#I GUESS LMAO.
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wrizard's super basic guide to y-chromosome-based identification!!
for those interested, on this fitzcovery day:
a dear friend asked me to explain why i felt completely insane about the phrase "genetic distance of one" and, as usual, i got overexcited and wrote an entire thing about it complete with goofy images! it's on twt HERE, but i figured it would also be nice to pop it up here also. SO. with the caveat that it has been many years since my last bio class and this is VERY OVERSIMPLIFIED. here's
Human DNA is grouped into chromosomes. We generally have TWO of each chromosome: 22 pairs (numbered 1-22), plus one pair of sex chromosome (typically either two X-chromosomes (XX), or one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome (XY)). That's 23 pairs, or 46 chromosomes, in total.
When producing sex cells, matching chromosome pairs will RECOMBINE (swap bits of information) - eg. one Chromosome 4 will remix itself with the other Chromosome 4, making TWO UNIQUE C4s. When the cell splits into two sex cells, each sex cell will carry ONE unique C4.
That's sexual reproduction! Every new offspring is genetically unique - new combinations of traits pop up quickly, and if they improve reproductive fitness, can be passed on to future offspring. This allows for rapid adaptation and changes in a species over time.
But what about Y-chromosomes, which don’t have pairs? They can't recombine in the way paired chromosomes can - which means Y-chromosomes pretty much only change via mutation (errors in copying DNA). Mutation is VERY slow, especially compared to recombination.
This means that when an XY parent passes down their Y-chromosome to a child, chances are high that chromosome will have few, if any, changes – as opposed to X-chromosomes, which recombine in both XX parents and children, shuffling genetic information all over the place.
Due to this slow rate of change, Y-chromosomes can be more easily tracked through the generations than other human chromosomes. A Y-chromosome might be passed down nearly unchanged for hundreds of years from genetic father to genetic son.
GENETIC DISTANCE refers to the measurement of difference between two sets of DNA. The lower the genetic distance, the more closely related the two samples are likely to be. A genetic distance of 1 means the samples are close to identical.
Because we know how slowly Y-chromosomes change over time, we know that if the Y-chromosomes of two people have a low genetic distance, this implies that those people are paternally related – even if the two people live/lived hundreds of years apart.
In the case of Captain James Fitzjames, genetic data was extracted from a set of unidentified remains (a molar from a disarticulated mandible). 17 genetic markers from the molar’s Y-chromosome were compared to the Y-chromosome of a confirmed paternal relative of the Captain.
Those 17 markers were the same in both samples, giving the two Y-chromosomes a genetic distance of one – meaning, with the genetic information available, the living relative and the unidentified decedent are more than 2000 TIMES more likely to be paternally related than not.
EDIT: DOIP I MISREAD THE CHART 16 of 17 match, not all 17!!
Along with all the information we have from the historical record, the context of the remains, and this new comparative genetic analysis, we can safely conclude that this particular set of remains belong to Captain Fitzjames.
160 years isn't long in the grand scheme. Every identified set of remains is another reminder that these were people, not just a distant curiosity. It's humbling to remember not just that we have identified Cpt. Fitzjames, but that still, today, we have a genetic distance of one.
Photos and Y-chromosome comparison chart taken from Stephen, Fratpietro, and Park's paper "Identification of a senior officer from Sir John Franklin’s Northwest Passage expedition" from the Journal of Archaeological Science: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X24003766?via%3Dihub
hope my nonsense is helpful and/or informative and/or at least made you smile!! if you like this sort of thing :) cheers doves
#james fitzjames#the terror#wriz writes#wriz draws#I GUESS LMAO.#cw bones#finally a use for my 4/5 of an anthro minor 🙏
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no szeth hair mention in the flashback chapter. i'm choosing to picture him as a bald little child like aang
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we should talk more to our rp partners / mutuals
#while i'm at it.#the beastie boys died for my right to party. / munchie‚ general.#okay to reblog.#i guess lmao.
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If you skip a meal Senshi will materialize next to you w/ food at the ready
#(rins the one talking off-screen btw)#kabru is shit at taking care of himself and regularly forgets to eat#once senshi finds out he is gonna make it his duty to feed that boy bc god knows hes not gonna do it himself#whats kabru gonna do. stop him? lol. lmao even.#kabru#kabru of utaya#senshi of izganda#dungeon meshi#delicious in dungeon#dungeon meshi spoilers#this is intended to take place post-canon so like. its implied i guess?#dunmeshi spoilers#art#my art#xanders art#digital art#fan art
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Feels good to draw something stupid again
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Ah. Shit. I took an edible and I can. Already tell that I'm gonna get really fucking needy.
Uhhhh AMA while my brain leaks out between my legs ig.
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so all i've been doing is playing hades 2
#my art#hades 2#hades ii#melinoe#hades supergiant#like for three consecutive nights i dreamt that i was full on playing this game up until [redacted] anyways early access has been so fun#like [spoilers i guess for the weapons] i find it so fun to use the axe. this is a first for me LMAO
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i present another offering of a meme redraw for y’all
#doctorsiren#mob psycho 100#reigen arataka#shigeo kageyama#mp100 fanart#meme redraw#digital art#my art#procreate#Reigen’s hands got very rendered while Mob’s handsh should be ignored /silly#the original image had a girl with long hair do it was flipped and blocking what her other arm was doing#so I just guessed LMAO#I love doing these so so much
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I feel like I have some of the most random headcanons. but I am lowkey obsessed with the fact that John Dory is so much older than Branch that he potentially could have dated their friends'/peers' parents, and/or anything else funny and possibly entertaining that the large age difference entails lmaokskssbcdsbcjdh
edit: part two
#trolls#dreamworks trolls#(I headcanon that JD is 18 years older than Branch)#branch does not compute all that that entails lmao#also the possibility that he could have been getting bullied by his nephew lmao#okay okay i'll stop#my art#trolls branch#trolls poppy#broppy#trolls john dory#john dory#trolls creek#trolls oc#freesia#every one of my troll posts so far has an oc yay yippe :P#brozone#trolls band together#trolls spoilers#i guess#trolls comic#comic#trolls fanart#that second panel branch is so in love and i am so in love with the fact#and then the third panel poppy is so in love and i'm just GYAAAAHHH 🥺🥺🥺
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'Sup! Started making a longer Radioapple fancomic, takes place some time after S1 ending.
CW :canon divergence,violence, pre-relationship, 7 deadly sins mention
I'll be posting 3 pages each time! page 4-5-6
#Radioapple#appleradio#Hazbin Hotel#lucifer morningstar#this has a ton of personal hc lol#fancomic#my stuff#double edged fancomic tag#just tagging it for peeps who wants to read it later#also we have no idea how the inside of the new hotel looks so I just improvised I guess lmao
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Kamala Harris does want "transgender surgery on illegal aliens that are in prison", btw.
So since Trumpists are getting mad enough about the jokes to actually cite their sources, I thought I'd put the source out into my left extremist commie faggot echo chamber, too.
The claim originates from an ACLU questionnaire she filled out for her 2020 presidential candidacy, specifically this section:
She wasn't given a new questionnaire for 2024, and has stated that while her policy on some things may have changed, her values had not. (This most likely means she moved more to the center to appease larger demographics and cut corners to reach compromises. The basic politician stuff.)
It boils down to this: If you're in prison, whether for "illegal" immigration or other crimes, you rely on the state to provide you with necessary amenities, like food and health care. Her argument isn't "hell yeah everyone in prison should get sex changes for free". It's "gender affirming surgery is a necessary medical procedure. If you are in the states care while this becomes necessary, the state should provide it." If you're outraged by your tax money being used on this, consider the massive amount of people being incarcerated in for-profit prisons, on your dime. Then ask yourself if maybe a prison reform might be in order.
Worth noting: In 2015, while Attorney General, Kamala Harris actually argued against providing gender-affirming surgery to an incarcerated trans woman, claiming that HRT and psychotherapy were sufficiently covering her medical needs. She has since obviously changed her stance and assumed responsibility. (I would like to take this moment to remind my fellow left extremist commie faggots that "willingness to learn and rethink your views" is infinitely more valuable than "perfect from the start and unwilling to listen to anyone")
Also found in the source: This image of Kamala Harris participating in the 2019 San Francisco Pride Parade, wearing what I believe to be a sequin rainbow embroidered denim jacket.
I encourage you to read the provided CNN article and the answers to the ACLU questionnaire, as they give great insight into her values.
TLDR: Based.
#we dont have to get into the fact that most prisons fail to provide bare necessities to inmates because you make more money that way#thats not what the post is about#it is frankly baffling to me that the orange wet bag somehow referenced an actual policy stance#i wasnt aware he knew how to do that#fox news had covered it the morning of the debate so i guess thats how i found out about it#but i didnt know he knew how to read#transgender#transgender surgery on illegal aliens that are in prison#politics#us politics#kamala harris#election 2024#queer#trans#ramble#still think that one guy in my comments was a bot tho lmao#better a bot than this stupid#long post#go vote#vote blue#register to vote#vote so we can have transgender surgeries on illegal aliens that are in prison
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this was fun
#you shit talked me under the table talking rings and talking cradles I wish I could unrecall how we almost had it all dancing phantoms on t#e terrace are they second hand embarrassed that I can’t get out of bed cause something counterfeit’s dead#mlb#miraculous fanart#miraculous lb#miraculous ladybug#miraculoustalesofladybugandcatnoir#adrien agreste#gabriel agreste#emilie agreste#I wanna tag this shitposting but I guess it’s not LMAO#feeling weird abt this 🤨#I’ve never done like a series of images so tummies thought it would be funny to explore the agrestes w/ this#always thought of Emilie as a musical gal idk
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Siblings!
#greek mythology#my art#the iliad#iliad#odyssey#the odyssey#Odysseus#penelope#odypen#Ctimene#helen#helen of sparta#helen of troy#i guess#clytemnestra#castor#pollux#castor and pollux#I love making them resemble each other lmao#except for the quadruplets#epic the musical#iphthime#I JUST REALIZED I GOT THE SPELLING OF HER NAME WRONG
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stayed gone but you're the sinners watching/listening
(AKA I spend an unnecessary amount of time editing)
#osrs.mp4#screen positions in the beginning are accurate to the transitions btw cause you can see specifically which screen it is in the transitions#also it starts at the news broadcast because NO ONE heard vox's intro. cameras weren't rolling yet#hardest part was trying to figure out how to do the alastor parts LMAO#guess vox can look like he's struggling against nothing and screaming at a radio why not#hazbin vox#hazbin hotel vox#vox#vox hazbin#vox hazbin hotel#hazbin alastor#hazbin hotel alastor#alastor#alastor hazbin#alastor hazbin hotel#alastor the radio demon#radiostatic#staticradio#onewaybroadcast#I know it's just stayed gone but who in these tags wouldn't want to see stayed gone right#hazbin hotel#1k#2k#5k
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Do You Love The Color Of The 413?
#HOMESTUCK#413#HOMESTUCK 413#john egbert#dave strider#rose lalonde#jade harley#vriska#kanaya#terezi#karkat#HAPPY 413 YAYYYYYY!!!!!!!!#THIS TOOK ME 4 DAYS PLEASE LOVE IT#AHHHHHHH IVE NEVER MADE ANYTHING THIS BIG BEFORE#IT'S NOT AS FINISHED AS ID LIKE- LIKE I USED A LOT OF JUST MULTIPLICITY LAYERS FOR SHADING BUT#I DONT HAVE MUCH TIME LMAO#ALSO IM PRETTY SURE TUMBLR WILL EAT THE QUALITY SO PLEASE CLICK TO ZOOM LOL#ART#MY ART#heavens. i dont know if i should tag all the characters?#ill only tag the bigger characters i guess#since so many are in there#it's supposed to be transparent and not black#but apparently tumblr will turn transparency white if the photo is too large#fucking great
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