#samnite warriors

[bookloversofbath]

Roman Body Armour :: Hilary & John Travis

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 8.19 (before 1930)

295 BC – The first temple to Venus, the Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility, is dedicated by Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges during the Third Samnite War. 43 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later known as Augustus, compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. 947 – Abu Yazid, a Kharijite rebel leader, is defeated and killed in the Hodna Mountains in modern-day Algeria by Fatimid forces. 1153 – Baldwin III of Jerusalem takes control of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from his mother Melisende, and also captures Ascalon. 1458 – Pope Pius II is elected the 211th Pope. 1504 – In Ireland, the Hiberno-Norman de Burghs (Burkes) and Cambro-Norman Fitzgeralds fight in the Battle of Knockdoe. 1561 – Mary, Queen of Scots, aged 18, returns to Scotland after spending 13 years in France. 1604 – Eighty Years War: a besieging Dutch and English army led by Maurice of Orange forces the Spanish garrison of Sluis to capitulate. 1612 – The "Samlesbury witches", three women from the Lancashire village of Samlesbury, England, are put on trial, accused of practicing witchcraft, one of the most famous witch trials in British history. 1666 – Second Anglo-Dutch War: Rear Admiral Robert Holmes leads a raid on the Dutch island of Terschelling, destroying 150 merchant ships, an act later known as "Holmes's Bonfire". 1692 – Salem witch trials: In Salem, Province of Massachusetts Bay, five people, one woman and four men, including a clergyman, are executed after being convicted of witchcraft. 1745 – Prince Charles Edward Stuart raises his standard in Glenfinnan: The start of the Second Jacobite Rebellion, known as "the 45". 1745 – Ottoman–Persian War: In the Battle of Kars, the Ottoman army is routed by Persian forces led by Nader Shah. 1759 – Battle of Lagos: Naval battle during the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France. 1772 – Gustav III of Sweden stages a coup d'état, in which he assumes power and enacts a new constitution that divides power between the Riksdag and the King. 1782 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Blue Licks: The last major engagement of the war, almost ten months after the surrender of the British commander Charles Cornwallis following the Siege of Yorktown. 1812 – War of 1812: American frigate USS Constitution defeats the British frigate HMS Guerriere off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada earning the nickname "Old Ironsides". 1813 – Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's Second Triumvirate. 1839 – The French government announces that Louis Daguerre's photographic process is a gift "free to the world". 1848 – California Gold Rush: The New York Herald breaks the news to the East Coast of the United States of the gold rush in California (although the rush started in January). 1854 – The First Sioux War begins when United States Army soldiers kill Lakota chief Conquering Bear and in return are massacred. 1861 – First ascent of Weisshorn, fifth highest summit in the Alps. 1862 – Dakota War: During an uprising in Minnesota, Lakota warriors decide not to attack heavily defended Fort Ridgely and instead turn to the settlement of New Ulm, killing white settlers along the way. 1903 – The Transfiguration Uprising breaks out in East Thrace, resulting in the establishment of the Strandzha Commune. 1909 – The Indianapolis Motor Speedway opens for automobile racing. William Bourque and his mechanic are killed during the first day's events. 1920 – The Tambov Rebellion breaks out, in response to the Bolshevik policy of Prodrazvyorstka. 1927 – Patriarch Sergius of Moscow proclaims the declaration of loyalty of the Russian Orthodox Church to the Soviet Union.

[heroineimages]

Linothroax designs in Hero Forge

So using the Padded Leather Tundra Pauldrons, I spent last night and part of this morning experimenting with possible hoplite linothorax armor designs. The results were pretty mixed, but there were four designs I was pretty okay with. All of these are works in progress, so feel free to chime in with feedback.

This one features the Warrior Princess ensemble, combined with the Leather Tundra Belt. https://www.heroforge.com/load_config%3D26614229/

Test 2 features the Ornate Plate Chest Piece, which I’ve used for linothorax designs before. Though, I think the new pauldrons definitely improve the look. https://www.heroforge.com/load_config%3D27369385/

Test 3 uses the Bodice piece for a more basic look. Something for the yeoman hoplites, I suppose. https://www.heroforge.com/load_config%3D27379754/

Test 4 combines the Ninja Top with the Hammered Metal Harness for more of an Illyrian- or Samnite-style hoplite ensemble. Still working on these, so I may post new versions and prototypes as I come up with them. Feedback is welcome! https://www.heroforge.com/load_config%3D27379921/

[grandballet]

Act I Scene 1. ROMAN FORUM In the centre of the forum, there is a cage full of slaves, exhibited for the kicks of the crowd. Pompeius, a Roman general, appears in the carriage pulled by the slaves, Crixus and Spartacus.

Scene 2. BARRACKS Ares, the director of gladiators’ school, brings in some female slaves to entertain the enslaved warriors. Spartacus is charmed by one of them, Valeria, who returns his love. The attendants interrupt their meeting. Spartacus is enraged, but the forces are uneven.

Scene 3. PALACE Crassus is throwing a lavish feast. Together with courtesan Sabina, they are at the frontline of the bacchanalia. The guests urge for new entertainments. They are going to watch gladiators’ fights.

Scene 4. ARENA Crixus the Thracian defeats Pyrrhus the Nubian. Spartacus arrives among other Samnites and Thracians. At the end of the battle, Spartacus refuses to kill the last defeated rival and is about to leave the arena. However, he has broken the rules: Crassus’s soldiers rush to grab him, but Crassus delighted with his boldness stops them.

Scene 5. BARRACKS Crixus and Spartacus call for the riot: it is better to die as free people than to live in slavery. The gladiators charge onto the guards, take hold of their weapons and break free.

Scene 6. MT VESUVIUS Valeria and Spartacus see their first sunrise as free people. More and more people are coming to the camp of Spartacus: the fugitive slaves join the brave gladiators. Spartacus is chosen as their leader.

Act II Scene 7. FEAST AT SABINA’S PLACE The guards bring in the caught Crixus. Crassus challenges Crixus to fight with him and easily defeats the enslaved gladiator. Sabina seduces Crixus. Pompeius enraged by Sabina’s behavior leaves the villa. Suddenly Spartacus’s army storms in the palace. Crixus asks to have mercy upon all those present. Spartacus and Crixus argue. Spartacus and his warriors return to their camp.

Scene 8. SENATE The Senate is alarmed: the riot has embraced the whole Italy. Pompeius demands from Crassus prompt actions against Spartacus. Crassus laughs over the senators’ fears and promises to crash Spartacus and his gladiators.

Scene 9. SABINA’S ROOM Crassus and Sabina conceive a plot against Spartacus. They will ask Crixus to bring courtesans to the gladiators’ camp.

Scene 10. WOODS Shepherds are having fun with shepherdesses dressed like sheep. However, when the gladiators arrive, the shepherds choose to join the army of the rebels. Crixus brings the courtesans to the camp. Crassus and his people take advantage of the gladiators’ debauch and surround the camp. Crixus is desperate. He rushes to Spartacus and asks the gladiators’ leader to kill him. Spartacus refuses to do it and Crixus commits suicide.

Scene 11. BATTLEFIELD Spartacus finds out a numerous army is moving to his camp. The gladiator understands that the revolt is about to be crushed. He has no choice: it is better to die than to become a slave again.

Scene 12. BATTLE Spartacus is hemmed by the enemies. The revolt is crushed, gladiators are crucified. Valeria is mourning over Spartacus and his defeated brothers-in-arms.

[faedontfearthecold]

Green with age or envy or both, you were not meant to stand and tell your story, nor were you meant to be dragged from earthy rest incomplete and aching Where is your sword, soldier? Where is the clash of bronze, the taste of blood, the stench of death to keep you fighting praying bleeding in defiance of it? The war is over, once-proud warrior. Your body returned to dust and Romulus’ men long gone. So tell me, Samnite, what use is armour to buried men?

say your piece, samnite, m.m.

(in response to this museum piece)

[barbucomedie]

Bronze Triple-Disc Breastplate from Ruvo, Southern Italy dated between 400-300 BCE on display at the British Museum in London, England

This type of armour was worn by Samnite warriors and would have been matched with a backplate, side-plates and hinged shoulder plates. Livy notes that the Samnites wore two “types” of armour on the battlefield, half of them in silver and half in gold coloured armour. It was also noted that their Roman opponents did not “shine” as brightly as the Samnites in battle though this may be a romantic depiction of them in the literature.

Photographs taken by myself 2016

[osco-rabel]

"Gli Oschi (detti anche Osci o Opici), erano una popolazione indoeuropea di origine sannitica, appartenenti al gruppo osco-umbro. Con gli Osci, si identificano storicamente una pluralitá di popoli dell'Italia meridionale, popoli dediti all'agricoltura, alla pastorizia e all'artigianato, i quali, anche se non avevano un'organizzazione politica e militare, erano ritenuti molto evoluti per quei tempi. La loro forza era rappresentata dall'omogeneitá culturale, visto che comuni erano le tradizioni e la lingua parlata che era quella osca. Gli Oschi non si opposero alle successive invasioni, disinteressandosi degli eventi bellici, ma non poterono evitare un graduale processo di integrazione ed assimilazione. Dal V secolo a.C. questa popolazione fu inglobata dai Sanniti, i due gruppi si fusero per divenire una sola cosa insieme, formarono un gruppo di guerrieri temibili che dettero filo da torcere ai Romani, basta ricordare la battaglia delle Forche Caudine, importante evento della seconda guerra sannitica, in cui i Sanniti sconfissero i Romani imponendo loro l'umiliazione di passare sotto i gioghi."

Who are the Oscans ?

"The Oschi (also called Osci or Opici) were an Indo-European population of Samnite origin belonging to the Osco-Umbrian group. Historically, the Osci are a plurality of people of southern Italy devoted to agriculture, pastoralism and crafts, and, even if they did not have political and military organization, they were considered very advanced for those times. Their strength was represented by the cultural homogeneity, since the traditions and the spoken language (Oscan) were common. The Oschi did not oppose the subsequent invasions, disinterested in war events, but they could not avoid a gradual process of integration and assimilation. This population was incorporated by the Samnites from the 5th century BC; the two groups merged to become one thing together; they formed a group of fearsome warriors who gave the Romans a hard time - just remembering the Forche Caudine battle, that was an important event of the second Samnite war, in which the Samnites defeated the Romans imposing on them the humiliation of going under the yokes".

[godsavetheq]

Samnites - 388-385BCE

The Great Warriors continued on their path through Latium, capturing the town of Fregellae next. It was immediately after the capture of the town that the Samnites’ next great threat emerged, in greater strength than could have been predicted: the Hernici tribe.

While the Roman Republic had been partly pre-occupied by a war with the Sabines, their friends in the Hernici tribe had been left alone to expand their military. The Great Warriors, who’d successfully captured a succession of Roman towns, had been worn down to a significant extent, and were not prepared for a Hernici army of twice its size to attack. Despite trying to the last man, the defenders were unable to stop the Hernici. A second Hernici force which had not been weakened by the battle then went on to capture Casinum and Corfinium by storm, when there was no Samnite armuy in the area to do anything about it. The Widow Makers, previously stationed elsewhere, began recruiting elite infantry to stop the Hernici.

The Samnites had lost much to the Hernici, but they were now ready to respond with their own rebuilt forces. The Hernici attempted to cross the border into core Samnite territory, and they attacked the Widow Makers with a vastly numerically superior force - two whole armies versus one - but now the Hernici found themselves at a severe quality disadvantage. The Widow Makers, now a large army with excellent training built upon a backbone of elite Lucanian Swordsmen, was able to tear through the Hernici’s vast numbers. This victory prompted the Widow Makers to seize the town of Casinum. The Hernici regrouped their two armies and attempted to attack again, and once again their numbers failed them. Additionally, the Frentani in the north, a longtime friend of the Samnites, agreed to join the war against the Hernici.

At the same time, the southernmost Samnite town of Elea continued to bravely fend off attacks from both Croton and Taras, with the help of the Samnite navy.

A back-and-forth war with the Hernici continued, but ultimately the Hernici succumbed to the combined pressure of the Samnites and the Frentani. Meanwhile, however, Taras grew in strength as it slowly began to eliminate their enemies. At the same time, Neapolis, which had been confined only to the island city of Pithekousai, finally gathered the strength to try to attack the mainland. The attack came at Poseidonia, and Samnite forces in the nearby town of Elea had to be called upon to defend, which they did, narrowly. But the attack proved that Neapolis was indeed still a threat, and an invasion force was prepared. However, while forces in the south were busy defending Poseidonia, Elea fell to a Croton attack. Nevertheless, even as the threat in the south grew ever greater, it could be interpreted as a good sign for the Samnites that they no longer had to focus any military efforts in the north, now that the Frentani had to deal with the Roman threat.

[gamehayapkmod]

GoGo Hero: Survival Battle Royale

GoGo Hero: Survival Battle Royale

Game GoGo Hero: Survival Battle Royale là dòng game Action

Giới thiệu GoGo Hero: Survival Battle Royale

You will have a great experience with GoGo Hero - a survival battle royale game with fast-paced for mobile and PLAY FOR FREE Let’s play with friends or solo across a variety of fun modes in under 3 minutes. FEATURES - Choose your favorite characters - Play online: 12 players and 3-5 minute battles - Play so fun, free survival battle - Fight it out in survival arenas - Upgrade your characters - Enjoy free fun with friends or solo in multiplayer battle royale survival games - Become the battle royale adventure superstar in your town! CHARACTERS: Samnite Sagitarius Clavamus Chaser Bloodaxe Hoplomachus (Update more) GAME STORY: The story tells of the journey of a boy with his family moved to a new town in the '80s. Being unfamiliar with his new environment, when he discovered that there was a neighbor boy at the next door, he decided to find opportunities to get acquainted One day, following his friend into the woods near town, he found his friend being bullied, not thinking the boy rushed to help. Since then the two became best friends and the boy made many new friends. Children often play the role of warriors and battle play very happily. Especially the armor or weapons are made from close objects such as baseball rackets, catton covers, homemade slingshot ... and are completely self-made. GAMEPLAY TIPS: - Always in safe round - Upgrade characters - Collect items that fall from disqualified players for extra advantage Are you ready for an adventure with GoGo Hero? Let’s join!

Download APK

Tải APK ([app_filesize]) #gamehayapk #gameandroid #gameapk #gameupdate

[archaicwonder]

Samno-Attic Bronze Helmet, Late 5th-Early 4th Century BC

This type of helmet is so-called because of its close association with the Samnite warriors of central and southern Italy, and its derivation from the Greek Attic and Chalcidian type helmets. The form of any helmet was first and foremost functional, and its evolution was entirely dependent on the type of warfare fought and the cultural and artistic traditions of those who utilized it. Greek and Italic helmets of the fifth and fourth centuries BC, such as this example, evolved with new features to adapt to changing tactics in warfare, with the increasing importance of lighter equipment and tactical flexibility. This prompted the development of open-faced helmets, which gave the soldier greater visibility and ventilation with the inclusion of apertures for the ears. The Samno-Attic helmet was essentially a further development of the Chalcidian/Attic type that saw the disappearance of the nasal guard and a more spherical dome.

This incredibly well preserved Samno-Attic helmet retains its high-flung wings and hinged cheek-pieces, both remarkably still joined to the headpiece by the original rivets. The contoured dome was hammered from a single thick sheet, with fine carination bifurcating to a peak at the centre visor.  The surface throughout displays an exuberant dense green patina that has developed over the last two millennia.  The face is fully open, but for a short peaked vestigial nose-guard.  This stylistic innovation gave the soldier greater visibility and ventilation, allowing for tactical flexibility and increased mobility.  The helmet flares at the back along the short protective neck-guard and curves upwards to arched apertures to accommodate the soldier’s ears.  The entire periphery, including the cheek-guards, is edged with small regular perforations which would have been threaded through to join a protective leather liner.

The helmet’s specific features indicate that it belongs to the earliest versions of the type, from the late fifth to early fourth century BC. The early examples are usually undecorated, emphasizing the helmet’s inherent beauty and simplicity of form. Some examples contain crest fixtures, removable holders in the form of bronze tubes or springs, sometimes hidden behind the wings or affixed transversely across the dome, which would originally have held brightly coloured feathers. A fresco from Nola, dating to the fourth century BC, depicts Samnite soldiers wearing Samno-Attic helmets featuring a variety of different crests (National Archaeological Museum, Naples, Inv. 9363).

Helmets of this type have been found predominantly in southern Italy, in Samno-Lucanian inhabited areas of the fifth to third centuries BC. They are closely associated with the Samnite panoply, which consisted of a triple-disc or muscled cuirass, a belt and greaves, several examples of which have been found in Campania and Puglia. The Samno-Attic helmet represents the most frequently depicted headgear in Samno-Lucanian tomb paintings and Campanian pottery wares. Controlling a large swathe of Italy, from coast to coast, the Samnites were a confederation of local native Italic tribes that migrated south from central Italy in the late fifth to early fourth century BC, moving into the coastal plains and eventually occupying the entire region from Campania to the southern tip of the Italian peninsula.  In doing so, they mingled with other regional peoples and became highly influenced by Greek colonists who had already settled in the area.  Their armour reflects this conflation of styles. The Samnites were formidable warriors and they proved to be one of early Rome’s great rivals. Reflecting their military prowess and perhaps out of respect, or fear, the Romans referred to them as belliger Samnis, the warrior Samnites. In fact, the Samnites fought three bloody wars against the Roman Republic, in 343-341 BC, 326-304 BC and 298-290 BC, until they were finally quashed by the expanding Roman state.  It has been suggested that the disappearance of the Samno-Attic helmet and other culturally distinct features from the third century onwards was a marked feature of Rome’s domination of Italy.

Samno-Attic helmets can be found depicted in contemporary regional South Italian art, especially vase painting. For instance, three warriors armed in such helmets are shown on a red-figure hydria from Campania, attributed to the Ixion Painter and now in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (Inv. 1970.238, dating to the late fourth century BC). A soldier dons this type of helmet on the celebrated ‘Warrior’s Return’ fresco in the National Archaeological Museum, Paestum (Inv. 5626, early fourth century BC). Similar helmets are displayed in the National Archaeological Museum, Naples (Inv. 5741), the Louvre (Inv. 1129 C6968), and the Mougins Museum of Classical Art (Inv. 591). All are dated to the fifth to fourth century BC.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 8.19 (before 1920)

295 BC – The first temple to Venus, the Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility, is dedicated by Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges during the Third Samnite War. 43 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later known as Augustus, compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. 947 – Abu Yazid, a Kharijite rebel leader, is defeated and killed in the Hodna Mountains in modern-day Algeria by Fatimid forces. 1153 – Baldwin III of Jerusalem takes control of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from his mother Melisende, and also captures Ascalon. 1458 – Pope Pius II is elected the 211th Pope. 1504 – In Ireland, the Hiberno-Norman de Burghs (Burkes) and Anglo-Norman Fitzgeralds fight in the Battle of Knockdoe. 1561 – Mary, Queen of Scots, aged 18, returns to Scotland after spending 13 years in France. 1604 – Eighty Years War: a besieging Dutch and English army led by Maurice of Orange forces the Spanish garrison of Sluis to capitulate. 1612 – The "Samlesbury witches", three women from the Lancashire village of Samlesbury, England, are put on trial, accused of practicing witchcraft, one of the most famous witch trials in British history. 1666 – Second Anglo-Dutch War: Rear Admiral Robert Holmes leads a raid on the Dutch island of Terschelling, destroying 150 merchant ships, an act later known as "Holmes's Bonfire". 1692 – Salem witch trials: In Salem, Province of Massachusetts Bay, five people, one woman and four men, including a clergyman, are executed after being convicted of witchcraft. 1745 – Prince Charles Edward Stuart raises his standard in Glenfinnan: The start of the Second Jacobite Rebellion, known as "the 45". 1745 – Ottoman–Persian War: In the Battle of Kars, the Ottoman army is routed by Persian forces led by Nader Shah. 1759 – Battle of Lagos: Naval battle during the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France. 1772 – Gustav III of Sweden stages a coup d'état, in which he assumes power and enacts a new constitution that divides power between the Riksdag and the King. 1782 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Blue Licks: The last major engagement of the war, almost ten months after the surrender of the British commander Charles Cornwallis following the Siege of Yorktown. 1812 – War of 1812: American frigate USS Constitution defeats the British frigate HMS Guerriere off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada earning the nickname "Old Ironsides". 1813 – Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's Second Triumvirate. 1839 – The French government announces that Louis Daguerre's photographic process is a gift "free to the world". 1848 – California Gold Rush: The New York Herald breaks the news to the East Coast of the United States of the gold rush in California (although the rush started in January). 1854 – The First Sioux War begins when United States Army soldiers kill Lakota chief Conquering Bear and in return are massacred. 1861 – First ascent of Weisshorn, fifth highest summit in the Alps. 1862 – Dakota War: During an uprising in Minnesota, Lakota warriors decide not to attack heavily defended Fort Ridgely and instead turn to the settlement of New Ulm, killing white settlers along the way. 1903 – The Transfiguration Uprising breaks out in East Thrace, resulting in the establishment of the Strandzha Commune. 1909 – The Indianapolis Motor Speedway opens for automobile racing. William Bourque and his mechanic are killed during the first day's events.

[cato-uticensis]

In what way are the Romans not a proud warrior culture? Military service was seen as glorious to the Romans, it was very hard to get anywhere in politics if you weren’t a general. They believed it was thier destiny to conquer the world. They even idolized the same Heracles that the Spartans did (it’s just that they called him Hercules.) they conduct elections in the Field of Mars, the god of war.

If anything it was because of thier proud warrior spirit that the Romans succeeded. Thier tenacity, thirst for battle and refusal to surrender got them through their perilous first few centuries. If it weren’t for this they would have been crushed by a myriad of enemies, the Samnites, Pyrrhos, the Carthaginians to name the most famous ones.

I think Sparta has a similar problem to Nazi Germany – aside from war crimes and slavery I mean – and that’s that people latch on to the cool aesthetic and legends of fighting prowess and are dismayed and reluctant to accept that it’s all bullshit, there has to be something there worth saving, and there really isn’t.

[k00248510]

Went to a Monoprint workshop

Yesterday morning I signed up for a Printmaking workshop that would last a few hours in which I made a Monoprint of a Samnite Gladiator.

To me the Gladiator represents someone that you can become through the use of a video game console (micro), and enter another world in which you battle against other warriors (macro).

It was fun to try out something different for once and I'd like to go back to do more in the future.

[rbs64]

I am a Roman citizen with Samnite origins - and I married an Etruscan...

There was a time in my country’s long history when nobody could have told which one of the major ethnic groups would have prevailed on the others. The most powerful were the Etruscans, the Latins, and the Samnites. Eventually the Latins (the Romans) took over the Etruscan lands and later, after a fierce resistance, they submitted the Samnites, too. The rest of the known world followed suit.

Some believe that Rome’s name comes from the Etruscan word for the Tiber river. It is possible the Etruscans founded (or co-founded) Rome. Some of the legendary seven kings of Rome were Etruscans. The Samnites, a tough mountain people of Sabin origins, were fierce warriors and the Romans imported their fighting tactics like the legion and their gladiator games (for a while gladiator and Samnite were used as synonyms). 

I was born in Rome but my family’s origins are from the Central Apennines, a region that was once inhabited by the Samnites. My wife is from an area that used to be part of the Etruscan territory. So our son has got it all: he was born in Rome and has both Etruscan and Samnite ancestries. ;-)

[evilelitest2]

100 Days of Trump Day 64: Fallout New Vegas

Edit: Of all the 100 Days of Trump i’ve done, this one has gotten the most response, I suspect because most Alt Rightists haven’t heard of anything I reference except Fallout New Vegas.  Also they keep saying its bullshit but can’t actually point to any specific fact to dispute because you know...morons 

Welcome Back to 100 Days of Trump, where I try to explain WTF happened in 2016 through 100 works of fiction, and I think we haven’t had quite enough video games in the last three days, lets talk fallout.  Now the Fallout series has a lot of depth, good characters, fun gameplay and interesting ideas so generally I recommend all of it....except Fallout 3....and Fallout 4....and Brotherhood of Steel.....Ok really just the first two games and this one, but the point is only New Vegas is really relevant to Trump, but play the first two if you like classic RPGs.

     So everybody knows that Fallout is a post nuclear world, but the premise of the...good games is that society collapsed.....nothing really changed.  People are exactly the same just with less fancy houses and and the sins of the Old World continue on to the future.  So ok, sounds like post Great Recession America, how is this about Trump?  Well FallOut New Vegas is about the player being trapped between three factions

 Caesar's Legion, a violent reactionary sexist, racist, right wing militant extremist group who advocate racial supremacy, and a return to an idealized past that never existed.

The New Californian Republic, A bunch of corrupt moderates who couch their language in the ideals of democracy and progressive ideals but are duplicitous, warmongering, and have become increasingly sexist, racist, classist, and undemocratic but look good compared to the first group.

Mr. House, a completely amoral rich plutocrat whose utter selfishness and open hostility to submitting to any form of control are mixed with surprisingly progressive social policies and honest look at the problems.

    So New Vegas is an alternate universe if Bloomberg actually ran third party, and Trump wasn’t a complete idiot. 

Today though, I want to focus on Caesar’s Legion.  One of the themes of New Vegas is even though the US has been wiped out, everybody is clinging to symbols of the past, clinging to them out of context and justifying their actions by claiming continuity with the past.  The NCR claims to literally be the US goverment despite a century long gap between the fall of the US and the NCR’s founding, or the fact that it doesn’t use our constitution, or the fact that it is only located in California.  And its desire to seize control of all the American land means it prioritizes war over its citizen’s well being (stop me if this sounds familiar).  Mr. House is determined to preserve the culture of Las Vegas, or rather the way we imagine Las Vegas, with all of the actual realities of Vegas culture removed, its the city center without the city around it, forcibly preserved by an immortal dictator.  All the factions try to link themselves to a mystical past (a past we know is utterly whitewashed cause its our present), but the worst of them all, is Caesar’s Legion

    See, Edward Sallow was a history nut of the old world when he read about the Roman Empire, and sought to recreate it anew in post apocalyptic Nevada, arguing that since Rome is the foundation of Western Civilization, a return to true Western Greatness.  Wherever they go, they bring cultural purity, slavery, Roman era gender relations, and require absolute conformity to their way of life.  According to Caesar

“Pax Romana=It means a nationalist, imperialist, totalitarian, homo genius culture that obliterates the identity of every group it conquers.  Long term stability at all costs.  The individual has no value beyond his utility to the state, whether as an instrument of war or production”

But here is the thing, speaking as a big roman history nut.....THAT ISN’T TRUE.  Pax Romonus means “Roman Peace” and means just that, peace.  Rome was an Imperialistic, slave owning, genocidal empire that could be extraordinarily brutal, but guess what?  It wasn’t nationalistic, the Roman Empire was always borrowing ideas from other cultured cultures in order to improve their empire, it was extremely multicultural and interventionist.   I mean

   The Roman Navy was Carthaginian 

   The Roman Gods were Greek 

    Later they converted to a monotheistic Sect from Judea

    For a while they worshiped a Syrian god named Sol Invictus 

   Most of the Elites Spoke Greek

   The Roman Legionary Structure was influenced by the neighboring Samnites

   The roman Calvary was almost always Gallic, North Africa, German or Syria

    Trajan and Hadrien were Spanish

   The Severun dynasty was North African/Syrian (and btw the dynasty that most resembled New Vegas)

    The Ilyrian Emperors who saved rome from the Crisis of the Third Century AD, like Aurelian, Diocletion, Claudius Gothicus) were from the Balkans

  Constantine was Balkan/British

   Flavius Aetius (who defeated Atilla the Hun) was Scythian 

   Justinian and Belisarius weren’t Latin Roman

   Hell after a certain point, almost none of the Emperors are Roman any more, instead they are German, or Hunnic, Syrian or Raba, Spanish or African, Gaulic or Balkan, non Roman Italian, 

  In fact, one of the main reasons why Western Roman Empire fell is that it didn’t allow the various Gothic/Germanic strongmen to become Emperor in their own RIght.

    Rome was never a homogeneous unchanging culture, from Romulus to Constantine XI Roman is defined by its capacity to change and adapt, and its multi cultural empire gave it a lot of ideas to draw upon.  And when you look at White Nationalists today who fetishist Rome, it is a rome they don’t understand.    By the Way, that Hegelian view of history, that is believed by Steave Bannon. 

   Also...the transformation to dictatorship doesn’t go as Caesar claims, cause guess what?  Julius Caesar didn’t invade a foreign nation to become Emperor, he had a civil war with his own country.  And Augustus Caesar took pains to ensure that his Empire was a soft and nonthreatening as possible, the more authoritarian emperors like Septimius Severus were terrible rulers whose regimes fell into civil war and chaos.  

Also The Julians didn’t claim to be “Son of Mars” they claimed to be descended from Venus Goddess of Love, hence her role in the Aeneid.  

This is the foundation of the Roman Imperium, the Goddess of Love     

     Also Rome didn’t emerge out of a harsh brutal land to fight against the weak fat settled people, Rome emerged in Central Italy, a lush fertile climate.  Hell according to legend, Rome was founded by the refuse and exiles from all the surrounding societies, who came to Rome for a second chance and married Sabine women.  Honestly Caesar (the in game Caesar no real life, Julius Caesar) seems to be confusing Rome with Sparta, and which of those two civilizations conquered the known world?  I’ll give you a hint, it wasn’t the one with the eugenics model.  It was the one with the independent aristocracy, and a Republic who did most of the conquest of Rome.  This is a map of Rome at its height 

and this is how much of that was taken by the Republic, not the empire

That is more than half, and a great deal of the remaining was conquered by Emperor Claudius, you know, this guy?

the one with the limp and the stammer and the twitch.  The Empire mostly fought Romans, it was the Republic that did the real conquering.  To say nothing of the road building.    

    And when the Legion tries to Cosplay as Real Rome, it never quite matches the true stories. 

   This stories resembles Roman propaganda, except...Rome rarely wiped out the entire population, in fact their empire was supported by a network of client kingdoms who betrayed their former rulers to side with Rome.  One of the most important pieces of Roman rule that if you surrendered, you were treated fairly, if you fought a bit and then surrendered, you were treated well.  If you fought to the death, stuck to your principles as Vulpes implies, then you were wiped out.  Just ask the Jews at Masada how Rome respects those who fight to the last.  

    So we have a violent, militant, reactionary culture fetishistic a past that never truly existed and they don’t seem to understand to justify extreme racism, violence, and horrifying sexism in order to fight against a corrupt hypocritical but far less awful democratic regime.  Sound Familiar

oh.....well that too but also this 

   Those who idealize history are always those who understand it the least, and New Vegas for all its buggy often frustrating gameplay glory, understands what happens when history is co-opted by those who don’t understand it but wish to use the symbols of nostalgia to justify their own atrocities.  Isn’t that Right Ulysses, so named after the man who traveled the ocean for 10 year trying to find home and then freed all the Slave?

Edit: I also want to talk about this real quick

Yeah that whole “War is great for its own sake” macho bullshit?  The Romans weren’t so into that, they were much more into “Hey, work for us, and you can keep all your stuff”  There is a reason why all of the ancient rome spoke of Roman Treachery.  

    The Pax was about law and order, not about conquest and survival of the fittest, I mean the entire point of the Aenied is rejecting the Illiad’s macho warrior culture mentality

[haroldhagamanblog-blog]

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 Chapter 4

 The Roman Republic: Survival and Success

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

  1.     What is the central question of Polybius’s forty-book history?

2.     How did a single city subdue an entire world?

3.     How did the people of Italy come to believe it was their destiny to conquer Carthage?

4.     How could the Greeks persuade the Romans to adopt Greek civilization?

5.     Why did the Romans abandon their republican institutions in favor of an empire?

Answer: a

Page: 104

 2.     Politically, the Roman Republic was guided by

3.     tribunes.

4.     the patriarchy.

5.     the Senate.

6.     a monarchy.

Answer: c

Page: 104

 3.     To elevate their past, imperial Romans joined their history to that of the

4.     Persians.

5.     Egyptians.

6.     Etruscans.

7.     Greeks.

Answer: d

Page: 105

 4.     Herodotus, along with recent but contested DNA studies, suggest that the Etruscans came to Italy from

5.     Greece.

6.     Lydia.

7.     Carthage.

8.     Troy.

Answer: b

Page: 105

      5.     Which of the following statements about the Etruscan language is true?

6.     We possess no samples of Etruscan script in written form.

7.     Despite samples of Etruscan script, its precise meaning has never been deciphered.

8.     Etruscan script looks nothing like any other known script.

9.     Etruscan script will never be deciphered because there are no bilingual texts to aid in the translation.

Answer: b

Page: 105

 6.     Etruscan cities established trading and diplomatic contacts with the great Mediterranean powers, particularly with the

7.     Romans and Carthaginians.

8.     Phoenicians and Egyptians.

9.     Greeks and Carthaginians.

10.   Greeks and Iberians.

Answer: c

Page: 107

 7.     The Latins first migrated to central Italy around

8.     2000 BCE.

9.     1000 BCE.

10.   100 BCE.

11.   1000 CE.

Answer: b

Page: 107

 8.     The last three of Rome’s legendary kings were

9.     Latins.

10.   Greeks.

11.   Samnites.

12.   Etruscans.

Answer: d

Page: 108

 9.     Among the Etruscan contributions to Rome’s political and religious formation was the introduction of the practice of

10.   augury.

11.   philosophy.

12.   democratic rule.

13.   hoplite warfare.

Answer: a

Page: 108

    10.   How did the city-state of Rome succeed where the Etruscan and Greek cities failed?

11.   Rome managed to create and preserve a democratic form of government.

12.   Rome developed a strong commercial base in the eastern Mediterranean.

13.   Rome became a city that dominated and incorporated surrounding lands and peoples.

14.   Rome left an enduring cultural legacy.

Answer: c

Page: 109

 11.   The divine forces that Iron-Age Romans believed dominated their world were called

12.   the Capitoline gods.

13.   numina.

14.   fasces.

15.   haruspicy.

Answer: b

Page: 109

 12.   Why did Polybius think that the Roman Republic had a perfectly balanced form of mixed government?

13.   There was no written constitution and the Republic’s rules and practices were constantly evolving.

14.   The state fixed the calendar and sanctioned the institutionalization of archaic religious practices.

15.   Romans had developed a fully formed government designed to prevent the return of kingship.

16.   The consuls represented the monarchic principle, the Senate the oligarchic or aristocratic, and the assembly of the people the democratic.

Answer: d

Page: 109

 13.   Why did Romans divide power in their government between the two guardians of the Republic, each of whom could veto the actions of the other?

14.   to introduce a system of checks to limit the power of a single ruler

15.   to limit the consul’s term to a single year

16.   to choose magistrates to guide the state

17.   to ensure that the Roman lower classes would play no role in Roman affairs

Answer: a

Page: 110

 14.   Which of the following played a critical role in the change in Roman military strategy after 400 BCE?

15.   the rise of the Curiate and Centuriate assemblies

16.   the emergence of the phalanx as the chief body of warriors used in battle

17.   the diminishing role of the Roman lower classes in the infantry and in Roman affairs

18.   the expansion of the military power of horsemen (masters of cavalry) in the Roman military

Answer: b

Page: 110

 15.   Among the factors leading to the sheer complexity of Roman politics was the

16.   lack of political representation for Roman warriors.

17.   frequent interference of the Greeks and Etruscans in Roman affairs.

18.   rapid expansion of the Roman military.

19.   unfixed character of Rome’s unwritten constitution.

Answer: d

Page: 110

 16.   The Roman Senate was composed mostly of

17.   patricians.

18.   plebeians.

19.   equestrians.

20.   soldiers.

Answer: a

Page: 110

 17.   During this time, Rome would best be described as a(n)

18.   democracy.

19.   oligarchy.

20.   theocracy.

21.   aristocracy.

Answer: b

Page: 110

 18.   What were the two chief citizen orders into which Roman society was divided?

19.   oligarchs and plutocrats

20.   tribunes and consuls

21.   patricians and plebeians

22.   Etruscans and Latins

Answer: c

Page: 110

 19.   Among the ways aristocrats sought to maintain their pre-eminence within the Roman state was by

20.   encouraging the expansion of slavery.

21.   reminding everyone of their superior Etruscan origins.

22.   reducing the complexity of the Roman constitution.

23.   keeping plebeians in debt.

Answer: d

Page: 111

     20.   The main operating unit of the Roman world was the

21.   Senate.

22.   extended family.

23.   polis.

24.   phalanx.

Answer: b

Page: 111

 21.   The ________ was the head of the large family unit in Rome.

22.   materfamilias

23.   patrician

24.   augur

25.   paterfamilias

Answer: d

Page: 112

 22.   One of the most influential ordering forces throughout most of Roman history was the institution of

23.   clientage.

24.   plebeians.

25.   pontiffs.

26.   consuls.

Answer: a

Page: 112

 23.   In 390–387 BCE, Rome was threatened by an invasion of northern Italy by the

24.   Etruscans.

25.   Carthaginians.

26.   Gauls.

27.   Egyptians.

Answer: c

Page: 114

 24.   What people did the Romans focus on subduing after the defeat of the invading Gauls?

25.   Etruscans

26.   Latins

27.   Greeks

28.   Carthaginians

Answer: b

Page: 114