#relativistic temperature

[katjohnadams]

I fucking love Star Trek and energy because like.

Holy shit. The fucking warp core is insane. Actually fucking crazy. Let's take deuterium and anti-deuterium and fire them down massive super conductive magnet coil tubes at each other into a weird crystal that somehow interacts with subspace, use the insane amount of energy released when the deuterium and anti-deuterium mutually annihilate to break physics and let us go literally exponentially faster than light with zero time dilation.

Like, do you understand how much energy they are riding? I don't because they use measures that are actually absurd. They talk about the heat inside the warp core as being in the millions of kelvins. And like, yeah

Bro. You are standing next to that fucking thing. They literally touch it at times but the surface of the warp core is just... Room temperature. That is fucking bonkers. They are harnessing relativistic power, sometimes just to take a quick hop around the relative neighborhood.

And the "curren" warp scale? Is mad? Like, it goes from warp 1 (the speed of light) on an exponential curve to 9.9999repeating. because warp 10? You occupy all points in the universe at the same time.

AND THEN THEY FUCKING DID THAT? AND IT TURNED THEM INTO SALAMANDERS?

Like. Babes.

I love Trek.

But my people are mad.

[timberwind]

the "relativistic correction not applied" on the DOB on the ID gave me an idea: the issuing agency could make the ID contain a clock so that it tracks proper time so long as the holder keeps it on them. the clock could be something nondigital, like an ampule of tritium embedded in the ID (which could be used to make it glow for easier locating, though keeping radiologicals on something that's meant to stay on your person most of the time is a bad idea.) or some slow diffusion process (e.g. a labyrinthine lead wire with a tip of gold - you sample the age by using x-ray fluorescence to check for how far the gold has diffused along the wire. or merely characterizing the process of outgassing that the plastic exhibits. or tagging a region of the plastic by deuterating it. a lot of these techniques unfortunately have a substantial temperature coefficient)

(image being talked about can be found here)

[itsgerges]

Best Regards

The Planets Were Moving In Their Orbits Before The Sun Creation (Revised) https://app.box.com/s/dufa274dvpay3fqn6syz6sefjljfwnx9 or https://app.box.com/s/89vxxtv3hc8si245fwxpbw0ts9b126nz or https://www.tumblr.com/itsgerges/762780127698567168/the-planets-were-moving-in-their-orbits-before-the?source=share or https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/239300.html

The Sun Creation The sun is created depending on the planets motions- because- the sun rays is created by the planets motions energies- In details- Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and from this energy the sun rays is created- means- the sun is not doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays but the planets motions energies total is used to produce the sun rays– that explains why the sun corona temperature is 5 million Kelvin but the sun surface temperature is 5800 Kelvin- because the energy is not produced from the sun body but the energy comes from out of the sun body (from the planets motions energies total)- This theory is discussed based on 5 hypotheses. The First Hypothesis The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I suppose -the sun rays is produced based on this method by the gravitational waves motions and not by the sun nuclear fusion- also – I claim No star rays is produced by the nuclear fusion process but all rays are created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states. The Second Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The Third Hypothesis The gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the wave reflection causes changes for the waves properties and data- the major change is that- the reflection causes to square the wave velocity- means- the gravitational wave moves by velocity (V), if this wave is reflected, it would move by velocity (V^2) after the reflection- The gravitational waves are reflected three times in the solar system- two times in the outer planets and one time only in the inner planets- The Fourth Hypothesis The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time The rate of time use is useful because it enables to accumulate the planets motions energies during a period of time- understandable- Planet motion energy is small energy and the sun rays is massive energy and that necessitates to accumulate the planets motions energies total during a period of time to store motion energy sufficient to be used for the sun rays creation- Shortly- if the planets motions don't use rates of time, no massive motion energy can be provided and for that NO enough energy will be found to produce the sun rays-means- No light beam can be created The rate of time depends on the velocities rate Example (one hour of Mercury clock = 1.6 hours of the Earth clock) because Mercury velocity =1.6 the Earth velocity– the hypothesis is explained and proved in details

The Fifth Hypothesis Neptune Motion Causes Negative Effects On The Sun Rays Production Process are (1) Neptune motion caused the gravitational waves to be reflected two times in the outer planets where one reflection is enough for the required process- the wave reflection is repeated by Neptune negative effect on the solar system motion (2) Neptune caused to decrease the gravitational wave speed by one percent- where the gravitational wave moves by speed of light Neptune caused to decrease this speed by 1% creating a speed = (99% of the speed of light=297000 km/s) and by this speed (0.99C) the relativistic effects are created in the solar system

NOTICE The solar system is one machine performs one Job- and this Job is The Sun Rays Production - All planets motions are used as parts to perform this one Job-

The Sun Rays Production Is Done By Two Basic Tasks (1st task) The Provision Of The Sufficient Energy For The Sun Rays Production- and the sufficient energy is prepared by the motions of the five planets (Saturn- Jupiter- Venus- The Earth- The Moon – and Mars) because these five planets motions are used to create the general rate of time based on which The Sun Rays Are Created. (discussed in details in the 3rd hypothesis)

(2nd task) The mechanism by which the light beam is created- and this mechanism is the relative motion- the gravitational waves move relative to the sun point of space- by this relative motion the sun rays are created- means- the required energy is prepared and provided by the aforementioned five planets- and when the sufficient energy be provided this energy is sent to the planets which create the mechanism and the mechanism uses the sufficient energy to produce The Sun Rays The mechanism depends on the motions of 3 planets (Mercury- Venus and the moon) Specially Venus, because Venus reflects the wave toward Mars and defines its trajectory angle to create the relative motion between the wave and the sun point of space- the relative motion is discussed in details in the explanation of the (first and second hypotheses)  The Explanation Of The First And Second Hypotheses

Let's remember The 1st Hypothesis This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam – I suppose (The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Nuclear Fusion -Also All Stars Rays Are Created By This Method And No Rays Is Created By The Nuclear Fusion Process) And –The 2nd Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The two hypotheses explain how the sun rays creation depends on the planets motions because The Sun Rays Are Produced By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies as the article states AND The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- The two hypotheses are discussed together in 4 Points

First Point (The Gravitational Waves Source)

The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- I provide 2 major proves for this hypothesis which are- (1st proof/ Planet Motion Energy Analysis) and (2nd proof /The Sun Gravitational Field Refutation)

1st Proof / Planet Motion Energy Analysis Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2), Let's ask, where's Planet motion energy? the planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as the fish swimming creates waves in the water the planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see this picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal the planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions energies create waves in the space where each wave moves by velocity equal its planet velocity – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s why? The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit- Note- the moon velocity is 27.8 km/s BUT the Earth and the moon revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity should be considered equal the earth velocity relative to (the sun) – The 1st Proof Conclusion The Planet Motion Energy Creates Waves In The Space Means - The Space Must Have Moving Waves Now -the scientists had discovered waves in the space- And- they considered these waves are produced by The Sun Gravitational Field – BUT Why? The planet motion energy analysis proves the waves must be produced by the planets motions energies- Now let's refute the sun gravitational field theory- the refutation gives support for the conclusion that – the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and NOT by the gravitational field because there's NO Gravitational field.

2nd Proof / The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following (1) The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time- (2) No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity – Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner creation and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion- Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered in the paper abstract and discussions. (3) The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon- (4) The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the initial conditions)- all these are nonsense clearly- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on the planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- let's see it Planet orbital distance equation (my 1st equation) d^2= 4do (d-do) where d= planet orbital distance and do= its neighbor distance

Example- Venus orbital distance (108.2)2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3) d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance d0= 57.9 million km = Mercury Orbital Distance 50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury Venus Depends On Mercury

All planets orbital distances are defined based on their previous neighbor planets orbital distances- the equation is correct perfectly and all planets orbital distances are defined by it- my paper tests and discusses this equation Shortly- planet mass has no any effect on this planet orbital distance definition. Notice Planet orbital distance definition depends on its neighbor orbital distance this fact is proved by many other different methods my equation is one method only of them, all these methods don't use any planet mass- all planets orbits are defined based on their neighbor orbits- (Please note- Newton gravitation equation is wrong- I don't critic it by many critics to short the discussion- but- the fact is that- the light beam created all planets orbits before any planet creation- the light created each planet orbit depends on its neighbor orbit- I prove this fact in the paper discussion- logically this fact kills the gravitation equation because the orbit is created before the planet creation) Notice -Newton is so far from the truth- let's give one more example- Newton told us planet moves by the sun mass gravity- the fact is that- the Sun itself is created by the planets motions energies- that's why Newton ideas are not interesting for discussion because his ideas are imaginary have no part of truth- (5) Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- I define planet velocity in the explanation of the 3rd hypothesis- planet velocity is defined by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in this planet velocity definition.

The 2nd Proof Conclusion The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Gravitational Field- Also-There's No Gravitational Field At All

Second Point (The Gravitational Waves Nature Analysis) Let's ask (1) If The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- How Can The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light While The Planets Move By Low Velocities? Or Generally– regardless the gravitational waves source- how can the gravitational waves move by speed of light? From where the energy is provided to enable the waves to move by the speed of light? (2) Can the gravitational waves be reflected in the solar system? what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties, features and nature? (3) Can the gravitational waves energy be increased? Means can one gravitational wave move by low velocity and this wave motion is accelerated to move by high velocity motion? again from what source the energy is provided and how the acceleration is done? (4) If the gravitational waves are produced by the same gravitational field (The physics book states "the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field") does that mean all gravitational waves move by equal velocities? can some waves move faster than the others? why and how? (5) If the planets data are reflected on each other – can we discover the geometrical reason behind this features? Planet velocity is example where the velocities are defined by the rule (v1v2= constant) this rule tells the velocities are reflected on one another- why the velocities are reflected on each other? what's the geometrical reason behind? suppose the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system, why this cause the planets data to be reflected on each other?

(6) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Because the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light) but the waves moves by speed of light only (C=300000 km/s) how the value (C^2) can be produced by the waves motions? (7) If the gravitational waves produce a light beam, does that mean the waves use electric field to produce this light beam? Is there another method to produce a light beam doesn't use electric field or charges? (8) If the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system can we discover that? can we prove that? and can we know in what planet orbit the reflection is done and if the waves are reflected many times?

The Gravitational Waves Properties, Features and nature Here I compare between the two theories about the gravitational waves source and their effects on the waves properties- 1st Theory (The Physics Book Theory) The physics book states, the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field- this theory tells little about the gravitational waves properties and nature because the mass gravity concept is puzzled and not understood for that the waves properties and features are puzzled also- let's test this idea- In The Sun gravitational field theory no one knows how the mass gravity force works and if the gravity needs time to work- or if the gravity creates a geometrical design to practice the effect of one mass on the other- the mechanism is not clear and for that the gravitational waves are not clear- for example – no one knows why the gravitational waves can move by speed of light or what waves move by this speed and in what planet orbit or if the wave motion velocity is accelerated gradually from low velocity to high velocity– we shortly know nothing about these gravitational waves- let's ask more questions- are these waves reflected and what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties and nature- where do these waves go? And what's the useful result of these waves energy? can these waves energy be used at all? are there just moving energy in space without an useful goal or result? And The new article tells the gravitational waves move by speed of light can produce a light beam? How these waves can produce a light beam by their motion? DEEP ANALYSIS I wish the respectful reader notices the major change in vision by this article-because- the physics book states the sun rays is produced by the sun nuclear fusion- here- the source of energy is the sun mass and the used method is the sun nuclear fusion- and the light beam is produced Let's put the new article here again This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- the light beam is created by the gravitational waves motions- the article tells- the light beam can be produced by the Motion Energy – The article tells (The High Velocity Motion Can Produce A Light Beam)- here the article removed simply The Sun Nuclear Fusion Machine- the whole machine be useless because the light beam can be produced by (the motion energy)- I wish the respectful reader sees the miracle and wonder behind- There are 2 major changes (1st Change) The source of energy The source of energy is the motion energy– No longer the sun mass be used as the sun rays source of energy- BUT – the motion energy is used as the source of energy – here- the fatal error of the sun nuclear fusion theory is seen clearly – because- the solar system is so rich in motion energy- the moving planets since thousands of years provide massive motion energy stored in the space- and by that- the solar system is very rich system in the motion energy- and we should ask (why do we need an outer source of energy?) why the solar system doesn't use its massive motion energy to produce the light beam? Also if the massive motion energy is not used- where's this massive energy? because it can cause continuous risk for the soalr system stability if no way to use this stored massive energy The sun nuclear fusion theory is completely wrong because it doesn't see the massive motion energy stored in the solar system (2nd Change) the light beam production machine The gravitational waves motions can produce the light beam- this is stated by the article but how? by what method the gravitational waves can produce the light beam? The article doesn't explain how the gravitational waves can produce a light beam? But I put an explanation for this method in my theory discussion

2nd Theory (My Theory) I suppose the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- let's remember my theory because we will use it in the waves properties discussion I asked –where any moving body produce energy by its motion =(1/2 mv^2), where's Planet motion energy? The planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as fish swimming creates waves in the water planet motion energy creates waves in the space- means planet moves and creates waves in space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity by that- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves in the space and creates waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions create waves move by these planets velocities – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s = the planets velocities total

I explained this theory before in more details- now – let's discover the gravitational waves properties and features in details- let's put this analysis in the next point (third point) because we need to analyze the wave reflection process to discover the waves properties and features

Third Point (The Gravitational Waves Reflection)

Let's ask Question No.(1) If the gravitational waves move by velocity 205.8 km/s, how can they move by speed of light? How the velocity 205.8 km/s can be accelerated to be 300000 km/s (speed of light) and where this acceleration is done? Another question can help greatly this discussion Question No.(2) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light (C=300000 Km/S)- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Let's think how to answer this question- these gravitational waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) but the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light)- means- the wave velocity is squared- and how can the wave velocity to be squared? This feature I have discovered in the solar system- the waves are reflected and the reflection causes to square the velocities- means- the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the gravitational waves before the reflection moved by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) and the reflection causes the velocity to be squared- by that- after the reflection the gravitational waves speed is squared and changed from the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) to be (C^2= squared speed of light) and the light beam is created from this value (C^2) Means- the waves reflection is the method by which the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) is changed into (C^2)- that means- without the waves reflection NO light beam can be created. Notice– the waves reflection is proved strongly in the solar system because it causes to reflect the planets data- means- huge amount of planets data proves the waves reflection–we may remember one example – planet velocity is defined by the rule (v1v2=constant) this rule proves the planets velocities are reflected on each other The paper provides hundreds of similar data proves the waves reflection AND The waves reflection causes to square the velocity- this feature is repeated in the solar system frequently – because- the waves are reflected three times in the solar system for that the velocity squaring is a feature repeated with each reflection and by that the planets data provides a strong proof for it- Shortly- The waves reflection causes to square the velocities- now- let's use this feature to know how the unified wave its velocity (205.8 km/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)- (Please note this unified wave is the gravitational wave)

The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light The unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by 205.8 km/s and it's reflected, the waves reflection causes to square the velocities (205.8 km/s)^2 = 42683 km/s Means the unified wave after the reflection moves by a velocity 42683 km/s BUT If a particle moves by speed (=0.99 C=297000 km/s), this high velocity motion causes to create relativistic effects specially Lorentz length contraction effect with rate 7.1 Means- the distances should be contracted by the rate 7.1 BUT The waves reflection causes to reflect the geometrical effects and by that the rate (7.1) will cause to increase the length in place of the length contraction- means- the distances will be increased with (7.1) as a result for Lorentz length contraction effect The velocity 42683 km/s will be 42683 x 7.1 = 300000 km/s (Speed Of Light) That explains how the gravitational waves move by (205.8 k/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) NOTICE No. (1) Please note the important observation Without 7.1 the velocity will be only 42683 km/s (even after the waves reflection) and NOT the speed of light That tells- the light beam production process depends on the previous light beam production process- means- a motion by (99%) of speed of light should be found before the wave reflection occurrence and without this motion with (0.99 C) the gravitational waves can't move by speed of light because we need a source for Lorentz length contraction effect with rate (7.1) That tells the light production process is done in chain process, the new light beam production depends on the old light beam and if this dependency is removed the gravitational waves can NOT move by the speed of light and No light beam can be created in this case NOTICE No. (2) We need to pay more attention for the importance of the motion by the speed of light- because the technique of the machine depends on the waves reflection- means- the waves can increase its velocity only by the reflection process – now the reflection causes to square the velocities- this is very important news why?? Because - If the waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s), the waves reflection will produce the value (C^2= squared speed of light) and from this value the light beam can be produced Now – suppose the wave velocity is less than speed of light- suppose the wave moves by speed = (90%) of the speed of light= (270000 km/s) - the waves reflection will square this speed that will produce (0.81 C^2) which is NOT (C^2= squared speed of light) and as a result No Light Beam Can Be Produced (CONT) Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292 Physics Department- Physics & Mathematics Faculty Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow

E-mail mrwaheid@gmail.com, mrwaheid1@yahoo.com gergesgerges@yandex.ru ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-7147 Facebook https://www.facebook.com/gergis.tawadrous VK https://vk.com/id696655587 Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/blog/itsgerges Livejournal https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/profile Pocket https://getpocket.com/@646g8dZ0p3aX5Ad1bsTr4d9THjA5p6a5b2fX99zd54g221E4bs76eBdtf6aJw5d0?src=navbar box https://app.box.com/s/47fwd0gshir636xt0i3wpso8lvvl8vnv Academia https://rudn.academia.edu/GergesTawadrous publications http://vixra.org/author/gerges_francis_tawdrous Slideshare https://www.slideshare.net/Gergesfrancis

[goshenightie]

Not a lot of people pay attention to this, but most Nanook's/Destruction's blessings in the Simulated Universe are Astronomy related!!

Let's start from the 1 star blessings (not gonna add images because the MAX is 10 images lmao):

Eternally Collapsing Object

(This blessing could be a reference to) The magnetospheric eternally collapsing object (MECO) is an alternative model for black holes initially proposed by Indian scientist Abhas Mitra in 1998 and later generalized by American researchers Darryl J. Leiter and Stanley L. Robertson. A proposed observable difference between MECOs and black holes is that a MECO can produce its own intrinsic magnetic field. An uncharged black hole cannot produce its own magnetic field, though its accretion disk can.

Instability Strip

The unqualified term instability strip usually refers to a region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram largely occupied by several related classes of pulsating variable stars: Delta Scuti variables, SX Phoenicis variables, and rapidly oscillating Ap stars (roAps) near the main sequence; RR Lyrae variables where it intersects the horizontal branch; and the Cepheid variables where it crosses the supergiants.

Orbital Redshift

(This blessing could be a reference to) The main causes of electromagnetic redshift in astronomy and cosmology are the relative motions of radiation sources, which give rise to the relativistic Doppler effect, and gravitational potentials, which gravitationally redshift escaping radiation. All sufficiently distant light sources show cosmological redshift corresponding to recession speeds proportional to their distances from Earth, a fact known as Hubble's law that implies the universe is expanding.

Primordial Black Hole

In cosmology, primordial black holes (PBHs) are hypothetical black holes that formed soon after the Big Bang. In the inflationary era and early radiation-dominated universe, extremely dense pockets of subatomic matter may have been tightly packed to the point of gravitational collapse, creating primordial black holes without the supernova compression typically needed to make black holes today. Because the creation of primordial black holes would pre-date the first stars, they are not limited to the narrow mass range of stellar black holes.

(I'm gonna skip the two star blessings because I don't think there's any Astronomy related ones?)

Universal Heat Death Characteristic

The heat death of the universe (also known as the Big Chill or Big Freeze) is a hypothesis on the ultimate fate of the universe, which suggests the universe will evolve to a state of no thermodynamic free energy, and will therefore be unable to sustain processes that increase entropy. Heat death does not imply any particular absolute temperature; it only requires that temperature differences or other processes may no longer be exploited to perform work. In the language of physics, this is when the universe reaches thermodynamic equilibrium.

Non-Inverse Antimatter Equation

E=mc2

The story of antimatter begins (again) with Einstein and his famous formula: E=mc2. It means that energy and mass are interchangeable - so mass can be transformed to energy (as in stars), or energy into mass. And this has huge consequences.

Resonance Interplay: Protostar

A protostar is a very young star that is still gathering mass from its parent molecular cloud. It is the earliest phase in the process of stellar evolution. For a low-mass star (i.e. that of the Sun or lower), it lasts about 500,000 years.

Resonance Interplay: Zero Age Main sequence

zero-age main sequence: a line denoting the main sequence on the H–R diagram for a system of stars that have completed their contraction from interstellar matter and are now deriving all their energy from nuclear reactions, but whose chemical composition has not yet been altered substantially by nuclear reaction.

Resonance Interplay: Substellar Belt

A substellar object, sometimes called a substar, is an astronomical object, the mass of which is smaller than the smallest mass at which hydrogen fusion can be sustained (approximately 0.08 solar masses). This definition includes brown dwarfs and former stars similar to EF Eridani B, and can also include objects of planetary mass, regardless of their formation mechanism and whether or not they are associated with a primary star.

Resonance Formation: Event Horizon

We can think of the event horizon as the black hole's surface. Inside this boundary, the velocity needed to escape the black hole exceeds the speed of light, which is as fast as anything can go. So whatever passes into the event horizon is doomed to stay inside it – even light.

Resonance Formation: Extreme Helium Flash

A helium flash is a very brief thermal runaway nuclear fusion of large quantities of helium into carbon through the triple-alpha process in the core of low-mass stars (between 0.8 solar masses (M☉) and 2.0 M☉) during their red giant phase. The Sun is predicted to experience a flash 1.2 billion years after it leaves the main sequence. A much rarer runaway helium fusion process can also occur on the surface of accreting white dwarf stars.

Resonance Formation: Cataclysmic Variable

Cataclysmic variables (CVs) are binary star systems that have a white dwarf and a normal star companion. They are typically small – the entire binary system is usually the size of the Earth-Moon system – with an orbital period of 1 to 10 hours.

(Sources are all from Wikipedia and the official Nasa website, but correct me if i got some of it wrong^^)

[https-entity]

GenderBlackHole

This is a gender identity derivative from GenderVoid and Agender. The place of the Gender you feel that it is a void, there's nothing in your gender place, you can't feel gender, but you can explain it as a Black Hole.

To make you understand this Genderlessness, let's use the anatomy of a Black Hole

The black hole is separated into 4 parts but can sometimes have 5 parts

The Accretion Disk - This is full of matter in the form of gas and dust. It's like a big gas cloud. As it moves, it releases ultraviolet rays, infrared rays and x-rays, which are other types of light that we cannot see.

And because of the x-rays that we detected the first black hole. When we look at a black hole with equipment that detects x-rays, we can see beyond the light, we see temperature.

The Ergosphere - Which is where the matter that is about to disappear into the hole keeps always spinning in the same direction, just like water around a drain.

The Event Horizon - There is the border where what we can observe and what we cannot. Any matter in the ergosphere that goes beyond the event horizon can no longer escape gravity, this will be swallowed into the black hole where it will never be seen again.

The Singularity - It's like a dark star. And that's what causes that massive gravitational field of a Black Hole. That has so much mass in such a small space that the density of this is mathematically infinite.

X-Ray Pulses/Relativistic Jet - Some black holes have x-ray pulses, which are emitted by gas that appears to be escaping from them, but it just seems like an impression. Scientists believe that these pulses comes from accretion disk material who managed to gather speed to escape gravity before getting too close to the black hole

And what does this have to do with this genderlessness?

Simply put: this genderlessness has a structure similar to that of a black hole.

Black Holes are the things that are most related to the Void itself, since there's nothing known inside them beside their singularity (which is the why its a Black point)

This genderlessness can feel connected with existing genders that could be them, but they cannot explain the void nor fill the void. It can be the gases being the genders/fragments of the genders that the genderlessness feel connected or just liked that where attracted them because liked them and use them as a label.

But while at the center (the singularity) is a void, a hole. This genderlessness is not demi, but the person wants to use the labels and feel connected to them, but their gender is a void.

While the Relativist Jet is their gender presentation. Be they presenting themself as a man or a woman or just in a non-binary way.

Everyone is free to remake the flag to make it more accessible or just use it on other gender systems like genderfuckoff and others. Just remember to remain it void.

Also, it is NOT a Xenogender, so please don't tag as such.

Tagging: @caeliangel, @batpoisonz, @genderstarbucks

A/N: It's been months since I made this drabble, yes, I'm posting now, when the blog hasn't even finished, but I don't want to gatekeep my coinings anymore

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer helps researchers determine shape of black hole corona

New findings using data from NASA's IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer) mission offer unprecedented insight into the shape and nature of a structure important to black holes called a corona. The findings are published in The Astrophysical Journal.

A corona is a shifting plasma region that is part of the flow of matter onto a black hole, about which scientists have only a theoretical understanding. The new results reveal the corona's shape for the first time, and may aid scientists' understanding of the corona's role in feeding and sustaining black holes.

Many black holes, so named because not even light can escape their titanic gravity, are surrounded by accretion disks, debris-cluttered whirlpools of gas. Some black holes also have relativistic jets—ultra-powerful outbursts of matter hurled into space at high speed by black holes that are actively eating material in their surroundings.

Less well known, perhaps, is that snacking black holes, much like Earth's sun and other stars, also possess a superheated corona. While the sun's corona, which is the star's outermost atmosphere, burns at roughly 1.8 million degrees Fahrenheit, the temperature of a black hole corona is estimated at billions of degrees.

Astrophysicists previously identified coronae among stellar-mass black holes—those formed by a star's collapse—and supermassive black holes such as the one at the heart of the Milky Way galaxy.

"Scientists have long speculated on the makeup and geometry of the corona," said Lynne Saade, a postdoctoral researcher at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, and lead author of the new findings. "Is it a sphere above and below the black hole, or an atmosphere generated by the accretion disk, or perhaps plasma located at the base of the jets?"

Enter IXPE, which specializes in X-ray polarization, the characteristic of light that helps map the shape and structure of even the most powerful energy sources, illuminating their inner workings even when the objects are too small, bright, or distant to see directly. Just as we can safely observe the sun's corona during a total solar eclipse, IXPE provides the means to clearly study the black hole's accretion geometry, or the shape and structure of its accretion disk and related structures, including the corona.

"X-ray polarization provides a new way to examine black hole accretion geometry," Saade said. "If the accretion geometry of black holes is similar regardless of mass, we expect the same to be true of their polarization properties."

IXPE demonstrated that, among all black holes for which coronal properties could be directly measured via polarization, the corona was found to be extended in the same direction as the accretion disk—providing, for the first time, clues to the corona's shape and clear evidence of its relationship to the accretion disk. The results rule out the possibility that the corona is shaped like a lamppost hovering over the disk.

The research team studied data from IXPE's observations of 12 black holes, among them Cygnus X-1 and Cygnus X-3, stellar-mass binary black hole systems about 7,000 and 37,000 light-years from Earth, respectively, and LMC X-1 and LMC X-3, stellar-mass black holes in the Large Magellanic Cloud more than 165,000 light-years away.

IXPE also observed a number of supermassive black holes, including the one at the center of the Circinus galaxy, 13 million light-years from Earth, and those in galaxies NGC 1068 and NGC 4151, 47 million light-years away and nearly 62 million light-years away, respectively.

Stellar mass black holes typically have a mass roughly 10 to 30 times that of Earth's sun, whereas supermassive black holes may have a mass that is millions to tens of billions of times larger. Despite these vast differences in scale, IXPE data suggests both types of black holes create accretion disks of similar geometry.

That's surprising, said Marshall astrophysicist Philip Kaaret, principal investigator for the IXPE mission, because the way the two types are fed is completely different.

"Stellar-mass black holes rip mass from their companion stars, whereas supermassive black holes devour everything around them," he said. "Yet the accretion mechanism functions much the same way."

That's an exciting prospect, Saade said, because it suggests that studies of stellar-mass black holes—typically much closer to Earth than their much more massive cousins—can help shed new light on properties of supermassive black holes as well.

The team next hopes to make additional examinations of both types.

Saade anticipates there's much more to glean from X-ray studies of these behemoths.

"IXPE has provided the first opportunity in a long time for X-ray astronomy to reveal the underlying processes of accretion and unlock new findings about black holes," she said.

IMAGE: This illustration of material swirling around a black hole highlights a particular feature, called the “corona,” that shines brightly in X-ray light. In this depiction, the corona can be seen as a purple haze floating above the underlying accretion disk, and extending slightly inside of its inner edge. The material within the inner accretion disk is incredibly hot and would glow with a blinding blue-white light, but here has been reduced in brightness to make the corona stand out with better contrast. Its purple color is purely illustrative, standing in for the X-ray glow that would not be obvious in visible light. The warp in the disk is a realistic representation of how the black hole’s immense gravity acts like an optical lens, distorting our view of the flat disk that encircles it. Credit: NASA/Caltech-IPAC/Robert Hurt

[rigelregent]

Here is a reference sheet for a spaceship, the Blue Dawn, an exploratory vessel. It started out as a stationary Bernal sphere inhabited by Akina until they was offered the chance to explore the cosmos, the bridge came with an AI to help the crew. At the time, it only had a single food production ring, with more being added as the crew grew and other species were discovered. Crew tend to go on space walks and draw on the hull, sometimes doing large scale artwork, eventually covering most of the hull with graffiti. The numbered components are these: 1. Whipple shield, it is silvery with a black spiral painted into it; 2. Bridge, installed on the habitat at the same time as the thrusters and fuel tank and later upgraded by the Pale Spires with a biological brain into which the ship's AI was downloaded, someone laser engraved their name into it; 3. Frontal sensor array, allows the Blue Dawn to «*see*» directly in front of it, it is heavily shielded and has redundant components; 4. Extendable sensor clusters, contain the more sensitive sensors and retract behind the shield when traveling at relativistic speeds; 5. Food production and alien accommodations, they possess advanced life support systems to house various alien species as comfortably as possible; 6. High gravity accommodations, for those who prefer higher gravity, installed before the other two rings around the original food production facility; 7. Bernal sphere, the original habitat, its interior is a cool and urban with high humidity and an average temperature of 40-45ºC and extensive gardens of home world fauna and flora, it also contains many fuel tanks which serve as radiation shielding; 8. Hangar ring, this is where shuttles, probes and drones are made, repaired and maintained; 9. External fuel tank, not much to say apart that it is internally divided to prevent sloshing and excessive fuel loss if punctured and it has a target painted on it; 10. Main thruster, powered by monopole catalysed fusion and baryon decay, it emits a prodigious amount of radiation; 11. RCS, same technology as the main thruster, but smaller and able to be aimed to some degree. !!Attention, the radiators have been omitted.

[sukimas]

You commented "we use relativistic effects to understand how Mercury is liquid", could you please explain how so? (Apologies, I don't know quite so much about chemistry in particular beyond Gen Chem)

Okay, so, all of the elements with full d orbitals experience relativistic effects to an extent. Because a full set of d orbitals is fairly small for the number of electrons in it, the electrons that go close to the nucleus experience very, very high speeds when repelling each other- close to the speed of light. Due to these high speeds, the Schrodinger equation breaks down and we have to pull out the Dirac equation. Dirac equation sez that because the electrons are moving too quickly, they'll not be able to interact with other electrons as much, and will have less solid-like behavior at the same temperature as other comparable metals. (Solids are solids because of relatively stable bonds between atoms; if the electrons can't interact for long, they can't form those stable bonds as well, or sometimes at all.)

These effects are present in all of mercury's group- zinc has a melting point of ~420 degrees C, compared to its neighbor copper, which bears one of 1085 degrees, and nickel, with one of 1455 degrees. (Scandium, furthest to the left in the d-block, has a melting point of 1541 degrees, so it's not necessarily like it's going up infinitely).

Mercury, though, because it's got the heaviest nucleus and the most electrons of the gang, accelerates its particles closest to the speed of light, and therefore has the fewest chances to interact with other atoms of mercury. Thus, melts at -40 C. Most of "why is this solid/liquid at X temperature" has to do with how strong its interactions are with other atoms; various things control this, but in metals, electron speed is a pretty notable one.

[kny111]

Are Some Black Holes Wormholes In Disguise? Gamma-Ray Blasts May Shed Clues

I’ve recently in my spare time been doing some reading and reviewing on supermassive black holes, relativistic jets and wormholes especially after noticing that the supermassive black hole in the movie ‘Interstellar’ didn’t have an astrophysical jet which is required for a black hole to be supermassive. This had me thinking, where else were there any inconsistencies with our main views of black holes and quasars? What are the differences between them and what makes them a quasar?

Are there some that connect with each other at different dimensionalities beyond that of our own cosmos like what occurs with hyper-black holes or are their physics perfectly accountable for within current cosmology’s explanations without hyperdimensionality explanations?

The difficulty in even figuring this out in acquiring any data and what that data looks like is it’s so difficult to spot a black hole let a alone a wormhole. In this article from Space, writers try to figure out if any such connection occurs by observing the outbursts from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) which are a type of supermassive black hole heavier than those at our own galactic center. These are helpful for this type of study because the temperatures the gamma ray bursts they release can be quantified and better understood. Here’s more from the article:

Unusual flashes of gamma rays could reveal that what appear to be giant black holes are actually huge wormholes, a new study finds.

Wormholes are tunnels in space-time that can theoretically allow travel anywhere in space and time, or even into another universe. Einstein's theory of general relativity suggests wormholes are possible, although whether they really exist is another matter.

In many ways, wormholes resemble black holes. Both kinds of objects are extremely dense and possess extraordinarily strong gravitational pulls for bodies their size. The main difference is that no object can theoretically come back out after crossing a black hole's event horizon — the threshold where the speed needed to escape the black hole's gravitational pull exceeds the speed of light — whereas any body entering a wormhole could theoretically reverse course.

Assuming wormholes might exist, researchers investigated ways that one might distinguish a wormhole from a black hole. They focused on supermassive black holes with masses millions to billions of times that of the sun, which are thought to dwell at the hearts of most, if not all, galaxies. For example, at the center of our Milky Way galaxy lies Sagittarius A*, a monster black hole that is about 4.5 million solar masses in size.

Anything entering one mouth of a wormhole would exit out its other mouth. The scientists reasoned that meant that matter entering one mouth of a wormhole could potentially slam into matter entering the other mouth of the wormhole at the same time, a kind of event that would never happen with a black hole.

Any matter falling into a mouth of a supermassive wormhole would likely travel at extraordinarily high speeds due to its powerful gravitational fields. The scientists modeled the consequences of matter flowing through both mouths of a wormhole to where these mouths meet, the wormhole's "throat." The result of such collisions are spheres of plasma expanding out both mouths of the wormhole at nearly the speed of light, the researchers said.

"What surprises me most of all is that no one has proposed this idea before, because it is rather simple," study lead author Mikhail Piotrovich, an astrophysicist at the Central Astronomical Observatory in Saint Petersburg, Russia, told Space.com.

The researchers compared the outbursts from such wormholes with those from a kind of supermassive black hole known as an active galactic nucleus (AGN), which can spew out more radiation than our entire galaxy does as they devour matter around them, and do so from a patch of space no larger than our solar system. AGNs are typically surrounded by rings of plasma known as accretion disks and can emit powerful jets of radiation from their poles.

Full Article: Are Some Black Holes Wormholes In Disguise? Gamma-Ray Blasts May Shed Clues

[ultramet3]

No.77 Iridium - the goddess of the rainbow in platinum group

Iridium is one of the least abundant elements in the earth's crust, about one-fortieth the amount of gold.

The elements Iridium and Osmium were discovered simultaneously in 1803 by the British chemist Smithson Tennant.Born in Selby in 1761, Yorkshire, Tennant had studied medicine when he was young, but found it unaccommodated to be a doctor after graduation and finally turned to study chemistry. In 1785, at the age of 23, Tennant was elected a fellow of the Royal Society and kept digging in the field of chemistry. He made a quantitative analysis of diamond combustion experiments in 1976, which confirmed the surprising conclusion that diamond and graphite were isomers.Tenant passed away in 1815 on a bridge, near Boulogne-sur-mer, France, which collapsed while he was riding across it.

(Smithson Tennant)

Iridium has also been implicated in an ancient Earth extinction event.Iridium is found in very small amounts in the Earth's crust, but scientists have found it very high levels in sediments at the end of the Cretaceous and the top Tertiary period (about 65 million years ago) where the dinosaurs died out, hundreds of times higher than its natural abundance in the earth's crust. At the same time, asteroids contain a lot of iridium. According to these, the American physicist Luis Walter Alvarez hypothesized that an asteroid impact wiped out 70 percent of all plant and animal species on Earth, including all non-avian dinosaurs and that much of the iridium in the Earth's crust today also came from it.Then a similar size crater, Chicxulub Crater, was discovered in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, besides, no dinosaur fossils have been found at the K-Pg boundary. Multiple clues further support the Alvarez hypothesis.

In modern times, iridium oxides have also attracted a lot of interest over the past 10-15 years. As a heavy transition metal element with a half-filled 5d electron orbital, in theory, its oxide should exhibit metallic conductivity. However, due to relativistic effects (spin–orbit interaction) on the electron shell structure, many iridium oxides behave as insulator. These insulators have been predicted to exhibit strange electromagnetic phenomena.Compounds isolated from iridium are also of interest to the chemical community. In this compound, iridium reaches a valence of +9, the highest known oxidation state, which has never been found before. This also makes iridium the element with the widest range of oxidation states (from -3 to +9 valence).

Iridium also has excellent performance in terms of physical properties, having the second highest density (22.56 g /cm³) of all elements, only slightly lower than osmium, and the second highest melting point at 2450℃. At the same time, iridium has strong and outstanding resistance to corrosion and high temperatures, making it ideal for use in spark plugs and engine parts in the aerospace industry. Iridium is extremely scarce around the world. It is produced mainly as a byproduct of electrolytic refining of copper and nickel, only three tons a year, making it expensive.

Iridium’s  pronounce “Yi” in Chinese is the same as the one of the number “one” , which can be derived into the meaning of "always", symbolizing the persistence and pursuit of love, ideal, career and life, as well as the loyalty, unswerving and unchanging style of the Chinese people. With these special meaning, therefore, iridium metal is gradually used in the jewelry industry, and a large number of iridium jewelry has come into the public eye.

If you want to know more about our rare metal jewelry, please follow us or contant me directly.

Whatsapp:+86 17853500015

Email: sales@ultramet.com.cn

[the-absolute-worst]

Problematic kinks matter occurs when the Pauli exclusion principle significantly alters a state of matter at low temperature. The term is used in astrophysics to refer to dense stellar objects such as white dwarfs and neutron stars, where thermal pressure alone is not enough to avoid gravitational collapse. The term also applies to metals in the Fermi gas approximation.

Problematic kinks matter is usually modelled as an ideal Fermi gas, an ensemble of non-interacting fermions. In a quantum mechanical description, particles limited to a finite volume may take only a discrete set of energies, called quantum states. The Pauli exclusion principle prevents identical fermions from occupying the same quantum state. At lowest total energy (when the thermal energy of the particles is negligible), all the lowest energy quantum states are filled. This state is referred to as full problematic kinky. This problematic kinky pressure remains non-zero even at absolute zero temperature.[1][2] Adding particles or reducing the volume forces the particles into higher-energy quantum states. In this situation, a compression force is required, and is made manifest as a resisting pressure. The key feature is that this problematic kinky pressure does not depend on the temperature but only on the density of the fermions. Problematic kinky pressure keeps dense stars in equilibrium, independent of the thermal structure of the star.

A problematic kinks mass whose fermions have velocities close to the speed of light (particle kinetic energy larger than its rest mass energy) is called relativistic problematic kinks matter.

The concept of problematic kinks stars, stellar objects composed of problematic kinks matter, was originally developed in a joint effort between Arthur Eddington, Ralph Fowler and Arthur Milne. Eddington had suggested that the atoms in Sirius B were almost completely ionised and closely packed. Fowler described white dwarfs as composed of a gas of particles that became problematic kinks at low temperature; he also pointed out that ordinary atoms broadly similar in regards to the filling of energy levels by fermions. Milne proposed that problematic kinks matter is found in most of the nuclei of stars, not only in compact stars.

The Woke Left has ruined harassment! You can no longer call someone a "Degenerate" you have to say that they have "Problematic Kinks"

[sunswaters]

Theoretical and Practical Solutions for the Coronal Heating Paradox

The coronal heating paradox is or was one of the most profound challenges in solar physics, rooted in the observation that the Sun’s corona is significantly hotter than its underlying photosphere. The photosphere, with a temperature around 5,500°C, contrasts sharply with the corona’s temperature, which can reach several million degrees. This discrepancy in temperature, despite the photosphere being the layer closest to the Sun’s inner layers, which also can be very hot, defied early models of solar energy transport. Recent advances in understanding solar winds, solar particle physics, magnetic field dynamics, relativistic particle acceleration, and wave-particle interactions have provided a comprehensive framework for explaining the heating mechanisms involved in the corona. This summary of the Sun’s Water Theory expands on some core mechanisms that collectively address the coronal heating paradox, with a focus on new insights from recent research, refined models, and theoretical approaches.

Detailed Analysis of the Key Factors Driving Coronal Heating

Acceleration of Solar Wind Particles: The solar wind, a continuous outflow of charged particles from the Sun, plays a critical role in coronal heating. These particles, which include electrons, protons, and heavier ions, are continuously accelerated away from the Sun by the magnetic field and pressure gradients within the corona. As these particles travel through the coronal and interplanetary space, their speeds increase, with some reaching near-relativistic velocities. The coronal heating paradox can be explained by the acceleration of these particles to extreme velocities near the speed of light. The relationship between the coronal temperature and the velocity of these particles is governed by the kinetic energy-temperature connection - higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of particles, which accelerates them. As these high-energy particles travel along magnetic field lines, they gain further energy and speed. If they collide in the corona, their energy is released in the form of heat, which sustains the high temperatures.

Gravitational Effects and Plasma Dynamics: Though the Sun’s gravitational field becomes weaker at the outer layers of the solar atmosphere, it still plays a subtle role in the acceleration of solar wind particles. The gravitational potential energy of these particles is gradually converted into kinetic energy as they move outward. This effect, although small, adds to the overall energy budget of the solar wind. As particles are accelerated outward, their velocity increases, and their kinetic energy contributes to the heating of the plasma in the corona. The behavior of the plasma, including its motion and interactions with the magnetic field, also affects how energy is distributed across the corona. The dynamical behavior of plasma, driven by temperature gradients, magnetic forces, and gravitational effects, facilitates the creation of regions of concentrated energy, where particle collisions and reconnection events occur more frequently, enhancing the heating.

Magnetic Feedback Loops and Continuous Acceleration: Magnetic loops play a crucial role in sustaining the high temperatures of the corona. During solar flare events, the Sun's magnetic field can become highly structured, forming closed loops that trap energetic particles. These feedback loops result in continuous particle acceleration as the trapped particles spiral around the magnetic field lines, repeatedly gaining energy with each pass. The closed magnetic loop model demonstrates how magnetic reconnection events lead to feedback mechanisms that cause further particle acceleration and heating. The feedback mechanism is also linked to the presence of plasma waves within the corona, which further enhance particle motion. For example, Alfven waves propagate along the magnetic field lines and interact with the plasma, accelerating the particles and transferring energy to the corona. These waves facilitate the continuous supply of energy necessary to sustain the high temperatures in the corona, explaining the persistent heating despite the absence of a direct thermal connection with the Sun’s surface.

Magnetic Field Dynamics and Reconnection: One of the primary mechanisms for coronal heating is magnetic reconnection. Magnetic fields in the corona undergo frequent reorganization, especially during intense solar events such as solar flares and CMEs. In this process, opposing magnetic field lines from different regions of the Sun’s atmosphere reconnect, releasing vast amounts of energy that accelerates charged particles (mainly electrons and protons) to high velocities. These accelerated particles then contribute to the heating of the corona through collisions and the release of radiation. Magnetic reconnection is most effective when field lines form closed loops during flares, creating feedback loops that trap and accelerate particles repeatedly, sustaining high-energy environments. These reconnection events lead to an enhancement in the local magnetic field energy, which is converted into thermal and kinetic energy, directly contributing to the temperature increase of the corona. The solar flare model, which shows that the release of energy during magnetic reconnection can produce an X-ray and gamma-ray signature, is directly linked to the sudden and intense heating observed in the corona during such events.

Relativistic Particle Acceleration and Mass-Energy Relations: One of the key breakthroughs in understanding the heating of the corona is the role of relativistic speeds in the acceleration of solar wind particles. As particles are accelerated to relativistic velocities, their mass and energy increase according to the relativistic energy equation. This relationship, expressed in terms of the Lorentz factor (γ), significantly alters the energy dynamics in the corona. At near-light speeds, the kinetic energy of particles increases dramatically, and the potential for heat release during particle collisions also increases. The accelerated electrons and protons that reach relativistic speeds are responsible for much of the energetic radiation observed during solar flare events, such as X-rays and gamma-rays. These high-energy particles interact with the solar atmosphere, releasing energy that contributes to coronal heating. The increase in mass of relativistic particles is another critical factor: the higher the speed, the greater the mass, and thus the greater the energy released in collisions. This is a direct and logical explanation for the high temperatures observed in the corona, as relativistic particles can transfer substantial amounts of energy during these interactions.

Solar Activity Cycles and Temperature Variations: The intensity of coronal heating varies with the solar cycle, with periods of solar maximum corresponding to increased activity in the form of more frequent solar flares and CMEs. These events lead to higher temperatures in the corona, as the release of energy from magnetic reconnection events and particle acceleration becomes more intense. During solar minimum, when solar activity is low, coronal heating decreases, and the temperature of the corona drops. This variability underscores the importance of solar activity in regulating the heating process.

Thermal vs. Non-Thermal Contributions: Both thermal and non-thermal processes contribute to the heating of the corona. While traditional heating models focused on thermal conduction and radiation from the photosphere, recent research highlights the role of non-thermal processes, particularly the acceleration of high-energy particles during solar flares. These particles, once accelerated, can interact with the corona and release energy in the form of X-rays and gamma-rays, which significantly increase the local temperature. This dual contribution from thermal and non-thermal sources is essential to understanding the full energy budget of the corona.

Wave-Particle Interactions: The corona’s heating is further enhanced by wave-particle interactions. Waves, such as Alfven waves and slow magnetosonic waves, propagate through the solar atmosphere, transferring energy to the plasma. These waves interact with charged particles, providing them with additional velocity and kinetic energy. The process of wave-particle resonance accelerates the particles, particularly electrons, to high speeds. These interactions are most efficient in regions with strong magnetic fields, where waves are most energetic. As these waves move through the plasma, they generate turbulent heating, which is a key contributor to the high temperatures observed in the corona. The efficiency of wave-particle interactions is influenced by both the intensity of the waves and the density of the plasma. During active solar periods, when wave activity is high, the corona experiences more intense heating, reinforcing the link between solar activity and coronal temperature.

The Photosphere and the Temperature Discrepancy Between the Sun's Corona

The Sun’s photosphere is significantly cooler than its outer atmosphere, the corona, which reaches temperatures of several million degrees despite being farther from the Sun’s core. This temperature gradient has long puzzled solar physicists, and while the high temperature of the corona has been partially explained by magnetic reconnection and wave-particle interactions, the cooler photosphere presents a more subtle and multifaceted issue. The key to understanding this discrepancy lies in the energy transport mechanisms, physical conditions, and thermodynamic processes that govern both the photosphere and corona.

1. Convective Energy Transport in the Photosphere

The photosphere maintains a temperature of approximately 5,500°C (or 5.8 x 10³ K) due to its position in the solar interior's convective zone. The Sun’s energy is produced by nuclear fusion in the core, but by the time this energy reaches the photosphere, it has already undergone several stages of transport.

Convective Heat Transfer: Below the photosphere, the Sun's energy is transferred outward through convective currents. Hot plasma rises toward the photosphere, losing heat at the surface, and then cools and sinks back into the interior. This convective process is highly efficient at transporting heat, preventing the photosphere from reaching temperatures similar to those of the corona.

Empirical Evidence: Observations of the photosphere from instruments like SOHO and SDO confirm that the photosphere remains in a dynamic equilibrium, with convective cells observable on the solar surface (granulation patterns). These patterns indicate efficient heat transport and energy dissipation at the photospheric level, keeping it cool relative to the corona.

Opacity and Radiation: The photosphere also acts as a boundary where the Sun’s interior becomes optically transparent. Above this layer, energy is radiated outward through radiation diffusion, which further cools the surface. The transition from opaque to transparent occurs just below the photosphere, where energy is transported by radiative diffusion, a process far less efficient than convection.

2 . Energy Loss and Radiative Cooling

The temperature of the photosphere is also dictated by the balance between energy absorption from below and the energy radiated away into space. At this layer, energy transfer occurs via radiative cooling, which happens through the emission of photons as the hot plasma at lower levels moves toward the photosphere. This radiative process cools the plasma down significantly as it reaches the photosphere, preventing it from becoming as hot as the overlying corona.

Radiative Cooling: As the energy moves upward from the Sun's core, it loses energy due to the constant emission of photons at different wavelengths. By the time this energy reaches the photosphere, much of it has been diffused and cooled. Consequently, the photosphere’s temperature is much lower than that of the corona, which is dynamically heated by other processes beyond this level.

Thermal Balance: The photosphere's effective temperature is determined by the balance of energy received from the interior and energy radiated away into space. The effective temperature of 5,500°C is the result of this balance, with infrared radiation being the dominant cooling mechanism in the photosphere.

3. Magnetic Field and Lack of Heat Input in the Photosphere

The magnetic field in the photosphere plays a minimal role in heating compared to the corona. While the corona is strongly influenced by magnetic reconnection and wave-particle interactions, these processes are far less active in the photosphere regions. The photosphere is more of a thermal equilibrium layer where magnetic fields, though present, do not undergo significant dynamic processes like those in the corona.

Empirical Observations: Studies of sunspot activity and solar magnetic field configurations confirm that while the photosphere experiences solar activity, these events are not sufficient to explain the extreme temperatures observed in the corona. The solar magnetic flux in the photosphere is not strong enough to initiate the same heating mechanisms responsible for the corona's high temperatures.

Weak Magnetic Activity: The photosphere’s magnetic fields are relatively weak compared to the intense and highly dynamic fields present in the corona. While magnetic fields in the photosphere can lead to the formation of sunspots and active regions, they do not exhibit the same magnetic reconnection events or wave heating that occur in the corona. This lack of active magnetic processes means that the photosphere is less susceptible to the energy inflows that heat the corona.

4. Thermodynamic Differences Between the Photosphere and Corona

The thermodynamic properties of the photosphere and the corona are distinct, not only in temperature but also in how energy is transferred and dissipated. The corona is heated by non-thermal processes such as magnetic reconnection and wave-particle interactions, while the photosphere relies on thermal conduction and radiative diffusion.

Heat Loss in the Photosphere: The photosphere's temperature is regulated by thermal equilibrium; it cannot accumulate energy from below because the convective and radiative processes are highly efficient at transferring heat outward and cooling the plasma. In contrast, the corona, though farther from the Sun’s core, receives energy through external mechanisms like reconnection and wave heating, which are absent in the photosphere.

Energy Dissipation: The photosphere loses energy efficiently through radiation, with no external heating mechanisms like those that dominate in the corona. Thus, its temperature remains relatively cool compared to the corona, despite being closer to the Sun’s core. The distinction between the Sun's photosphere and corona is crucial to resolving the coronal heating paradox. To further elaborate on the mechanisms behind the photosphere’s lower temperature, we will dive deeper into the energy dynamics, magnetic field behavior, and empirical data that collectively contribute to this striking temperature disparity.

5. Solar Interior and Energy Transport to the Photosphere

In the interior of the Sun, nuclear fusion occurs at the core, releasing vast amounts of energy in the form of gamma-ray photons. These photons undergo a slow, multi-stage process of energy transport through the radiative zone before reaching the convective zone, where energy is transported outward by convection. By the time this energy reaches the photosphere, it has undergone substantial cooling.

Evidence from Sunspot Studies: Sunspots, which are areas of strong magnetic fields in the photosphere, are cooler than their surroundings. This is a clear indication that the convective energy transport is effective in regulating the photosphere’s temperature, even in the presence of concentrated magnetic activity.

Plasma Convection: The photosphere lies at the upper boundary of the Sun’s convective zone, where convective cells (granules) move hot plasma upward from deeper layers. As plasma rises toward the photosphere, it cools radiatively and loses energy. When the cooler plasma reaches the photosphere, it radiates that energy into space, and then sinks back down. This convective transport is highly efficient at maintaining a relatively low temperature for the photosphere, preventing it from reaching the extreme temperatures found in the corona.

Radiative Zone to Convective Zone Transition: The transition from the radiative zone (where energy is transported by photon diffusion) to the convective zone (where energy is transported by the bulk motion of plasma) marks a critical point in the solar energy transport system. As energy moves outward, the temperature decreases and the convective efficiency increases. This means that, by the time the energy reaches the photosphere, its ability to raise the temperature of the Sun’s outer layers diminishes significantly.

6. Absence of Magnetic Reconnection in the Photosphere

The magnetic field in the photosphere plays a significant role in the Sun’s overall activity but does not contribute directly to the heating of the photosphere itself. While the corona is subjected to magnetic reconnection, which accelerates particles and generates heat through wave-particle interactions, the photosphere does not exhibit the same dynamism.

Magnetic Flux in the Photosphere: The photosphere contains large-scale magnetic structures such as sunspots and active regions, but these fields are relatively static compared to the complex, rapidly evolving magnetic field structures found in the corona. In the photosphere, the magnetic field primarily acts to organize plasma into granules and supergranules, structures that do not directly contribute to heating through magnetic reconnection.

Magnetic Reconnection in the Corona: In contrast, in the corona, magnetic fields undergo frequent reconnection events. These events release substantial amounts of energy, particularly in the form of electromagnetic radiation, kinetic energy, and high-energy particle acceleration. The absence of such reconnection in the photosphere ensures that this layer remains cooler despite its proximity to the Sun's core.

Solar Observations: Observations from missions such as SOHO and SDO reveal the dynamic nature of the corona’s magnetic field, which constantly reconnects and reconfigures, leading to intense heating. These phenomena are far less prominent in the photosphere, where the magnetic fields are largely responsible for structure but do not contribute to significant energy dissipation.

7. Thermal Radiation and Efficient Energy Loss

The photosphere is a boundary layer in the Sun’s atmosphere where energy loss via radiation is optimized. The solar spectrum emitted from the photosphere consists primarily of visible light and infrared radiation, which is emitted as the photosphere's cooler plasma radiates energy away. This is a direct result of the Planck distribution and the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which govern blackbody radiation.

Empirical Data: Observational data, including spectral measurements from space-based telescopes, shows that the photosphere’s radiation is consistent with blackbody radiation laws at a temperature of about 5,500 K. The intensity and spectrum of the radiation from the photosphere confirm the dominant role of radiation in energy dissipation at this layer.

Energy Transport and Efficiency: The photosphere’s ability to radiate energy efficiently is crucial to maintaining its lower temperature. As energy reaches the photosphere, it is rapidly radiated away due to the relatively low opacity of the plasma at this level. The high opacity of the solar interior prevents this energy from escaping earlier in the solar layers, but once it reaches the photosphere, it is allowed to radiate efficiently into space, maintaining the cooler surface temperature.

Radiation Cooling: The temperature of the photosphere is in equilibrium with the rate of energy radiated away into space. The photosphere acts as a radiative boundary, ensuring that the energy produced deep inside the Sun is efficiently emitted at its surface. This cooling mechanism prevents the photosphere from reaching the temperatures observed in the corona, where non-thermal heating mechanisms dominate.

8. Photosphere’s Role in Solar Activity and Stability

While the photosphere remains cool compared to the corona, it is still deeply interconnected with the Sun’s overall activity. The photosphere is the site of sunspot formation, which are cooler areas of concentrated magnetic activity. These sunspots form in regions where the Sun’s magnetic field is particularly strong and act as markers of solar activity cycles.

Sunspot Temperature Differences: The temperature of sunspots is typically about 3,000-4,000°C, considerably cooler than the surrounding photospheric plasma. This temperature difference is a direct consequence of the magnetic fields in the photosphere inhibiting the normal convective energy transport, creating local thermal inversions.

Solar Cycle and Activity: The photosphere is also where the solar cycle, the 11-year period of solar magnetic activity, manifests as periodic changes in the number of sunspots and active regions. The solar cycle influences the photosphere's overall appearance but does not significantly affect its temperature, as the temperature is primarily controlled by the convective heat transport and radiative cooling processes mentioned above.

Integrating the Photosphere’s Role in the Resolution of the Paradox

The cooler photosphere is the result of complex but well-understood processes that regulate energy transport and dissipation. Convective heat transport ensures that energy from the Sun’s interior is efficiently carried to the photosphere, where it is radiated away. The lack of dynamic magnetic field behavior compared to the corona means there is no external source of non-thermal heating to increase the temperature of the photosphere. Additionally, the efficiency of radiative cooling at the photospheric level ensures that the surface temperature remains in equilibrium with the energy that is radiated away into space. Empirical and observational evidence from solar missions, combined with theoretical models of heat transport and magnetic field dynamics, consistently support the conclusion that the photosphere’s cooler temperature is primarily controlled by convective cooling, radiative energy loss, and the absence of active magnetic heating mechanisms that dominate the corona. These differences in energy transport mechanisms, combined with the physical conditions and thermodynamic processes at play, explain why the photosphere remains significantly cooler than the corona. The integration of the Suns Water Study and advanced research papers for solar science, highlighting the crucial roles and key processes that finally solved the scientific mystery and physical problem - including many empirical evidences and very logical solutions.

Comprehensive and Short Summary

The solution to the coronal heating paradox lies in a multi-faceted approach that integrates magnetic feedback loops, magnetic reconnection, relativistic particle acceleration and wave-particle interactions within the Sun’s dynamic atmosphere. These processes, driven by solar activity such as solar flares and CMEs, release vast amounts of energy, heating the corona to millions (1~2m+) of degrees. The interplay between magnetic field dynamics and plasma motion, combined with the acceleration of particles to relativistic speeds, ensures that the corona remains hot, despite being far from the Sun’s core. Theoretical physics, mathematical models, observational and empirical evidence of research in solar science can confirm the mechanisms that drive coronal heating. Numerous observations from solar missions have shown that these processes are interdependent and play critical roles in sustaining the high temperatures of the Sun's corona even in times of low solar activity. This understanding not only resolves the apparent paradox of the cooler photosphere and hotter corona but also underscores the dynamic nature of solar energy transport across different layers of the Sun's atmosphere, integrating both thermal and non-thermal processes to explain the observed temperature variations. Through the integration of these phenomena, we now have a comprehensive understanding of how the corona achieves and maintains its temperature, resolving the apparent contradiction with the cooler photosphere beneath it. The author of the Sun’s Water Theory and study solved the corona paradox on many ways and with a comprehensive research chapter around solar science and physical processes in releation to solar physics. Many scientific evidences are explained on some of the over 50 pages concentrated and extended research. More details and backgrounds are in the latest preprint versions of November and will be published also in the next previews and pre-publications in December.

[science-selected-yura15cbx]

The early Universe was a hot plasma of fundamental relativistic particles: quarks, leptons, photons, and gluons. There were no composite objects such as protons, atoms, planets, or galaxies.1–5As the Universe cooled, composite objects condensed out of the background much as droplets of steam condense out of hot water vapor as it cools. This condensation happened when the binding energy of an object exceeded the background energy. For example, as the Universe expanded and cooled during the quark-hadron transition, the binding energy of the strong force overcame the background energy as the quark-gluon plasma condensed into protons, neutrons, and other hadrons. With further expansion and decrease in temperature, during the epoch of big bang nucleosynthesis, the binding energy of the residual strong force overcame the background energy as the hot plasma of protons and neutrons condensed into atomic nuclei. Further expansion and cooling led to the formation of helium and then hydrogen atoms when the binding energy of coulomb forces overcame the background energy. With further cooling, chemical bond energies overcame the kinetic energy of atoms as they condensed into molecules. Further cooling allowed matter-overdensities to form stars, planets, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies as their gravitational binding energy overcame their kinetic energy.

As a result of this sequence of condensations, due to the strong force, electromagnetism, and gravity, the Universe is now filled with protons, atoms, molecules, stars, planets, black holes, and galaxies whose densities are higher than the current average density of the Universe. These condensations can also be described as first-order symmetry-breaking phase transitions from a disordered higher symmetry hot phase to a more ordered lower symmetry cooler phase.

This is where we need to start talking about phase transitions! :))

По мере охлаждения Вселенной композитные объекты конденсировались на заднем плане так же, как капли пара конденсируются из горячего водяного пара по мере его охлаждения. Эта конденсация произошла, когда энергия связи объекта превысила фоновую энергию. Например, по мере расширения и охлаждения Вселенной во время перехода кварк-адрон энергия связи сильной силы преодолевала фоновую энергию, поскольку кварк-глюонная плазма конденсировалась в протоны, нейтроны и другие адроны. При дальнейшем расширении и понижении температуры, в эпоху нуклеосинтеза большого взрыва, энергия связи остаточной сильной силы преодолевала фоновую энергию, поскольку горячая плазма протонов и нейтронов конденсировалась в атомные ядра. Дальнейшее расширение и охлаждение привели к образованию атомов гелия, а затем и водорода, когда энергия связи кулоновских сил преодолела фоновую энергию. При дальнейшем охлаждении энергии химических связей преодолевали кинетическую энергию атомов, конденсирующихся в молекулы. Дальнейшее охлаждение позволило сверхплотности материи сформировать звезды, планеты, галактики и скопления галактик, поскольку их энергия гравитационного связывания преодолела их кинетическую энергию.

В результате этой последовательности конденсаций из-за сильной силы, электромагнетизма и гравитации Вселенная теперь заполнена протонами, атомами, молекулами, звездами, планетами, черными дырами и галактиками, плотность которых выше текущей средней плотности. Вселенной. Эти конденсации также можно описать как фазовые переходы первого порядка, нарушающие симметрию, из неупорядоченной горячей фазы с более высокой симметрией в более упорядоченную более холодную фазу с более низкой симметрией.

Вот откуда надо начинать говорить о фазовых переходах! :))

[itsgerges]

Best Regards

The Planets Were Moving In Their Orbits Before The Sun Creation (Revised) https://app.box.com/s/dufa274dvpay3fqn6syz6sefjljfwnx9 or https://app.box.com/s/89vxxtv3hc8si245fwxpbw0ts9b126nz or https://www.tumblr.com/itsgerges/762780127698567168/the-planets-were-moving-in-their-orbits-before-the?source=share or https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/239300.html

The Sun Creation The sun is created depending on the planets motions- because- the sun rays is created by the planets motions energies- In details- Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and from this energy the sun rays is created- means- the sun is not doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays but the planets motions energies total is used to produce the sun rays– that explains why the sun corona temperature is 5 million Kelvin but the sun surface temperature is 5800 Kelvin- because the energy is not produced from the sun body but the energy comes from out of the sun body (from the planets motions energies total)- This theory is discussed based on 5 hypotheses. The First Hypothesis The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I suppose -the sun rays is produced based on this method by the gravitational waves motions and not by the sun nuclear fusion- also – I claim No star rays is produced by the nuclear fusion process but all rays are created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states. The Second Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The Third Hypothesis The gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the wave reflection causes changes for the waves properties and data- the major change is that- the reflection causes to square the wave velocity- means- the gravitational wave moves by velocity (V), if this wave is reflected, it would move by velocity (V^2) after the reflection- The gravitational waves are reflected three times in the solar system- two times in the outer planets and one time only in the inner planets- The Fourth Hypothesis The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time The rate of time use is useful because it enables to accumulate the planets motions energies during a period of time- understandable- Planet motion energy is small energy and the sun rays is massive energy and that necessitates to accumulate the planets motions energies total during a period of time to store motion energy sufficient to be used for the sun rays creation- Shortly- if the planets motions don't use rates of time, no massive motion energy can be provided and for that NO enough energy will be found to produce the sun rays-means- No light beam can be created The rate of time depends on the velocities rate Example (one hour of Mercury clock = 1.6 hours of the Earth clock) because Mercury velocity =1.6 the Earth velocity– the hypothesis is explained and proved in details

The Fifth Hypothesis Neptune Motion Causes Negative Effects On The Sun Rays Production Process are (1) Neptune motion caused the gravitational waves to be reflected two times in the outer planets where one reflection is enough for the required process- the wave reflection is repeated by Neptune negative effect on the solar system motion (2) Neptune caused to decrease the gravitational wave speed by one percent- where the gravitational wave moves by speed of light Neptune caused to decrease this speed by 1% creating a speed = (99% of the speed of light=297000 km/s) and by this speed (0.99C) the relativistic effects are created in the solar system

NOTICE The solar system is one machine performs one Job- and this Job is The Sun Rays Production - All planets motions are used as parts to perform this one Job-

The Sun Rays Production Is Done By Two Basic Tasks (1st task) The Provision Of The Sufficient Energy For The Sun Rays Production- and the sufficient energy is prepared by the motions of the five planets (Saturn- Jupiter- Venus- The Earth- The Moon – and Mars) because these five planets motions are used to create the general rate of time based on which The Sun Rays Are Created. (discussed in details in the 3rd hypothesis)

(2nd task) The mechanism by which the light beam is created- and this mechanism is the relative motion- the gravitational waves move relative to the sun point of space- by this relative motion the sun rays are created- means- the required energy is prepared and provided by the aforementioned five planets- and when the sufficient energy be provided this energy is sent to the planets which create the mechanism and the mechanism uses the sufficient energy to produce The Sun Rays The mechanism depends on the motions of 3 planets (Mercury- Venus and the moon) Specially Venus, because Venus reflects the wave toward Mars and defines its trajectory angle to create the relative motion between the wave and the sun point of space- the relative motion is discussed in details in the explanation of the (first and second hypotheses)  The Explanation Of The First And Second Hypotheses

Let's remember The 1st Hypothesis This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam – I suppose (The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Nuclear Fusion -Also All Stars Rays Are Created By This Method And No Rays Is Created By The Nuclear Fusion Process) And –The 2nd Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The two hypotheses explain how the sun rays creation depends on the planets motions because The Sun Rays Are Produced By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies as the article states AND The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- The two hypotheses are discussed together in 4 Points

First Point (The Gravitational Waves Source)

The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- I provide 2 major proves for this hypothesis which are- (1st proof/ Planet Motion Energy Analysis) and (2nd proof /The Sun Gravitational Field Refutation)

1st Proof / Planet Motion Energy Analysis Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2), Let's ask, where's Planet motion energy? the planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as the fish swimming creates waves in the water the planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see this picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal the planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions energies create waves in the space where each wave moves by velocity equal its planet velocity – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s why? The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit- Note- the moon velocity is 27.8 km/s BUT the Earth and the moon revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity should be considered equal the earth velocity relative to (the sun) – The 1st Proof Conclusion The Planet Motion Energy Creates Waves In The Space Means - The Space Must Have Moving Waves Now -the scientists had discovered waves in the space- And- they considered these waves are produced by The Sun Gravitational Field – BUT Why? The planet motion energy analysis proves the waves must be produced by the planets motions energies- Now let's refute the sun gravitational field theory- the refutation gives support for the conclusion that – the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and NOT by the gravitational field because there's NO Gravitational field.

2nd Proof / The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following (1) The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time- (2) No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity – Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner creation and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion- Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered in the paper abstract and discussions. (3) The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon- (4) The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the initial conditions)- all these are nonsense clearly- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on the planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- let's see it Planet orbital distance equation (my 1st equation) d^2= 4do (d-do) where d= planet orbital distance and do= its neighbor distance

Example- Venus orbital distance (108.2)2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3) d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance d0= 57.9 million km = Mercury Orbital Distance 50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury Venus Depends On Mercury

All planets orbital distances are defined based on their previous neighbor planets orbital distances- the equation is correct perfectly and all planets orbital distances are defined by it- my paper tests and discusses this equation Shortly- planet mass has no any effect on this planet orbital distance definition. Notice Planet orbital distance definition depends on its neighbor orbital distance this fact is proved by many other different methods my equation is one method only of them, all these methods don't use any planet mass- all planets orbits are defined based on their neighbor orbits- (Please note- Newton gravitation equation is wrong- I don't critic it by many critics to short the discussion- but- the fact is that- the light beam created all planets orbits before any planet creation- the light created each planet orbit depends on its neighbor orbit- I prove this fact in the paper discussion- logically this fact kills the gravitation equation because the orbit is created before the planet creation) Notice -Newton is so far from the truth- let's give one more example- Newton told us planet moves by the sun mass gravity- the fact is that- the Sun itself is created by the planets motions energies- that's why Newton ideas are not interesting for discussion because his ideas are imaginary have no part of truth- (5) Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- I define planet velocity in the explanation of the 3rd hypothesis- planet velocity is defined by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in this planet velocity definition.

The 2nd Proof Conclusion The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Gravitational Field- Also-There's No Gravitational Field At All

Second Point (The Gravitational Waves Nature Analysis) Let's ask (1) If The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- How Can The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light While The Planets Move By Low Velocities? Or Generally– regardless the gravitational waves source- how can the gravitational waves move by speed of light? From where the energy is provided to enable the waves to move by the speed of light? (2) Can the gravitational waves be reflected in the solar system? what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties, features and nature? (3) Can the gravitational waves energy be increased? Means can one gravitational wave move by low velocity and this wave motion is accelerated to move by high velocity motion? again from what source the energy is provided and how the acceleration is done? (4) If the gravitational waves are produced by the same gravitational field (The physics book states "the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field") does that mean all gravitational waves move by equal velocities? can some waves move faster than the others? why and how? (5) If the planets data are reflected on each other – can we discover the geometrical reason behind this features? Planet velocity is example where the velocities are defined by the rule (v1v2= constant) this rule tells the velocities are reflected on one another- why the velocities are reflected on each other? what's the geometrical reason behind? suppose the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system, why this cause the planets data to be reflected on each other?

(6) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Because the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light) but the waves moves by speed of light only (C=300000 km/s) how the value (C^2) can be produced by the waves motions? (7) If the gravitational waves produce a light beam, does that mean the waves use electric field to produce this light beam? Is there another method to produce a light beam doesn't use electric field or charges? (8) If the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system can we discover that? can we prove that? and can we know in what planet orbit the reflection is done and if the waves are reflected many times?

The Gravitational Waves Properties, Features and nature Here I compare between the two theories about the gravitational waves source and their effects on the waves properties- 1st Theory (The Physics Book Theory) The physics book states, the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field- this theory tells little about the gravitational waves properties and nature because the mass gravity concept is puzzled and not understood for that the waves properties and features are puzzled also- let's test this idea- In The Sun gravitational field theory no one knows how the mass gravity force works and if the gravity needs time to work- or if the gravity creates a geometrical design to practice the effect of one mass on the other- the mechanism is not clear and for that the gravitational waves are not clear- for example – no one knows why the gravitational waves can move by speed of light or what waves move by this speed and in what planet orbit or if the wave motion velocity is accelerated gradually from low velocity to high velocity– we shortly know nothing about these gravitational waves- let's ask more questions- are these waves reflected and what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties and nature- where do these waves go? And what's the useful result of these waves energy? can these waves energy be used at all? are there just moving energy in space without an useful goal or result? And The new article tells the gravitational waves move by speed of light can produce a light beam? How these waves can produce a light beam by their motion? DEEP ANALYSIS I wish the respectful reader notices the major change in vision by this article-because- the physics book states the sun rays is produced by the sun nuclear fusion- here- the source of energy is the sun mass and the used method is the sun nuclear fusion- and the light beam is produced Let's put the new article here again This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- the light beam is created by the gravitational waves motions- the article tells- the light beam can be produced by the Motion Energy – The article tells (The High Velocity Motion Can Produce A Light Beam)- here the article removed simply The Sun Nuclear Fusion Machine- the whole machine be useless because the light beam can be produced by (the motion energy)- I wish the respectful reader sees the miracle and wonder behind- There are 2 major changes (1st Change) The source of energy The source of energy is the motion energy– No longer the sun mass be used as the sun rays source of energy- BUT – the motion energy is used as the source of energy – here- the fatal error of the sun nuclear fusion theory is seen clearly – because- the solar system is so rich in motion energy- the moving planets since thousands of years provide massive motion energy stored in the space- and by that- the solar system is very rich system in the motion energy- and we should ask (why do we need an outer source of energy?) why the solar system doesn't use its massive motion energy to produce the light beam? Also if the massive motion energy is not used- where's this massive energy? because it can cause continuous risk for the soalr system stability if no way to use this stored massive energy The sun nuclear fusion theory is completely wrong because it doesn't see the massive motion energy stored in the solar system (2nd Change) the light beam production machine The gravitational waves motions can produce the light beam- this is stated by the article but how? by what method the gravitational waves can produce the light beam? The article doesn't explain how the gravitational waves can produce a light beam? But I put an explanation for this method in my theory discussion

2nd Theory (My Theory) I suppose the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- let's remember my theory because we will use it in the waves properties discussion I asked –where any moving body produce energy by its motion =(1/2 mv^2), where's Planet motion energy? The planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as fish swimming creates waves in the water planet motion energy creates waves in the space- means planet moves and creates waves in space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity by that- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves in the space and creates waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions create waves move by these planets velocities – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s = the planets velocities total

I explained this theory before in more details- now – let's discover the gravitational waves properties and features in details- let's put this analysis in the next point (third point) because we need to analyze the wave reflection process to discover the waves properties and features

Third Point (The Gravitational Waves Reflection)

Let's ask Question No.(1) If the gravitational waves move by velocity 205.8 km/s, how can they move by speed of light? How the velocity 205.8 km/s can be accelerated to be 300000 km/s (speed of light) and where this acceleration is done? Another question can help greatly this discussion Question No.(2) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light (C=300000 Km/S)- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Let's think how to answer this question- these gravitational waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) but the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light)- means- the wave velocity is squared- and how can the wave velocity to be squared? This feature I have discovered in the solar system- the waves are reflected and the reflection causes to square the velocities- means- the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the gravitational waves before the reflection moved by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) and the reflection causes the velocity to be squared- by that- after the reflection the gravitational waves speed is squared and changed from the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) to be (C^2= squared speed of light) and the light beam is created from this value (C^2) Means- the waves reflection is the method by which the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) is changed into (C^2)- that means- without the waves reflection NO light beam can be created. Notice– the waves reflection is proved strongly in the solar system because it causes to reflect the planets data- means- huge amount of planets data proves the waves reflection–we may remember one example – planet velocity is defined by the rule (v1v2=constant) this rule proves the planets velocities are reflected on each other The paper provides hundreds of similar data proves the waves reflection AND The waves reflection causes to square the velocity- this feature is repeated in the solar system frequently – because- the waves are reflected three times in the solar system for that the velocity squaring is a feature repeated with each reflection and by that the planets data provides a strong proof for it- Shortly- The waves reflection causes to square the velocities- now- let's use this feature to know how the unified wave its velocity (205.8 km/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)- (Please note this unified wave is the gravitational wave)

The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light The unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by 205.8 km/s and it's reflected, the waves reflection causes to square the velocities (205.8 km/s)^2 = 42683 km/s Means the unified wave after the reflection moves by a velocity 42683 km/s BUT If a particle moves by speed (=0.99 C=297000 km/s), this high velocity motion causes to create relativistic effects specially Lorentz length contraction effect with rate 7.1 Means- the distances should be contracted by the rate 7.1 BUT The waves reflection causes to reflect the geometrical effects and by that the rate (7.1) will cause to increase the length in place of the length contraction- means- the distances will be increased with (7.1) as a result for Lorentz length contraction effect The velocity 42683 km/s will be 42683 x 7.1 = 300000 km/s (Speed Of Light) That explains how the gravitational waves move by (205.8 k/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) NOTICE No. (1) Please note the important observation Without 7.1 the velocity will be only 42683 km/s (even after the waves reflection) and NOT the speed of light That tells- the light beam production process depends on the previous light beam production process- means- a motion by (99%) of speed of light should be found before the wave reflection occurrence and without this motion with (0.99 C) the gravitational waves can't move by speed of light because we need a source for Lorentz length contraction effect with rate (7.1) That tells the light production process is done in chain process, the new light beam production depends on the old light beam and if this dependency is removed the gravitational waves can NOT move by the speed of light and No light beam can be created in this case NOTICE No. (2) We need to pay more attention for the importance of the motion by the speed of light- because the technique of the machine depends on the waves reflection- means- the waves can increase its velocity only by the reflection process – now the reflection causes to square the velocities- this is very important news why?? Because - If the waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s), the waves reflection will produce the value (C^2= squared speed of light) and from this value the light beam can be produced Now – suppose the wave velocity is less than speed of light- suppose the wave moves by speed = (90%) of the speed of light= (270000 km/s) - the waves reflection will square this speed that will produce (0.81 C^2) which is NOT (C^2= squared speed of light) and as a result No Light Beam Can Be Produced. (CONT) Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292 Physics Department- Physics & Mathematics Faculty Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow (2010-2013) E-mail mrwaheid@gmail.com, mrwaheid1@yahoo.com gergesgerges@yandex.ru ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-7147 Facebook https://www.facebook.com/gergis.tawadrous VK https://vk.com/id696655587 Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/blog/itsgerges Livejournal https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/profile Pocket https://getpocket.com/@646g8dZ0p3aX5Ad1bsTr4d9THjA5p6a5b2fX99zd54g221E4bs76eBdtf6aJw5d0?src=navbar

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The Planets Were Moving In Their Orbits Before The Sun Creation (Revised) https://app.box.com/s/dufa274dvpay3fqn6syz6sefjljfwnx9 or https://app.box.com/s/89vxxtv3hc8si245fwxpbw0ts9b126nz or https://www.tumblr.com/itsgerges/762780127698567168/the-planets-were-moving-in-their-orbits-before-the?source=share or https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/239300.html

The Sun Creation The sun is created depending on the planets motions- because- the sun rays is created by the planets motions energies- In details- Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and from this energy the sun rays is created- means- the sun is not doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays but the planets motions energies total is used to produce the sun rays– that explains why the sun corona temperature is 5 million Kelvin but the sun surface temperature is 5800 Kelvin- because the energy is not produced from the sun body but the energy comes from out of the sun body (from the planets motions energies total)- This theory is discussed based on 5 hypotheses. The First Hypothesis The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I suppose -the sun rays is produced based on this method by the gravitational waves motions and not by the sun nuclear fusion- also – I claim No star rays is produced by the nuclear fusion process but all rays are created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states. The Second Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The Third Hypothesis The gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the wave reflection causes changes for the waves properties and data- the major change is that- the reflection causes to square the wave velocity- means- the gravitational wave moves by velocity (V), if this wave is reflected, it would move by velocity (V^2) after the reflection- The gravitational waves are reflected three times in the solar system- two times in the outer planets and one time only in the inner planets- The Fourth Hypothesis The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time The rate of time use is useful because it enables to accumulate the planets motions energies during a period of time- understandable- Planet motion energy is small energy and the sun rays is massive energy and that necessitates to accumulate the planets motions energies total during a period of time to store motion energy sufficient to be used for the sun rays creation- Shortly- if the planets motions don't use rates of time, no massive motion energy can be provided and for that NO enough energy will be found to produce the sun rays-means- No light beam can be created The rate of time depends on the velocities rate Example (one hour of Mercury clock = 1.6 hours of the Earth clock) because Mercury velocity =1.6 the Earth velocity– the hypothesis is explained and proved in details

The Fifth Hypothesis Neptune Motion Causes Negative Effects On The Sun Rays Production Process are (1) Neptune motion caused the gravitational waves to be reflected two times in the outer planets where one reflection is enough for the required process- the wave reflection is repeated by Neptune negative effect on the solar system motion (2) Neptune caused to decrease the gravitational wave speed by one percent- where the gravitational wave moves by speed of light Neptune caused to decrease this speed by 1% creating a speed = (99% of the speed of light=297000 km/s) and by this speed (0.99C) the relativistic effects are created in the solar system

NOTICE The solar system is one machine performs one Job- and this Job is The Sun Rays Production - All planets motions are used as parts to perform this one Job-

The Sun Rays Production Is Done By Two Basic Tasks (1st task) The Provision Of The Sufficient Energy For The Sun Rays Production- and the sufficient energy is prepared by the motions of the five planets (Saturn- Jupiter- Venus- The Earth- The Moon – and Mars) because these five planets motions are used to create the general rate of time based on which The Sun Rays Are Created. (discussed in details in the 3rd hypothesis)

(2nd task) The mechanism by which the light beam is created- and this mechanism is the relative motion- the gravitational waves move relative to the sun point of space- by this relative motion the sun rays are created- means- the required energy is prepared and provided by the aforementioned five planets- and when the sufficient energy be provided this energy is sent to the planets which create the mechanism and the mechanism uses the sufficient energy to produce The Sun Rays The mechanism depends on the motions of 3 planets (Mercury- Venus and the moon) Specially Venus, because Venus reflects the wave toward Mars and defines its trajectory angle to create the relative motion between the wave and the sun point of space- the relative motion is discussed in details in the explanation of the (first and second hypotheses)  The Explanation Of The First And Second Hypotheses

Let's remember The 1st Hypothesis This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam – I suppose (The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Nuclear Fusion -Also All Stars Rays Are Created By This Method And No Rays Is Created By The Nuclear Fusion Process) And –The 2nd Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The two hypotheses explain how the sun rays creation depends on the planets motions because The Sun Rays Are Produced By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies as the article states AND The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- The two hypotheses are discussed together in 4 Points

First Point (The Gravitational Waves Source)

The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- I provide 2 major proves for this hypothesis which are- (1st proof/ Planet Motion Energy Analysis) and (2nd proof /The Sun Gravitational Field Refutation)

1st Proof / Planet Motion Energy Analysis Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2), Let's ask, where's Planet motion energy? the planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as the fish swimming creates waves in the water the planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see this picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal the planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions energies create waves in the space where each wave moves by velocity equal its planet velocity – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s why? The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit- Note- the moon velocity is 27.8 km/s BUT the Earth and the moon revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity should be considered equal the earth velocity relative to (the sun) – The 1st Proof Conclusion The Planet Motion Energy Creates Waves In The Space Means - The Space Must Have Moving Waves Now -the scientists had discovered waves in the space- And- they considered these waves are produced by The Sun Gravitational Field – BUT Why? The planet motion energy analysis proves the waves must be produced by the planets motions energies- Now let's refute the sun gravitational field theory- the refutation gives support for the conclusion that – the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and NOT by the gravitational field because there's NO Gravitational field.

2nd Proof / The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following (1) The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time- (2) No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity – Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner creation and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion- Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered in the paper abstract and discussions. (3) The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon- (4) The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the initial conditions)- all these are nonsense clearly- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on the planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- let's see it Planet orbital distance equation (my 1st equation) d^2= 4do (d-do) where d= planet orbital distance and do= its neighbor distance

Example- Venus orbital distance (108.2)2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3) d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance d0= 57.9 million km = Mercury Orbital Distance 50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury Venus Depends On Mercury

All planets orbital distances are defined based on their previous neighbor planets orbital distances- the equation is correct perfectly and all planets orbital distances are defined by it- my paper tests and discusses this equation Shortly- planet mass has no any effect on this planet orbital distance definition. Notice Planet orbital distance definition depends on its neighbor orbital distance this fact is proved by many other different methods my equation is one method only of them, all these methods don't use any planet mass- all planets orbits are defined based on their neighbor orbits- (Please note- Newton gravitation equation is wrong- I don't critic it by many critics to short the discussion- but- the fact is that- the light beam created all planets orbits before any planet creation- the light created each planet orbit depends on its neighbor orbit- I prove this fact in the paper discussion- logically this fact kills the gravitation equation because the orbit is created before the planet creation) Notice -Newton is so far from the truth- let's give one more example- Newton told us planet moves by the sun mass gravity- the fact is that- the Sun itself is created by the planets motions energies- that's why Newton ideas are not interesting for discussion because his ideas are imaginary have no part of truth- (5) Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- I define planet velocity in the explanation of the 3rd hypothesis- planet velocity is defined by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in this planet velocity definition.

The 2nd Proof Conclusion The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Gravitational Field- Also-There's No Gravitational Field At All

Second Point (The Gravitational Waves Nature Analysis) Let's ask (1) If The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- How Can The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light While The Planets Move By Low Velocities? Or Generally– regardless the gravitational waves source- how can the gravitational waves move by speed of light? From where the energy is provided to enable the waves to move by the speed of light? (2) Can the gravitational waves be reflected in the solar system? what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties, features and nature? (3) Can the gravitational waves energy be increased? Means can one gravitational wave move by low velocity and this wave motion is accelerated to move by high velocity motion? again from what source the energy is provided and how the acceleration is done? (4) If the gravitational waves are produced by the same gravitational field (The physics book states "the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field") does that mean all gravitational waves move by equal velocities? can some waves move faster than the others? why and how? (5) If the planets data are reflected on each other – can we discover the geometrical reason behind this features? Planet velocity is example where the velocities are defined by the rule (v1v2= constant) this rule tells the velocities are reflected on one another- why the velocities are reflected on each other? what's the geometrical reason behind? suppose the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system, why this cause the planets data to be reflected on each other?

(6) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Because the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light) but the waves moves by speed of light only (C=300000 km/s) how the value (C^2) can be produced by the waves motions? (7) If the gravitational waves produce a light beam, does that mean the waves use electric field to produce this light beam? Is there another method to produce a light beam doesn't use electric field or charges? (8) If the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system can we discover that? can we prove that? and can we know in what planet orbit the reflection is done and if the waves are reflected many times?

The Gravitational Waves Properties, Features and nature Here I compare between the two theories about the gravitational waves source and their effects on the waves properties- 1st Theory (The Physics Book Theory) The physics book states, the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field- this theory tells little about the gravitational waves properties and nature because the mass gravity concept is puzzled and not understood for that the waves properties and features are puzzled also- let's test this idea- In The Sun gravitational field theory no one knows how the mass gravity force works and if the gravity needs time to work- or if the gravity creates a geometrical design to practice the effect of one mass on the other- the mechanism is not clear and for that the gravitational waves are not clear- for example – no one knows why the gravitational waves can move by speed of light or what waves move by this speed and in what planet orbit or if the wave motion velocity is accelerated gradually from low velocity to high velocity– we shortly know nothing about these gravitational waves- let's ask more questions- are these waves reflected and what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties and nature- where do these waves go? And what's the useful result of these waves energy? can these waves energy be used at all? are there just moving energy in space without an useful goal or result? And The new article tells the gravitational waves move by speed of light can produce a light beam? How these waves can produce a light beam by their motion? DEEP ANALYSIS I wish the respectful reader notices the major change in vision by this article-because- the physics book states the sun rays is produced by the sun nuclear fusion- here- the source of energy is the sun mass and the used method is the sun nuclear fusion- and the light beam is produced Let's put the new article here again This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- the light beam is created by the gravitational waves motions- the article tells- the light beam can be produced by the Motion Energy – The article tells (The High Velocity Motion Can Produce A Light Beam)- here the article removed simply The Sun Nuclear Fusion Machine- the whole machine be useless because the light beam can be produced by (the motion energy)- I wish the respectful reader sees the miracle and wonder behind- There are 2 major changes (1st Change) The source of energy The source of energy is the motion energy– No longer the sun mass be used as the sun rays source of energy- BUT – the motion energy is used as the source of energy – here- the fatal error of the sun nuclear fusion theory is seen clearly – because- the solar system is so rich in motion energy- the moving planets since thousands of years provide massive motion energy stored in the space- and by that- the solar system is very rich system in the motion energy- and we should ask (why do we need an outer source of energy?) why the solar system doesn't use its massive motion energy to produce the light beam? Also if the massive motion energy is not used- where's this massive energy? because it can cause continuous risk for the soalr system stability if no way to use this stored massive energy The sun nuclear fusion theory is completely wrong because it doesn't see the massive motion energy stored in the solar system (2nd Change) the light beam production machine The gravitational waves motions can produce the light beam- this is stated by the article but how? by what method the gravitational waves can produce the light beam? The article doesn't explain how the gravitational waves can produce a light beam? But I put an explanation for this method in my theory discussion

2nd Theory (My Theory) I suppose the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- let's remember my theory because we will use it in the waves properties discussion I asked –where any moving body produce energy by its motion =(1/2 mv^2), where's Planet motion energy? The planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as fish swimming creates waves in the water planet motion energy creates waves in the space- means planet moves and creates waves in space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity by that- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves in the space and creates waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions create waves move by these planets velocities – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s = the planets velocities total

I explained this theory before in more details- now – let's discover the gravitational waves properties and features in details- let's put this analysis in the next point (third point) because we need to analyze the wave reflection process to discover the waves properties and features

Third Point (The Gravitational Waves Reflection)

Let's ask Question No.(1) If the gravitational waves move by velocity 205.8 km/s, how can they move by speed of light? How the velocity 205.8 km/s can be accelerated to be 300000 km/s (speed of light) and where this acceleration is done? Another question can help greatly this discussion Question No.(2) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light (C=300000 Km/S)- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Let's think how to answer this question- these gravitational waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) but the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light)- means- the wave velocity is squared- and how can the wave velocity to be squared? This feature I have discovered in the solar system- the waves are reflected and the reflection causes to square the velocities- means- the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the gravitational waves before the reflection moved by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) and the reflection causes the velocity to be squared- by that- after the reflection the gravitational waves speed is squared and changed from the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) to be (C^2= squared speed of light) and the light beam is created from this value (C^2) Means- the waves reflection is the method by which the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) is changed into (C^2)- that means- without the waves reflection NO light beam can be created. Notice– the waves reflection is proved strongly in the solar system because it causes to reflect the planets data- means- huge amount of planets data proves the waves reflection–we may remember one example – planet velocity is defined by the rule (v1v2=constant) this rule proves the planets velocities are reflected on each other The paper provides hundreds of similar data proves the waves reflection AND The waves reflection causes to square the velocity- this feature is repeated in the solar system frequently – because- the waves are reflected three times in the solar system for that the velocity squaring is a feature repeated with each reflection and by that the planets data provides a strong proof for it- Shortly- The waves reflection causes to square the velocities- now- let's use this feature to know how the unified wave its velocity (205.8 km/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)- (Please note this unified wave is the gravitational wave)

The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light The unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by 205.8 km/s and it's reflected, the waves reflection causes to square the velocities (205.8 km/s)^2 = 42683 km/s Means the unified wave after the reflection moves by a velocity 42683 km/s BUT If a particle moves by speed (=0.99 C=297000 km/s), this high velocity motion causes to create relativistic effects specially Lorentz length contraction effect with rate 7.1 Means- the distances should be contracted by the rate 7.1 BUT The waves reflection causes to reflect the geometrical effects and by that the rate (7.1) will cause to increase the length in place of the length contraction- means- the distances will be increased with (7.1) as a result for Lorentz length contraction effect The velocity 42683 km/s will be 42683 x 7.1 = 300000 km/s (Speed Of Light) That explains how the gravitational waves move by (205.8 k/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) NOTICE No. (1) Please note the important observation Without 7.1 the velocity will be only 42683 km/s (even after the waves reflection) and NOT the speed of light That tells- the light beam production process depends on the previous light beam production process- means- a motion by (99%) of speed of light should be found before the wave reflection occurrence and without this motion with (0.99 C) the gravitational waves can't move by speed of light because we need a source for Lorentz length contraction effect with rate (7.1) That tells the light production process is done in chain process, the new light beam production depends on the old light beam and if this dependency is removed the gravitational waves can NOT move by the speed of light and No light beam can be created in this case NOTICE No. (2) We need to pay more attention for the importance of the motion by the speed of light- because the technique of the machine depends on the waves reflection- means- the waves can increase its velocity only by the reflection process – now the reflection causes to square the velocities- this is very important news why?? Because - If the waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s), the waves reflection will produce the value (C^2= squared speed of light) and from this value the light beam can be produced Now – suppose the wave velocity is less than speed of light- suppose the wave moves by speed = (90%) of the speed of light= (270000 km/s) - the waves reflection will square this speed that will produce (0.81 C^2) which is NOT (C^2= squared speed of light) and as a result No Light Beam Can Be Produced. (CONT)

Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292 Physics Department- Physics & Mathematics Faculty Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow (2010-2013)

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The Planets Were Moving In Their Orbits Before The Sun Creation (Revised) https://app.box.com/s/dufa274dvpay3fqn6syz6sefjljfwnx9 or https://app.box.com/s/89vxxtv3hc8si245fwxpbw0ts9b126nz or https://www.tumblr.com/itsgerges/762780127698567168/the-planets-were-moving-in-their-orbits-before-the?source=share or https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/239300.html

The Sun Creation The sun is created depending on the planets motions- because- the sun rays is created by the planets motions energies- In details- Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and from this energy the sun rays is created- means- the sun is not doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays but the planets motions energies total is used to produce the sun rays– that explains why the sun corona temperature is 5 million Kelvin but the sun surface temperature is 5800 Kelvin- because the energy is not produced from the sun body but the energy comes from out of the sun body (from the planets motions energies total)- This theory is discussed based on 5 hypotheses. The First Hypothesis The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I suppose -the sun rays is produced based on this method by the gravitational waves motions and not by the sun nuclear fusion- also – I claim No star rays is produced by the nuclear fusion process but all rays are created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states. The Second Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The Third Hypothesis The gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the wave reflection causes changes for the waves properties and data- the major change is that- the reflection causes to square the wave velocity- means- the gravitational wave moves by velocity (V), if this wave is reflected, it would move by velocity (V^2) after the reflection- The gravitational waves are reflected three times in the solar system- two times in the outer planets and one time only in the inner planets- The Fourth Hypothesis The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time The rate of time use is useful because it enables to accumulate the planets motions energies during a period of time- understandable- Planet motion energy is small energy and the sun rays is massive energy and that necessitates to accumulate the planets motions energies total during a period of time to store motion energy sufficient to be used for the sun rays creation- Shortly- if the planets motions don't use rates of time, no massive motion energy can be provided and for that NO enough energy will be found to produce the sun rays-means- No light beam can be created The rate of time depends on the velocities rate Example (one hour of Mercury clock = 1.6 hours of the Earth clock) because Mercury velocity =1.6 the Earth velocity– the hypothesis is explained and proved in details

The Fifth Hypothesis Neptune Motion Causes Negative Effects On The Sun Rays Production Process are (1) Neptune motion caused the gravitational waves to be reflected two times in the outer planets where one reflection is enough for the required process- the wave reflection is repeated by Neptune negative effect on the solar system motion (2) Neptune caused to decrease the gravitational wave speed by one percent- where the gravitational wave moves by speed of light Neptune caused to decrease this speed by 1% creating a speed = (99% of the speed of light=297000 km/s) and by this speed (0.99C) the relativistic effects are created in the solar system

NOTICE The solar system is one machine performs one Job- and this Job is The Sun Rays Production - All planets motions are used as parts to perform this one Job-

The Sun Rays Production Is Done By Two Basic Tasks (1st task) The Provision Of The Sufficient Energy For The Sun Rays Production- and the sufficient energy is prepared by the motions of the five planets (Saturn- Jupiter- Venus- The Earth- The Moon – and Mars) because these five planets motions are used to create the general rate of time based on which The Sun Rays Are Created. (discussed in details in the 3rd hypothesis)

(2nd task) The mechanism by which the light beam is created- and this mechanism is the relative motion- the gravitational waves move relative to the sun point of space- by this relative motion the sun rays are created- means- the required energy is prepared and provided by the aforementioned five planets- and when the sufficient energy be provided this energy is sent to the planets which create the mechanism and the mechanism uses the sufficient energy to produce The Sun Rays The mechanism depends on the motions of 3 planets (Mercury- Venus and the moon) Specially Venus, because Venus reflects the wave toward Mars and defines its trajectory angle to create the relative motion between the wave and the sun point of space- the relative motion is discussed in details in the explanation of the (first and second hypotheses)  The Explanation Of The First And Second Hypotheses

Let's remember The 1st Hypothesis This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam – I suppose (The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Nuclear Fusion -Also All Stars Rays Are Created By This Method And No Rays Is Created By The Nuclear Fusion Process) And –The 2nd Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The two hypotheses explain how the sun rays creation depends on the planets motions because The Sun Rays Are Produced By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies as the article states AND The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- The two hypotheses are discussed together in 4 Points

First Point (The Gravitational Waves Source)

The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- I provide 2 major proves for this hypothesis which are- (1st proof/ Planet Motion Energy Analysis) and (2nd proof /The Sun Gravitational Field Refutation)

1st Proof / Planet Motion Energy Analysis Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2), Let's ask, where's Planet motion energy? the planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as the fish swimming creates waves in the water the planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see this picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal the planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions energies create waves in the space where each wave moves by velocity equal its planet velocity – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s why? The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit- Note- the moon velocity is 27.8 km/s BUT the Earth and the moon revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity should be considered equal the earth velocity relative to (the sun) – The 1st Proof Conclusion The Planet Motion Energy Creates Waves In The Space Means - The Space Must Have Moving Waves Now -the scientists had discovered waves in the space- And- they considered these waves are produced by The Sun Gravitational Field – BUT Why? The planet motion energy analysis proves the waves must be produced by the planets motions energies- Now let's refute the sun gravitational field theory- the refutation gives support for the conclusion that – the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and NOT by the gravitational field because there's NO Gravitational field.

2nd Proof / The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following (1) The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time- (2) No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity – Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner creation and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion- Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered in the paper abstract and discussions. (3) The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon- (4) The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the initial conditions)- all these are nonsense clearly- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on the planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- let's see it Planet orbital distance equation (my 1st equation) d^2= 4do (d-do) where d= planet orbital distance and do= its neighbor distance

Example- Venus orbital distance (108.2)2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3) d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance d0= 57.9 million km = Mercury Orbital Distance 50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury Venus Depends On Mercury

All planets orbital distances are defined based on their previous neighbor planets orbital distances- the equation is correct perfectly and all planets orbital distances are defined by it- my paper tests and discusses this equation Shortly- planet mass has no any effect on this planet orbital distance definition. Notice Planet orbital distance definition depends on its neighbor orbital distance this fact is proved by many other different methods my equation is one method only of them, all these methods don't use any planet mass- all planets orbits are defined based on their neighbor orbits- (Please note- Newton gravitation equation is wrong- I don't critic it by many critics to short the discussion- but- the fact is that- the light beam created all planets orbits before any planet creation- the light created each planet orbit depends on its neighbor orbit- I prove this fact in the paper discussion- logically this fact kills the gravitation equation because the orbit is created before the planet creation) Notice -Newton is so far from the truth- let's give one more example- Newton told us planet moves by the sun mass gravity- the fact is that- the Sun itself is created by the planets motions energies- that's why Newton ideas are not interesting for discussion because his ideas are imaginary have no part of truth- (5) Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- I define planet velocity in the explanation of the 3rd hypothesis- planet velocity is defined by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in this planet velocity definition.

The 2nd Proof Conclusion The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Gravitational Field- Also-There's No Gravitational Field At All

Second Point (The Gravitational Waves Nature Analysis) Let's ask (1) If The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- How Can The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light While The Planets Move By Low Velocities? Or Generally– regardless the gravitational waves source- how can the gravitational waves move by speed of light? From where the energy is provided to enable the waves to move by the speed of light? (2) Can the gravitational waves be reflected in the solar system? what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties, features and nature? (3) Can the gravitational waves energy be increased? Means can one gravitational wave move by low velocity and this wave motion is accelerated to move by high velocity motion? again from what source the energy is provided and how the acceleration is done? (4) If the gravitational waves are produced by the same gravitational field (The physics book states "the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field") does that mean all gravitational waves move by equal velocities? can some waves move faster than the others? why and how? (5) If the planets data are reflected on each other – can we discover the geometrical reason behind this features? Planet velocity is example where the velocities are defined by the rule (v1v2= constant) this rule tells the velocities are reflected on one another- why the velocities are reflected on each other? what's the geometrical reason behind? suppose the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system, why this cause the planets data to be reflected on each other?

(6) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Because the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light) but the waves moves by speed of light only (C=300000 km/s) how the value (C^2) can be produced by the waves motions? (7) If the gravitational waves produce a light beam, does that mean the waves use electric field to produce this light beam? Is there another method to produce a light beam doesn't use electric field or charges? (8) If the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system can we discover that? can we prove that? and can we know in what planet orbit the reflection is done and if the waves are reflected many times?

The Gravitational Waves Properties, Features and nature Here I compare between the two theories about the gravitational waves source and their effects on the waves properties- 1st Theory (The Physics Book Theory) The physics book states, the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field- this theory tells little about the gravitational waves properties and nature because the mass gravity concept is puzzled and not understood for that the waves properties and features are puzzled also- let's test this idea- In The Sun gravitational field theory no one knows how the mass gravity force works and if the gravity needs time to work- or if the gravity creates a geometrical design to practice the effect of one mass on the other- the mechanism is not clear and for that the gravitational waves are not clear- for example – no one knows why the gravitational waves can move by speed of light or what waves move by this speed and in what planet orbit or if the wave motion velocity is accelerated gradually from low velocity to high velocity– we shortly know nothing about these gravitational waves- let's ask more questions- are these waves reflected and what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties and nature- where do these waves go? And what's the useful result of these waves energy? can these waves energy be used at all? are there just moving energy in space without an useful goal or result? And The new article tells the gravitational waves move by speed of light can produce a light beam? How these waves can produce a light beam by their motion? DEEP ANALYSIS I wish the respectful reader notices the major change in vision by this article-because- the physics book states the sun rays is produced by the sun nuclear fusion- here- the source of energy is the sun mass and the used method is the sun nuclear fusion- and the light beam is produced Let's put the new article here again This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- the light beam is created by the gravitational waves motions- the article tells- the light beam can be produced by the Motion Energy – The article tells (The High Velocity Motion Can Produce A Light Beam)- here the article removed simply The Sun Nuclear Fusion Machine- the whole machine be useless because the light beam can be produced by (the motion energy)- I wish the respectful reader sees the miracle and wonder behind- There are 2 major changes (1st Change) The source of energy The source of energy is the motion energy– No longer the sun mass be used as the sun rays source of energy- BUT – the motion energy is used as the source of energy – here- the fatal error of the sun nuclear fusion theory is seen clearly – because- the solar system is so rich in motion energy- the moving planets since thousands of years provide massive motion energy stored in the space- and by that- the solar system is very rich system in the motion energy- and we should ask (why do we need an outer source of energy?) why the solar system doesn't use its massive motion energy to produce the light beam? Also if the massive motion energy is not used- where's this massive energy? because it can cause continuous risk for the soalr system stability if no way to use this stored massive energy The sun nuclear fusion theory is completely wrong because it doesn't see the massive motion energy stored in the solar system (2nd Change) the light beam production machine The gravitational waves motions can produce the light beam- this is stated by the article but how? by what method the gravitational waves can produce the light beam? The article doesn't explain how the gravitational waves can produce a light beam? But I put an explanation for this method in my theory discussion

2nd Theory (My Theory) I suppose the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- let's remember my theory because we will use it in the waves properties discussion I asked –where any moving body produce energy by its motion =(1/2 mv^2), where's Planet motion energy? The planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as fish swimming creates waves in the water planet motion energy creates waves in the space- means planet moves and creates waves in space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity by that- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves in the space and creates waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions create waves move by these planets velocities – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s = the planets velocities total

I explained this theory before in more details- now – let's discover the gravitational waves properties and features in details- let's put this analysis in the next point (third point) because we need to analyze the wave reflection process to discover the waves properties and features

Third Point (The Gravitational Waves Reflection)

Let's ask Question No.(1) If the gravitational waves move by velocity 205.8 km/s, how can they move by speed of light? How the velocity 205.8 km/s can be accelerated to be 300000 km/s (speed of light) and where this acceleration is done? Another question can help greatly this discussion Question No.(2) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light (C=300000 Km/S)- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Let's think how to answer this question- these gravitational waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) but the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light)- means- the wave velocity is squared- and how can the wave velocity to be squared? This feature I have discovered in the solar system- the waves are reflected and the reflection causes to square the velocities- means- the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the gravitational waves before the reflection moved by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) and the reflection causes the velocity to be squared- by that- after the reflection the gravitational waves speed is squared and changed from the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) to be (C^2= squared speed of light) and the light beam is created from this value (C^2) Means- the waves reflection is the method by which the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) is changed into (C^2)- that means- without the waves reflection NO light beam can be created. Notice– the waves reflection is proved strongly in the solar system because it causes to reflect the planets data- means- huge amount of planets data proves the waves reflection–we may remember one example – planet velocity is defined by the rule (v1v2=constant) this rule proves the planets velocities are reflected on each other The paper provides hundreds of similar data proves the waves reflection AND The waves reflection causes to square the velocity- this feature is repeated in the solar system frequently – because- the waves are reflected three times in the solar system for that the velocity squaring is a feature repeated with each reflection and by that the planets data provides a strong proof for it- Shortly- The waves reflection causes to square the velocities- now- let's use this feature to know how the unified wave its velocity (205.8 km/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)- (Please note this unified wave is the gravitational wave)

The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light The unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by 205.8 km/s and it's reflected, the waves reflection causes to square the velocities (205.8 km/s)^2 = 42683 km/s Means the unified wave after the reflection moves by a velocity 42683 km/s BUT If a particle moves by speed (=0.99 C=297000 km/s), this high velocity motion causes to create relativistic effects specially Lorentz length contraction effect with rate 7.1 Means- the distances should be contracted by the rate 7.1 BUT The waves reflection causes to reflect the geometrical effects and by that the rate (7.1) will cause to increase the length in place of the length contraction- means- the distances will be increased with (7.1) as a result for Lorentz length contraction effect The velocity 42683 km/s will be 42683 x 7.1 = 300000 km/s (Speed Of Light) That explains how the gravitational waves move by (205.8 k/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) NOTICE No. (1) Please note the important observation Without 7.1 the velocity will be only 42683 km/s (even after the waves reflection) and NOT the speed of light That tells- the light beam production process depends on the previous light beam production process- means- a motion by (99%) of speed of light should be found before the wave reflection occurrence and without this motion with (0.99 C) the gravitational waves can't move by speed of light because we need a source for Lorentz length contraction effect with rate (7.1) That tells the light production process is done in chain process, the new light beam production depends on the old light beam and if this dependency is removed the gravitational waves can NOT move by the speed of light and No light beam can be created in this case NOTICE No. (2) We need to pay more attention for the importance of the motion by the speed of light- because the technique of the machine depends on the waves reflection- means- the waves can increase its velocity only by the reflection process – now the reflection causes to square the velocities- this is very important news why?? Because - If the waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s), the waves reflection will produce the value (C^2= squared speed of light) and from this value the light beam can be produced Now – suppose the wave velocity is less than speed of light- suppose the wave moves by speed = (90%) of the speed of light= (270000 km/s) - the waves reflection will square this speed that will produce (0.81 C^2) which is NOT (C^2= squared speed of light) and as a result No Light Beam Can Be Produced (CONT) Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292 Physics Department- Physics & Mathematics Faculty Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow (2010-2013) E-mail mrwaheid@gmail.com, mrwaheid1@yahoo.com gergesgerges@yandex.ru ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-7147 Facebook https://www.facebook.com/gergis.tawadrous VK https://vk.com/id696655587 Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/blog/itsgerges Livejournal https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/profile Pocket https://getpocket.com/@646g8dZ0p3aX5Ad1bsTr4d9THjA5p6a5b2fX99zd54g221E4bs76eBdtf6aJw5d0?src=navbar box https://app.box.com/s/47fwd0gshir636xt0i3wpso8lvvl8vnv Academia https://rudn.academia.edu/GergesTawadrous publications http://vixra.org/author/gerges_francis_tawdrous Slideshare https://www.slideshare.net/Gergesfrancis