#sts 135

[lonestarflight]

"The space shuttle Atlantis launches for the STS-135 mission to the International Space Station in the final mission of the Space Shuttle Program at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Liftoff was at 11:29 a.m. (EDT). Onboard are NASA astronauts Chris Ferguson, STS-135 commander; Doug Hurley, pilot; Sandy Magnus and Rex Walheim, both mission specialists."

Photo credit: Smiley N. Pool

Date: July 8, 2011

NASA ID: JSC2011-E-067610

[zuikoplanet]

St. Petersburg Art Nouveau in all its glory  Olympus OM-2n Zuiko 28 mm f/2.8 Silberra PAN160

[filmjunky-99]

s t a r t r e k t h e n e x t g e n e r a t i o n created by gene roddenberry [the quality of life, s6ep9]

'What we've done, Captain, is to recreate a situation similar to the one the exocomp encountered in the plasma conduit.' - laforge

'We have created a small conduit breach in this tube. The exocomp would normally require several minutes to complete a repair of this type. Once it enters the tube, it will find that a plasma cascade failure is in progress.' - data

'If it does possess a survival instinct, as Mister Data claims, it will exit the tube before the minute is up in order to save itself.' - farallon

[nevertoparadise]

୨୧ list of all lana unreleased, demos and covers ୨୧

unreleased songs

1. You Can Be The Boss (leaked)

2. Kinda Outta Luck (leaked)

3. Oooh Baby (= “Are You Ready?”) (leaked)

4. Hundred Dollar Bill (leaked)

5. Driving in Cars With Boys (leaked)

7. Daddy Issues (= “I Was In A Bad Way”) (leaked)

8. Trash Magic (leaked)

9. Paris (= “Take Me To Paris”) (leaked)

10. Heavy Hitter (leaked)

11. Dum Dum (3 different versions) (leaked)

12. Match Made In Heaven (leaked)

13. She’s Not Me (= “Ride or Die”) (leaked)

14. Pin Up Galore (leaked)

15. Dangerous Girl (leaked)

16. Never Let Me Go (leaked)

17. Children Of The Bad Revolution (leaked)

19. Marilyn Monroe (= “Puppy Love”) (leaked)

20. Come When You Call Me America (2 different versions) (leaked)

21. 1949 (leaked)

22. You’re Gonna Love Me (leaked)

23. Put the Radio On (leaked)

24. Gangsta Boy (leaked)

25. Summer of Sam (leaked)

26. Serial Killer (leaked)

27. Go Go Dancer (leaked)

28. Delicious (leaked)

29. Big Bad Wolf (= “Hot Hot Hot”) (leaked)

30. Playing Dangerous (leaked)

31. Afraid (leaked)

32. Hollywood’s Dead (leaked)

33. Damn You (= “American Dream”) (leaked)

34. Lift Your Eyes (leaked)

35. Boarding School (leaked)

36. Butterflies (leaked)

37. Every Man Gets His Wish (leaked)

38. Fordham Road (leaked)

39. Motel 6 (leaked)

40. Paradise (leaked)

41. Velvet Crowbar (leaked)

42. Fake Diamond (2 versions) (leaked)

43. Backfire (leaked)

44. Moi Je Joue (leaked)

45. Last Girl On Earth (leaked)

46. Live or Die (leaked)

47. Push Me Down (leaked)

48. Teenage Wasteland (= “Prom Song” [Gone Wrong]) (leaked)

49. Tonight (= “I Don’t Wanna Go”) (leaked)

50. My Best Days (leaked)

51. Break My Fall (leaked)

52. Catch and Release (leaked)

53. Crooked Cop (leaked)

54. Is It Wrong? (leaked)

55. Jealous Girl (leaked)

56. Hawaiian Tropic (leaked)

57. Heartshaped Chevrolet (leaked)

58. Hit and Run (2 versions) (leaked)

59. Making Out (2 versions) (leaked)

60. Noir (leaked)

61. Scarface (leaked)

62. TV In Black & White (leaked)

63. Us Against The World (leaked)

64. Midnight Dancer Girlfriend (leaked)

65. Maha Maha (leaked)

66. Television Heaven (leaked)

67. Golden Grill (leaked)

68. Beautiful Player (leaked)

69. Dynamite (leaked)

70. Breaking My Heart (leaked)

71. Black Beauty (leaked)

72. Hollywood (leaked)

73. Angels Forever (Forever Angels) (leaked)

74. Starry Eyed (leaked)

75. JFK (leaked)

76. Butterflies Pt. 2 (leaked)

77. Daytona Meth (leaked)

78. Tired Of Singing The Blues (leaked)

79. St. Tropez (= “Party Girl”) (leaked)

80. Queen Of Disaster (leaked)

81. All Smiles (leaked)

82. Bentley

83. Betty Boop Boop (leaked)

84. Born Bad Bay

85. Caught You Boy

86. C U L8r Alligator (leaked)

87. Criminals Run The World (= “Hit And Run” alternate version) (leaked)

88. Cry Me A River

89. Girl That Got Away

90. I Was In A Bad Way (= “Daddy Issues” alternate version) (leaked)

91. I’m Fucked

92. Kindness of Strangers

93. Mermaid Hotel (leaked)

94. Put Your Lips Together (leaked)

95. Resistance

96. Roses

97. Ruby Tuesday

98. Slow Gin Fizz

99. So Legit (= “Against Gaga”) (leaked)

100. Smarty (leaked)

101. Playground (leaked)

102. Wrong

103. Strange Love (leaked)

104. Bollywood Hawaii (leaked)

105. Baby Blue Love (leaked)

106. I Want It All

107. Behind Closed Doors (leaked)

108. Jimmy Gnecco (leaked)

109. Break The Cycle

110. Epiphany

111. Jonah

112. Little Angel

113. Lullubye

114. True Love On The Side (leaked)

115. Living Without You (= “TV In Black & White” alternate version) (leaked)

116. True Love

117. Greenwich (leaked)

118. Shadow Of A Doubt (leaked)

119. Get Drunk (leaked)

120. BBM Baby

121. Be My Daddy

122. China Palace

123. Dance Money

124. Fine China

125. For Charlie

126. Living Legend

127. Morricone

128. Piano Theme

129. W

130. Yes To Heaven

131. Ridin’/My Bitch (feat. The Kickdrums & A$AP) (leaked)

132. Back To Tha Basics (leaked)

133. Because of You (leaked)

134. Coca Colla (= “Television Heaven” alternate version) (leaked)

135. Hangin’ Around (leaked)

136. In The Sun (leaked)

137. Joshy & I (leaked)

138. Let My Hair Down (leaked)

139. Live Forever (leaked)

140. Meet Me In The Pale Moonlight (leaked)

141. Methamphetamines (leaked)

142. On Our Way (leaked)

143. Stoplight De-lite (leaked)

144. Trash (leaked)

145. Wayamaya (leaked)

146. You & Me (leaked)

147. Your Band Is All The Rage (leaked)

148. The good life (leaked)

149. Zodiac (snippet leaked)

150. Ave Maria

151. Pink Champagne

152. Fine china

153. Dragonslayer

154. Poetry in motion

albums

Lana Del Ray (Steven Mertens recordings)

Tracklist: unknown

Lizzy Grant and the Phenomena (leaked)

Tracklist:

1. Disco

2. For K Part 2 (Demo)

Sparkle Jump Rope Queen (leaked)

Tracklist:

1. Axl Rose Husband

2. Elvis

3. Blue Ribbon (= “Gramma”)

The Money Hunny Recordings (leaked)

Tracklist:

1. Money Hunny

2. A Star For Nick

3. Rehab (“For K Part 2″ Demo)

4. Pawn Shop Blues (Demo)

May Jailer – Sirens (leaked)

Tracklist:

1. Sirens (Titled as “For K”)

2. Next to Me

3. A Star for Nick

4. My Momma

5. Bad Disease

6. Out with a Bang

7. Westbound

8. Try Tonight

9. All You Need

10. I’m Indebited to You

11. Pretty Baby (Or “For K”)

12. Aviation

13. Find My Own Way

14. Pride

15. Birds of A Feather

Lana del Ray AKA Lizzy Grant

Tracklist:

1. Kill Kill

2. Queen of the gas station

3. Oh say can you see

4. Gramma (Blue Ribbon Sparkler Trailer Heaven)

5. For K Pt. 2

6. Jump

7. Mermaid Motel

8. Raise me up (Mississippi south)

9. Pawn shop blues

10. Brite lites

11. Put me in a movie

12. Smarty

13. Yayo

demos

1. Born To Die (2 different versions) (leaked)

2. Blue Jeans (leaked)

3. Video Games (leaked)

4. Diet Mountain Dew (3 different versions, also known as Diet Mnt Dew) (leaked)

5. National Anthem (2 different versions) (leaked)

6. Dark Paradise (2 different versions, one with other lyrics) (leaked)

7. Radio (leaked)

8. Carmen (2 different versions, one of them is acapella with other lyrics) (leaked)

9. Million Dollar Man (leaked)

10. This Is What Makes Us Girls (2 different versions) (leaked)

11. Without You (2 different versions, one with other lyrics) (leaked)

12. Lolita (4 different versions, also known as Hey Lolita Hey or Lolyta) (leaked)

13. Lucky Ones (leaked)

14. Driving in Cars with Boys (leaked)

15. Hundred Dollar Bill (leaked)

16. Heavy Hitter (leaked)

17. Yayo (leaked)

18. Trash Magic (leaked)

19. Ghetto Baby (Demo for Cheryl Cole) (leaked)

20. White Pontiac Heaven (= “Axl Rose Husband” alternate version) (leaked)

21. Summertime Sadness (leaked)

22. Young & Beautiful (leaked)

23. Jump (leaked)

24. Put Me In A Movie (leaked)

25. Brite Lites (leaked)

26. Unfixable (Demo for Shades of cool) (leaked)

other songs – live/covers/collaborations

1. The End of the World (Skeeter Davies Cover)

2. Iron (with Woodkid) released

3. Chet Baker (with Mando Diao) released

4. Gloria (with Mando Diao) released

5. The Happiest Girl In The Whole U.S.A. (Donna Fargo Cover)

6. Ten Dollar Ring (with Bryan Dunn)

7. Goodbye Kiss (Kasabian Cover)

8. Heart-Shaped Box (Nirvana Cover)

9. Blue Velvet (Bobby Vinton Cover – for H&M) released

10. Chelsea Hotel No. 2 (Leonard Cohen Cover)

11. Summer Wine (Lee Hazlewood & Nancy Sinatra Cover)

12. Spender (feat. Smiler) released

13. Dayglo Reflection (feat. Bobby Womack) released

14. Cry Me A River (Various)

15. I Love Paris (Ella Fitzgerald Cover)

16. Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door” (Bob Dylan Cover)

17. Roadhouse Blues (The Doors Cover)

18. Why Don’t You Do Right? (Peggy Lee Cover)

19. Wonderwall (Oasis Cover)

20. Some Things Last A Long Time (Daniel Johnston Cover) released

[immortalxrose]

𝐌𝐢𝐧𝐞, 𝐀𝐥𝐥 𝐌𝐢𝐧𝐞 [ʸᵃⁿᵈᵉʳᵉ! ᴼᵐᵉᵍᵃ ˣ ᴼᵐᵉᵍᵃ! ᴹᵃˡᵉ ᴿᵉᵃᵈᵉʳ]

summary; Paris Willaims has been stuck in the same world loop for years. 135 to be exact. It's always the same- he's the helpless omega who so desperately needs an alpha to save him. No matter how many times he tries to escape, he's always brought back. That is until you come along.

Warnings; Yandere themes and behaviors

Part one

ɴᴇxᴛ

[M/N] wasn’t all that shocked at the varied stares he received as soon as he walked onto the college campus. It was something he was used to, being as big as he was. He was tall (around 6’3), towering over the average alpha, with forearms and thighs as big as his head, and scars all over his body. His scent was also husky rather than the normal sweet, though he had been told before that it was still pleasant.

While the looks were uncomfortable, they weren’t unwarranted. He’s a giant of a man, the envy of many alphas, and the crush of many omegas. It’d been like that on the base as well. Many of his fellow soldiers (all alphas) refuse to acknowledge his presence due to their own insecurities. Many omegan civilian workers practically fell over themselves trying to get his attention. 

It got worse when he told them he was an omega; the sexist remarks, threats, and derogatory names. Thankfully, he met the required active duty when it started and left without regrets. The only reason he'd joined the army was for the free college anyway.

So yeah, [M/N] wasn't completely surprised by the stares.

He was thankful he'd studied the school's map beforehand; the campus, as beautiful as it was, was also massive. There were about 15 buildings, spread across about 30 acres of land. The courtyard was also insanely large; a few students sat on the lawn doing work or chatting with friends. 

He was early though, and didn’t feel like sitting on the grass, so he had to find something to do. “Now that I think about it, there's a cafe in the back of the library, right?” He muttered to himself. 

Walking around the campus, he could feel the lustful gazes from the omegas, practically eye fucking him shamelessly. It was disgusting and objectifying. The [h/c] male quickened his pace as he walked towards his destination. There were a few stares from alphas, many envious, though a few seemed to have the same ideas as the omegas. 

Thankfully, he made it to the library. After scanning his student ID, he went to the back of the library.

There sat a small cafeteria. Throughout the campus, there were 4 cafeterias. St. Mathias Library held a small cafeteria, mostly serving small snacks, beverages, and a few breakfast items. A few students sat around, sipping drinks or reading a book. Thanks to it being a library, it was silent, just what he wanted.

[M/N] went to the counter to order, purchasing just a small coffee and a sandwich. He didn’t get the chance to eat anything before leaving his dingy little apartment, and he didn’t care about the quality of the food. After all, he’d been in the army for 3 years. You won’t believe just how shit the food on base was. 

“Excuse me!” Someone came up beside him, their scent flowing out of them in waves. Their scent was likely sweet, or maybe a cup of French Vanilla? The [h/c] male turned to the voice and found a male omega with strawberry pink hair and heterochromia eyes, one light blue and the other green. He had a bright smile, cute freckles, and dimples for days. All in all, he was kind of…cute? “Are you a freshman?”

[M/N] blinked. “ Uhh, yeah.” 

The male’s smile widened. “So am I!” He chirped. The pink-haired male leaned closer, really close, and stared into [M/N]’s [e/c] eyes. It was like he was searching for something. Something the [h/c] male couldn’t understand. A silence stretched for what felt like hours before the barista called his name. He finally broke eye contact, allowing the [h/c] male to breathe. “So, what’s your name?” The omega spoke. 

[M/N] watched as the male grabbed a cup of pure black coffee, giving a small smile to the barista. He watched as the barista blushed, quickly racing to her coworker. Once she’d raced off, the omega looked back at him, still awaiting his answer. “[M/N] [L/N]. You?”

The omega smiled. “Paris! Paris Williams.” He took a sip of the drink, reveling in the taste. “What class do you first?”

The barista finally called [M/N]’s name, handing him his order with a smile. He nodded to her as he grabbed it. “English Comp.”

Paris suddenly gasps, grabbing onto [M/N] arm, causing him to spill some of his drink onto the counter. “So do I! With Professor Linden, right?” The [h/c] male nodded hesitantly, watching as the pink-haired male started bouncing on his heels. “I’m so glad I met someone from class! Now I have someone to talk to.”

[M/N] nodded. The way the pink-haired male looked at him was unsettling. Don’t get him wrong, the omega was cute and all, but the way his eyes stared at him was so…

Unnatural.

“Oh, let's go sit over there!” Before he could react, the omega dragged him to a booth seat. Somehow, the other can drag him away, having strength no normal omega should have. Especially considering the other was so much smaller than him (around 5’5). Though, he supposes it’s pretty hypocritical of him to think like that. Once they reached, the booth, the shorter shuffled his way into the plastic, cushioned seats that looked more like knives than a seat. Paris looked up at him with doe eyes as he patted the seat beside him. “Come on, sit!”

Alarm bells were going off inside his head, everything inside him telling him to approach, not to cave in. Yet, [M/N] found himself heeding the omegas call. He took place beside the other, nervously awaiting whatever conversation was to follow.

Paris doesn’t know why he did it. 

He had been trying to avoid bumping into that one pest from his unwanted harem. He had a strong feeling that his attempt would be successful this time; he’d done this exact thing 48 times before, allowing him to memorize their movement patterns and even where they might look. 

And he was successful. That is until he got to the cafe. 

That’s when he saw you. You stood in the front of the line, giving your order to the beta barista behind the counter. You were big, but not in a bad way. Broad shoulders, muscular arms, thighs big enough to crush his head. He could only see the back of your head, he could tell you were beautiful. He moved closer, absolutely mesmerized by just your look alone. 

Standing behind you was heavenly. Your scent wasn’t as vulgar or sweet as anyone he’d met on campus. He’d spent years getting used to and memorizing the scents of every student, no matter how important they were to the game. Yours was…different. Intoxicating.

He was in a trance as he stared at you. He watched as your muscles flexed and your legs bent as you moved forward. The way your hair flowed and moved in the light wind. Everything about you was perfect. 

And then you spoke. You spoke and your voice was like heaven to him. It was husky and hypnotic. He couldn’t even listen to your words. He felt his knees go weak at the sound of your voice. He could listen to it all day, listen to the husky and harsh undertones. His mind wandered to different scenarios, wondering how his name would sound falling from your lips. Fuck, he was getting addicted, and he didn’t even know your name.

You finally moved to the side after ordering. Paris stood at the counter next, quickly ordering a black coffee and paying. He honestly didn’t even pay attention to what he was doing. His body moved automatically towards you, his mouth moving to speak. “Excuse me!” You turn to him and he nearly collapsed. You were stunning. The way your [h/c] hair shaped your face, your hooded [e/c] eyes, even the scar that stretched from the corner of your lip to just underneath your left eye. Everything about you was just…alluring. He smiled at you. “Are you a freshman?”

You blinked, your eyelashes fluttering so beautifully. “Uhh, yeah.” Paris almost cooed at how nervous you sounded.

Your eyes briefly scanned over him, yet his omega thrilled at your attention. ‘Yes, look at me. Look at only me.’  “So am I!” He chirped. Leaning in, he took in your scent. He couldn’t tell if you were an omega or an alpha. Your scent gave nothing away about what you were, but he had a feeling that you weren’t an alpha. Omega then? Your existence in the game challenged everything he thought possible, so he wouldn’t be surprised if you were. The barista called his name for the order. Reluctantly, he looked away from you (though, not before he spotted the scar just under your left eye) and turned to the beta. He smiled tightly as he took his order. “So, what's your name?” He asked, hands now wrapped around the hot cup. Looking back at you, he watched as you stared at him. He wonders what's going through your mind as you look at him. Did you find him attractive? Creepy? 

“[M/N] [L/N]. You?”

[M/N]. What a beautiful name. He wondered how your name would sound falling from his lips as he moaned breathlessly under you. Or how his name would sound as you growled in his ear, tell him how good you feel, or how- 

Jesus, just how perverted is he? What are you turning him into?

“Paris! Paris Willaims.” He took a small sip of the coffee. Honestly, there was a time he never liked such a bitter drink. However, after 48 years, he did not care whether his drink tasted sweet or like absolute dirt. “What class do you have first?”

The barista finally called your name, holding your order with a smile. He didn’t like how your name fell from her lips, your hand brushed across hers as you took the order, or how she squealed once you turned away. “English Comp.”

The pink-haired male gasped. He had that class as well. “So do I!” Maybe the Gods of this game were giving him a break. Finally giving him reprieve. “With Professor Linden, right?” You slowly nodded, causing him to jump in joy. He didn’t even notice he had grabbed onto your hand until then. “I’m so glad I met someone from class! Now I have someone to talk to.”

Out of the corner of his eyes, he saw the pest, the annoying alpha who haunted his dreams. The blond was steadily making his way over to the cafe, though it doesn’t seem like he’s taken notice of them. Shit. Paris looked around, hoping for some way to escape this. He did not want to go back to the game. He didn’t want to return to being trapped in the same boring game. Not when you were here.

“Oh, let's go sit over there!” There was an empty booth seat in a corner. He didn’t even give you a moment to reach before dragging you away. He was panicking. There was no way he’d let you slip through his fingers. 

He shifted into the seat, ignoring the feeling of the sharp, broken edges of the leather seats sliding against his thighs. ‘Terrible day to wear shorts, but it's too late to do anything about it now.’ He looked back at you, shuddering at how you stared down at him, your stature towering over him. You blinked at him again. He smiled, hoping his panic didn’t show on his face. “Come on, sit!” You seemed to hesitate, your eyes showing your uncertainty. Yet, it didn’t take you long before you finally sat down. Perfect.

[hometoursandotherstuff]

Incredibly beautiful 1901 Tudor mansion in New York City. 6bds, 6ba, $13.95M. The Joseph B. Thomas house has been renovated and I found the photos of how it looked in 2012 before the reno.

The sitting room before.

What an amazing sitting room. A stained glass/leaded glass wall, wood paneling, curved bas relief ceiling, and a magnificent fireplace.

Through the glass wall is a fabulous conservatory. We can see that the brick has been painted white.

Large dining room has gorgeous carved molding on top of the wood paneling, in this room. They gave it some mirrors, large modern art, and contemporary furniture.

There's no before photo of the primary bedroom, but it's huge, isn't it? This house really demonstrates how leaving the natural wood and painting the walls white do so much to brighten it off. There's no need to make everything that doesn't move, white.

The photos are the before and after of the wine cellar. It looks the same. There's no photo of the kitchen, which is so disappointing, but like we learned last week, sometimes very expensive homes don't show them, b/c the very wealthy don't care about cooking, they have chefs and/or cooks.

On the 4th floor there's a chef's kitchen. Fourth floor?

[artdecodude]

135 E 22nd St, #NewYorkCity #GramercyPark #PWA Former Domestic Relations Court Building, completed 1940 . I love finding these ones you don't see everyday on other #ArtDeco sites. 📸: me/2023

[usafphantom2]

81st Tactical Fighter Wing A-10 on the wing of a KC-135 A model. REFORGER '86

#WarthogWednesday

National Archive DF-ST-87-07206

@tcamp202 via X

[thelearningcurvephotography]

Army and Navy Store No 2.

Constructed in 1842 and altered and added to in 1887 and 1888 , The Army and Navy Store at Nos 133-135 King St E in Toronto Canada most prominent features are the two floor arched windows. The building was designated a Heritage Property by The City of Toronto in 1978.

Original photography using a Canon EOS RP body with a Canon EF 17-40mm f/4L USM lens and Silver EFEX Pro as a Lightroom plugin for the Black and White conversion.

Brian Carson The Learning Curve Photography linktr.ee/thelearningcurvephotography

[3rddimension]

fun question: do you have a favorite part in the shourtney stream compilation? if so, which one? personally i love part 18 and part 25 <3

Here's my quick fav list! (In no particular order tho)

Part 5: Halloween Karaoke. This is around super early relationship and they're being soft as hell when Court ask Shayne when they want to sit on the sofa together but there's a baby doll hanging around them. Also the general vibe of that stream is super fun and they're cheering each other on their turn to sing.

Part 18: Donner Dinner Party. The origami saga start around this time and they're teasing each other in the level that we've never seen before.

Part 24: Star Wars Day. It's basically double date live stream. LMFAO

Part 26: SSSS Revival. Probably one of the first big clue pop up around this time. The morning breakfast talk and the way both of them caring for each other the whole stream. Espcially around the end when Shayne bracelet is not working and Court with pouty face went to him with the replacement one. It's super cute.

Part 31: Stan vs Internet Summer Fun Edition & Wii Bowling Night 2. The start of broken ankle saga. Court basically admit that she can't go to the gym (because she need to taking care of Shayne) also the boba slip up. She's also trying to get attention from him the whole time on both stream.

Part 33: Ring Fit one. The instant iconic & classic smoothie incident. Enough said tbh.

Part 36: The whole video especially God Hates Charades part. This is after they went back from visiting Shayne's family in Colorado. So you get a big slip up when they were playing charade and Court let out that it's remind of Shayne's dad with a significant details about his dad history.

Part 41: That soft voice to tell Court to put goggles on is basically why this one is on the list. The best moment out of all imo.

Part 42: What are Those Gamer Gear. I loveddddd the part when Shayne accident hit her face. lmfao

[maertyrer]

Spanish School Martyrdom of St. Sebastian

Oil on canvas, 196 x 135 cm, 17th century

[zuikoplanet]

The Sphere  Olympus OM-2n Zuiko 28 mm f/2.8 Silberra PAN160

[lonestarflight]

Launch of STS-6

Space Shuttle Challenger lifts off on her maiden flight from LC-39A,carrying astronauts Paul J. Weitz, Koral J. Bobko, Donald H. Peterson and Dr. Story Musgrave. This primary objective was to deploy the first Tracking and Data Relay Satellite, TDRS-1, into orbit.

The mission patch for STS-6

This was the last mission to carry four astronauts until STS-135.

Date: April 4, 1983

NARA: 6374993, 6366343, 6366993, 6366992

NASA ID: link, KSC-83PC-0137, S83-30134

[xtruss]

Mount St. Helens Isn't Where It Should Be. Scientists May Finally Know Why.

The Volcano is Responsible for the Deadliest Eruption in the U.S., Yet Many Mysteries Remain About the Closely Watched Peak, Including Why it Formed in the First Place.

— By Maya Wei-Haas | Graphics By Diana Marques | Published: May 18, 2020 | September Wednesday 25, 2024

The gaping crater of Mount Saint Helens, seen here on September 5, 2019, is a reminder of the deadly volcanic blast that rocked the Pacific Northwest 40 years ago. Photograph By Amanda Lucier, The New York Times Via Redux

The frosty volcanic peaks of the Pacific Northwest stand in a remarkably straight line, rising from the crumpled landscape east of Interstate 5. But one volcano is conspicuously out of place. More than 25 miles to the west of the other explosive peaks, in the southwest corner of Washington State, sits Mount St. Helens.

It’s been 40 years since Mount St. Helens famously roared to life, sending ash and gas 15 miles high, flattening 135 square miles of forest, and killing 57 people in the country’s deadliest eruption. Today, the volcano is still one of the most dangerous in the United States, and the most active of the Cascade Range.

Where all this firepower comes from, however, has been an enduring mystery. The volcano’s defiant position out of line perches it atop a zone of rock too cold to produce the magma necessary to feed its furious blasts.

“There shouldn’t be a volcano where Mount St. Helens is,” says Seth Moran, scientist-in-charge at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Cascades Volcano Observatory in Vancouver, Washington.

Solving this puzzle is about more than satisfying geologic curiosity. The firestorm 40 years ago was a reminder of the dangers the Cascade volcanoes pose to millions of people—and a hard shove propelling volcanology into the future. In the decades since, scientists have used the extensive observations of that blast to better understand eruptions around the world, and bolster our readiness for those yet to come.

© NGP, Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Source: USGS

“This was a fundamental leap forward in our understanding of this style of eruption,” says Janine Krippner, a volcanologist with Smithsonian’s Global Volcanism Program.

Crucially, a more detailed view of the volcano’s inner workings could help researchers better track the shudders and shifts that foreshadow an eruption, potentially helping to hone volcanic forecasts and get people out of harm’s way.

Four decades after Mount St. Helens’ eruption, scientists finally are unearthing some clues to its curious position. In one of the most comprehensive efforts to trace a volcano’s roots, the Imaging Magma Under St. Helens project, or iMUSH for short, used a slew of analyses to bring these subterranean secrets to light. Overall, the volcano doesn’t follow the textbook picture of a peak sitting above a chamber of molten rock. Instead, it seems, a diffuse cloud of partially molten blobs lingers deep below the surface, offset to the east of the edifice, toward the neighboring Mount Adams.

A column of searing ash and gas rises from Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980, seen here from the southwest. Less than two weeks after the eruption, some of this volcanic ash had drifted all the way around the world. Photograph By Corbis Via Getty Images

View From The Sky

On the crisp, clear morning of May 18, 1980, geologists Dorothy and Keith Stoffel were soaking up glorious views of Mount St. Helens from the air. As a special treat for Dorothy’s upcoming 31st birthday, the pair had secured permission from the USGS to charter a flight over the volcano. It had been rumbling for nearly two months, but the mountain was almost tranquil early that Sunday. When Dorothy called the USGS to check if the flight was a go, she was told: “Come on over, there’s nothing happening here.”

Usually covered in snow and glaciers, Mount St. Helen’s white flanks had been blackened by the volcano’s recent burbles. The pair snapped pictures of the symmetrical peak from the windows of the Cessna 182. “It was so calm and serene, I almost felt a sense of disappointment,” Dorothy recalls. “In my mind, I thought, Oh, the mountain’s become dormant again.”

A swollen bulge that protruded from its northern flank was one of the few visual reminders of its active state. Since late March of that year, the bulge had grown six and a half feet each day. As the Stoffels flew by, Dorothy spotted glistening white tracks of melted ice rolling down the volcano’s ashen face, a sign of the intense heat just below the surface. The plane then looped across the sky, eventually making two passes over the volcano’s crater.

At 8:30 a.m., they decided to make one last arc heading east above the bulge. That was when the volcano suddenly unraveled.

Faster than they could comprehend what was happening, a crack more than a mile long split the mountain, and the north side collapsed in the largest landslide ever recorded above water. The pair continued snapping images as the ground seemed to liquify, and more than 0.6 cubic miles of material—enough to fill a million Olympic swimming pools—churned downslope.

“As a geologist, you expect volcanoes to erupt,” Dorothy says. “You do not expect mountains to instantly fall apart.”

“As A Geologist, You Expect Volcanoes To Erupt. You Do Not Expect Mountains To Instantly Fall Apart.”

— Dorothy Stoffel, Retired Geologist

The landslide released the pressure on the magma building below—like popping the cork of a champagne bottle—and the volcano let loose. Billowing clouds of hot rock jetted northward in a massive sideways blast, the first of its kind observed in detail. Traveling as fast as 300 miles an hour, the explosion sheared the peak off the volcano, and wreaked devastation across hundreds of square miles.

Swelling clouds from the sideways blast began to overtake the Stoffels’ plane. The pilot dropped into a nosedive to gain speed. “I really thought our lives were over,” Dorothy says. But by veering south, the trio narrowly escaped.

As they retreated, Dorothy watched the plume of searing gas and ash billow skyward, flashes of volcanic lightning illuminating the crater. For more than nine hours, the plume towered over the volcano, blanketing the region in ash and blotting out the sun.

A helicopter drops off equipment at Mount St. Helens to monitor for potential activity. The array of instruments that keep close watch on the volcano has undergone multiple upgrades since the 1980 eruption. Photograph By Adam Mosbrucker, USGS

The Stoffels’ harrowing account is a vital piece of information among the numerous observations of the explosive event recorded by both citizens and scientists. Nearly 34 miles to the east, on Mount Adams, climber John Christiansen, raised his ice ax to the sky. The air was so electric, it shocked him through his woolen mitten. Some 45 miles to the southwest, on Oregon’s Sauvie Island, artist Lucinda Parker and her husband tracked the roiling plume as their three-year-old daughter played in the sand. More than 145 miles to the east, Douglas Bird and his family were leaving for church when he spotted the approaching clouds laden with ash, unlike anything he’d seen before.

The power of the blast has echoed through generations and brought researchers from around the world to Washington State to study the volcano. The iMUSH project was, in part, born from this intense fascination.

Peering Into The Deep

Mount St. Helens is a member of the Cascadia volcanic arc, which stretches from British Columbia to Northern California. Similar to many volcanoes around the world, this simmering range is the product of a subduction zone, a tectonic collision where, in this case, a dense oceanic plate plunges beneath a more buoyant continental plate. As the slab descends, pressures and temperatures climb, and fluids percolate out of the slab, triggering the solid mantle rocks to melt. Less dense than its surroundings, this molten magma shoves its way upward through the crust, creating volcanoes.

Most of the Cascade volcanoes—and others around the world—take shape above the spots where the plunging slab descends to roughly 62 miles deep, where temperatures get high enough for magma to form. But the situation is different at Mount St. Helens. Standing tens of miles to the west of other volcanoes, the infamous peak perches a mere 42 miles above the subducting plate.

The iMUSH project kicked off in the summer of 2014 in part to try and solve this conundrum. To craft images of the subsurface, scientists can study the speed at which seismic waves travel and their path underground; it’s not unlike taking a planetary ultrasound. Battling flat tires and unmaintained dirt roads, dozens of researchers assembled to deploy a fleet of seismometers all over the volcano’s flanks.

“As Far As The Group Was Able To Do, The Kitchen Sink Got Thrown At St. Helens.”

— Seth Moran, USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory

For one part of the analysis, the researchers detonated a series of blasts and watched the waves roll in. Another set of instruments recorded every tremble around the peak—such as the rumble of ocean waves and earthquakes on the other side of the world—for two years. Other researchers tackled the system by studying the chemistry of the rocks themselves. And still more scientists used Earth’s magnetic and electric fields to map out the conductivity of the subsurface.

“As far as the group was able to do, the kitchen sink got thrown at St. Helens,” says the USGS’s Moran, who was part of the iMUSH team.

The results show that seismic waves creep along slowly in a zone east of Mount St. Helens, some 10 to 25 miles deep. Differences in minerals can influence the speed of seismic waves, but magma can be another source of this sluggishness. Perhaps rocks melt as expected near the rest of the Cascade volcanoes, the analysis suggests, but some diverts westward to squeeze through the subsurface and feed Mount St. Helens.

The story from the rocks themselves fits with this picture. By melting samples of erupted rock under a variety of conditions in the lab, the team revealed that the sticky gas-rich magmas that give Mount St. Helens eruptions their punch form at a depth similar to the proposed reservoir, says Dawnika Blatter, an experimental petrologist on the iMUSH team who works with the USGS’ California Volcano Observatory.

The surprising offset of this magma “suggests we need to look more broadly than just right below a volcano if we’re going to understand where the magma is coming from,” says Geoffrey Abers, a geophysicist at Cornell University who was part of the iMUSH seismic analyses.

After the 1980 eruption, researchers may have even caught trembles from nearby this deep melt zone, as the earth adjusted to the draining of molten rock. For nearly a year after the blast, Moran says, tremors rumbled to the southeast of the peak. Subterranean shifts in magma can produce quakes around volcanoes, so knowing whether these tremors are in fact linked to Mount St. Helens’ magma pockets could help direct future monitoring efforts.

“We’ve known that the southeastern side of St. Helens is a little bit of a weak spot in the network,” Moran says. “Having insight into reasons why earthquakes are occurring out there gives more impetus to improving that side of the volcano.”

Mount St. Helens Sits Oddly Apart From The Other Cascade Volcanoes.

Ancient scars in the subterranean landscape may explain its unusual position, directing magma along

an unexpected route.

Million years ago, tectonic plate collisions sent a plateau called Siletzia inching toward ancient North America.

62-56 Million Years Ago

As the ocean between the two landmas-ses closed, sediments from the seafloor were scraped into a heap beneath the surface and squeezed into stone. This process formed what’s known as meta-sedimentary rock.

50-44 Million Years Ago

Meta-sedimentary rock Sinking ocean crust: The metasedimentary rock may have created a weak zone in the crust that helped molten rock rise to the surface. Some 20 million years ago, a massive slug of such melt pushed its way through, crystallizing and solidifying as a batholith.

28-18 Million Years Ago.

Analyses of Mount St. Helens hint that today, the magma originates from a zone of partially molten rock to the east. The different properties of the Spirit Lake batholith and the surrounding meta-

sedimentary rocks may alter the region’s geologic stresses, guiding magma west-ward to the oddly offset volcano.

Present Day

Mt. Adams. Mt. St.Helens. Batholith Fluid Release Drives Melting of Mantle Rocks Subducting Oceanic Plate:

Diana Marques, National Geographic Staff. Source: Paul Bedrosian, USGS; Alan Levander, Rice University

Ancient Scars

The choreographer of this magmatic dance is still being debated. Many scientists see clues in the surrounding landscape, which bears scars from millions of years of tectonic jostling that could help direct the modern flow of molten rock.

A volcanic plateau known as Siletzia once sat off North America’s west coast. But Earth’s continuous tectonic shifting slowly closed the gap, and some 50 million years ago, Siletzia collided with the continent. As the ocean between the two landmasses closed, seafloor sediments were scraped into a heap beneath the surface and squeezed into stone. According to the iMUSH team, this indelible tectonic suture may lie just beneath Mount St. Helens.

The scientists sketched out structures from this merger using a method known as Magnetotellurics, which tracks the conductivity of rocks. Minerals that are carbon- and sulfur-rich, similar to those that might form from marine sediments, “light up like a Christmas tree,” says Paul Bedrosian, a geophysicist with the USGS and a member of the iMUSH team. Sure enough, just beneath Mount St. Helens, a swath of such illumination marks the region where ancient marine sediments were turned into a particular rock type called metasedimentary.

The analysis unveiled another surprise just to the east of the volcano: A vast area of low-conductivity rock sits just above where deep magma may pond. The scientists believe this rock is a slug of now-cooled magma that formed millions of years before Mount St. Helens was born.

The differences in the properties of this volcanic plug, known as a batholith, and the metasedimentary rocks of the suture zone may alter the stresses in the region and thus direct the magma flow. The batholith limits magma from rising to the east of Mount St. Helens; the metasedimentary rocks could serve as a relief valve, drawing the volcano’s sticky, viscous magma to the surface.

A dense wall of rock beneath these metasediments, also revealed by the seismic array, may actually be part of this lost landscape, providing a westward stop for the flow of magma, says Jade Crosbie, a geophysicist with the USGS in Lakewood, Colorado, and part of the iMUSH team.

Navigating a Sea of Data

While the iMUSH analyses help sharpen our view deep inside the planet, the picture remains far from complete, Moran says. “One of the general rules in geophysical imaging is the deeper you go, the less you know.”

VOLCANOES 101. About 1,500 active volcanoes can be found around the world. Learn about the major types of volcanoes, the geological process behind eruptions, and where the most destructive volcanic eruption ever witnessed occurred.

Today, the remains of Siletzia can be seen only piecemeal at the surface, partially buried by flows of now solidified lava and soils studded with trees. This leaves scientists debating where the suture zone—and its role in magmatic direction—precisely lies. To actually put your hand on Siletzia rocks, you’d have to travel tens of miles to the west of Mount St. Helens, says seismologist Eric Kiser of the University of Arizona, who was an iMUSH team member.

As the researchers continue to sort through the sea of other data from iMUSH, many more questions dance in their heads. How does the system change over time? How quickly does the magma move? How does such a vast zone of partly melted rock focus into a volcanic pinprick on the surface? Each potential answer helps shape our understanding of how and why volcanoes erupt, which can help researchers connect what happens at one volcano to the broader picture of volcanism around the world, says seismologist Helen Janiszewski of the University of Hawaii at Manoa.

Since that fateful day in 1980, Mount St. Helens has awoken multiple times, even as the population living in its shadow has grown. That confluence reinforces the need to keep close watch on this particular peak, and scientists have embraced that task.

“Mount St. Helens is being monitored really well,” Kiser says. “The USGS people, they’ve got that under control.”

[kuri-crocus]

Results: Good Omens season 3 wish polls

I collected some wishes I've seen fans have for season 3 and made polls out of it. Thanks to everyone for voting diligently! Making the (33!) polls, reading comments were a lot of fun to me! Here is my summary of the results. The bold answer is the most voted one. We will wait and see if some wishes come true ... As soon as season 3 is out I plan to come back for a check! I leave it to future me to make what actually happens in season 3 italic!

Prepare for a long post under the cut!

1. Do you want Aziraphale to perform the apology dance (in present day)? -765 votes-

52.5% Yes

31.6% No

15.8 % Neutral

2. Do you want Aziraphale and Crowley to end up mortal? -1046 votes-

87.7% No

9.8% Neutral

2.5% Yes

3. Do you want that Aziraphale saves Crowley at some point in season 3? -598 votes-

78.4% Yes

1.1% Neutral

4.5% No

4. Do you like God to narrate season 3 again? -529 votes-

50.3% Yes

35% Neutral

14.7% No

5. Do you like the Ineffable husbands to take custody of a (human) child? -553 votes-

54.4% No

26.9% Neutral

18.6% Yes

6. Do you want Crowley's angel name to be revealed? -1729 votes-

48.7% No

26.2% Yes

25.1% Neutral

7. What do you prefer to be Crowley's initial situation at the beginning of season 3? -432 votes-

77.3% Crowley is on his own

12.7% new leader of hell

7.2% something else. (I've read him beeing on vaction or hanging out with Nina, Maggie and Muriel)

2.8% works for hell again

8. Who makes the first step for a second kiss? -877 votes-

64.4% initiated by Aziraphale

30.9% initiated by both

2.5% no more kissing

2.2% initiated by Crowley

9. More of Angel!Crowley (without fall story) -406 votes-

51.5% Yes

26.1% Neutral

22.4% No

10. Where should the final scence with Aziraphale and Crowley take place? -527 votes-

77.4% South Down Cottage

7% The Ritz

5.1 % The Bookshop

3.4% St. James Park

3.2% Alpha Centauri

3.2 % Another location (rooftop was mentioned at least twice)

0.6% The Bentley

11. Should Aziraphale's diary have a bigger part in the plot? -307 votes-

53.1% Yes

34.2% Neutral

12.7% No

12. Would you like to see a conversation between Crowley and God? -602 votes-

49.3% Yes

27.6% No

23.1% Neutral

13. Would you like to see new angel and demon characters in season 3? -260 votes-

47.3% Yes

38.1% Neutral

14.6% No

14. Would you like it if there are more Angel x Demon couples? -359 votes-

44% Yes

28.4% Neutral

27.6% No

15. Would you like to see Crowley with long hair (present day)? -910 votes-

77% Yes

12.7% Neutral

10.2% No

16. Would you like to see Aziraphale with a beard? -359 votes-

49% No

32.6% Yes

18.4% Neutral

17. Would you like to have cameos of David's and/or Michael's family members? -318 votes-

39% Yes

34% Neutral

27% No

18. Should the historical scenes have a bigger or rather small part in the plot? -275 votes-

38.2% Neutral/anything is ok

37.1% Bigger/more like season 2

24.7% Rather small/more like season 1

19. Do you want to see the story of the great war and the fall? -287 votes-

69% Yes

17.8% No

13.2% Neutral

20. Do you want Saraquel to be an ally to Aziraphale and Crowley? -408 votes -

53.9% Yes

40.2% Neutral

5.9% No

21. Are you ready for 1941 Part 3? -713 votes-

80.8% Yes! All good things come in threes!

9.7% No, I don't need this scence to continue

9.5% Neutral

22. What is your opinion on the Ineffable Wives? -595 votes-

64.7 % Give me Fem!Azi and Fem!Crowley

25% Neutral

10.3% I don't want female presenting Azi and Crowley

23. More Bildad the Shuhite? -788 votes-

45.9% Yes

28.8% Neutral

25.3% No

24. Aziraphale takes off Crowley's sun glasses? -203 votes-

80.3% Yes

11.8% Neutral

7.9% No

25. Would you like it if Aziraphale calls Crowley "my demon" -291 votes-

43.6% Yes

30.9% No

25.4% Neutral

26. Muriel should be... -135 votes-

52.6% more prominent as in s2

43.7% as prominent as in s2

3% less prominent as in s2

0.7 % not appearing at all

27. In season 3 Muriel will wear... -151 votes-

90.1% a new earth outfit

5.3% the clothes they wear in heaven

4.6% the inspector constable costume

28. Do you want Muriel to take over the bookshop permanently? -153 votes- 

51% No

30.7% Neutral

18.3% Yes

29. More wall slamming in season 3? -190 votes-

62.6% Yes AND Aziraphale also slamming Crowley against a wall

25.3% Yes! Slam that angel against the wall!

6.3% Neutral

5.8% No more wall slamming

30. Would you like to see Aziraphale with purple eyes? -547 votes-

39.7% No

34.4% Yes

26% Neutral

31. Would you like it if Crowley calls Aziraphale "my angel"? -310 votes-

83.2% Yes

10.3% Neutral

6.5% No

32. I'd like Anathema Device and Newt Pulsifer to... -182 votes-

30.8% Every option is fine by me

29.7% only have a cameo

28.6% appear again

11% not appear at all

33. Would you like it if Aziraphale calls Crowley "Anthony"? -408 votes-

38.7% No

31.1% Neutral

30.1% Yes

[tinsyfairy]

09.19 food diary ! 🍂

*note : this is not intended to encourage anybody or follow my habits i'm just documenting my life and i want to find others who are like me :)

₊⊹ intake limit : 1.3k

₊⊹ water intake : 1.5L

₊⊹ f4st¡ng time : 18 hrs

⌗ breakfast :

– 1/2 cup of strawbs and banana (53)

– 1 apple (95)

> total : 148

⌗ lunch :

– 3 mandarins (135)

> total : 135

⌗ dinner :

– 1 apple (95)

– 1/2 cup of berries (35)

– raw honey (53)

> total : 183

other :

– applesauce pouch (60)

– sf orange jello (5)

> total : 65

☆ total : 534

☆ burned : 529 / 15k st-eps / 25 min p¡late-s

☆ net : 5

— log :

hi friendsss! today was a fruit mono and pretty busy day but i did a lot of studying and catching up on work! I did c/$ some food my mom made bc I was getting b¡nge urges luckily after I did that they went away :) I think my parents are starting to not care if I eat w them at dinner mainly because they want me to focus on school (which is awesome because they usually cook high c-l low volume stuff) they're also allowing me to have meal alternatives instead of forcing me to e-t so now I can seriously control my intake instead of just estimating (i'll try to omad dinner sometimes with them though) anyways I hope you guys all had a great day orrr I hope you have a great day:) stay safe <3