#recombinant dna

[whats-in-a-sentence]

The Boston Globe's view of the response at MIT to the decision by the lay members of the Cambridge Experimentation Review Board to allow recombinant DNA experiments to continue in the city.

"Frankenstein's Footsteps: Science, Genetics and Popular Culture" - Jon Turney

[iobartach]

i want to 🤝 the hand of any muse that's able to detect / sense that there's something a liiiitle bit off about miguel 👀 that he isn't your standard, run-of-the-mill, stumbled-into-his-powers-by-chance kind of empowered guy. no-noooo, there was a certain amount of consideration put into this spider freak's creation, and in this house, we're not gonna shy away from the horrors inherent in that reality👍

[science-sculpt]

A snip, a splice : Power of rDNA Technology

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the blueprint of life, holds the secrets to the intricate workings of every living organism. But what if we could manipulate this blueprint, adding, removing, or tweaking its code? This revolutionary concept forms the core of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology, a powerful tool that has transformed biology and medicine.

The story starts in the early 1970s with two brilliant scientists; Stanley Cohen at Stanford University and Herbert Boyer at the University of California, San Francisco. Cohen, a microbiologist, had been studying plasmids – small circular DNA molecules found in bacteria. Boyer, a biochemist, was an expert on restriction enzymes – molecular scissors that could cut DNA at specific sequences. Their collaboration proved groundbreaking. They envisioned combining these tools to create the first ever recombinant DNA molecule. Cohen provided the plasmids, which would act as vectors to carry foreign DNA into host cells. Boyer, on the other hand, used restriction enzymes to cut both the plasmid and the desired foreign DNA, allowing them to be pieced together. Through meticulous experimentation, they successfully created the first recombinant DNA molecule, forever altering the course of biology.

Cohen and Boyer's work wouldn't have been possible without the earlier discoveries of restriction enzymes. These "molecular scissors" were independently identified by three separate research groups in the 1960s. Werner Arber in Switzerland, along with Hamilton Smith and Daniel Nathans in the US, unraveled the role of restriction enzymes in bacterial defense mechanisms. These enzymes helped bacteria defend against invading viruses by cutting up their foreign DNA. Recognizing the potential of these "genetic scalpels," the groundwork was laid for their application in rDNA technology.

Here's a simplified breakdown of the rDNA process:

Isolation of DNA: The journey starts with isolating DNA from a donor organism.

Cleavage with Restriction Enzymes: Specific enzymes cut the DNA at defined sequences.

Selection of Vector: A carrier molecule (often a plasmid) is chosen to transport the recombinant DNA.

Ligation: The DNA fragments and vector are stitched together using DNA ligase, an enzyme.

Transformation: The recombinant DNA enters a host cell (usually bacteria or yeast).

Selection and Expression: The transformed cells are selected, and the gene of interest is expressed, leading to the desired protein production.

Since its inception, rDNA technology has played a pivotal role in several groundbreaking advancements. Let's take a whirlwind tour through some of the most significant moments in R-DNA history:

1978: Birth of Insulin on the Factory Floor: Scientists achieved a feat of genetic engineering by using R-DNA to produce human insulin in bacteria. This marked a turning point for diabetics, offering a readily available and more consistent source of this life-saving hormone.

1980s: Gene Wars and the Rise of GMOs: The 1980s saw the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Plants were engineered with genes for insect resistance or herbicide tolerance, sparking debates about the safety and ethics of this technology. R-DNA research continues to be at the forefront of discussions regarding genetically modified foods.

1990s: The Human Genome Project Sets Sail: This ambitious international project aimed to sequence the entire human genome. R-DNA techniques played a crucial role in deciphering the 3 billion letters of our genetic code, opening doors for personalized medicine and a deeper understanding of human health and disease.

2000s: Gene Therapy Takes Center Stage: The first successful gene therapy trials for inherited diseases like severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) took place. R-DNA technology offered a glimmer of hope for treating genetic disorders by introducing healthy genes to replace defective ones.

2010s and Beyond: CRISPR Takes Over: The emergence of CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene editing tool based on R-DNA principles, has ushered in a new era of genetic manipulation. With unprecedented precision, scientists can now edit genes in various organisms, holding immense potential for gene therapy, crop improvement, and even the eradication of diseases.

But with great power comes great responsibility, and R-DNA raises a host of ethical concerns.Tinkering with the building blocks of life carries the risk of unintended consequences. Engineered genes could escape and disrupt ecosystems, or modified organisms could have unforeseen health effects. The ability to edit human genes opens the door to designer babies, raising questions about social equity and the potential misuse of the technology for eugenics.

Who Controls the Tools? Access to R-DNA technology could be restricted to wealthy nations or corporations, exacerbating existing inequalities. Biosecurity is also a concern, as the technology could be misused for bioterrorism. Creating entirely new organisms forces us to confront what it means to be "natural." Should we modify plants and animals for human benefit, or preserve their original forms? R-DNA technology is a powerful tool, and we must have open discussions about its ethical implications. Scientists, policymakers, and the public all need to be involved in shaping the future of this technology. As we move forward, open dialogue and collaboration between scientists, policymakers, and the public are crucial to ensure the safe and ethical application of this powerful technology.

The journey of rDNA technology is a testament to human ingenuity and its potential to reshape our world. From decoding the secrets of life to creating solutions for healthcare, agriculture, and beyond, rDNA technology continues to evolve, promising a future filled with exciting possibilities.

[daisuki-daisuke]

13 . 04 . 24 || Virology & rDNA tech

i forgot to update the studyblr yesterday, but i finally got done with my virology practical yesterday. they went absolutely amazing. practical and viva, both.

now onto my next subject, which is rdna. i started it yesterday. the syllabus is quite vast. so i have decided to divide it based on things im confident in, things that i know can be covered easily and quickly and things that i find difficult.

[dwead-piwate-meggers]

Three-quarters of my kids’ grandparents have brown hair and brown eyes.

Naturally, I have a blonde kid and a blue-eyed kid.

Because genetics.

[airises]

What is Biotech? Unlocking the Power of Biology

“Unlocking the Power of Biology: Biotech Innovations Transforming Our World” Biotechnology: Revolutionizing Industries and Improving Lives Biotech, short for biotechnology, is a rapidly evolving field that combines biology, genetics, and engineering to develop innovative solutions for various industries and aspects of our lives. From healthcare and agriculture to environment and energy, biotech…

[medicomunicare]

R-loops work with TERRA project at the G4 telomere meeting: and ILF-3 is not the correct option to erase SASPects

Telomeres are specialized structures at the ends of linear chromosomes that protect genome stability. At their level, particular forms of chromatin may be found. G-quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical nucleic acid structures pivotal to cellular processes and disease pathways. Deciphering G4-interacting proteins is imperative for unraveling G4’s biological significance. Very recently, scientists…

[soumyafwr]

https://app.socie.com.br/read-blog/144372_recombinant-dna-technology-market-analysis-size-share-and-forecast-2031.html

Recombinant DNA Technology Market Analysis, Size, Share, and Forecast 2031

[123567-9qaaq9]

Recombinant Protein Expression Market Outlines, Future Trends, Insight And Quality Analysis 

Recombinant protein expression is a powerful technique used to produce proteins in large quantities by introducing the gene encoding the protein of interest into a host organism, typically bacteria, yeast, insect cells, or mammalian cells

The Recombinant Protein Expression  was valued at $2,393.0 million in 2023 and is expected to reach $6,963.6 million by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 11.27% between 2023 and 2033

Gene Expression Analysis Overview 

Selection of Expression System: The choice of expression system depends on factors such as the size and complexity of the protein, desired post-translational modifications, and downstream applications. 

Common expression systems include bacterial (e.g., Escherichia coli), yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae), insect cells (e.g., Sf9 cells), and mammalian cells (e.g., Chinese hamster ovary cells).

Cloning of the Gene: The gene encoding the protein of interest is isolated and cloned into an expression vector. The vector contains regulatory elements such as promoters and enhancers that drive gene expression in the host organism.

Transformation or Transfection: The recombinant expression vector is introduced into the host organism by transformation (in bacteria and yeast) or transfection (in insect cells and mammalian cells). 

Protein Production: The host cells are cultured under optimized conditions to produce the recombinant protein.

Protein Purification: After protein expression, the recombinant protein is purified from the host cell lysate or culture supernatant. 

Market Segmentation

Segmentation 1: By Application

Segmentation 2: By End User 

Segmentation 3: By Product

Segmentation 4: By Expression System

Segmentation 5: By Region

Protein expression in North America is a dynamic and crucial field with a significant impact across industries. 

The region, especially North America, is a global leader in biopharmaceuticals, relying extensively on protein expression for producing biologics, including monoclonal antibodies and vaccines. 

North America holds the largest share of the protein expression market

Download our sample page now click here !

Application for  Recombinant Protein Expression Market 

Drug Discovery 

Structural Biology 

Disease Modelling 

Enzyme Production 

Vaccines Development 

Therapeutic Proteins 

Immunoassays 

Key Market Players 

Agilent Technologies, Inc.

Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.

Charles River Laboratories International, Inc.

Danaher Corporation (Abcam plc.)

GenCefe Co., Ltd.

Genscript Biotech Corporation

And many others 

Market Dynamics

Market Drivers 

Increasing Demand for Protein Biologics Creating the Need for Protein Expression 

Market Restraints 

Long and Complicated Regulatory Timelines and Approvals of Recombinant Proteins and Biologics

Market Opportunities 

Rising Awareness of Proteomics in Emerging Countries 

 Visit our Life Sciences & Biopharma page for better understanding 

Key factors contributing to the growth of the recombinant protein expression market 

Expanding applications of recombinant proteins in drug discovery, biomanufacturing, and diagnostic assays

Rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the need for innovative therapies.

Recent Developments in the Recombinant Protein Expression Market

In January 2024, Evosep, a leader in sample preparation for mass spectrometry-based proteomics, partnered with Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., a global scientific leader, to advance clinical proteomics research. This collaboration would combine Evosep's sample separation technology with Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.'s mass spectrometry instruments, enhancing proteomics research capabilities.release would support pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies engaged in the manufacturing of therapeutic proteins, with the goal of improving product quality and expediting time-to-market.

Key Questions Answered 

Q What is the estimated global market size for the protein expression market?

Q What are the future trends expected in the protein expression market?

Q What does the supply chain and value chain of the protein expression market look like?

Q  What is the regulatory framework of the protein expression market?

Q How has the COVID-19 outbreak affected the future trajectory of the protein expression market?

Q What are the market entry barriers and opportunities in the protein expression market?

Q What are the major market drivers, challenges, and opportunities of the protein expression market?

Q How is each segment of the protein expression market expected to grow during the forecast period, and what is the anticipated revenue generated by each of the segments by the end of 2033?

Q What is the growth potential of the global protein expression market in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Rest-of-the-World, and what are the driving and challenging factors of the market in each of these regions?

Q Who are the leading players with significant offerings in the protein expression market, and what is the current market dominance for each of these leading players? Who are the next frontiers in the protein expression market?

Conclusion 

In conclusion, the recombinant protein expression market continues to thrive and evolve as a vital component of numerous industries, including biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and research

[laxmandige05]

As per the report from nova one advisor, the global recombinant DNA technology market size was valued at USD 767.84 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 1,202.46 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.11% from 2023 to 2032 according to a new report by Nova One Advisor.

[luckydige45]

As per the report from nova one advisor, the global recombinant DNA technology market size was valued at USD 767.84 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 1,202.46 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.11% from 2023 to 2032 according to a new report by Nova One Advisor.

[daisuki-daisuke]

15 . 04 . 24 || rDNA tech

istg i love indian teachers who upload entire long videos, on a topic explaining everything in detail and from the basics. they connect the current topic at hand to the core and foundations of the subject and it helps you remember it so well. plus they provide you with notes too which can be quickly read and reviewed.

[ceramicbird]

i start college on wednesday can somebody please hit me over the head with a brick

[wrizard]

wrizard's super basic guide to y-chromosome-based identification!!

for those interested, on this fitzcovery day:

a dear friend asked me to explain why i felt completely insane about the phrase "genetic distance of one" and, as usual, i got overexcited and wrote an entire thing about it complete with goofy images! it's on twt HERE, but i figured it would also be nice to pop it up here also. SO. with the caveat that it has been many years since my last bio class and this is VERY OVERSIMPLIFIED. here's

Human DNA is grouped into chromosomes. We generally have TWO of each chromosome: 22 pairs (numbered 1-22), plus one pair of sex chromosome (typically either two X-chromosomes (XX), or one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome (XY)). That's 23 pairs, or 46 chromosomes, in total.

When producing sex cells, matching chromosome pairs will RECOMBINE (swap bits of information) - eg. one Chromosome 4 will remix itself with the other Chromosome 4, making TWO UNIQUE C4s. When the cell splits into two sex cells, each sex cell will carry ONE unique C4.

That's sexual reproduction! Every new offspring is genetically unique - new combinations of traits pop up quickly, and if they improve reproductive fitness, can be passed on to future offspring. This allows for rapid adaptation and changes in a species over time.

But what about Y-chromosomes, which don’t have pairs? They can't recombine in the way paired chromosomes can - which means Y-chromosomes pretty much only change via mutation (errors in copying DNA). Mutation is VERY slow, especially compared to recombination.

This means that when an XY parent passes down their Y-chromosome to a child, chances are high that chromosome will have few, if any, changes – as opposed to X-chromosomes, which recombine in both XX parents and children, shuffling genetic information all over the place.

Due to this slow rate of change, Y-chromosomes can be more easily tracked through the generations than other human chromosomes. A Y-chromosome might be passed down nearly unchanged for hundreds of years from genetic father to genetic son.

GENETIC DISTANCE refers to the measurement of difference between two sets of DNA. The lower the genetic distance, the more closely related the two samples are likely to be. A genetic distance of 1 means the samples are close to identical.

Because we know how slowly Y-chromosomes change over time, we know that if the Y-chromosomes of two people have a low genetic distance, this implies that those people are paternally related – even if the two people live/lived hundreds of years apart.

In the case of Captain James Fitzjames, genetic data was extracted from a set of unidentified remains (a molar from a disarticulated mandible). 17 genetic markers from the molar’s Y-chromosome were compared to the Y-chromosome of a confirmed paternal relative of the Captain.

Those 17 markers were the same in both samples, giving the two Y-chromosomes a genetic distance of one – meaning, with the genetic information available, the living relative and the unidentified decedent are more than 2000 TIMES more likely to be paternally related than not.

EDIT: DOIP I MISREAD THE CHART 16 of 17 match, not all 17!!

Along with all the information we have from the historical record, the context of the remains, and this new comparative genetic analysis, we can safely conclude that this particular set of remains belong to Captain Fitzjames.

160 years isn't long in the grand scheme. Every identified set of remains is another reminder that these were people, not just a distant curiosity. It's humbling to remember not just that we have identified Cpt. Fitzjames, but that still, today, we have a genetic distance of one.

Photos and Y-chromosome comparison chart taken from Stephen, Fratpietro, and Park's paper "Identification of a senior officer from Sir John Franklin’s Northwest Passage expedition" from the Journal of Archaeological Science: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X24003766?via%3Dihub

hope my nonsense is helpful and/or informative and/or at least made you smile!! if you like this sort of thing :) cheers doves