=61b08ed1de3c7

[aaronjhill]

An enormous mass of magma is active under southern Africa, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to Madagascar and the Indian Ocean to the east. Researchers detected it by analyzing seismic data and mapping it using tomography.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

New metrological technique uses stress for nanotomography

Researchers from Skoltech and their colleagues in Russia and Spain have reported a proof-of-concept demonstration of a new radiation-safe method for mapping the internal structure and stress distribution in samples of materials at the nanoscale, with a resolution about 100 times higher than that of the currently available techniques: X-ray and neutron tomography. The team believes that its 3D stress nanotomography could eventually become a standard metrological technique for nanotechnology. The study came out in the Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids.

The properties of materials change under stress, and this has been exploited by human technology from ancient smiths forging metalware to prestressed concrete enabling the existence of some of the tallest buildings and largest bridges of our time. Now, engineers working on ultrasmall devices could also benefit from stressed materials in ways many of which are hard to conceive ahead of time. But there's a caveat.

"To exploit stressed materials, you need a way to precisely tell how stress is distributed on the inside, and hence how the properties will vary across the sample," study co-author and Skoltech Professor Nikolai Brilliantov explained. "This involves the 3D mapping of internal inhomogeneities, such as dense spots and cavities, which is usually accomplished with tomography."

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[sagar-kinagi]

3D Computed Tomography Software Market Seeking Excellent Growth |Industry Share, Size 2020 Movements by Growth Status, Trend Analysis- CANON MEDICAL SYSTEMS CORPORATION, FUJIFILM Corporation, General Electric