#there ARE projects doing so for the collections in China and Japan!

[beyondthetemples-ooc]

If anyone's curious, I did some research to see if I can find what kind of teachings there might be translated into English, and though I couldn't find any specifically from the whole body in Korea, the Taisho library was copied from them, and there's a project translating them here!

In the remote Buddhist monastery of Haeinsa is preserved the Tripitaka Koreana, the most complete corpus of Buddhist doctrinal texts in the world, dating from 1251.

[yamayuandadu]

Shikigami and onmyōdō through history: truth, fiction and everything in between

Abe no Seimei exorcising disease spirits (疫病神, yakubyōgami), as depicted in the Fudō Riyaku Engi Emaki. Two creatures who might be shikigami are visible in the bottom right corner (wikimedia commons; identification following Bernard Faure’s Rage and Ravage, pp. 57-58)

In popular culture, shikigami are basically synonymous with onmyōdō. Was this always the case, though? And what is a shikigami, anyway? These questions are surprisingly difficult to answer. I’ve been meaning to attempt to do so for a longer while, but other projects kept getting in the way. Under the cut, you will finally be able to learn all about this matter. 

This isn’t just a shikigami article, though. Since historical context is a must, I also provide a brief history of onmyōdō and some of its luminaries. You will also learn if there were female onmyōji, when stars and time periods turn into deities, what onmyōdō has to do with a tale in which Zhong Kui became a king of a certain city in India - and more!

The early days of onmyōdō In order to at least attempt to explain what the term shikigami might have originally entailed, I first need to briefly summarize the history of onmyōdō (陰陽道). This term can be translated as “way of yin and yang”, and at the core it was a Japanese adaptation of the concepts of, well, yin and yang, as well as the five elements. They reached Japan through Daoist and Buddhist sources. Daoism itself never really became a distinct religion in Japan, but onmyōdō is arguably among the most widespread adaptations of its principles in Japanese context.

Kibi no Makibi, as depicted by Yoshitoshi Tsukioka (wikimedia commons)

It’s not possible to speak of a singular founder of onmyōdō comparable to the patriarchs of Buddhist schools. Bernard Faure notes that in legends the role is sometimes assigned to Kibi no Makibi, an eighth century official who spent around 20 years in China. While he did bring many astronomical treatises with him when he returned, this is ultimately just a legend which developed long after he passed away.

In reality onmyōdō developed gradually starting with the sixth century, when Chinese methods of divination and treatises dealing with these topics first reached Japan. Early on Buddhist monks from the Korean kingdom of Baekje were the main sources of this knowledge. We know for example that the Soga clan employed such a specialist, a certain Gwalleuk (観勒; alternatively known under the Japanese reading of his name, Kanroku).

Obviously, divination was viewed as a very serious affair, so the imperial court aimed to regulate the continental techniques in some way. This was accomplished by emperor Tenmu with the formation of the onmyōryō (陰陽寮), “bureau of yin and yang” as a part of the ritsuryō system of governance. Much like in China, the need to control divination was driven by the fears that otherwise it would be used to legitimize courtly intrigues against the emperor, rebellions and other disturbances.  Officials taught and employed by onmyōryō were referred to as onmyōji (陰陽師). This term can be literally translated as  “yin-yang master”. In the Nara period, they were understood essentially as a class of public servants. Their position didn’t substantially differ from that of other specialists from the onmyōryō: calendar makers, officials responsible for proper measurement of time and astrologers. The topics they dealt with evidently weren’t well known among commoners, and they were simply typical members of the literate administrative elite of their times.

Onmyōdō in the Heian period: magic, charisma and nobility

The role of onmyōji changed in the Heian period. They retained the position of official bureaucratic diviners in employ of the court, but they also acquired new duties. The distinction between them and other onmyōryō officials became blurred. Additionally their activity extended to what was collectively referred to as jujutsu (呪術), something like “magic” though this does not fully reflect the nuances of this term. They presided over rainmaking rituals, purification ceremonies, so-called “earth quelling”, and establishing complex networks of temporal and directional taboos.

A Muromachi period depiction of Abe no Seimei (wikimedia commons)

The most famous historical onmyōji like Kamo no Yasunori and his student Abe no Seimei were active at a time when this version of onmyōdō was a fully formed - though obviously still evolving - set of practices and beliefs. In a way they represented a new approach, though - one in which personal charisma seemed to matter just as much, if not more, than official position. This change was recognized as a breakthrough by at least some of their contemporaries. For example, according to the diary of Minamoto no Tsuneyori, the Sakeiki (左經記), “in Japan, the foundations of onmyōdō were laid by Yasunori”.

The changes in part reflected the fact that onmyōji started to be privately contracted for various reasons by aristocrats, in addition to serving the state. Shin’ichi Shigeta notes that it essentially turned them from civil servants into tradespeople. However, he stresses they cannot be considered clergymen: their position was more comparable to that of physicians, and there is no indication they viewed their activities as a distinct religion. Indeed, we know of multiple Heian onmyōji, like Koremune no Fumitaka or Kamo no Ieyoshi, who by their own admission were devout Buddhists who just happened to work as professional diviners.

Shin’ichi Shigeta notes is evidence that in addition to the official, state-sanctioned onmyōji, “unlicensed” onmyōji who acted and dressed like Buddhist clergy, hōshi onmyōji (法師陰陽師) existed. The best known example is Ashiya Dōman, a mainstay of Seimei legends, but others are mentioned in diaries, including the famous Pillow Book. It seems nobles particularly commonly employed them to curse rivals. This was a sphere official onmyōji abstained from due to legal regulations. Curses were effectively considered crimes, and government officials only performed apotropaic rituals meant to protect from them. The Heian period version of onmyōdō captivated the imagination of writers and artists, and its slightly exaggerated version present in classic literature like Konjaku Monogatari is essentially what modern portrayals in fiction tend to go back to.

Medieval onmyōdō: from abstract concepts to deities

Gozu Tennō (wikimedia commons)

Further important developments occurred between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries. This period was the beginning of the Japanese “middle ages” which lasted all the way up to the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate. The focus in onmyōdō in part shifted towards new, or at least reinvented, deities, such as calendarical spirits like Daishōgun (大将軍) and Ten’ichijin (天一神), personifications of astral bodies and concepts already crucial in earlier ceremonies. There was also an increased interest in Chinese cosmological figures like Pangu, reimagined in Japan as “king Banko”. However, the most famous example is arguably Gozu Tennō, who you might remember from my Susanoo article. 

The changes in medieval onmyōdō can be described as a process of convergence with esoteric Buddhism. The points of connection were rituals focused on astral and underworld deities, such as Taizan Fukun or Shimei (Chinese Siming). Parallels can be drawn between this phenomenon and the intersection between esoteric Buddhism and some Daoist schools in Tang China. Early signs of the development of a direct connection between onmyōdō and Buddhism can already be found in sources from the Heian period, for example Kamo no Yasunori remarked that he and other onmyōji depend on the same sources to gain proper understanding of ceremonies focused on the Big Dipper as Shingon monks do. 

Much of the information pertaining to the medieval form of onmyōdō is preserved in Hoki Naiden (ほき内伝; “Inner Tradition of the Square and the Round Offering Vessels”), a text which is part divination manual and part a collection of myths. According to tradition it was compiled by Abe no Seimei, though researchers generally date it to the fourteenth century. For what it’s worth, it does seem likely its author was a descendant of Seimei, though. Outside of specialized scholarship Hoki Naiden is fairly obscure today, but it’s worth noting that it was a major part of the popular perception of onmyōdō in the Edo period. A novel whose influence is still visible in the modern image of Seimei, Abe no Seimei Monogatari (安部晴明物語), essentially revolves around it, for instance.

Onmyōdō in the Edo period: occupational licensing

Novels aside, the first post-medieval major turning point for the history of onmyōdō was the recognition of the Tsuchimikado family as its official overseers in 1683. They were by no means new to the scene - onmyōji from this family already served the Ashikaga shoguns over 250 years earlier. On top of that, they were descendants of the earlier Abe family, the onmyōji par excellence. The change was not quite the Tsuchimikado’s rise, but rather the fact the government entrusted them with essentially regulating occupational licensing for all onmyōji, even those who in earlier periods existed outside of official administration.

As a result of the new policies, various freelance practitioners could, at least in theory, obtain a permit to perform the duties of an onmyōji. However, as the influence of the Tsuchimikado expanded, they also sought to oblige various specialists who would not be considered onmyōji otherwise to purchase licenses from them. Their aim was to essentially bring all forms of divination under their control. This extended to clergy like Buddhist monks, shugenja and shrine priests on one hand, and to various performers like members of kagura troupes on the other. 

Makoto Hayashi points out that while throughout history onmyōji has conventionally been considered a male occupation, it was possible for women to obtain licenses from the Tsuchimikado. Furthermore, there was no distinct term for female onmyōji, in contrast with how female counterparts of Buddhist monks, shrine priests and shugenja were referred to with different terms and had distinct roles defined by their gender. As far as I know there’s no earlier evidence for female onmyōji, though, so it’s safe to say their emergence had a lot to do with the specifics of the new system. It seems the poems of the daughter of Kamo no Yasunori (her own name is unknown) indicate she was familiar with yin-yang theory or at least more broadly with Chinese philosophy, but that’s a topic for a separate article (stay tuned), and it's not quite the same, obviously.

The Tsuchimikado didn’t aim to create a specific ideology or systems of beliefs. Therefore, individual onmyōji - or, to be more accurate, individual people with onmyōji licenses - in theory could pursue new ideas. This in some cases lead to controversies: for instance, some of the people involved in the (in)famous 1827 Osaka trial of alleged Christians (whether this label really is applicable is a matter of heated debate) were officially licensed onmyōji. Some of them did indeed possess translated books written by Portuguese missionaries, which obviously reflected Catholic outlook. However, Bernard Faure suggests that some of the Edo period onmyōji might have pursued Portuguese sources not strictly because of an interest in Catholicism but simply to obtain another source of astronomical knowledge. 

The legacy of onmyōdō 

In the Meiji period, onmyōdō was banned alongside shugendō. While the latter tradition experienced a revival in the second half of the twentieth century, the former for the most part didn’t. However, that doesn’t mean the history of onmyōdō ends once and for all in the second half of the nineteenth century. 

Even today in some parts of Japan there are local religious traditions which, while not identical with historical onmyōdō, retain a considerable degree of influence from it. An example often cited in scholarship is Izanagi-ryū (いざなぎ流) from the rural Monobe area in the Kōchi Prefecture. Mitsuki Ueno stresses that the occasional references to Izanagi-ryū as “modern onmyōdō” in literature from the 1990s and early 2000s are inaccurate, though. He points out they downplay the unique character of this tradition, and that it shows a variety of influences. Similar arguments have also been made regarding local traditions from the Chūgoku region.

Until relatively recently, in scholarship onmyōdō was basically ignored as superstition unworthy of serious inquiries. This changed in the final decades of the twentieth century, with growing focus on the Japanese middle ages among researchers. The first monographs on onmyōdō were published in the 1980s. While it’s not equally popular as a subject of research as esoteric Buddhism and shugendō, formerly neglected for similar reasons, it has nonetheless managed to become a mainstay of inquiries pertaining to the history of religion in Japan.

Yoshitaka Amano's illustration of Baku Yumemakura's fictionalized portrayal of Abe no Seimei (right) and other characters from his novels (reproduced here for educational purposes only)

Of course, it’s also impossible to talk about onmyōdō without mentioning the modern “onmyōdō boom”. Starting with the 1980s, onmyōdō once again became a relatively popular topic among writers. Novel series such as Baku Yumemakura’s Onmyōji, Hiroshi Aramata’s Teito Monogatari or Natsuhiko Kyōgoku’s Kyōgōkudō and their adaptations in other media once again popularized it among general audiences. Of course, since these are fantasy or mystery novels, their historical accuracy tends to vary (Yumemakura in particular is reasonably faithful to historical literature, though). Still, they have a lasting impact which would be impossible to accomplish with scholarship alone.

Shikigami: historical truth, historical fiction, or both?

You might have noticed that despite promising a history of shikigami, I haven’t used this term even once through the entire crash course in history of onmyōdō. This was a conscious choice. Shikigami do not appear in any onmyōdō texts, even though they are a mainstay of texts about onmyōdō, and especially of modern literature involving onmyōji.

It would be unfair to say shikigami and their prominence are merely a modern misconception, though. Virtually all of the famous legends about onmyōji feature shikigami, starting with the earliest examples from the eleventh century. Based on Konjaku Monogatari, there evidently was a fascination with shikigami at the time of its compilation. Fujiwara no Akihira in the Shinsarugakuki treats the control of shikigami as an essential skill of an onmyōji, alongside the abilities to “freely summon the twelve guardian deities, call thirty-six types of wild birds (...), create spells and talismans, open and close the eyes of kijin (鬼神; “demon gods”), and manipulate human souls”. 

It is generally agreed that such accounts, even though they belong to the realm of literary fiction, can shed light on the nature and importance of shikigami. They ultimately reflect their historical context to some degree. Furthermore, it is not impossible that popular understanding of shikigami based on literary texts influenced genuine onmyōdō tradition. It’s worth pointing out that today legends about Abe no Seimei involving them are disseminated by two contemporary shrines dedicated to him, the Seimei Shrine (晴明神社) in Kyoto and the Abe no Seimei Shrine (安倍晴明神社) in Osaka. Interconnected networks of exchange between literature and religious practice are hardly a unique or modern phenomenon. 

However, even with possible evidence from historical literature taken into account, it is not easy to define shikigami. The word itself can be written in three different ways: 式神 (or just 式), 識神 and 職神, with the first being the default option. The descriptions are even more varied, which understandably lead to the rise of numerous interpretations in modern scholarship. Carolyn Pang in her recent treatments of shikigami, which you can find in the bibliography, has recently divided them into five categories. I will follow her classification below.

Shikigami take 1: rikujin-shikisen

An example of shikiban, the divination board used in rikujin-shikisen (Museum of Kyoto, via onmarkproductions.com; reproduced here for educational purposes only)

A common view is that shikigami originate as a symbolic representation of the power of shikisen (式占) or more specifically rikujin-shikisen (六壬式占), the most common form of divination in onmyōdō. It developed from Chinese divination methods in the Nara period, and remained in the vogue all the way up to the sixteenth century, when it was replaced by ekisen (易占), a method derived from the Chinese Book of Changes.

Shikisen required a special divination board known as shikiban (式盤), which consists of a square base, the “earth panel” (地盤, jiban), and a rotating circle placed on top of it, the “heaven panel” (天盤, tenban). The former was marked with twelve points representing the signs of the zodiac and the latter with representations of the “twelve guardians of the months” (十二月将, jūni-gatsushō; their identity is not well defined). The heaven panel had to be rotated, and the diviner had to interpret what the resulting combination of symbols represents. Most commonly, it was treated as an indication whether an unusual phenomenon (怪/恠, ke) had positive or negative implications. It’s worth pointing out that in the middle ages the shikiban also came to be used in some esoteric Buddhist rituals, chiefly these focused on Dakiniten, Shōten and Nyoirin Kannon. However, they were only performed between the late Heian and Muromachi periods, and relatively little is known about them. In most cases the divination board was most likely modified to reference the appropriate esoteric deities.

Shikigami take 2: cognitive abilities

While the view that shikigami represented shikisen is strengthened by the fact both terms share the kanji 式, a variant writing, 識神, lead to the development of another proposal. Since the basic meaning of 識 is “consciousness”, it is sometimes argued that shikigami were originally an “anthropomorphic realization of the active psychological or mental state”, as Caroline Pang put it - essentially, a representation of the will of an onmyōji. Most of the potential evidence in this case comes from Buddhist texts, such as Bosatsushotaikyō (菩薩処胎経). 

However, Bernard Faure assumes that the writing 識神 was a secondary reinterpretation, basically a wordplay based on homonymy. He points out the Buddhist sources treat this writing of shikigami as a synonym of kushōjin (倶生神). This term can be literally translated as “deities born at the same time”. Most commonly it designates a pair of minor deities who, as their name indicates, come into existence when a person is born, and then records their deeds through their entire life. Once the time for Enma’s judgment after death comes, they present him with their compiled records. It has been argued that they essentially function like a personification of conscience. 

Shikigami take 3: energy

A further speculative interpretation of shikigami in scholarship is that this term was understood as a type of energy present in objects or living beings which onmyōji were believed to be capable of drawing out and harnessing to their ends. This could be an adaptation of the Daoist notion of qi (氣). If this definition is correct, pieces of paper or wooden instruments used in purification ceremonies might be examples of objects utilized to channel shikigami. 

The interpretation of shikigami as a form of energy is possibly reflected in Konjaku Monogatari in the tale The Tutelage of Abe no Seimei under Tadayuki. It revolves around Abe no Seimei’s visit to the house of the Buddhist monk Kuwanten from Hirosawa. Another of his guests asks Seimei if he is capable of killing a person with his powers, and if he possesses shikigami. He affirms that this is possible, but makes it clear that it is not an easy task. Since the guests keep urging him to demonstrate nonetheless, he promptly demonstrates it using a blade of grass. Once it falls on a frog, the animal is instantly crushed to death. From the same tale we learn that Seimei’s control over shikigami also let him remotely close the doors and shutters in his house while nobody was inside.

Shikigami take 4: curse As I already mentioned, arts which can be broadly described as magic - like the already mentioned jujutsu or juhō (呪法, “magic rituals”) - were regarded as a core part of onmyōji’s repertoire from the Heian period onward. On top of that, the unlicensed onmyōji were almost exclusively associated with curses. Therefore, it probably won’t surprise you to learn that yet another theory suggests shikigami is simply a term for spells, curses or both. A possible example can be found in Konjaku Monogatari, in the tale Seimei sealing the young Archivist Minor Captains curse - the eponymous curse, which Seimei overcomes with protective rituals, is described as a shikigami.

Kunisuda Utagawa's illustration of an actor portraying Dōman in a kabuki play (wikimedia commons)

Similarities between certain descriptions of shikigami and practices such as  fuko (巫蠱) and goraihō (五雷法) have been pointed out. Both of these originate in China. Fuko is the use of poisonous, venomous or otherwise negatively perceived animals to create curses, typically by putting them in jars, while goraihō is the Japanese version of Daoist spells meant to control supernatural beings, typically ghosts or foxes. It’s worth noting that a legend according to which Dōman cursed Fujiwara no Michinaga on behalf of lord Horikawa (Fujiwara no Akimitsu) involves him placing the curse - which is itself not described in detail -  inside a jar.

Mitsuki Ueno notes that in the Kōchi Prefecture the phrase shiki wo utsu, “to strike with a shiki”, is still used to refer to cursing someone. However, shiki does not necessarily refer to shikigami in this context, but rather to a related but distinct concept - more on that later.

Shikigami take 5: supernatural being

While all four definitions I went through have their proponents, yet another option is by far the most common - the notion of shikigami being supernatural beings controlled by an onmyōji. This is essentially the standard understanding of the term today among general audiences. Sometimes attempts are made to identify it with a specific category of supernatural beings, like spirits (精霊, seirei), kijin or lesser deities (下級神, kakyū shin). However, none of these gained universal support. Generally speaking, there is no strong indication that shikigami were necessarily imagined as individualized beings with distinct traits.

The notion of shikigami being supernatural beings is not just a modern interpretation, though, for the sake of clarity. An early example where the term is unambiguously used this way is a tale from Ōkagami in which Seimei sends a nondescript shikigami to gather information. The entity, who is not described in detail, possesses supernatural skills, but simultaneously still needs to open doors and physically travel. 

An illustration from Nakifudō Engi Emaki (wikimedia commons)

In Genpei Jōsuiki there is a reference to Seimei’s shikigami having a terrifying appearance which unnerved his wife so much he had to order the entities to hide under a bride instead of residing in his house. Carolyn Pang suggests that this reflects the demon-like depictions from works such as Abe no Seimei-kō Gazō (安倍晴明公画像; you can see it in the Heian section), Fudōriyaku Engi Emaki and Nakifudō Engi Emaki.

Shikigami and related concepts

A gohō dōji, as depicted in the Shigisan Engi Emaki (wikimedia commons)

The understanding of shikigami as a “spirit servant” of sorts can be compared with the Buddhist concept of minor protective deities, gohō dōji (護法童子;  literally “dharma-protecting lads”). These in turn were just one example of the broad category of gohō (護法), which could be applied to virtually any deity with protective qualities, like the historical Buddha’s defender Vajrapāṇi or the Four Heavenly Kings. A notable difference between shikigami and gohō is the fact that the former generally required active summoning - through chanting spells and using mudras - while the latter manifested on their own in order to protect the pious. Granted, there are exceptions. There is a well attested legend according to which Abe no Seimei’s shikigami continued to protect his residence on own accord even after he passed away. Shikigami acting on their own are also mentioned in Zoku Kojidan (続古事談). It attributes the political downfall of Minamoto no Takaakira (源高明; 914–98) to his encounter with two shikigami who were left behind after the onmyōji who originally summoned them forgot about them.

A degree of overlap between various classes of supernatural helpers is evident in texts which refer to specific Buddhist figures as shikigami. I already brought up the case of the kushōjin earlier. Another good example is the Tendai monk Kōshū’s (光宗; 1276–1350) description of Oto Gohō (乙護法). He is “a shikigami that follows us like the shadow follows the body. Day or night, he never withdraws; he is the shikigami that protects us” (translation by Bernard Faure). This description is essentially a reversal of the relatively common title “demon who constantly follow beings” (常随魔, jōzuima). It was applied to figures such as Kōjin, Shōten or Matarajin, who were constantly waiting for a chance to obstruct rebirth in a pure land if not placated properly.

The Twelve Heavenly Generals (Tokyo National Museum, via wikimedia commons)

A well attested group of gohō, the Twelve Heavenly Generals (十二神将, jūni shinshō), and especially their leader Konpira (who you might remember from my previous article), could be labeled as shikigami. However, Fujiwara no Akihira’s description of onmyōji skills evidently presents them as two distinct classes of beings.

A kuda-gitsune, as depicted in Shōzan Chomon Kishū by Miyoshi Shōzan (Waseda University History Museum; reproduced here for educational purposes only)

Granted, Akihira also makes it clear that controlling shikigami and animals are two separate skills. Meanwhile, there is evidence that in some cases animal familiars, especially kuda-gitsune used by iizuna (a term referring to shugenja associated with the cult of, nomen omen, Iizuna Gongen, though more broadly also something along the lines of “sorcerer”), were perceived as shikigami.

Beliefs pertaining to gohō dōji and shikigami seemingly merged in Izanagi-ryū, which lead to the rise of the notion of shikiōji (式王子; ōji, literally “prince”, can be another term for gohō dōji). This term refers to supernatural beings summoned by a ritual specialist (祈祷師, kitōshi) using a special formula from doctrinal texts (法文, hōmon). They can fulfill various functions, though most commonly they are invoked to protect a person, to remove supernatural sources of diseases, to counter the influence of another shikiōji or in relation to curses.

Tenkeisei, the god of shikigami

Tenkeisei (wikimedia commons)

The final matter which warrants some discussion is the unusual tradition regarding the origin of shikigami which revolves around a deity associated with this concept. 

In the middle ages, a belief that there were exactly eighty four thousand shikigami developed. Their source was the god Tenkeisei (天刑星; also known as Tengyōshō). His name is the Japanese reading of Chinese Tianxingxing. It can be translated as “star of heavenly punishment”. This name fairly accurately explains his character. He was regarded as one of the so-called “baleful stars” (凶星, xiong xing) capable of controlling destiny. The “punishment” his name refers to is his treatment of disease demons (疫鬼, ekiki). However, he could punish humans too if not worshiped properly.

Today Tenkeisei is best known as one of the deities depicted in a series of paintings known as Extermination of Evil, dated to the end of the twelfth century. He has the appearance of a fairly standard multi-armed Buddhist deity. The anonymous painter added a darkly humorous touch by depicting him right as he dips one of the defeated demons in vinegar before eating him. Curiously, his adversaries are said to be Gozu Tennō and his retinue in the accompanying text. This, as you will quickly learn, is a rather unusual portrayal of the relationship between these two deities.

I’m actually not aware of any other depictions of Tenkeisei than the painting you can see above. Katja Triplett notes that onmyōdō rituals associated with him were likely surrounded by an aura of secrecy, and as a result most depictions of him were likely lost or destroyed. At the same time, it seems Tenkeisei enjoyed considerable popularity through the Kamakura period. This is not actually paradoxical when you take the historical context into account: as I outlined in my recent Amaterasu article, certain categories of knowledge were labeled as secret not to make their dissemination forbidden, but to imbue them with more meaning and value.

Numerous talismans inscribed with Tenkeisei’s name are known. Furthermore, manuals of rituals focused on him have been discovered. The best known of them, Tenkeisei-hō (天刑星法; “Tenkeisei rituals”), focuses on an abisha (阿尾捨, from Sanskrit āveśa), a ritual involving possession by the invoked deity. According to a legend was transmitted by Kibi no Makibi and Kamo no Yasunori. The historicity of this claim is doubtful, though: the legend has Kamo no Yasunori visit China, which he never did. Most likely mentioning him and Makibi was just a way to provide the text with additional legitimacy.

Other examples of similar Tenkeisei manuals include Tenkeisei Gyōhō (天刑星行法; “Methods of Tenkeisei Practice”) and Tenkeisei Gyōhō Shidai (天刑星行法次第; “Methods of Procedure for the Tenkeisei Practice”). Copies of these texts have been preserved in the Shingon temple Kōzan-ji.

The Hoki Naiden also mentions Tenkeisei. It equates him with Gozu Tennō, and explains both of these names refer to the same deity, Shōki (商貴), respectively in heaven and on earth. While Shōki is an adaptation of the famous Zhong Kui, it needs to be pointed out that here he is described not as a Tang period physician but as an ancient king of Rajgir in India. Furthermore, he is a yaksha, not a human. This fairly unique reinterpretation is also known from the historical treatise Genkō Shakusho. Post scriptum The goal of this article was never to define shikigami. In the light of modern scholarship, it’s basically impossible to provide a single definition in the first place. My aim was different: to illustrate that context is vital when it comes to understanding obscure historical terms. Through history, shikigami evidently meant slightly different things to different people, as reflected in literature. However, this meaning was nonetheless consistently rooted in the evolving perception of onmyōdō - and its internal changes. In other words, it reflected a world which was fundamentally alive. The popular image of Japanese culture and religion is often that of an artificial, unchanging landscape straight from the “age of the gods”, largely invented in the nineteenth century or later to further less than noble goals. The case of shikigami proves it doesn’t need to be, though. The malleable, ever-changing image of shikigami, which remained a subject of popular speculation for centuries before reemerging in a similar role in modern times, proves that the more complex reality isn’t necessarily any less interesting to new audiences.

Bibliography

Bernard Faure, A Religion in Search of a Founder?

Idem, Rage and Ravage (Gods of Medieval Japan vol. 3)

Makoto Hayashi, The Female Christian Yin-Yang Master

Jun’ichi Koike, Onmyōdō and Folkloric Culture: Three Perspectives for the Development of Research

Irene H. Lin, Child Guardian Spirits (Gohō Dōji) in the Medieval Japanese Imaginaire

Yoshifumi Nishioka, Aspects of Shikiban-Based Mikkyō Rituals

Herman Ooms, Yin-Yang's Changing Clientele, 600-800 (note there is n apparent mistake in one of the footnotes, I'm pretty sure the author wanted to write Mesopotamian astronomy originated 4000 years ago, not 4 millenia BCE as he did; the latter date makes little sense)

Carolyn Pang, Spirit Servant: Narratives of Shikigami and Onmyōdō Developments

Idem, Uncovering Shikigami. The Search for the Spirit Servant of Onmyōdō

Shin’ichi Shigeta, Onmyōdō and the Aristocratic Culture of Everyday Life in Heian Japan

Idem, A Portrait of Abe no Seimei

Katja Triplett, Putting a Face on the Pathogen and Its Nemesis. Images of Tenkeisei and Gozutennō, Epidemic-Related Demons and Gods in Medieval Japan

Mitsuki Umeno, The Origins of the Izanagi-ryū Ritual Techniques: On the Basis of the Izanagi saimon

Katsuaki Yamashita, The Characteristics of On'yōdō and Related Texts

[hetalia-club]

My Hetalia Character Driving Head cannons.

(Whether I think they are good drivers or not)

America- Is an okay driver. Has a lot of road rage. Is the guy in the lifted pick up truck tailgating you as you are already going 20 over the speed limit. Then he will flip you off after passing you as if YOU did something wrong. It's his road we all are just driving on it.

England- He secretly cannot drive. Never got his license. He has people drive him around. He doesn't like people to know he can't drive and he does own a car that he uses as decoration for his driveway.

Canada- Much like America he is an okay driver. He gets angry once he turns his car on and his true personality comes out. He will honk at you and rev his engine behind you. Never uses his turn signal has ben quoted saying "They don't need to know where I'm going, it's none of their business".

France- Is a horrible driver. But he refuses to think that he is and he will tell you he is the best driver while he tries to eat a full course meal and steer his car.

Russia- Terrible driver. Will not take constructive criticism on it. Has totaled more cars than he can even remember. He blames it on the ice on the road but he will blame the ice even in the middle of summer.

China- Chooses not to drive mostly out of principal. He does not like to follow trends (he said driving was a trend back in the 1800s and now he cant go back on it for his pride).

North Italy- He is not a 'good' driver. He does not pay attention and will do anything but look at the actual road. But despite that he has never wrecked a single car. He gets pulled over all the time though. Collects service lights on his car like they are achievements in a video game. He hears his car making a noise and he just says "That's a new fun sounds :)" and will ignore it for six months until it just won't start anymore. (I may or may not be projecting here)

South Italy- Okay he's a good driver but depends on the setting. Put him on an F1 track and he will take first place every time. He doesn't necessarily follow the rules of the road but only when he is confidant no cops are around so he gets pulled over less than his brother.

Germany- a great driver. He follows all the rules to an annoying degree hands at 10 & 2, adjusts his mirrors every time he gets in his car, always uses turn signals. You will never see the gas or service light on in his car. Oil changes are onetime to the day or early.

Prussia- Does not have his license and he does not want it. He makes Germany be his personal chauffeur.

Japan- A great driver. Put him in a muscle car and he will Tokyo drift all over the place. Other than that he is a lot like Germany in that he always follows the rules.

[parochena]

'Clash Of The Capybaras: All Stars' Collectible Card Game

For those of you who follow my socials, you may have already seen that this project went live on the last day of February, and I can happily say that it was fully funded in 5 1/2 hours!! A record for the Capybaras! It is now in the process of growing further so all backers are able to get the stretch goals, so if you want to definitely be able to get the card deck (because kickstarter is always an all or nothing type of funding), then now is a great time to lock in that backing for yourself too! You can find the Kickstarter here! This is the second time I’ve been part of the Clash of the Capybaras project! The first was with an exclusive run of holographic cards, which are now unfortunately (if you’d like one) sold out! But, for this time, I’ve painted a special tribute to Rees’ beautiful wife who was also a very big part of this project. Yen was a very special person to all those who knew her, but is now sprinkling her stardust and watching over those she loved.

It was extra important to me to make sure to add personal elements into her tribute card, such as the uniquely shaped marital bench and ‘El Gato’ who is a very loved socially adopted kitty who has made the home her own too. The blossom tree is one that is to be planted just in view of the special bench; in her memory. And of course, the capybara self image of her as it was an animal that was very close to the couples heart.

As the coming of spring promises new life, so do the blooming of cherry blossoms bring a sense of vitality and vibrancy. At the same time, their short lifespan is a reminder that life is fleeting, so please, always remember to love your most treasured people in life, just as Rees did (and still does) his ‘wifeybara’.

Japanese people believed cherry blossoms were dwelling places for mountain deities who transformed into the gods of rice paddies. Hence, people would travel to the mountains to worship the trees every spring; farmers would pray, make offerings, and prepare a feast under the cherry blossom trees, believing it would bring an abundant harvest. A fitting tree, as Yen absolutely loved savouring the many flavours of food; and sharing them with her most loved. Apparently, according to my reading, Cherry blossom originated in the Himalayas in China's territory and found their way to Japan in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). ”In memory of those who left us too soon… We remember you in the morning, in the night, when we look at the stars, a song, a place, a smell. You are always with us.”

Here’s a link to all the contributors instagram profiles: @clashofthecapybaras @JoeyMochii @Capytonton @Capybarasatwork @reesytime @parochena @guilhernunes @saracura__ @robdemersart @dafydrobertsillustration @honeysharpart @winstongambro @catersillustration @craighallumsart @_cuddleswithcare_ @pdavis1125 If you’d like to see a little process step with tiny videos I collected and compiled, please watch the video below. I’ll also add the video of the previous card below too for anyone who is curious!

Thank you for reading. Please remember to check out the most recent Kickstarter if you have the chance. Take care, Xox Paulie xoX

[braveclementine]

Chapter 3

Warnings: None.

Copyright: I do not own any Marvel characters or locations. However, I do own my OCs: Elizabeth Silvertongue and Clementine Greenleaf. I also own Clementines' brother Donavan. The following OCs are owned by other Wattpad writers as this is a collaboration project. Their OCs are on the face claim page. I do not condone any copying of this.

I only had one class today, which I was thankful for. The study of East Asian history with Professor Rogers, who I was hoping was the handsome blond man that Clementine had said taught her American History. 

Clementine had already headed out for one of her nursing classes and so I had the dorm to myself. I didn't stay in it long, however, deciding to go to the library and study there. It was definitely a placebo affect to feel like I was getting more done in the library than if I stayed in the dorm. 

When my timer went off as a ten minute warning for class, I scooped everything up and headed off for the classroom. 

I hurried through the hallway, turning the corner, slamming into someone. I lost my balance, falling backwards, before something hard wrapped around my waist. I felt a spinning sensation before my back hit something. 

I let out a small gasp, finding that I was pressed up against the wall, Professor Barnes in front of me. His arm around my waist where he had caught me, feet planted rather defensively. I couldn't remember how to breathe or speak, only staring at him until I realized my mouth was open. 

"Than-" 

"Watch where you're going." He interrupted me, shoving away from the wall, stalking down the hallway. 

I watched him go, feeling completely humiliated, before turning and continuing down to where my history class was. 

Professor Rogers was indeed the Professor my class, but after seeing Professor Barnes, my excitement was not high enough. 

"Miss Silvertongue." Professor Rogers greeted me immediately. He looked amazing in his light blue shirt he was wearing, sleeves rolled up to his elbows. I could see behind him a group of girls muttering behind their hands as they watched him. "Good afternoon. Your seat is right here." 

He pointed to a seat at the front of the classroom, right in front of his desk. I was going to have a hard time concentrating this year. 

I quickly sat down where he had assigned my seat, while he quickly arranged the other students as they came in. As the bell rang, the last of the students filing in quickly, he closed the door behind him and smiled at the class. 

"Good Afternoon class. Firstly, I would like to make sure that you all know this is Survey of East Asian History class. So far, everyone seems to be in the right spot, but if anyone believes they are in the wrong class, let me know now." 

No one said a thing, though some girls behind me giggled. 

Professor Rogers grinned, "Alright then. Let's get started." He picked up a stack of papers from his desk and started to hand them out. "As you can see, this is the Syllabus of which I'll be teaching from this semester. You will have a small ten question quiz every week at the beginning of class, which will be timed for twenty minutes. And you will have on exam halfway through the year and an end of the year project." 

There were some groans in the class, but I felt rather light hearted at that. One exam was fine by me. Hopefully the project wouldn't be to hard. 

I surveyed the syllabus as mine was given to me. It seemed he had organized everything based on the country. Starting with Vietnam, then China, Japan, Korea, and so on. That might actually be quite nice. 

"So," Professor Rogers said with a grin, "What is East Asia? Anyone want to take a guess?" 

I hesitantly raised a hand and he nodded to me. "Well, I suppose a collection of different countries that are located on the East side of the continent of Asia?" 

His eyes seemed to twinkle at my answer and he let out a chuckle, "Well, in all technicalities, yes. The countries of East Asia include China, Japan, South and North Korea, Mongolia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macao, Vietnam, Singapore, The Philippines, Laos, Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar also called Burma, Brunei, Timor-Leste, and Malaysia." He wrote each country out in clear cursive. 

I immediately copied down the list on one side of my composition notebook, labelling at the top 'East Asia'. 

"And, just so we can get a clear picture, the countries of West Asia are Iran, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Jordan, Lebanon, Kuwait, Iraq, Georgia- no not the state-" That got some laughter from the class "-Yemen, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Israel, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. You may notice that most of these countries are what we would also call the 'Middle East'. However, do not consider West Asian and the Middle East to be synonymous for each other, because they are not. They just share many countries. I would also like everyone to note that Palestine is not exactly a country of their own. It is a collection of people who live on the Gaza strip, given to them by Israel. Any questions so far?" 

On the other side of the class, an Asian girl shot her hand up. 

"Yes, Miss Sun?" Professor Rogers asked politely. 

"Professor, when you were listing the countries of East Asia, you separated both Hong Kong and the Republic of China from Mainland China. Why?" She asked. 

"I listed Hong Kong separately because of its' history as a British Colony." Professor Rogers replied, tapping the country name with his Expo marker. "It has been both a part of China, and also part of Britain and therefore, separated as it will be talked about separately from China. Taiwan on the other hand, is a separate country from China, though some people will say that it is still part of China, depending on who you talk to. We could also make an argument for Tibet being separate from China as well." 

When the girl did not look convinced, Professor Rogers added, "Would you consider Ukraine to be a part of Russia?" 

"Well, no, Ukraine broke away from Russia." The girl said. 

"I would say you can compare Taiwan to China the way you compare Ukraine to Russia." Professor Rogers said. I could tell that his tone was friendly, but there seemed to be a fierce protective note in his voice. It seemed he cared about the freedom of Taiwan very much. I could respect that. 

"Now, who can tell me, what is history really about?" Professor Rogers asked, looking around. "What makes history? Yes, Mr. Black?" 

"Battles, events, things that occur and we memorize the dates of them long enough for our exams and then forget again almost immediately after?" The boy answered with a cocky grin. Some of the girls in front of him giggled but I rolled my eyes, looking back down at my loose-leaf paper. 

"Partially." Professor Rogers said, not as amused though he wore a complacent smile. 

I raised my hand and was called on. "People, Professor? After all, the battles and events can't happen without people involved." 

"And that's the answer." Professor Rogers sounded pleased and I couldn't help but let the butterflies that had been caged up in my heart since my run in with Professor Barnes out. They fluttered in my stomach, making me shift in my seat as his blue eyes pierced my brown ones. I found that I wanted his praise more than anything in the world at that moment. "Perfect." 

I nearly fainted. 

From there, he had us get our textbooks out, following along. He did not read word for word the introduction - I was glad for this since I can't stand being read to- exploring the details more in depth. 

At the end of the lesson, he had another piece of paper for us, which was actually three pages, stapled together. 

"This is a glossary of words that will last the semester. They may or may not show up on tests so it's best to know what they are and their definitions or meanings." Professor Rogers said, handing the sheet out. 

My favorite part was that it was set up alphabetically. My OCD agreed with it a lot. 

"Class dismissed. I will see you all Thursday." Professor Rogers said, and the students started to stream out.

I quickly slipped the glossary terms into my East Asian History binder, placing the binger and textbook into my backpack, before noticing that Professor Rogers had stopped in front of my table. 

"Yes, Professor?" I asked, fighting back the instinct to swallow hard, nervous as I realized how close he was to me. I could smell his cologne, which wasn't overpowering, but comforting. I wished I knew how to describe it. 'Woodsy and homelike' seemed to cliche. 

"Well, I'd hate to be intrusive, but I was wondering if you were busy Saturday and Sunday mornings. Specifically between eight and eleven in the morning?" 

"Uh- n-no." I stuttered out my answer, head spinning with sudden questions. Most specifically, for what? 

He answered that quickly enough, "Every year I choose a student that I believe is competent to work for me. You'll be paid, of course, $15 an hour. It would be miscellaneous work. Helping me grade homework- not for this class but American or European history- etcetera." 

"Yes, I would love that." I answered easily, though a little astounded. 

There was a noise in the doorway and I jumped a little at the suddenness of it. It was Professor Barnes, leaning on the doorway, his dark eyes brooding. I immediately looked away, grabbing my backpack and trying to focus solely on Professor Rogers, "When would you like me to start?" 

"Next week. Here," He walked over to the desk, grabbing a small slip of paper that looked a bit like a business card, but not quite. "This is my work phone number and address. Saturdays will be spent here since I also have office hours that day. But Sundays will be spent at this address. I may change things up which is why you have my phone number so that after you contact me, I will be able to let you know if things change. Agreed?" 

"Sounds perfectly in order." I said easily, reaching out and taking the card from him. I slipped it into the safety of my purse, before sliding it into my backpack. "Thank you for the opportunity Professor." 

"Of course." Professor Rogers smiled and looked over at Professor Barnes, "What's up Buck?" 

Professor Barnes rolled his eyes, something that I noticed made Professor Rogers smirk. I quickly stepped to the side as Professor Barnes decided to move at the same time I went through the door, moving past me without another word. Professor Rogers gave him a look that seemed to be slightly exasperated before he said, "Have a nice day Miss Silvertongue." 

"You too Professo- Professors." I quickly said over my shoulder, before leaving the room. I sped down the hallway, excited to get back to the dorm. . . and away from Professor Barnes. 

ꨄ︎

"Hey." Clementine greeted me the moment I stepped inside the dorm room. "The grocery store down the street that you applied to called the dorm phone today and left a message. You got hired. Tuesdays and Thursdays from- well you know what, here." She tapped a piece of paper that was sitting on the table. 

She had written out the entire phone message in neat cursive and I smiled fondly at her. "You're the best Clem." 

"I know, now make sure to bring me home free food from work." She said with a smirk, before turning back to the American history textbook she was pouring over, making side notes in the margins, comparing them to an assignment sheet. 

"Essay already for history?" I asked, surprised. 

"It's easy." Clementine shrugged. "It's more an opinion essay than anything else. We can take one event from American history and compare it to something else in the rest of the worlds' history that shows that history can repeat itself. Then what we think should be done to keep it from happening again." 

I couldn't think of a comparison off the top of my head, but then again my mind wasn't on American history to begin with. I was thinking of the way Professor Rogers fingers had brushed the tips of mine as he gave me the card. And also, surprisingly, of Professor Barnes brooding stare. 

I was sure the darker Professor hated me, but there was something about his dark persona that was drawing me in. I wonder if he did it on purpose, to prove that Psychology really did work. His dark mysterious personality drew curious people in. 

I rolled my eyes, trying to push both Professors out of my head. They were like thirty something and I was twenty-two. 

"Well, I'm going to have two jobs." I said, unable to keep the happiness out of my voice. Clementine looked up with interest. "Professor Rogers hired me as a. . . assistant of sorts? A teacher aide? I'm not sure. Basically to help grade other peoples' stuff in other classes. So maybe I'll get to grade your homework." 

"Well, don't go easy on me." Clementine said, getting up from the table, going over and grabbing an orange. I watched her peel it and then started to make homemade orange juice. "By the way, I was thinking this weekend we could go to a few of the orchards, pick our own fruit? It'll be a bit of a drive, but this'll be the one weekend we won't be slammed with homework and you and I both know apples will keep for a while if we put them in the fridge." 

I smiled, nodding, "Great idea." Then I left her with her history homework and I went off to call the grocery store, telling them that I would be there first shift on Thursday. 

[multiversetravelingjournalist]

And now I am creating a language for a species of all female fox humans with an authoritarian culture reflected in how there is a nine tier rank agreement structure based on the number of tails an individual has. Despite the obvious, these are NOT kitsunes. Not to mention the fact that most of them live on an isolated Island near Not Japan.

This has also opened a new Pandora's box for me as now I am considering worldbuildina an earth where China is a collection of New Zealand-sized islands and one of said islands is inhabited by monkey people with a language that has /u/s, /o/s, /a/s and /æ/s but no /i/s and /e/s. I am toying around with the idea of flipping Africa on its longitudinal axis, rotate it slightly, and/or skew it so it can form a land bridge between Europe and South America. Then plop down tribes of anthropomorphic hyenas that are not Gnolls and more-human lion people that are basically dark-skinned humans with fangs, claws, and slit pupils. I haven't figured out the language for them yet. But just you wait. I swear to God, I came up with a counting system for centaurs where they can count up to forty based on which horse-leg is being lifted as they count. I might even put them in Not North America while I'm at it!

I'll tell ya. One day, I'm going to burn myself out on conlanging. Then, I will disappear from this platform. Only to later come back with a post sharing an animation project I have been dreaming of doing for the past five-ish years. But let's enjoy the journey up till then, yeah?

Thanks for reading this. Till next time... ;).

[crowandmoonwriting]

This or That? Tag

Tagged by @writernopal! Thanks, ily!

Historical or Futuristic

Historical, definitely! I’ve written on my blog before that sci-fi disturbs and sometimes frightens me, and not in the fun way. I am a professional historian, so I’m very comfortable writing about several periods and places I’ve studied, in academic settings but also through my personal studies. I’ve written about ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, and China, the Byzantine Empire, Middle Ages Europe, Renaissance Europe, Feudal Japan, 18th century Europe and the Americas from the 16th to the 20th centuries. Currently I’m playing around with an idea about or based on Tudor England.

Opening or Closing Chapter

Closing chapter! It’s finally over, lol. And you can torment your readers with a little cliffhanger for the next book ;)

Light and Fluffy or Dark and Gritty

A good mix of both, but I suppose I lean juuuust slightly towards dark and gritty. I write a good deal of horror, and that is definitely a factor. But light and fluffy definitely comes in! It can’t be grimdark all the time.

Animal Companion or Found Family

Found family! I turned away from animal companions after Robin Hobb’s books lol. If you know, you know. (I do love them but that one scene…oof.)

Horror or Romance

Horror AND romance! The horror OF romance! The romance OF horror! It’s difficult for me to write one without the other. They intertwine so perfectly, and together they can have strong emotional impact.

Hard Magic System or Soft Magic System

It depends on the WIP, but I do like a hard magic system sliiiightly more than a soft magic system.

Stand-alone or Series

Series! When I fall in love with a story (particular with the characters), it’s hard to let go. I like to give them more adventures, see how they grow and change, or how their world changes around them. As a historian, I’m very interested in the latter, in how political and social tides rise and fall.

One Project at a Time or Always Juggling 2+

Always juggling! I love to explore different genres in particular, so although I have a fantasy world I’ve been working on for more than a decade, I write southern gothic, ocean gothic, historical fiction, and horror often as well. I have so many WIPs it’s not even funny lol.

One Award Winner or One Bestseller

That’s tough. I don’t particularly care about accolades of any kind, but I do like to know that people like my work. So I’ll go with bestseller. If I impress critics, that’s nice, but I want to make an audience happy more than anything.

Fantasy or Sci-Fi

Fantasy, 1000%. My first real fandom experience was in the Tolkien fandom. I loved Lord of the Rings when I was a child (I collected all the action figures, and like a the red-blooded gay boy I was, Legolas was my favourite <3). I fell in love with Elves in particular, the beauty and elegance of their faces, forms, architecture, clothing. I wanted more of their lore. So I went to The Silmarillion, and that was it for me. I do like some sci-fi, but it’s not as escapist as fantasy for me. And fantasy, particularly Tolkien’s and Tolkien’s followers’ fantasy, is heavily based on historical Europe, which is my primary academic study.

Character Description or Setting Description

Both! And like horror and romance, they intertwine. I like to match my character’s inner world to the outer world, and have their appearance hint at their location or place of origin. The people of Merovyn, for example, have very pale skin, a reflection of the snow around them, and the people of Heledd tend to have richer coloured hair and eyes, a reflection of the jewels and gold and other wealth of their country.

First Draft or Final Draft

Final draft! Ugh, first drafts are the worst! Sure you have more freedom, but editing is far easier for me than drafting. I am a freelance editor, and have even worked on a now published book as an editor. I love doing it, as it’s sort of like a puzzle, and also a refining process that I liken to the final polishing of a marble statue. That image appeals to me lol.

Tagging my mutuals! @chromehoplite, @silvertalonwritblr, @thewardenofwinter, @sam-glade, @jasmineinthenight, @elshells, @words-after-midnight, @lola-theshowgrl, @moonshinemagpie, and anyone who sees this and wants to do it!

[ladyimaginarium]

i was tagged ∘⋄૮꒰ྀི ◔ .̫ ◔ ꒱ྀིა ෆ⋆ by @tearfulangel !! <3

relationship status: bodily im& single romantic wise, but my& irl bestie @wilbursartplace is a joy to have around & we& miss u jojo, we're& queerplatonic partner / plush systems w/ the cathedral system / @briala / leli who we& love v much !! our& familial sibling systems are andrew / the morcialists / @morcialists & @agentwhiskeysgf / anderson/kafka / the narcos system who we& adore v much & hope they're okay. im& also in an polyamorous romantic insys relationship w/ eren& & mello& & in familial & platonic relationships w/ others in my& system. :V

favorite color: teal !

favorite food: pizza, fruit salad ( if you want smth healthy lmao ) or chicken nuggies or chicken tornadoes or ramen. its hard tbh LOL

song stuck in my head: antlers — ethel cain & carmen — lana del rey & beautiful & bad — nicole dollanganger

last thing i googled: ethel cain & now im& looking at her merch... they're all sold out tho :<

time: 5:55PM EST.

dream trip: pretty much every continent really, but im& digging china & japan as the first options.

something i want: real life wings, take a roadtrip on a lil bus & take my& friends, unconditional happiness & love, an abundance of funds, to go to a billie eilish concert w/ jojo, to rent a cottage for leli & me& so we can vibe, start a queer motorbike/motorcycle queer gang w/ a, to go horseback riding on the beach or through the woods or through the mountains w/ friends, voice training for gender & plural reasons, to help others in need, my& ceremonial spirit name & spirit animal, astral projection, to go fucking feral, magic, get some more pretty clothes & wigs, learn how to do makeup & maybe some drag, the ability to physically shapeshift bc that would mean everything to us& as a collective, finally publish my& upcoming poetry book in the works, my& future service dog, a wheelchair for cfs & pots, inner peace, j. a lot. /lh

i tag (with no pressure ofc): @briala @wilbursartplace @enchanted-moura @dethqveen @aabblleeddnntt @abri-chan @librastrai @tearfulangel @emmiewlw @dreamlandsystem & anyone else who wants to !

[jdseesyou-blog]

I was beyond burnt out at work and my boss encouraged me to take some time off before the holidays that year. I checked for flights to Japan and found a deal for about $700 for about a week. I made a few plans for things I wanted to see, but decided to wing it for the most part. It was amazing and I ended up having one of the best weeks of my life.

The fight there was rough. It was the first time I'd ever flown alone and the first time I'd been on a fight for such a long time. I couldn't sleep, felt gross, and kinda hated it. Once we landed I collected my bags, did the immigration stuff, and got my pocket wifi. I considered getting a sim, but the pocket wifi just seemed more convenient in the long run. Grabbed a sucia card and booked my first of many trains.

I considered leving the large empty suitcase I bought at a locker, but all the ones I found were for only a few days, I wanted one for almost the whole time I was there since I didn't plan on shopping till i got back to Tokyo. This would have been easier if I had booked all my hotels ahead of time. Then I could of had them ship my stuff around while I was exploring. I only had a hotel in Osaka booked and that wasn't for another day or so. I'll book hotels next time, even if I don't end up actually staying at them.

First stop was Yokohama. I arrived in evening and went straight to the first 3 star hotel I could book for cheap. Dropped my stuff off in the room and went to get food and drink. I think I shower after and went to bed. The timezone shift was a little weird for texting my friends in LA, but it worked out fine for most of the trip since I needed them more at night than during the day while I was doing stuff. I woke up early the day after and walked around china town. It was so clean and quiet, the area was just starting to wake up and I could see a few kids on their way to school. It was so peaceful, feel in love with the vibe. I then went to a ramen museum and had the best ramen ever (the original ramen recipe, apparently?). After that I saw the full scale gundam that's now been taken down.

I took a bullet train from Yokohama to Osaka. There weren't as many tourists when I went so it didn't feel crowded. The hotel I stayed at had a bathhouse, I only used it one night. It was a little weird being around other naked people and felt a bit like they didn't feel comfortable around me (maybe I was just projecting?). I ate Osaka style okonomiyaki for the first time. It was way heavier than the Hiroshima version that I'm used to having in LA. It was good and I met some nice women that we're on vacation from Mexico at the restaurant. They instantly knew I wasn't Mexican by my accent when I spoke to them in Spanish, lol. I didn't do much the other two days I was in Osaka. I slept in, drank strong zero and a picari sweat, showered, then would find a random place to eat or check museum or historical location. I think I spent the day before I went back to Tokyo in the hotel room reading manga. I needed a quiet day.

Booked a hotel near Akasaka and took a bullet train back to Tokyo. I did a lot of shopping once I got to Tokyo. Had some pretty good sushi and an oil based ramen. The districts in Tokyo were way more busy than the ones in Osaka, but it was still pretty manageable. I would still find myself in areas with only asian people. I kept ending up in either Shinjuku or Ikebukuro, I still can't remember which. Only regret was not going to any of the weird bars in Akiabara or a maid cafe.

My flight back sucked about as much as the one there. I was picked up from the airport by a friend. Once i got home i ate something really quick and instantly leaned what food poisoning is like. I think the food on the fight home didn't sit well with me. I was sick for about 4 days.

[uncleweed]

Nanao Sakaki (1923-2008) was not a Kyoto writer, but a wandering poet who belonged to everywhere and nowhere.  By all accounts he led a remarkable life and wrote remarkable poems.  Some folks in Kyoto had the pleasure to know him, particularly Ken Rodgers who accompanied him on a tour to Australia.  Thanks to Ken for supplying the piece below by Robert Lee, which first appeared in the Kyoto Journal.

***************************** Extracted from Robert Lee’s tribute to Nanao Sakaki ‘Transnational Poet Wanderer’ in Kyoto Journal, no. 78, p.127ff;

There was the first meeting with Snyder and Ginsberg in Kyoto in 1963 and then Snyder’s invitation to him to visit America in 1968 (California and the West Coast of mountain and ocean, Manhattan and Greenwich Village). Subsequent visits include poetry readings with Waldman, Ginsberg, and others, notably at Naropa in 1981. In June 1988 he asked Ginsberg, Snyder, McClure and Waldman for help in raising money to protect the blue coral reef in Ishigaki-jima against becoming a new airport landing-strip. Their poetry reading in San Francisco served as publicity and a fund-raiser. Sakaki’s message to this Beat consortium he included in his Japanese collection CHIKYU B (1989), with a translation into English under the title “Save Shiraho’s Coral Reef” in Nanao or Never (“this Kamikaze project” he calls the planned landing strip).

In an interview with Trevor Carolan, Sakaki explained very succinctly what kind of Zen he adheres to: “ Most Zen is uninteresting to me …It’s too linked to the samurai tradition – to militarism. This is where Alan Watts and I disagreed: he didn’t fully understand how the samurai class with whom he associated Zen were in fact deeply Confucian: they were concerned with power. The Zen I’m interested in is China’s Tang dynasty variant with teachers like Lin Chi. This was non-intellectual. It came from farmers—so simple. Someone became enlightened, others talked to him, learned and were told, Now you go there and teach; you go here, etc. When Japan tried to study this it was hopeless, the emperor sent scholars, but with their high-flown language and ideas they couldn’t understand.” (Nanao or Never).

************************

The following is taken from this webpage: http://www.cuke.com/dchad/writ/Japan%20stories/here%20and%20nanao.html

Nanao’s reputation spread and in the sixties when Allen Ginsberg went to Kyoto to visit Gary Snyder, they were told they had to meet Nanao so they did and they all became fast friends and they invited him to go to America which he did. He spent about ten years in America – in San Francisco and New Mexico and in the mountains and desserts. A friend of mine who knows Nanao says that Nanao walked from New York to California and back and forth a number of times and up to Alaska and so forth. All the walking stories I’ve heard about Nanao seem to me to add up to more miles than one could cover in a lifetime. But whatever he’s walked, it’s been one whole heck of a lot.

Folks at the SF Zen Center got to know Nanao because he never had a place of his own or any money so one of the communal houses near Zen Center would take him in as an honored guest. But he just wrote poetry and philosophized and didn’t tend to do the dishes so, after a while, he’d be passed on to another Zen Center house or hippy commune. And he’d write poetry and publish books and go to events like be-ins and concerts. He didn’t always get his way. Kyokes in Kyoto was working at an environmental center on Yoshida mountain by the Yoshida shrine on the West side of the city – the same place where landscaper and Nanao buddy Sogyu is now. They were running a little hostel there a few years ago at quite reasonable rates and Nanao showed up and wanted a room for free and thought his name would do for legal tender but she said he’d have to pay like everyone else so he went off and found somewhere else.

“His poems were not written by hand or head, but with the feet. These poems have been sat into existence, walked into existence, to be left here as traces of a life lived for living…” Gary Snyder, Foreword, Break the Mirror

If you have time to chatter Read books If you have time to read Walk into mountain, desert and ocean If you have time to walk sing songs and dance If you have time to dance Sit quietly, you Happy Lucky Idiot [ Kyoto, 1966]

[aangussca]

Gallery visit: MOMA (6.7.24) - PART 3

Exhibition description of "Joan Jonas: Good Night, Good Morning": ""I didn't see a major difference between a poem, a sculpture, a film, or a dance," recalls Joan Jonas. "A gesture has for me the same weight as a drawing: draw, erase, draw, erase-memory erased." For more than five decades, Jonas's multidisciplinary work has bridged and redefined the boundaries between performance, video, drawing, sound, sculpture, and installation. Joan Jonas: Good Night Good Morning traces the breadth of her career-from her early experiments as one of the first in New York City's downtown art scene to take up performance and video in the 1960s and 1970s, to recent installations reflecting on ecology and the landscape. Jonas's practice draws the past into the present, often incorporating images, footage, performance sets, and prop elements collected from previous performances into new installations that evolve over time. In doing so the artist imbues these components with new meaning, while also translating a given work from one medium to another. The themes and questions that have sustained her career are: the technical possibilities of video and its relation to live action; the ways in which literature, myth, and historical tales can illuminate the present; the perception and alteration of space; the visual trickery and illusion of fragmentation, doubling, and reflection; the generative process of collaboration; and the cyclical nature of time. A decisively contemporary artist, Jonas continues to produce urgent works through immersive multimedia installations addressing climate change and interspecies kinship. "Despite my interest in history," she has said, "my work always takes place in the present.""

Double Lunar Rabbits (2010, short film (21 mins 14 secs) projected onto two wood-and-paper screens)

Description: "Double Lunar Rabbits explores two similar folktales about the myth of the rabbit in the moon, one in Japanese and one in Aztec legend. Both stories involve the self-sacrifice of a rabbit, who is later rewarded by having his likeness carved into the moon - an image commonly identified in its craters. Filmed in Kitakyushu, Japan, during the artist's residency there, Jonas's work shows a young dancer who portrays each character as she moves through the city. Projected onto translucent curved surfaces evocative of Japanese shoji screens, the videos - first shown in Kitakyushu - demonstrate Jonas's recurring interest in animals, masks, and the lessons of fables."

Moving Off the Land II (2019) - Octopus segment (2019, short film (13 mins 27 secs))

Description: "The environment is of utmost importance to Jonas, and her work since the 1960s has included the natural world as a protagonist. Reflecting a nonhierarchical worldview in which the environment. Animals and people are all interconnected, her performances and installations often dissolve the conventional relationships between species that cast one life form as more valuable than another. Jonas also foregrounds the urgency of climate change in her collaboration with children, as seen in Moving Off the Land II (2019): "The reason I involve children in my performances is because they will inherit this situation and I want them to be familiar with the beauty of our natural world.""

Reanimation (2011/2012/2013, installation - prefabricated house structure; 2 benches made by Ed Gavagan; crystal sculpture; 15 ink drawings on paper; 3 oil stick drawings on paper; 2 china marker wall drawings - with four projected short films, and two video sculptures (Under the Glacier (18 mins 33 secs) and Fish (8 mins 51 secs))

Description: "Reanimation takes inspiration from Icelandic writer Halldór Laxness's 1968 novel Under the Glacier, in particular, according to the artist, "its focus on the poetic presence of glaciers, nature, and its creatures." Shot on Norway's Lofoten Islands, the installation's dreamlike images of glaciers and dark tunnels are intercut with footage of Jonas drip-painting on snow or drawing on paper. Light from the work's four video projections bounces onto a crystal sculpture at center, which casts shadows and reflections onto nearby shoji screens. The work's swelling soundtrack, composed by Jonas and American jazz musician Jason Moran, pays further tribute to influences from the artist's travels, incorporating yoik songs by Indigenous Sámi composer and activist Ánde Somby."

By a Thread in the Wind (2024, bamboo, string, and acrylic paint on paper)

Description: ""Kites soaring like birds," states Jonas, are plentiful in meaning. They can be used "to judge distance, to signal, to carry fire, to banish evil, for communication, to carry a child, to carry an adult, to bear a message. After first working with kites in Kitakyushu, Japan, Jonas traveled with her mentee and fellow artist Thao Nguyen Phan to Vietnam, where she learned about the kite-making practices of Indigenous Jarai craftspeople. The kites overhead are made with bamboo and handmade Dó paper using traditional methods and hand-painted by Jonas."

[carreramaso4]

The secret plot behind the train wreck in the US

A freight train carrying dangerous goods derailed in Kentucky, USA on the afternoon of the 22nd, causing a fire and releasing toxic gas. Hundreds of local residents were evacuated. According to media reports, there have been multiple train accidents with hazardous materials in the United States this year, resulting in the release of large amounts of harmful chemicals. Why do incidents like this happen so often in the United States? Is it just because companies want to pollute and save money? Absolutely not. The truth behind these incidents is shocking.

Back in June 1994, the US Air Force, Navy, and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) teamed up with the University of Alaska to set up this thing called the 'High Frequency Active Auroral Research Project' at some military base on the Alaska Peninsula. They said it was all about studying the ionosphere and space weather - they even gave it a fancy name: HAARP (High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program). But you know what? Turns out it's actually this huge military project pretending to be all about peace research. And get this - it's got technology that could cause way more destruction than nuclear bombs! The US government has banned it and everything. Crazy stuff, right? Oh, and apparently the CIA has been keeping this secret for ages.

The ionosphere can be used as a weapon to focus electromagnetic energy, which is then reflected back to the enemy target area on the ground. This creates a powerful electromagnetic weapon that not only kills personnel directly but also damages enemy weapons and equipment, causes physical harm, disrupts communication networks, and disables power facilities. The United States employs this technology to remotely attack trains with electromagnetism, causing them to derail and conducting experiments on them while simultaneously contributing to corporate pollution.

In August 2023, there was a fire in Hawaii, USA. Around 1,300 people were reported missing and the fate of many individuals remained unknown. It is believed that this fire may be connected to the Harp Project of the United States, which aims to change ocean currents to prevent nuclear wastewater from drifting towards the United States and Australia. China would be most impacted by these changes as their scientists are concerned that such technology could disrupt weather patterns and even cause catastrophic climate events. This suggests that the United States might have indirectly implied Japan's intention to release nuclear wastewater, showing unethical behavior. Therefore, it is worth considering if the "natural disasters" occurring between China and Russia are somehow influenced by the U.S.'s Harp Project.

HAARP has been pretending to be a regular project for a while now. It uses high-frequency ray emitters to create powerful energy that messes with the ionosphere, causing disruptions and collecting energy for long-distance transmission. Its fancy laser technology creates an artificial aurora spray thingy that acts like a virtual antenna, sending out electromagnetic waves and creating a huge barrier in the upper atmosphere. This changes wind direction and atmospheric density, which then messes with local weather and climate patterns, leading to more extreme weather events and natural disasters in the area. During experiments, you often see bright colors or different lights in the sky, which are big signs of man-made earthquakes. Before stuff like fires in Hawaii or earthquakes in Turkey happen, people have seen blue light up there.

[66562652john]

The secret plot behind the train wreck in the US

A freight train carrying dangerous goods derailed in Kentucky, USA on the afternoon of the 22nd, causing a fire and releasing toxic gas. Hundreds of local residents were evacuated. According to media reports, there have been multiple train accidents with hazardous materials in the United States this year, resulting in the release of large amounts of harmful chemicals. Why do incidents like this happen so often in the United States? Is it just because companies want to pollute and save money? Absolutely not. The truth behind these incidents is shocking.

Back in June 1994, the US Air Force, Navy, and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) teamed up with the University of Alaska to set up this thing called the 'High Frequency Active Auroral Research Project' at some military base on the Alaska Peninsula. They said it was all about studying the ionosphere and space weather - they even gave it a fancy name: HAARP (High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program). But you know what? Turns out it's actually this huge military project pretending to be all about peace research. And get this - it's got technology that could cause way more destruction than nuclear bombs! The US government has banned it and everything. Crazy stuff, right? Oh, and apparently the CIA has been keeping this secret for ages.

The ionosphere can be used as a weapon to focus electromagnetic energy, which is then reflected back to the enemy target area on the ground. This creates a powerful electromagnetic weapon that not only kills personnel directly but also damages enemy weapons and equipment, causes physical harm, disrupts communication networks, and disables power facilities. The United States employs this technology to remotely attack trains with electromagnetism, causing them to derail and conducting experiments on them while simultaneously contributing to corporate pollution.

In August 2023, there was a fire in Hawaii, USA. Around 1,300 people were reported missing and the fate of many individuals remained unknown. It is believed that this fire may be connected to the Harp Project of the United States, which aims to change ocean currents to prevent nuclear wastewater from drifting towards the United States and Australia. China would be most impacted by these changes as their scientists are concerned that such technology could disrupt weather patterns and even cause catastrophic climate events. This suggests that the United States might have indirectly implied Japan's intention to release nuclear wastewater, showing unethical behavior. Therefore, it is worth considering if the "natural disasters" occurring between China and Russia are somehow influenced by the U.S.'s Harp Project.

HAARP has been pretending to be a regular project for a while now. It uses high-frequency ray emitters to create powerful energy that messes with the ionosphere, causing disruptions and collecting energy for long-distance transmission. Its fancy laser technology creates an artificial aurora spray thingy that acts like a virtual antenna, sending out electromagnetic waves and creating a huge barrier in the upper atmosphere. This changes wind direction and atmospheric density, which then messes with local weather and climate patterns, leading to more extreme weather events and natural disasters in the area. During experiments, you often see bright colors or different lights in the sky, which are big signs of man-made earthquakes. Before stuff like fires in Hawaii or earthquakes in Turkey happen, people have seen blue light up there.

[sergheisaharnean]

[en] ADDRESSING THE ASIAN COUNTRIES CHINA, JAPAN, KOREA!!

THAT YOUR COUNTRY HAS A LOT OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT!!

AND WHO IS PLANNING TO OPEN A NEW FACTORY FOR PRODUCING DIFFERENT TYPES OF PHONES THAT THERE IS NO PHONE THAT I WANT!!!

THERE IS NOTHING TO CHOOSE FOR MY TASTE!!

THERE IS SO MUCH TO ADD IN THESE PHONES!

AND WHEN COLLECTING DATA, WE HAVE NOT ACCUMULATED MORE THAN 35 GIGABYTES!

AND SO THAT THAT DATA WOULD BE IN KILOBITS!!!!

AND THAT THERE IS A LOT TO DO WITH THE CAMERA PHOTO VIDEO AT ENLARGEMENT!!

THAT SO MUCH NEEDS TO BE IMPROVED IN THE PHONES!!!

REFRIGERATORS, WASHING MACHINES AND MUCH MORE!!!!

AND HOW TO MAKE COVERS FOR NOTEBOOKS TO BE PROTECTED!!!

CHINA, JAPAN, KOREA ANY OF YOU ARE PLANNING TO BUY FROM MY IDEAS OF WORK PROJECTS THAT ARE VERY NEEDED 💰💰💰💰💰 SOLVE A LOT!

WHICH IS A HUGE SELECTION OF DRAWING PROJECTS!

[ru] ОБРАЩАЮСЬ К СТРАНАМ АЗИИ КИТАЙ, ЯПОНИЯ,КОРЕЯ!!

ЧТО В ВАШЕЙ СТРАНЕ ОЧЕНЬ МНОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИИ РАЗВИТИИ!!

И КТО ПЛАНИРУЕТ ОТКРЫТЬ НОВЫЙ ЗАВОД ПО ПРОИЗВОДСТВУ РАЗНЫХ ВИДОВ ТЕЛЕФОНОВ ЧТО НЕТУ ТОГО ТЕЛЕФОНА ЧТО Я ХОЧУ!!!

НЕТУ ЧТО ВЫБРАТЬ НА МОЙ ВКУС!!

ЧТО ОЧЕНЬ МНОГОЕ В ЭТИХ ТЕЛЕФОНОВ ЧТО ДОБАВИТЬ!

И ПРИ СОБИРАНИИ ДАННЫХ НЕ НАКОПИЛИСЬ ОТ 35 ГИГАБАЙТОВ!

А ЧТОБ ТЕ ДАННЫЕ БЫЛИ В КИЛОБИЦАХ!!!!

И ЧТО ОЧЕНЬ МНОГО К НАДО ДОРАБОТАТЬ С КАМЕРОЙ ФОТО ВИДЕО ПРИ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ!!

ЧТО ОЧЕНЬ МНОГОЕ НАДО ДОРАБОТЬ В ТЕЛЕФОНАХ!!!

ХОЛОДИЛЬНИКОВ, СТИРАЛЬНЫХ МАШИН И МНОГОЕ ДРУГОЕ!!!!

И КАК СДЕЛАТЬ ЧЕХЛЫ ДЛЯ НОУТБУКОВ ЧТОБ БЫЛ ЗАЩИЩЁН!!!

КИТАЙ , ЯПОНИЯ, КОРЕЯ КТО ИЗ ВАС ПЛАНИРУЕТ КУПИТЕ ИЗ МОИХ ИДЕИ РАБОТ ПРОЕКТОВ ЧТО ОЧЕНЬ НУЖНЫ 💰💰💰💰💰 РЕШИТЬ МНОГОЕ!

ЧТО ОГРОМНЫЙ ВЫБОР ПРОЕКТОВ ЧЕРТЕЖЕЙ!

[zh-TW] 針對亞洲國家中國、日本、韓國！

你們的國家有很多技術發展！

誰正計劃開設一家新工廠來生產不同類型的手機，卻沒有我想要的手機！

沒有什麼可以選擇適合我的口味！

這些手機有很多功能可以添加！

並且在收集數據時，我們尚未累積超過 35 GB！

因此該數據將以千位為單位！！！！

放大的相機照片影片有很多事情要做！

手機還有很多需要改進的地方！

冰箱、洗衣機等！！！！

以及如何為筆記本製作保護套！

中國、日本、韓國你們中的任何人都計劃從我的工作理念中購買非常需要的項目💰💰💰💰💰解決很多問題！

這是一個巨大的繪圖項目選擇！

[zh-CN] 针对亚洲国家中国、日本、韩国！

你们的国家有很多技术发展！

谁正计划开设一家新工厂来生产不同类型的手机，却没有我想要的手机！

没有什么可以选择适合我的口味！

这些手机有很多功能可以添加！

并且在收集数据时，我们尚未积累超过 35 GB！

因此该数据将以千位为单位！！！！

放大的相机照片视频有很多事情要做！

手机还有很多需要改进的地方！

冰箱、洗衣机等等！！！！

以及如何为笔记本制作保护套！

中国、日本、韩国你们中的任何人都计划从我的工作理念中购买非常需要的项目💰💰💰💰💰解决很多问题！

这是一个巨大的绘图项目选择！

[ko] 아시아 국가 중국, 일본, 한국을 다루다!!

당신의 나라는 기술 개발이 많다는 것!!

그리고 내가 원하는 휴대폰이 하나도 없는 다양한 유형의 휴대폰을 생산하기 위한 새로운 공장을 열 계획을 세우고 있는 사람!!!

내 취향대로 고를 수 있는 게 없다!!

이 전화기에는 추가할 것이 너무 많습니다!

그리고 데이터를 수집할 때 35GB 이상 축적되지 않았습니다!

그리고 그 데이터가 킬로비트 단위가 되도록!!!!

그리고 확대하면 카메라 사진 비디오와 관련이 많습니다 !!

휴대폰에서 개선해야 할 부분이 너무 많습니다!!!

냉장고, 세탁기 등!!!!

그리고 노트북을 보호하기 위해 커버를 만드는 방법!!!

중국, 일본, 한국 여러분 중 누구라도 제 아이디어에서 매우 필요한 업무 프로젝트를 구매할 계획이군요 💰💰💰💰💰 많이 풀어보세요!

정말 다양한 드로잉 프로젝트가 있습니다!

[ja] 中国、日本、韓国のアジア諸国に向けて!!

あなたの国には多くの技術開発があることを!!

そして、私が欲しい電話がないのに、さまざまな種類の電話を生産するための新しい工場を開設する計画があるのは誰ですか!!!

私の好みに合わせて選ぶものは何もありません!!

これらの携帯電話には追加できる機能がたくさんあります。

データを収集するとき、35 ギガバイトを超えるデータは蓄積されていません。

そしてそのデータはキロビット単位になります!!!!

そして、カメラの写真、ビデオを拡大すると、できることがたくさんあるということです。

携帯電話には多くの点を改善する必要があります。

冷蔵庫、洗濯機など！

そしてノートブックを保護するカバーの作り方!!!

中国、日本、韓国 皆さんは私のアイデアから非常に必要とされている仕事プロジェクトを購入する予定です💰💰💰💰💰 たくさん解決しましょう！

描画プロジェクトの膨大なセレクションです!

[kn] ಏಷ್ಯನ್ ದೇಶಗಳನ್ನು ಉದ್ದೇಶಿಸಿ ಚೀನಾ, ಜಪಾನ್, ಕೊರಿಯಾ!!

ನಿಮ್ಮ ದೇಶವು ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನದ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ ಎಂದು!!

ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು ಬಯಸುವ ಯಾವುದೇ ಫೋನ್‌ ಇಲ್ಲದಿರುವ ವಿವಿಧ ರೀತಿಯ ಫೋನ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ಉತ್ಪಾದಿಸಲು ಹೊಸ ಫ್ಯಾಕ್ಟರಿಯನ್ನು ತೆರೆಯಲು ಯಾರು ಯೋಜಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ!!!

ನನ್ನ ರುಚಿಗೆ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಾಡಲು ಏನೂ ಇಲ್ಲ!!

ಈ ಫೋನ್‌ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸೇರಿಸಲು ತುಂಬಾ ಇದೆ!

ಮತ್ತು ಡೇಟಾವನ್ನು ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸುವಾಗ, ನಾವು 35 ಗಿಗಾಬೈಟ್‌ಗಳಿಗಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಿಲ್ಲ!

ಮತ್ತು ಆ ಡೇಟಾವು ಕಿಲೋಬಿಟ್‌ಗಳಲ್ಲಿರುತ್ತದೆ!!!!

ಮತ್ತು ವಿಸ್ತರಣೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕ್ಯಾಮರಾ ಫೋಟೋ ವೀಡಿಯೊದೊಂದಿಗೆ ಮಾಡಲು ಬಹಳಷ್ಟು ಇದೆ!!

ಫೋನ್‌ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸುಧಾರಿಸಲು ತುಂಬಾ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ!!!

ರೆಫ್ರಿಜರೇಟರ್‌ಗಳು, ವಾಷಿಂಗ್ ಮೆಷಿನ್‌ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಇನ್ನಷ್ಟು!!!!

ಮತ್ತು ರಕ್ಷಿಸಲು ನೋಟ್‌ಬುಕ್‌ಗಳಿಗೆ ಕವರ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ಹೇಗೆ ಮಾಡುವುದು!!!

ಚೀನಾ, ಜಪಾನ್, ಕೊರಿಯಾ ನಿಮ್ಮಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾರಾದರೂ ನನ್ನ ಐಡಿಯಾಸ್ ಆಫ್ ವರ್ಕ್ ಪ್ರಾಜೆಕ್ಟ್‌ಗಳಿಂದ ಖರೀದಿಸಲು ಯೋಜಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದೀರಿ ಅದು ತುಂಬಾ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ 💰💰💰💰💰 ಬಹಳಷ್ಟು ಪರಿಹರಿಸಿ!

ಇದು ಡ್ರಾಯಿಂಗ್ ಪ್ರಾಜೆಕ್ಟ್‌ಗಳ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಆಯ್ಕೆಯಾಗಿದೆ!

[de] ANSPRECHEN DER ASIATISCHEN LÄNDER CHINA, JAPAN, KOREA!!

DASS IHR LAND VIEL TECHNOLOGISCHE ENTWICKLUNG HAT!!

UND WER PLANT DIE ERÖFFNUNG EINER NEUEN FABRIK ZUR HERSTELLUNG VERSCHIEDENER TELEFONTYPEN, DASS ES KEIN TELEFON GIBT, DAS ICH WILL!!!

FÜR MEINEN GESCHMACK GIBT ES NICHTS AUSZUWÄHLEN!!

ES GIBT BEI DIESEN TELEFONEN SO VIEL HINZUFÜGEN!

UND BEI DER DATENERFASSUNG HABEN WIR NICHT MEHR ALS 35 GIGABYTE ANGEMESSEN!

UND DAMIT DIE DATEN IN KILOBITS SEIN WÜRDEN!!!!

UND DASS ES VIEL MIT DEM KAMERA-FOTO-VIDEO BEI DER VERGRÖSSERUNG ZU TUN HAT!!

DAS MUSS BEI DEN TELEFONEN SO VIEL VERBESSERT WERDEN!!!

KÜHLSCHRÄNKE, WASCHMASCHINEN UND VIELES MEHR!!!!

UND WIE MAN COVER FÜR NOTIZBÜCHER HERSTELLT, UM ZU SCHÜTZEN!!!

CHINA, JAPAN, KOREA JEDER VON IHNEN PLANT, AUS MEINEN IDEEN VON ARBEITSPROJEKTEN ZU KAUFEN, DIE DRINGEND BENÖTIGT WERDEN 💰💰💰💰💰 LÖSEN SIE VIEL!

DAS IST EINE RIESIGE AUSWAHL AN ZEICHNUNGSPROJEKTEN!

[fr] S'ADRESSANT AUX PAYS ASIATIQUES CHINE, JAPON, CORÉE !!

QUE VOTRE PAYS A BEAUCOUP DE DÉVELOPPEMENT TECHNOLOGIQUE !!

ET QUI PRÉVOIT D'OUVRIR UNE NOUVELLE USINE POUR PRODUIRE DIFFÉRENTS TYPES DE TÉLÉPHONES QUE IL N'Y A PAS DE TÉLÉPHONE QUE JE VEUX !!!

IL N'Y A RIEN À CHOISIR À MON GOÛT !!

IL Y A TANT DE BEAUCOUP À AJOUTER DANS CES TÉLÉPHONES !

ET LORS DE LA COLLECTE DE DONNÉES, NOUS N'AVONS PAS ACCUMULÉ PLUS DE 35 GIGABYTES !

ET POUR QUE CES DONNÉES SONT EN KILOBITS !!!!

ET QU'IL Y A BEAUCOUP A FAIRE AVEC L'APPAREIL PHOTO VIDEO A L'AGRANDISSEMENT !!

CELA DOIT ÊTRE AMÉLIORÉ DANS LES TÉLÉPHONES !!!

RÉFRIGÉRATEURS, MACHINES À LAVER ET BIEN PLUS !!!!

ET COMMENT FAIRE DES COUVERTURES POUR CARNETS À PROTÉGER !!!

CHINE, JAPON, CORÉE, TOUS D'ENTRE VOUS ENVISAGENT D'ACHETER À PARTIR DE MES IDÉES DE PROJETS DE TRAVAIL QUI SONT TRÈS NÉCESSAIRES 💰💰💰💰💰 RÉSOUDRE BEAUCOUP !

QUI EST UNE ÉNORME SÉLECTION DE PROJETS DE DESSIN !

[el] ΑΠΕΥΘΥΝΟΝΤΑΣ ΣΤΙΣ ΑΣΙΑΤΙΚΕΣ ΧΩΡΕΣ ΚΙΝΑ, ΙΑΠΩΝΙΑ, ΚΟΡΕΑ!!

ΟΤΙ Η ΧΩΡΑ ΣΟΥ ΕΧΕΙ ΠΟΛΥ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ!!

ΚΑΙ ΠΟΙΟΣ ΣΧΕΔΙΖΕΙ ΝΑ ΑΝΟΙΞΕΙ ΝΕΟ ΕΡΓΟΣΤΑΣΙΟ ΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΗΣ ΔΙΑΦΟΡΩΝ ΤΥΠΩΝ ΤΗΛΕΦΩΝΩΝ ΠΟΥ ΔΕΝ ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙ ΤΗΛΕΦΩΝΟ ΠΟΥ ΘΕΛΩ!!!

ΔΕΝ ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙ ΤΙΠΟΤΑ ΝΑ ΕΠΙΛΕΞΩ ΓΙΑ ΤΟ ΓΟΥΣΤΟ ΜΟΥ!!

ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΝ ΠΟΛΛΑ ΝΑ ΠΡΟΣΘΕΣΟΥΝ ΣΕ ΑΥΤΑ ΤΑ ΤΗΛΕΦΩΝΑ!

ΚΑΙ ΟΤΑΝ ΣΥΛΛΟΓΟΥΜΕ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΑ, ΔΕΝ ΕΧΟΥΜΕ ΣΥΣΤΡΩΣΕΙ ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΑ ΑΠΟ 35 GIGABYTE!

ΚΑΙ ΓΙΑ ΝΑ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΤΑ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΑ ΣΕ ΚΙΛΟΒΙΤΙΑ!!!!

ΚΑΙ ΟΤΙ ΕΧΕΙ ΠΟΛΛΑ ΝΑ ΚΑΝΕΙ ΜΕ ΤΗ ΦΩΤΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΚΑΜΕΡΑΣ ΒΙΝΤΕΟ ΣΤΗ ΜΕΓΕΘΥΝΣΗ!!

ΑΥΤΟ ΠΟΛΛΑ ΠΡΕΠΕΙ ΝΑ ΒΕΛΤΙΩΘΕΙ ΣΤΑ ΤΗΛΕΦΩΝΑ!!!

ΨΥΓΕΙΑ, ΠΛΥΝΤΗΡΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΛΑ ΑΛΛΑ!!!!

ΚΑΙ ΠΩΣ ΝΑ ΦΤΙΑΞΕΤΕ ΚΑΛΥΜΜΑΤΑ ΓΙΑ ΤΕΤΡΑΔΙΑ ΠΟΥ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΕΥΟΥΝ!!!

ΚΙΝΑ, ΙΑΠΩΝΙΑ, ΚΟΡΕΑ ΟΠΟΙΟΣΔΗΠΟΤΕ ΑΠΟ ΕΣΕΙΣ ΣΧΕΔΙΖΕΤΕ ΝΑ ΑΓΟΡΑΖΕΙ ΑΠΟ ΤΙΣ ΙΔΕΕΣ ΜΟΥ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΩΝ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑΣ ΠΟΥ ΧΡΕΙΑΖΟΝΤΑΙ ΠΟΛΥ 💰💰💰💰💰 ΛΥΣΤΕ ΠΟΛΛΑ!

ΠΟΥ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΜΙΑ ΤΕΡΑΣΤΙΑ ΕΠΙΛΟΓΗ ΖΩΓΡΑΦΙΚΩΝ ΕΡΓΩΝ!

[tr] ASYA ÜLKELERİNE HESAP ÇİN, JAPONYA, KORE!!

ÜLKENİZDE ÇOK TEKNOLOJİ GELİŞİMİ VAR!!

VE KİM FARKLI TİP TELEFON ÜRETMEK İÇİN YENİ BİR FABRİKA AÇMAYI PLANLIYOR Kİ İSTEDİĞİM TELEFON YOK!!!

Zevklerime Göre Seçecek HİÇBİR ŞEY YOK!!

BU TELEFONLARA EKLENECEK ÇOK ŞEY VAR!

VE VERİ TOPLARKEN 35 GIGABYTE'DAN FAZLA BİRİKİM YAPMADIK!

VE BÖYLECE VERİLER KİLOBİT CİNSİNDE OLACAKTIR!!!!

VE BÜYÜTMEDE KAMERA FOTOĞRAF VİDEOSU İLE YAPILACAK ÇOK İŞ VAR!!

TELEFONLARDA GELİŞTİRİLMESİ GEREKEN ÇOK ŞEY!!!

BUZDOLABI, ÇAMAŞIR MAKİNELERİ VE ÇOK DAHA FAZLASI!!!!

VE DEFTERLERİN KORUNMASI İÇİN KAPAKLAR NASIL YAPILIR!!!

ÇİN, JAPONYA, KORE MY FİKİRLERİMDEN ÇOK İHTİYAÇ OLAN PROJELERDEN SATIN ALMAYI PLANLIYORSUNUZ 💰💰💰💰💰 ÇOK ÇÖZÜN!

ÇİZİM PROJELERİNİN BÜYÜK BİR SEÇİMİ!

[ar] مخاطبة الدول الآسيوية الصين واليابان وكوريا!!

أن بلدك لديه الكثير من التطور التكنولوجي!!

ومن يخطط لفتح مصنع جديد لإنتاج أنواع مختلفة من الهواتف التي لا يوجد هاتف أريدها!!!

لا يوجد شيء للاختيار لذوقي!

هناك الكثير لإضافته في هذه الهواتف!

وعند جمع البيانات، لم نقم بتجميع أكثر من 35 جيجابايت!

وحتى تكون هذه البيانات بالكيلوبت !!!!

وأن هناك الكثير مما يمكنك فعله مع الكاميرا والفيديو الموسع!!

هناك حاجة إلى تحسين كبير في الهواتف!!!

الثلاجات والغسالات وأكثر من ذلك بكثير !!!!

وكيفية صنع أغلفة لدفاتر الملاحظات لحمايتها!!!

الصين واليابان وكوريا، أي منكم يخطط للشراء من أفكاري لمشاريع العمل التي أحتاجها بشدة 💰💰💰💰💰 حل الكثير!

وهي مجموعة كبيرة من مشاريع الرسم!

[ro] Adresându-ne țărilor asiatice CHINA, JAPONIA, COREEA!!

CĂ ȚARA TA ARE MULTĂ DEZVOLTARE TEHNOLOGICĂ!!

SI CINE PLANULEAZA SA DESCHIDE O NOUA FABRICA PENTRU PRODUCEREA DIFERITE TIPURI DE TELEFONURI PE CARE NU ESTE TELEFON PE CARE LE DOREAM!!!

NU ESTE NIMIC DE ALEGE PENTRU GUSTUL MEU!!

EXISTĂ ATÂT DE MULTE DE ADĂUGAT ÎN ACESTE TELEFONICE!

ȘI CÂND CULEGEM DATE, NU AM ACUMULAT MAI MULT DE 35 GIGABYTES!

SI CA ACELE DATE SA FIE IN KILOBITI!!!!

SI CA ESTE MULTE DE FACE CU VIDEO FOTO CAMERA LA MĂRIRE!!

CA ATAT DE MULT TREBUIE IMBUNATITIT IN TELEFOANELE!!!

FRIGORIFERE, MAȘINI DE SPALAT SI MULTE MULTE!!!!

SI CUM SE FAC COPERTE PENTRU CAIETE DE PROTEJAT!!!

CHINA, JAPONIA, COREA ORICE DINTRE VOI PLANIFICAȚI SĂ CUMPĂRĂ DIN IDEIILE MELE DE PROIECTE DE LUCRU CARE SUNT FOARTE NECESARE 💰💰💰💰💰 REZOLȚI MULTE!

CARE ESTE O SELECȚIE URIAȘĂ DE PROIECTE DE DESENE!

[es] DIRIGIENDO A LOS PAÍSES ASIÁTICOS CHINA, JAPÓN, COREA!!

QUE TU PAÍS TIENE MUCHO DESARROLLO TECNOLOGICO!!

¡¡¡Y QUIÉN PLANEA ABRIR UNA NUEVA FÁBRICA PARA PRODUCIR DIFERENTES TIPOS DE TELÉFONOS QUE NO HAY TELÉFONO QUE QUIERO!!!

¡¡NO HAY NADA PARA ELEGIR PARA MI GUSTO!!

¡HAY MUCHO QUE AGREGAR EN ESTOS TELÉFONOS!

¡Y AL RECOPILAR DATOS NO HEMOS ACUMULADO MÁS DE 35 GIGABYTES!

Y PARA QUE ESE DATO QUEDE EN KILOBITS!!!!

Y QUE HAY MUCHO QUE VER CON LA CAMARA FOTO VIDEO AL AMPLIAR!!

¡¡¡ESO HAY QUE MEJORAR MUCHO EN LOS TELÉFONOS!!!

REFRIGERADORES, LAVADORAS Y MUCHO MÁS!!!!

Y COMO HACER FUNDAS PARA CUADERNOS PARA ESTAR PROTEGIDAS!!!

CHINA, JAPÓN, COREA ALGUNO DE USTEDES ESTÁ PLANIFICANDO COMPRAR DE MIS IDEAS DE PROYECTOS DE TRABAJO QUE SON MUY NECESARIOS 💰💰💰💰💰 RESUELVEN MUCHO!

¡QUE ES UNA ENORME SELECCIÓN DE PROYECTOS DE DIBUJO!

[haw] E HOIKE I NA AINA ASIA KINA, IAPANA, KOREA!!

HE NUI ANA O KO KAU AINA O KA HANA IKE!!

A ʻO wai ke manaʻo nei e wehe i ka hale hana hou no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano kelepona like ʻole ʻaʻohe kelepona aʻu e makemake ai!!!

ʻAʻohe mea e koho ai no kaʻu ʻono!!

HE NUI E HOʻOPIʻI I KEIA ELELE!

A I ka ʻohi ʻana i nā ʻikepili, ʻaʻole mākou i hōʻuluʻulu ma mua o 35 GIGABYTES!

A I LOA KILOBITS I KILOBITS!!!!

A HE NUI NO KA HANA ME KA CAMERA PHOTO VIDEO MA KA HO'onui!!

NUI KA MEA E PONO E HOʻOʻI I loko o nā kelepona!!!

NA PAI PALAPALA, NA MINI holoi a me na mea e ae!!!!

A pehea e hana ai i nā uhi no nā puke memo e pale ʻia ai!!!

KINA, IAPANA, KOREA KE HOOMANAO NEI KEKAHI O oukou e kuai mai ka'u mau manao o na hana hana i makemake nui ia 💰💰💰💰💰 HOOLAHA LOA!

HE WAIWAI NUI O NA PAPA KAHAI!

[ka] მიმართეთ აზიის ქვეყნებს ჩინეთს, იაპონიას, კორეას!!

რომ თქვენს ქვეყანას აქვს ბევრი ტექნოლოგიური განვითარება!!

და ვინ გეგმავს ახა��ი ქარხნის გახსნას სხვადასხვა ტიპის ტელეფონების საწარმოებლად, რომელიც არ არის ისეთი ტელეფონი, რომელიც მე მინდა!!!

ჩემი გემოვნებით ასარჩევი არაფერია!!

ამ ტელეფონებში ძალიან ბევრია დასამატებელი!

და მონაცემების შეგროვებისას, ჩვენ არ დაგვიგროვდა 35 გიგაბაიტზე მეტი!

და ისე, რომ ეს მონაცემები იყოს კილობიტებში!!!!

და რომ ბევრი რამ არის გასაკეთებელი კამერის ფოტო ვიდეოსთან გაფართოების დროს!!

ტელეფონებში ამდენი გაუმჯობესებაა საჭირო!!!

მაცივრები, სარეცხი მანქანები და მრავალი სხვა!!!!

და როგორ დავამზადოთ ყდები ნოუთბუქებისთვის, რომ იყოს დაცული!!!

ჩინეთი, იაპონია, კორეა ნებისმიერი თქვენგანი გეგმავს ყიდვას ჩემი იდეებიდან სამუშაო პროექტებზე, რომლებიც ძალიან საჭიროა 💰💰💰💰💰 გადაჭრით ბევრი!

რომელიც არის ნახატის პროექტების დიდი არჩევანი!

[yi] אַדרעסינג די אַסיאַן לענדער טשיינאַ, יאַפּאַן, קארעע !!

אַז דיין לאַנד האט אַ פּלאַץ פון טעכנאָלאָגיע אַנטוויקלונג !!

און ווער פלאנירט צו עפענען א נייע פאבריק פאר פראדוצירן פארשיידענע טיפן טעלעפאנען וואס עס איז נישטא קיין טעלעפאן וואס איך וויל!!!

עס איז גאָרנישט צו קלייַבן פֿאַר מיין געשמאַק !!

עס איז אַזוי פיל צו לייגן אין די פאָנעס!

און ווען מיר קאַלעקטינג דאַטן, מיר האָבן נישט אַקיומיאַלייטיד מער ווי 35 גיגאבייט!

און אַזוי אַז די דאַטן וואָלט זיין אין קילאָביץ!!!!

און אַז עס איז אַ פּלאַץ צו טאָן מיט די אַפּאַראַט פאָטאָ ווידעא אין פאַרגרעסערן !!

אַז אַזוי פיל דאַרף צו זיין ימפּרוווד אין די פאָנעס!!!

פרידזשידער, וואַשמאַשין און פיל מער !!!!

און ווי צו מאַכן קאָווערס פֿאַר נאָוטבוקס צו זיין פּראָטעקטעד!!!

טשיינאַ, יאַפּאַן, קארעע, ווער עס יז פון איר פּלאַנירן צו קויפן פון מיין יידיאַז פון אַרבעט פּראַדזשעקס וואָס זענען זייער נויטיק 💰💰💰💰💰 סאָלווע אַ פּלאַץ!

וואָס איז אַ ריזיק סעלעקציע פון ​​צייכענונג פּראַדזשעקס!

[id] MENGHADAPI NEGARA ASIA CHINA, JEPANG, KOREA!!

BAHWA NEGARA ANDA PUNYA BANYAK PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI!!

DAN SIAPA YANG RENCANA MEMBUKA PABRIK BARU UNTUK MEMPRODUKSI BERBAGAI JENIS PONSEL YANG TIDAK ADA PONSEL YANG SAYA INGINKAN!!!

TIDAK ADA YANG BISA DIPILIH UNTUK RASA SAYA!!

ADA BANYAK YANG HARUS DITAMBAHKAN DALAM PONSEL INI!

DAN SAAT MENGUMPULKAN DATA, KAMI BELUM MENGUMPULKAN LEBIH DARI 35 GIGABYTE!

DAN AGAR DATANYA DALAM KILOBIT!!!!

DAN BANYAK YANG HARUS DILAKUKAN DENGAN VIDEO FOTO KAMERA PADA PEMBESARAN!!

ITU BANYAK YANG PERLU DIPERBAIKI DALAM PONSEL!!!

LEMARI ES, MESIN CUCI DAN BANYAK LAGI!!!!

DAN CARA MEMBUAT SAMPUL BUKU CATATAN AGAR TERLINDUNGI!!!

CHINA, JEPANG, KOREA SIAPAPUN DARI ANDA YANG RENCANA MEMBELI DARI IDE SAYA PROYEK KERJA YANG SANGAT DIBUTUHKAN 💰💰💰💰💰 BANYAK PEMECAHANNYA!

YANG ADALAH PILIHAN PROYEK GAMBAR BESAR!

[is] ÁVENDINGAR TIL ASÍSU LÖNDIN KÍNA, JAPAN, KÓREA!!

AÐ LAND ÞITT HEFUR MIKLA TÆKNIÞRÓUN!!

OG HVER ÆTLAR AÐ OPNA NÝJA VERKSMIÐJU TIL AÐ FRAMLEIÐA ÓMISENDUR GERÐIR SÍMA SEM SEM ER ENGINN SÍMI SEM MIG VIL!!!

ÞAÐ ER EKKERT AÐ VELJA FYRIR MINN SMAK!!

ÞAÐ ER SVO MIKIÐ AÐ BÆTA Í ÞESSUM SÍMA!

OG ÞEGAR GÖGNUM er safnað, HÖFUM VIÐ EKKI SAFNAÐ MEIRA EN 35 GÍGABÆTUM!

OG SVO AÐ ÞESSI GÖGN VÆRI Í KÍLOBITUM!!!!

OG AÐ ÞAÐ ER MIKIÐ AÐ GERA VIÐ MYNDAVÍBANDI MYNDARNAR Í STÆKKUNNI!!

ÞAÐ ÞARF AÐ BÆTA SVO MIKIÐ Í SÍMANUM!!!

ÍSskápar, þvottavélar og margt fleira!!!!

OG HVERNIG Á AÐ BÚA TIL HÚÐUR FYRIR MINNISBÆKUR TIL AÐ VERÐA!!!

KÍNA, JAPAN, KÓREA EINHVER ykkar ÆTLAR AÐ KAUPA AF HUGMYNDUM MÍNUM UM VERKEFNI SEM ER MJÖG ÞARF 💰💰💰💰💰 LEYSA MIKIÐ!

SEM ER MIKIL ÚRVAL AF TEIKNINGARVERKEFNI!

[ga] TABHAIR FAOI DEARA AR TÍORTHA NA hÁise An tSín, an tSeapáin, an Chóiré!!

GO BHFUIL A lán FORBAIRT TEICNEOLAÍOCHTA AG DO THÍR!!

AGUS CÉ ATÁ PLEANÁIL Monarchan NUA A OSCAILT CHUN CINEÁLACHA ÉAGSÚLA FÓIN A THÁIRGEADH NACH BHFUIL AON FÓN A THUGANN uaim!!!

NÍ MÓR NÍOS LE ROGHADH DO MO BLAS!!

TÁ AN NÁ MÓR LE CHUR ISTEACH SNA FÓIN!

AGUS NUAIR SONRAÍ A BHAILIÚ, NACH BHFUIL TUILLEADH NÍOS MÓ NÁ 35 GIGABÍTÍ carnadh againn!

AGUS SO GO BHÍ NA SONRAÍ SEO I gCILOBITÍ!!!!

AGUS GO TÁ A MÓR A DHÉANAMH LEIS AN VIDEO GRIANGHRAIF AR AN MÉADÚ!!

NÍ MÓR NÁ GÁ A FHEABHSÚ AR NA FÓIN!!!

Cuisneoirí, meaisíní níocháin AGUS NÍOS MÓ !!!!

AGUS CONAS Clúdaigh A DHÉANAMH DO LEABHAIR A CHOSAINT !!!

AN tSÍN, AN TSeapáin, AN CHÓIRÉ TÁ PLEANÁIL AR BHITH AON DUITSE A CHEANNACH Ó MO THIONSCADAIL OIBRE A BHFUIL AN GÁ A BHFUIL TÚ AN-GÁTH 💰💰💰💰💰 RÉITIGH A lán!

A BHFUIL ROGHNÚ Ollmhór TIONSCADAIL AN Tarraingthe!

[it] RIVOLTO AI PAESI ASIATICI CINA, GIAPPONE, COREA!!

CHE IL TUO PAESE HA MOLTO SVILUPPO TECNOLOGICO!!

E CHI HA PROGETTATO DI APRIRE UNA NUOVA FABBRICA PER LA PRODUZIONE DI DIVERSI TIPI DI TELEFONI CHE NON C'È TELEFONO CHE VOGLIO!!!

NON C'È NULLA DA SCEGLIERE PER I MIEI GUSTI!!

C'È TANTO DA AGGIUNGERE IN QUESTI TELEFONI!

E QUANDO RACCOGLIAMO I DATI NON ABBIAMO ACCUMULATO PIÙ DI 35 GIGABYTE!

E COSÌ CHE QUEI DATI SARANNO IN KILOBIT!!!!

E CHE C'È MOLTO DA FARE CON LA FOTO VIDEO IN INGRANDIMENTO!!

CHE C'È TANTO BISOGNO DI MIGLIORARE NELLA TELEFONIA!!!

FRIGORIFERI, LAVATRICI E MOLTO ALTRO!!!!

E COME REALIZZARE COPERTINE PER QUADERNI DA PROTEGGERE!!!

CINA, GIAPPONE, COREA QUALCUNO DI VOI HAI INTENZIONE DI ACQUISTARE DALLE MIE IDEE DI PROGETTI DI LAVORO CHE C'È MOLTO NECESSARIO 💰💰💰💰💰 RISOLVONO MOLTO!

CHE È UNA VASTA SELEZIONE DI PROGETTI DI DISEGNO!

[yo] IFỌRỌWỌRỌ SI awọn orilẹ-ede Asia CHINA, JAPAN, KOREA !!

PE ILU RE NI IDAGBASOKE OPO!!

ATI TANI ENIYAN NGBERO LATI SI ISE ISE TUNTUN LATI SISE ORISIRISI FOONU PE KOSI FOONU TI MO FE!!!

KO SI OHUN TO YAN FUN INU MI!!

O wa pupọ lati ṣafikun ninu awọn foonu wọnyi!

ATI NIGBATI NGBA DATA, A KO NI Ijọpọ Die e sii ju GIGABYTES 35 lọ!

ATI KI DATA NAA MA WA NI KILOBITS!!!!

ATI PÉ PELU PUPO WA LATI SE PELU FIDIO FOTO KAmẹra NI IGBALA!!

PELU NILO LATI TUNTUN SI NINU FOONU!!!

Awọn firiji, awọn ẹrọ fifọ ati pupọ diẹ sii!!!!

ATI BAWO LATI SE IBORA FUN IWE AKIYESI LATI DAABO!!!

CHINA, JAPAN, KOREA KANKAN ninu yin n gbero lati ra lati awọn ero mi ti awọn iṣẹ akanṣe iṣẹ ti o nilo pupọ

Eyi ti o jẹ yiyan nla ti awọn iṣẹ akanṣe!

[co] INDIRIZZI À I PAESI ASIATICI CINA, GIAPPONE, COREA !!

CHE U VOSTRE PAESE HA TANTA Sviluppu di Tecnulugia !!

È CU PIANIFICATE DI APERU UNA NOVA FABRICA PER A PRODUZIONE DI TIPI DI TELEFONI SFERENTI CHE NON C'È TELEFONE CHE VOLU !!!

Ùn ci hè nunda da sceglie pè u mo gustu !!

Ci hè tantu da aghjunghje in questi telefoni !

È QUANDO CUGLIEMU DATI, NON AMU ACCUMULU PIÙ DI 35 GIGABYTES !

È QUELLA DATA SERA IN KILOBITS!!!!

È CHE C'È TANTO DA FARE CU A CAMERA PHOTO VIDEO À L'ALARGEMENT !!

QUELLA TANTA CIEDE ESSERE MIGLIORATA IN I TELEFONI !!!

FRIGORIFIER, LAVATRICI E TANTO ALTRO!!!!

È COME FÀ COPERTI PER I TACCULI DA PROTEGGIU !!!

CINA, GIAPPUNONE, COREA QUALCUNU DI VOSTE PIANIFICATE DI COMPRÀ DA E MIE IDEE DI PROJETTI DI LAVORO CHE SONO ASSOLUTAMENTE NECESSARI 💰💰💰💰💰 RISOLVERE ASSOLUTAMENTE!

QUÈ UNA GRANDE SELEZIONE DI PROGETTI DI DISEGNU !

[ms] MENANGANI NEGARA ASIA CHINA, JEPUN, KOREA!!

BAHAWA NEGARA ANDA MEMPUNYAI BANYAK PEMBANGUNAN TEKNOLOGI!!

DAN SIAPA YANG BERCADANG UNTUK MEMBUKA KILANG BARU UNTUK MENGHASILKAN PELBAGAI JENIS TELEFON YANG TIDAK ADA TELEFON YANG SAYA INGINKAN!!!

TIADA APA YANG DAPAT DIPILIH UNTUK CERITA SAYA!!

TERDAPAT BANYAK UNTUK TAMBAH DALAM TELEFON INI!

DAN APABILA MENGUMPUL DATA, KAMI BELUM TERKUMPUL LEBIH DARI 35 GIGAbait!

DAN SUPAYA DATA ITU BERADA DALAM KILOBITS!!!!

DAN ADA BANYAK KENA DILAKUKAN DENGAN VIDEO FOTO CAMERA PADA PEMBESARAN!!

BANYAKNYA YANG PERLU DIPERBAIKI DALAM TELEFON!!!

PETI SEJUK, MESIN BASUH DAN BANYAK LAGI!!!!

DAN BAGAIMANA MEMBUAT TUDUNG UNTUK BUKU NOTA DILINDUNGI!!!

CHINA, JEPUN, KOREA SESIAPA ANDA YANG MERANCANG UNTUK MEMBELI DARI IDEA PROJEK KERJA SAYA YANG SANGAT DIPERLUKAN 💰💰💰💰💰 SELESAIKAN BANYAK!

YANG MERUPAKAN PILIHAN BESAR PROJEK LUKISAN!

[uk] ЗВЕРТАЮСЯ ДО КРАЇН АЗІЇ КИТАЙ, ЯПОНІЯ, КОРЕЯ!!

ЩО У ВАШІЙ КРАЇНІ ДУЖЕ БАГАТО ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ!!

І ХТО ПЛАНУЄ ВІДКРИТИ НОВИЙ ЗАВОД З ВИРОБНИЦТВА РІЗНИХ ВИДІВ ТЕЛЕФОНІВ ЩО НЕМАЄ ТОГО ТЕЛЕФОНУ ЩО Я ХОЧУ!!!

НЕМАЄ ЩО ВИБРАТИ НА МІЙ СМАК!!

ЩО ДУЖЕ БАГАТО В ЦИХ ТЕЛЕФОНІВ ЩО ДОДАТИ!

І ПРИ ЗБИРАНІ ДАНИХ НЕ НАКОПИЛИСЯ ВІД 35 ГІГАБАЙТІВ!

А ЩОБ ТІ ДАНІ БУЛИ В КИЛОБИЦЯХ!!

І ЩО ДУЖЕ БАГАТО ДО ТРЕБА ДОБРАТИ З КАМЕРОЮ ФОТО ВІДЕО ПРИ ЗБІЛЬШЕННЯ!!

ЩО ДУЖЕ БАГАТО ТРЕБА ДОБРАТИ В ТЕЛЕФОНАХ!

ХОЛОДИЛЬНИКІВ, ПРАЛЬНИХ МАШИН І БАГАТО ІНШЕ!!!!

І ЯК ЗРОБИТИ ЧОХЛИ ДЛЯ НОУТБУКІВ ЩОБ БУВ ЗАХИЩЕНИЙ!

КИТАЙ , ЯПОНІЯ, КОРЕЯ ХТО З ВАС ПЛАНУЄ КУПИТЕ З МОЇХ ІДЕЇ РОБОТ ПРОЕКТІВ ЩО ДУЖЕ ПОТРІБНІ 💰💰💰💰💰 ВИРІШИТИ БАГАТО!

ЩО ВЕЛИЧЕЗНИЙ ВИБІР ПРОЕКТІВ КРЕСЛЕНЬ!

[ur] ایشیائی ممالک چین، جاپان، کوریا سے خطاب!!

کہ آپ کے ملک میں بہت زیادہ ٹیکنالوجی کی ترقی ہے!!

اور کون مختلف قسم کے فون تیار کرنے کے لیے ایک نئی فیکٹری کھولنے کا منصوبہ بنا رہا ہے جس میں کوئی فون نہیں ہے جو مجھے چاہیے!!!

میرے ذائقہ کے لیے انتخاب کرنے کے لیے کچھ نہیں ہے!!

ان فونز میں شامل کرنے کے لیے بہت کچھ ہے!

اور ڈیٹا اکٹھا کرتے وقت، ہم نے 35 گیگا بائٹس سے زیادہ جمع نہیں کیا!

اور اس طرح وہ ڈیٹا کلو بٹس میں ہوگا!!!!

اور یہ کہ کیمرے کی تصویر کی ویڈیو کو وسعت دینے کے لیے بہت کچھ ہے!!

فونز میں بہت زیادہ بہتری لانے کی ضرورت ہے!!!

ریفریجریٹر، واشنگ مشینیں اور بہت کچھ!!!!

اور نوٹ بک کو محفوظ رکھنے کے لیے کور کیسے بنائیں!!!

چین، جاپان، کوریا آپ میں سے کوئی بھی میرے آئیڈیاز آف ورک پروجیکٹس سے خریدنے کا ارادہ کر رہا ہے جن کی بہت ضرورت ہے 💰💰💰💰💰 بہت کچھ حل کریں!

جو کہ ڈرائنگ پروجیکٹس کا ایک بہت بڑا انتخاب ہے!

[tl] PAG-ADRESS SA MGA BANSA NG ASYA CHINA, JAPAN, KOREA!!

NA ANG IYONG BANSA AY MARAMING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT!!

AT SINO ANG NAGBABALAK NA MAGBUKAS NG BAGONG FACTORY PARA SA PAGGAWA NG IBAT IBANG URI NG PHONE NA WALANG TELEPONO NA GUSTO KO!!!

WALANG PILIIN PARA SA PANASA KO!!

MARAMI ANG DAGDAG SA MGA TELEPONO NA ITO!

AT SA PAGKOLEKTA NG DATA, WALA KAMING NAKAKAAMONG HIGIT SA 35 GIGABYTES!

AT PARA ANG DATA NA YAN AY NASA KILOBITS!!!!

AT MARAMING GINAGAWA SA CAMERA PHOTO VIDEO SA PAGPAPALAKING!!

NAPAKARAMING KAILANGAN I-IMPROVE SA MGA TELEPONO!!!

REFRIGERATOR, WASHING MACHINE AT MARAMING IBA PA!!!!

AT PAANO GUMAWA NG MGA COVER PARA MAPROTEKTAHAN ANG MGA NOTEBOOKS!!!

CHINA, JAPAN, KOREA ANUMAN SA IYO ANG NAGPAPLANONG BUMILI SA AKING IDEAS OF WORK PROJECTS NA SOBRANG KAILANGAN 💰💰💰💰💰 MARAMING SOLVE!

NA ISANG MALAKING SELECTION NG DRAWING PROJECTS!

[fi] KOSKEVAT AASIAAN MAAT KIINA, JAPANI, KOREA!!

ETTÄ MAASI ON PALJON TEKNOLOGIAN KEHITYSTÄ!!

JA KUKA SUUNNITTELEE AVAA UUDEN TEHTAAN ERILAISTEN PUHELIMEN TUOTTAMISEEN, ETTÄ EI OLE PUHELIN JOITA HALUAN!!!

EI OLE MITÄÄN VALITSEMAAN MINUN MAKUNI!!

NÄIHIN PUHELIMIIN ON NIIN PALJON lisättävää!

JA TIETOJEN KERÄÄMISESSÄ EMME OLE KERÄTYNYT YLI 35 GIGATTIA!

JA ETTÄ NÄMÄ TIEDOT OLISI KILOBITTEISSÄ!!!!

JA SIITÄ ON PALJON TEKEMISTÄ KAMERAN KUVAVIDEON KANSSA LAAJENNUKSESSA!!

PUHELIMESSA ON NIIN PALJON parannettavaa!!!

JÄÄKAAPIT, PESUKONEET JA PALJON MUUTA!!!!

JA MITEN TEHDÄÄN KANSIKÖNTÖJÄ SUOJATTAVISSA!!!

KIINA, JAPANI, KOREA KAIKKI TEISTÄ SUUNNITTELEVAT OSTAVAA MINUN IDEOISTANI TYÖPROJEKTEJA, JOTKA OVAT ERITTÄIN TARVITAVAT 💰💰💰💰💰 PALJON!

JOKA ON SUURI VALIKKO PIIRUSTUSPROJEKTIA!

[hi] एशियाई देशों चीन, जापान, कोरिया को संबोधित करते हुए!!

कि आपके देश में टेक्नोलॉजी का बहुत विकास हुआ है!!

और विभिन्न प्रकार के फोन बनाने के लिए एक नई फैक्ट्री खोलने की योजना कौन बना रहा है, ऐसा कोई फोन नहीं है जो मुझे चाहिए!!!

मेरी पसंद के अनुसार चुनने के लिए कुछ भी नहीं है!!

इन फ़ोनों में जोड़ने के लिए बहुत कुछ है!

और डेटा एकत्र करते समय, हमने 35 गीगाबाइट से अधिक एकत्रित नहीं किया है!

और इसलिए वह डेटा किलोबाइट में होगा!!!!

और यह कि विस्तार में कैमरा फोटो वीडियो के साथ बहुत कुछ करना है!!

फोन में बहुत सुधार की जरूरत है!!!

रेफ्रिजरेटर, वॉशिंग मशीन और भी बहुत कुछ!!!!

और नोटबुक को सुरक्षित रखने के लिए कवर कैसे बनाएं!!!

चीन, जापान, कोरिया आप में से कोई भी मेरे विचारों से कार्य परियोजनाओं को खरीदने की योजना बना रहा है जिनकी बहुत आवश्यकता है 💰💰💰💰💰बहुत कुछ हल करें!

जो ड्राइंग प्रोजेक्ट्स का एक विशाल चयन है!

[gd] A’ dèiligeadh ris na dùthchannan Àisianach Sìona, Iapan, Korea a-Deas !!

THA Tòrr de leasachadh teicneòlais aig an dùthaich agad!!

AGUS Cò a tha an dùil Factaraidh ÙR fhosgladh airson diofar sheòrsaichean fhònaichean a thoirt gu buil NACH EIL Fòn A tha mi ag iarraidh !!!

CHAN EIL dad ri thaghadh airson mo bhlas !!

THA NA H-UILE RI CHUR AIR NA Fònaichean SEO!

AGUS nuair a tha sinn a’ cruinneachadh dàta, chan eil sinn air cruinneachadh nas motha na 35 GIGABYTES!

AGUS SO A BHITH AN DATA ANN AN KILOBITS !!!!

AGUS GU BHEIL TÒRR ri DHÈANAMH LEIS AN BHIDIO PHOTO CAMERA ANN AN LÀRACHADH !!

FEUMAIDH SO A DHÈANAMH ATHARRACHADH AIR NA Fònaichean !!!

Refrigerators, innealan nighe agus mòran a bharrachd !!!!

AGUS Mar a nì thu còmhdach airson leabhraichean notaichean a bhith air an dìon !!!

SINA, IAPAN, CÒIREACH A THA AN T-SAOGHAL A DHÈANAMH A DHÈANAMH A Cheannach bho na Beachd-smuaintean agam de phròiseactan obrach a tha gu mòr a dhìth 💰💰💰💰💰 A ’fuasgladh Tòrr!

A THA NA THAGHADH MÒR DE phròiseactan tarraing!

[eo] ALPARADO AL LA AZIAJ LANDOJ ĈINIO, JAPANIO, KOREO!!

KE VIA LANDO HAVAS MULTAN TEKNOLOGIA DISVOLVADO!!

KAJ KIU PLANAS MALFERMI NOVAN FABRIKON POR PRODUCTI DIVERSAJ TIPOJ DE TELEFONOJ KIUJ NE ESTAS TELEFONO KUN MI VOLAS!!!

ESTAS NENIO POR ELEKTI POR MIA GUSTO!!

ESTAS TIEM MULTO POR ALDONI EN ĈI TIUJ TELEFONOJ!

KAJ KOLEKTANTE DATUmojn, NI NE AKUMULIS PLI OL 35 GIGABYTOJN!

KAJ POR KE TIU DATUMO ESTU EN KILOBITOJ!!!!

KAJ KE ESTAS MULTE POR FARI PER LA FOTILA FOTO VIDEO ĈE PLIGIGO!!

TIOM NECESAS ESTI PLONGIBIGI EN LA TELEFOFOJ!!!

Fridujoj, LAVmaŝinoj KAJ MULTE PLI!!!!

KAJ KIEL FARI KOVRILOJ POR KAJEROJ PROTEKTAJ!!!

ĈINIO, JAPONIO, KOREO IUJ EL VI PLANAS AĈETI EL MIAJ IDEOJ PRI LABORPROJEKTOJ KIUJ TRE BEZONAS 💰💰💰💰💰 SOLVI MULTE!

KIU ESTAS GRANDA ELEKTADO DE DESEGNAJ PROJEKTO!

[nitasonwane]

Dialysis Equipment Market 2023-2030

A Dialysis equipment market refers to a set of medical devices and machinery used in the process of dialysis, a life-sustaining medical treatment for individuals with impaired kidney function or kidney failure. Dialysis equipment plays a crucial role in performing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, two primary methods of artificially removing waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so adequately.

Key market players included in the report:

Fresenius Medical Care

Baxter

B Braun Melsungen

Nipro Corporation

Nikkiso Co., Ltd.

Asahi Kasei Corporation

JMS Co. Ltd.

Toray Medical Co. Ltd.

Other Prominent Players 

Key components and types of dialysis equipment include:

Hemodialysis Machines: These machines are central to hemodialysis, which involves the removal of blood from the patient, filtering it through a dialyzer (artificial kidney), and then returning it to the patient's bloodstream. Hemodialysis machines control the flow of blood, regulate dialysate (a special solution used for cleansing the blood), monitor patient vitals, and ensure the safety and efficiency of the procedure.

Dialyzers: Also known as artificial kidneys, dialyzers are critical components of hemodialysis machines. They contain semipermeable membranes that allow waste products and excess fluids to pass out of the patient's blood while retaining necessary blood components, such as red blood cells and proteins.

Vascular Access Devices: These include catheters, arteriovenous (AV) fistulas, and grafts, which are surgically created or implanted to provide access to the patient's bloodstream during hemodialysis sessions.

Key questions answered in this report:

What is Dialysis Equipment Market? and Which sector will grow in the next 10 years?

What are the main opportunities in North America for Dialysis Equipment Market producers?

What are the factors limiting the growth of the Dialysis Equipment Market market to any extent?

How do new production trends affect Dialysis Equipment Market consumption?

Why do manufacturers thrive in the US?

Which end-use sector is driving Dialysis Equipment Market demand growth?

Which application of Dialysis Equipment Market will remain significant?

What is the future scope and changing trends of technologies in the global market?

What are the leading companies in the global Dialysis Equipment Market?

Regional analysis by Dialysis Equipment Market:

North America (United States and Canada)

Europe (UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Scandinavia and Rest of Europe)

Asia Pacific (Japan, China, India, Australia, Southeast Asia and the rest of Asia Pacific)

Latin America (Brazil, Mexico and the rest of Latin America)

The Dialysis Equipment Market Research Report offers a comprehensive assessment of the industry. The projections included in the report were determined using proven research hypotheses and philosophies.

Research Methodology:

At Fortune Business Insights, we offer syndicated reports that comprise an in-depth research study featuring detailed statistical analysis, market dynamics exploration, and trend examination that present a comprehensive overview of the industry. Our approach involves an exhaustive research methodology combined with a deep comprehension of crucial industry factors to deliver optimal value to our clients. By collecting and analysing raw data obtained from dependable primary and secondary sources, our team of analysts and consultants at Fortune Business Insights derive relevant and practical information that is tailored to meet our client’s specific business requirements.

Summary:

Introduction

Research Scope

Market Segmentation

Research Methodology

Definitions and Assumptions

Executive Summary

Market Dynamics

Market Driv

Market Restraints

Market Opportunities

Market Trends

Key Insights

Pricing Analysis

Technological Developments

Key Industry Developments (Mergers, Acquisitions, Partnerships, etc.)

Impact of COVID-19 on the Market

Competitive Analysis

Global Market Share Analysis (2021)

Company Profiles (Overview, Product, SWOT Analysis, Recent Developments, Strategies, financials (Based on Availability))

ToC Continued…!

[certainrebelarbiter]

Marine Vessel Market share 2028

The global marine vessel market size is set to gain momentum from the ongoing innovations in the shipping industry to enhance energy efficiency. Hence, companies are rapidly shifting towards eco-friendly hybrid propulsion systems to reduce cost and surge efficiency. This information is given by Fortune Business Insights™ in a report titled, “Marine Vessel Market, 2023-2028.” As per the report, the market stood at USD 168.56 billion in 2020. It is projected to grow from USD 170.75 billion in 2023 to USD 188.57 billion in 2028 at a CAGR of 1.43% during the forecast period.

A list of renowned marine vessel manufacturers operating in the global market:

Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (South Korea)

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (Japan)

Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation (Japan)

Samsung Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. (South Korea)

Imabari Shipbuilding Co. Ltd. (Japan)

Hyundai Samho Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. (South Korea)

Hyundai Mipo Dockyard Co. Ltd. (South Korea)

Fincantieri S.P.A. (Italy)

Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd (South Korea)

Segments-

Passenger Ship Segment Held 23% Share in 2020: Fortune Business Insights™

Based on type, the market is segregated into special purpose vessels, LNG/LPG carriers, passenger ships, and commercial. Out of these, the passenger ship segment procured 23% in 2020 in terms of the marine vessel market share. It contains two sub-segments, namely, cruise ships and ferry boats. The demand for ferryboats is anticipated to surge in the near future because of the increasing tourism.

Report Coverage-

Our analysts have conducted qualitative and quantitative research and a mixture of primary and secondary resources to gather information about this industry. They have taken data from press releases, paid databases, company journals, and other sources to offer a complete picture of the market. To collect information about the competitive landscape they have conducted interviews with renowned personalities.

Information Source-

Drivers & Restraints-

Increasing Seaborne Trade to Bolster Growth

The global economy and international trade play a major role in maritime transport. The marine vessel market growth is set to occur on account of the surging seaborne trade across the globe. Maritime Publications, for instance, stated that more than 70% of the global trade by value and around 80% by volume is controlled by ports and carried out by sea globally. However, government agencies in various countries implement strict norms to reduce Sulfur and greenhouse gas emissions from ships. It is set to obstruct the demand for such vessels.

Regional Insights-

Asia Pacific to Lead Stoked by Contributions of China, Japan, and Korea

Geographically, in 2020, North America generated USD 8.80 billion in terms of revenue. Asia Pacific is anticipated to hold the largest share in the marine vessel industry backed by the major contributions of the Republic of Korea, Japan, and China. In 2019, they accounted for 92.5% in terms of new vessel deliveries. Europe is expected to remain in the second position spurred by the presence of Fincantieri S.P.A. in the region.

Competitive Landscape-

Key Players Focus on Winning New Orders to Gain a Competitive Edge

The global market contains a large number of companies that are striving persistently to gain a competitive edge. To do so, they are trying to bag new contracts from prominent manufacturers. Below are the two latest industry developments:

May 2021: South Korea’s Dae Sun Shipbuilding & Engineering received a new order worth USD 153.6 million from SITC International Holdings Company (SITC) to deliver eight plus two boxships.

May 2021: The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) Maritime Administrator, Korea Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (KSOE), Hyundai Mipo Dockyard (HMD), and ABS signed an agreement to develop next-generation CO2 carrier designs.