#probably 19c

[galina]

Couldn't resist this gorgeous ornately carved wooden panel above a mantelpiece in the boardroom at Fortnum & Mason

[burningvelvet]

Why Mr. Rochester and Bertha Mason Couldn't Get a Legal Separation; or, the Utter Madness of Marital Laws

So I saw a Jane Eyre post discussing why Mr. Rochester and Bertha Mason couldn't get a legal marital separation. I've thought a lot about this topic, and in order to procrastinate writing the final for my upper-level Brontë class, I've decided to write this sort of convoluted analysis instead. I know many others have written about this subject, but I wanted to explore a bit further on my own.

Preliminary context about me, the Brontës, their Byronic inspiration, etc.: I've learned a lot about 19th century British marriage laws recently in my classes on old British literature, as well as by having studied Byron, whose marital separation in 1816 was a notorious part of his history & also reverberated through 19c literature. He refers to this separation in many of his works, most famously in his notorious poem "Fare Thee Well." Harriet Beecher Stowe, the most famous American female writer at the time, was friends with Lady Byron and wrote a book defending her called "Lady Byron Vindicated: A history of the Byron controversy from its beginning in 1816 to the present time" (the original callout post).

Insanity accusations did factor in to Byron's separation. Many scholars have remarked how the Queens of Byronic Criticism, the Brontë sisters, took significant inspiration from their well-worn copy of Moore's biography Life of Byron when creating their works. The Brontës would have been very familiar with marriage laws not only due to their knowledge of Byron's trainwreck of a marriage, but also due to being well-educated women at the time who knew that marriage was the most important economic decision of one's life and could very well make or break a person. As a result, marriage plays a significant role in their novels.

More relevant preliminary context about the novel: Jane Eyre actually takes place in the Georgian era, despite most adaptations and anaysis presenting is as a Victorian piece due to the novels publication date (this drives me crazy; same goes for the other Brontë books). Marriage laws did not change drastically from the time the novel is set to the time Brontë was writing the novel, but things were a bit different socially. Rochester was also married 15 years before his attempt to marry Jane. According to this very good analysis, Rochester and Bertha probably married in or around the year 1793: https://jane-eyre.guidesite.co.uk/timeline.

Now, here are the reasons why Rochester couldn't separate from Bertha:

1) Insanity wasn't grounds for divorce/separation in the Regency era.

Rochester himself says that he couldn't legally separate from her because of her insanity, which presumably rendered any of her faults null on the grounds of that marital vow "in sickness and in health." This is possibly one of his biggest reasons:

"I was rich enough now – yet poor to hideous indigence: a nature the most gross, impure, depraved I ever saw, was associated with mine, and called by the law and by society a part of me. And I could not rid myself of it by any legal procedings: for the doctors now discovered that my wife was mad — her excesses had prematurely developed the germs of insanity [..]"

2) Divorce was nearly impossible anyway.

There had only been around 300 divorces in English history at the time. Almost all of them were husbands divorcing their wives for committing adultery. Only a handful of divorces had succesfully been obtained by women, and they were only in cases where the husband had committed incestuous adultery or bigamy, and was extremely physically cruel. So technically after his bigamy attempt, Bertha may have had more grounds to obtain a divorce than Rochester would have, if only she were lucid enough to do so. However, in that scenario infertility would have helped their case, and Adèle's existence would have harmed their case if he attempted to seek a divorce before marrying Jane. Though as the novel explains, Adèle is probably not his, she definitely would have been used against him, as would the fact that he kept Bertha's existence a secret in England. But he wouldn't have tried for divorce that late in the game anyway, considering it was one of the most difficult options.

3) Female adultery was your best bet at divorce or separation, and this probably wasn't applicable to Mr. & Mrs. Rochester.

Although some scholars claim that there is subtext hinting that Bertha was adulterous (which some adaptations, like the 2006, include), you needed substantial proof of the adultery, which Rochester may not have had if it did occur. Being a proud man, he also wouldn't have wanted to be humiliated in that way by letting it be publicly known (as shame is one of his main reasons for hiding their marriage to begin with).

However, I lean toward the idea that Bertha may not have committed adultery. If she definitively did, seeing how affected Rochester was by Céline cheating on him (he shot her lover in revenge and left her with a stipend), if he ever suspected adultery on Bertha's part then I'm sure he would have been at court the very next day. I also think Rochester tries not to be too much of a hypocrite, and he is well aware that he himself is an adulterer, so he probably doesn't want to accuse Bertha of a crime he's committed and which he couldn't definitively prove she did.

Rochester does talk about hating Bertha's "vices" when they lived together, citing drinking, arguing, cruelty to servants, cursing, her being "unchaste," a "harlot," etc. - the last epithets, combined with her supposed lack of morality, and her being described as seductive, heavily imply that adultery could be added to her list of offenses. However, if she did truly cheat on him as well, I don't see why he wouldn't plainly tell this to Jane as well. I would imagine it would be his first complaint, and it would probably be considered his most justifiable reason against her by their cultural standards.

I don't see why he wouldn't jump to take Bertha's infidelity as an opportunity to defend his own actions, considering how open he is with Jane about his own adultery and being cheated on by Cèline Varens. While I can see how some of the textual evidence may strongly suggest Bertha's adultery, we cannot be fully certain, and that may be because Rochester himself is not fully certain. I cannot see why he wouldn't have sought legal advice on that account alone.

In short, if Bertha was an adulterer, there must have been no evidence to convict her.

Also: while the double-standard may seem odd and trivial to us, the reason why female adultery held more weight than male adultery has entirely to due with old patriarchal inheritance laws; i.e the risk of a wife getting extramaritally pregnant and passing the illegitimate child off as her husband's heir was considered too great of an affront. A man could have as many bastards as he wanted because he would know they were bastards and were not at risk of inheriting his stuff. One needed legitimate heirs to justify passing on one's ancestral wealth to. Essentially, marriage was a mere economic tool, and the economy was and is inherently patriarchal. I digress.

4) Rochester's lack of social & economic leverage, and risk of social ruin in general.

Only the wealthiest of the wealthy could obtain divorce or official separation, and it often led to social ruin. Rochester is rich, but he has no title and no great network of supporters due to being a younger son and having been abroad for most of the past 15 years (this was the length of his marriage to Bertha, stated by Mr. Briggs during the bigamous wedding attempt). He doesn't have as much leverage as Lord and Lady Byron had.

To continue on official separation, like Lady and Lord Byron obtained. Just like divorce, this was also a messy and scandalous legal proceeding, and required numerous good reasons to obtain, and being well-connected Lords and Ladies really helped your case. You also needed many witnesses and written statements as evidence. Bertha's family, as we see with Mason, would have been unhelpful to Rochester, and due to his shame and secrecy, no one could really testify on his behalf I'm assuming.

5) Unofficial separation would have been inconvenient, especially in regards to living situations.

Aside from divorce, which was extremely rare, extremely controversial, and only for the wealthiest members of society — there were unofficial and official separations. An unofficial separation was simply living apart from one another. I've often wondered why Rochester didn't simply move Grace Poole and Bertha somewhere else, but my main theory is that it would have been cost ineffective, and due to his family who were implied to be shitty, he probably really didn't want to live at Thornfield anyway so thought it would be convenient to place her there. Rochester says it would be dangerous to place her in his other residence of Ferndean:

"[..] though I possess an old house, Ferndean Manor, even more retired and hidden than this, where I could have lodged her safely enough, had not a scruple about the unhealthiness of the situation, in the heart of a wood, made my conscience recoil from the arrangement. Probably those damp walls would soon have eased me of her charge: but to each villain his own vice; and mine is not a tendency to indirect assassination, even of what I most hate."

6) Annulment was likely impossible given their circumstances.

Annulment means evaporating the marriage, acting as if it never existed, that it was a mistake. This was rare and only granted in unique circumstances, and I believe it was more common with aristocracy and royals. I believe you could possibly get an annulment if you could prove that the spouse was insane at the time of the wedding and you did not know. However, Bertha did not begin to truly deteriorate until after they had been living together for a bit. And while Rochester says that he did not know her mother was in an asylum until after the wedding, having an insane mother doesn't mean that you are insane, which Bertha clearly wasn't at that point, at least not in a way that people would have publicly acknowledged, since Rochester says she attended parties and her hand was highly sought after.

Generally, the longer a marriage had gone on, the harder it was to prove why it could not go on. Rochester says that he and Bertha "lived together" for "four years" in Jamaica while her condition deteriorated and he tried to make things work. And again, after the wedding he found out her mother was "mad, and shut up in a lunatic asylum." So we have more reasons for Rochester's difficulty: the fear of Bertha going to an asylum while she was still mostly lucid in those first four years, combined with the fact that they openly lived together and certainly must have consummated their marriage (things which would further prevent annulment), and were certainly publicly recognized as a couple in Spanish Town society, and her family wanting the marriage to continue so she could have children of "good race" i.e. to produce heirs.

Here's an important passage that to me suggests that Rochester and Bertha not only had an initial flirtation but likely consummated their marriage, likely had a passionate sexual relationship for some time, and likely implies his feelings for her were more complex than we'd initially assume, making annulment not so clear-cut of an option to him at the time:

"My father said nothing about her money; but he told me Miss Mason was the boast of Spanish Town for her beauty: and this was no lie. I found her a fine woman, in the style of Blanche Ingram; tall, dark, and majestic. Her family wished to secure me because I was of a good race; and so did she. They showed her to me in parties, splendidly dressed. I seldom saw her alone, and had very little private conversation with her. She flattered me, and lavishly displayed for my pleasure her charms and accomplishments. All the men in her circle seemed to admire her and envy me. I was dazzled, stimulated: my senses were excited; and being ignorant, raw, and inexperienced, I thought I loved her. There is no folly so besotted that the idiotic rivalries of society, the prurience, the rashness, the blindness of youth, will not hurry a man to its commission. Her relatives encouraged me; competitors piqued me; she allured me: a marriage was achieved almost before I knew where I was. Oh, I have no respect for myself when I think of that act! — an agony of inward contempt masters me. I never loved, I never esteemed, I did not even know her."

7) Spousal abandonment wasn't possible, and on some level he honored his legal and financial obligations to her and the Mason family.

Bertha's family likely refused to house her for legal and personal reasons, and spousal abandonment was forbidden due to the husband's financial responsibility as well as the law of coverture (a wife became her husband's full legal responsibility; some say "property"). Like we see in Anne's Tenant of Wildfell Hall, if a woman ran away from their spouse they would have to live in obscurity and be at risk of being sussed out. You couldn't just abandon your partner. Still, people did, because it was the easiest route to take.

But the more upper-class you were, and the more financial entanglements you had, the more inconvenient this was. We know that Rochester and his family became enmeshed with the Mason family, and he got a lot of money from Bertha, so her father likely would have taken him to court. At any rate, Rochester was legally bound to bring Bertha with him to England when he left Jamaica. If he attempted to abandon her in Jamaica, the backlash it would have brought would have brought him social ruin and foiled his chances at getting away with any bigamy attempts.

All this brings us to a further notice of Bertha's family situation. Based on Charlotte Brontë's positive comments about Rochester's character (https://www.tumblr.com/burningvelvet/731403104856195072/in-a-letter-to-w-s-williams-14-august-1848) I see no reason to suspect him, like many feminist critics do, of being an unreliable narrator or of lying about Bertha Mason's history. Everyone is entitled to their opinions, and in mine, that is simply not the novel Charlotte wrote. By her own admission, she wanted his narrative to be a path to further goodness.

It makes no narrative sense for our explanation of his and Bertha's history to be full of lies when he's trying to make ammends with Jane, who never suspects him of lying during his admission, but who does critique him and figure he'd tire of her like she was one of his many mistresses. Jane wonders if Rochester would lock her in an attic too, which he refutes on the basis that he loves her more than he loved Bertha when she was sane, and so he would care for Jane himself. Jane also tells him that it's not Bertha's fault that she's mad. So in my opinion, if Charlotte wanted us to believe Rochester was lying about his and Bertha's history to make himself look better or Bertha look worse, I don't see why she would have been vague about it, and I don't see why Jane wouldn't have called it out like she does everything else. I don't think Rochester is really a villain who locked his harmless wife in the attic for giggles; I think he weighed most of his options and found, like most people back then and even today, that keeping his problems locked up and ignored was the best solution.

Now, on with the point. I have often wondered why Rochester didn't simply "unofficially separate" from Bertha by leaving her with her family when he left. Why did he take her to England? Why didn't he just run away? It wasn't because he was an evil villain who wanted to keep her as a trophy. It's because 1) I don't think her father would have let him, as he was so quick to marry her off, 2) he felt obligated to her, and 3) it was criminal for men to abandon their wives, and it would have attracted publicity, which is what Rochester was avoiding by taking Bertha to England and sheltering her in secrecy.

Many claim that Rochester's adultery is a betrayal of his wife; and while religiously, narratively, socially, we can accept this statement, it was not legally a crime. While Rochester does honor his financial and legal obligations to his wife and her family, he does not take the religious part of the vows into account, and that's why he's cosmically punished and only rewarded after he repents, as he explains toward the end of the novel.

Another interesting point is that when Rochester recounts his decision to move back to England, he tells us that Bertha had already been declared insane in Jamaica and that she was already confined there (presumably around the 4 year anniversary before they left), meaning her father probably knew about confinement:

"One night I had been awakened by her yells (since the medical men had pronounced her mad, she had of course been shut up) — it was a fiery West Indian night; [..]"

Locking away "insane" people was standard procedure then, and if this was done with Bertha's father's knowledge, considering he locked his own wife away in an asylum, then this further absolves Rochester of a lot of the blame in my opinion. It more than likely wasn't his idea to lock her away, but the advice of "the medical men" and presumably her father's consultation as well.

8) Even if he divorced or separated from her, he couldn't remarry. Attempting these, or getting caught attempting abandonment, would have brought negative publicity that would have likely prevented the success of any future bigamy attempts. To him, secrecy and bigamy seemed better chances at securing happiness than the social ruin and likely failure the other options would have brought him.

Aside from Rochester's own explanation (which I supplied in #2 re: the separation veto inherent to Bertha's insanity), the other biggest reason as to why Rochester wouldn't seek a separation/divorce even if she hadn't been declared insane and even if he were willing to accuse her of adultery truthfully or not, is due to the fact that one could not legally remarry upon separation or divorce (unless you were Henry VIII and got God's permission lol). Rochester's impossible dream is that he wants to be married to someone he really loves, and if secrecy and bigamy are his only options then he is willing to succumb; this is shown in numerous passages:

"[..] I could reform — I have strength yet for that — if— but where is the use of thinking of it, hampered, burdened, cursed as I am? Besides, since happiness is irrevocably denied me, I have a right to get pleasure out of life: and I will get it, cost what it may."

"I will keep my word: I will break obstacles to happiness, to goodness — yes, goodness; I wish to be a better man than I have been; than I am — as Job's leviathan broke the spear, the dart, and the habergeon, hinderances which others count as iron and brass, I will esteem but straw and rotten wood."

"Is there not love in my heart, and constancy in my resolves? It will expiate at God's tribunal. I know my Maker sanctions what I do. For the world's judgment — I wash my hands thereof. For man's opinion — I defy it."

Closing remarks on the above's validity: I can't cite all my sources because a lot of this stuff I learned from lectures via my professor who specializes in 19th century English literature & history. But here's some recently published information from a historian, taken from "Inside the World of Bridgerton: True Stories of Regency High Society" by Catherine Curzon (2023):

"And if you were one of the newly-weds, you really did hope things would work out, because in the Regency till death do us part wasn't just an expression. As the Prince Regent himself had learned when he separated from his wife within eighteen months of their marriage, obtaining a divorce in Regency England was no easy matter. He never achieved it, and for those who did the stakes could be high and the cost ruinous in every sense."

"Until the passing of the Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857, which legalized divorce in the civil courts, it was governed by the ecclesiastical courts, and the Church didn't end a marriage without very, very good reason. Even these divorces didn't allow a couple to remarry, though, and they were more akin to what we would today call a legal separation, with no shared legal or financial responsibilities going forward. It was freedom, but only to a point."

"The only way to obtain a complete dissolution that allowed for remarriage was to secure a parliamentary divorce, and these were notoriously difficult to obtain. They began with a criminal conversation case, because they relied on adultery by one of the parties to make them even a slight possibility. If a woman committed crim. con., her life in polite society was over."

[stylecouncil]

Jean Paul Gaultier Fall 2012 Couture

“…Today, mercifully, it was discipline and craft. That's probably what happens when you have a presiding spirit as wayward as Pete Doherty, the voice on the soundtrack, the star of Sylvie Verheyde's adaptation of nineteenth century poet Alfred de Musset's Confession of a Child of the Century, which was the spark of the collection.” - Tim Blanks, Vogue. July 3, 2012.

“The spark for the collection was a period film starring the rocker Pete Doherty, the 19th-century set “Confessions of a Child of the Century”, which Gaultier saw as a juror at the Cannes festival in May. ‘He plays a decadent dandy, but with a lot of charm and seduction,” the couturier said backstage. “When I came out of the film, I just said 'He is going to be my collection'” - Dawn, July 5, 2012

“Speaking about Doherty's 19C character in the film, Gaultier said backstage at the show: "I said 'My God, he is so seductive, a decadent dandy'... And that's my collection."” - Sydney Morning Herald, July 5, 2012.

[pilferingapples]

An Impromptu Ranking of Hugolian Adoptive Parental Figures

Ursus,The Man Who Laughs : I know everyone's going to want Valjean to be first place, but he's not. Ursus takes the lead not only because he's got two adopted kids, but because he does what no other dad-mom-general-adoptive-parent on the list does, and actually does the grubby hands-on work of Raising Kids. He doesn't have maids or nannies or nuns or any help; he's just a guy living in his traveling van and raising up a couple kids (who arrived at his door horribly sick and injured, even, which he manages to treat?? ) with zero support except for a literal wolf. He's honest with them and openly loving and teaches them how to survive in their own time and society. Too bad about the kids existing in a really bleak Hugo novel, but you did great, Ursus. 10/10.

Jean Valjean, Les Miserables: He loves Cosette SO much and tries SO hard! Second place only because (1) during the convent years, he sees Cosette for one hour a day , and while that limitation is definitely not his ideal choice,it does mean he's just not the constant primary caregiver the way Ursus is and (3) More Trauma means More Problems, and especially So Many Communications Issues. Plus a really really misguided faith in the importance of attaining bourgeoisdom. IDEK , man. Heroic efforts, heroic failures, 18/18 Napoleonic Antithesis Points maybe?

Lethierry, Toilers of the Sea: a decent normal guy raising his niece, who has very normal 19C Dad Faults-- too much trust in stereotyped gender roles, and too much focus on his job at the expense of his domestic life. Absolute middle of the road, not heroic as a parent but also doesn't do anything that makes me go "holy shit NO , dude" . He's just a humanly flawed but caring parental figure. 5/10 complete middle of the road

Cimourdain, Ninety-Three: Listen I LIKE Cimourdain. I respect his whole narrative arc. I think he's probably the most interesting character in the novel. But he loses Parenting Points for (1) not being the primary hands-on caregiver for large chunks of his adopted kid's life and (2) uh. the whole. the thing where he kills his adopted kid. There are circumstances yes I know but still . If you are directly responsible for the death of your kid you are going to lose points in the parenting games. That's just how it is. 4/4 with full symbolic meaning of the number.

Frollo, Notre Dame de Paris: HOLY SHIT NO, DUDE.

Semi-adopted THREE kids and TWO died horribly and he directly threatened the life of the last one. Even before then he's not a GREAT parent, largely leaving the raising of his sort-of sons up to others, locking one up in a single building, letting another fall into addiction, and the third go starving and homeless on the streets. So it's already not doin' great but arguably he's Trying?

But then he wants to bang a teenager, and decides they're all expendable. Absolute worst reason for the absolute worst parenting decisions. 8/8 you ARE the Fatalité , dude, look within and quit blaming your issues on teenagers.

Honorable Mentions: Radoub, Ninety-Three: gets the "like a mother" comparison, goes through a firefight for his adopted kids, stays sweet and cheerful and soft around the babies to the end. Gets set here because he's NOT an adoptive single parent, he's actually co-parenting with the kids' birth mom and they are delightful platonic parenting partners. We wish you, Michelle, and the kids all the best , Radoub! Good job getting out of your novel without killing anyone you love!

Gavroche, Les Miserables: OK he only manages to adopt the momes for an evening, and for an adult I'd be docking All The Points for that, but for an unparented 12 year old he is doing GREAT. He even kept looking for them afterwards! The biggest and most sincere You Tried star for you, Gavroche, it's not your fault you're all getting atomized hard enough to explode a barricade.

Dishonorable Mentions:

Gillenormand, Les Miserables : If you're gonna hold a kid as a financial hostage and destroy his dad's life because the kid's soooooo important to you, you might also try making sure that kid has any way to know that you actually give a damn about him? Maybe at least don't beat him with sticks? Legos be under your feet forever, Gillenormand!

The Slaveowner Uncle in Bug Jargal : absolutely perish

[rattyarts]

could i have the import code for bible accurate (the wobbledog)? i have been trying to breed a biblically accurate angel dog for a few days and have failed every time

Oh I got more biblically accurate angels than you can wobble a dog at! I actually just finished my angel dog breeding project, so here's my personal favs and their codes.

First up is BibleAccurate from that one post. Very blue. Probably the most dog shaped out of the bunch.

60Ba3Fa38F8b8F0EPF^BEc-3D8DCP01C2Bad8a3800=b:B3PF9FA9=0CFfE<0;2<0E3C3a11aFaAc<EbEF^bCF5F74BBB0;74Dp6aB4=38F1^5C=9a;a1EbB6F9Aa3^3<7:4<Dc11;98c1ab;9<<2^b5E030a03CF;4;8A5C;41;:3870F81::4EF^6DY^43CC2CB9FBCd05C1bCCFCFFFElC0F2B^E0UFF017:1A.^81Ba=B0^BHAe4C2=lB1=A10113909EuaA86Ca41FdcE1ceE6dFB0C8F14FDF57F80CEF74^26eb24B432aC3

My personal fav! Has some interesting warped textures in the eye area which gives it this fun eyeshadow-y look. Kind of jittery and horrible at walking.

2^60b2=1EF:037b1b8723^C77D5^b.adF1111A:F48FA04PCCCC8;FC1D80FUECFCuF3a84DB58F5EC;4CBADEAAB0D1Ar<FAb:45D9658F59^=0eca;B<cbE1==aC:19c;=^1a384;24:976;23a7F:686<8:6846aA<430E7F62F<bF26<2B<382Cb.36B00209B5A9CF02F^a0F02P0F30AAk12==3Y1232P0971^6B2BAa^7430^s0693DA0917^3aFF6186C0EBE511a;8Eg5E;bC^3918B73b1EcD2FB8183FC000E4a80

This is Big Flappa, he has big wings.

453E8010338C7A5Db;AD560E1292Fd^1B10890F93D9FD0p0190F9C097^9Eb48c6Fa11A88910Fc^59CF2Db3B50D6FCbDaE301:B7E96D9A4=1b1;FC:aa=C=0;380c4=F7F8=;124:03^=CCDE;8C=8;;8C34c35;A3=f=64=3D1F2a<43^BC29F0<eFFFFF.FFFD8^A^FFCLHga=9 l3C7C68=079F4F1:^0^.373FE2C99BeFFbBp10BAC1aCiC3CCa41aFb80F7a:D7F3FAa9Cc2;1FFh80I6bdB87836:8^7c1^A7E880FB

The main goal I was aiming for with this project. Six heads, six legs, and TEN wings, along with a rad color scheme that only resembles pee a little bit.

F3C7ACa0E=D04e^b8F;1306F1E8b03F1E10F082b83688bi8= a1A3^aAF19B810a47598d68672a0FBCC=01f28088i0=FB3304Fr32F;D06C:230a088;;4ca74a3=4bd58CB=04C2<:F7377B04;=78:793:1C2a38DC3^3FA4c=F0:=C=19b7931aC<9F.13FC^F^0^aEFF2P0FA83sUPPP38.g3^0487C2CFD35^76s0538F1t9s;:a8hb09cE=C93CF00b;7BBDa=j371aA:90Y44F8DF5e00n6FE783j2^671AC:^6F8^5

Enjoy your abominations!

[noosphe-re]

Etymology of 'mentor'

"wise adviser, intimate friend who also is a sage counselor," especially to one who is young or inexperienced, 1750, from Greek Mentor, in the Odyssey" the name of the friend of Odysseus and adviser of Telemachus (but often actually Athene appearing in disguise). The name perhaps ultimately means "adviser," because in form it is an agent noun of mentos "intent, purpose, spirit, passion" from PIE *mon-eyo- (source also of Sanskrit man-tar- "one who thinks," Latin mon-i-tor "one who admonishes"), causative form of root *men- (1) "to think" [Watkins]. Compare monitor (n.). Often capitalized, even in the general sense, into mid-19c. The general use of the word probably is via later popular romances, in which Mentor played a larger part than he does in Homer. Related: Mentorship.

—Etymonline.com

[morvantmortuary]

you wanna see the thing I’ve been cracking myself up with the past couple days? (again, thanks to @pamelasensei)

so I realized now that thank to her immense talents, I have two versions of tiny!Maxi

and when I had them next to each other in the folder I have on my phone of everything everyone’s ever made of the Morvants ever (I spend a lot of time in this folder), I suddenly noticed a stunning resemblance

(featured below)

you see it, right??

and it’s perfect. maxi is just a polite person most of the time, and used to keeping his emotions in check around wildly emotional people for work, so this pointed side eye is exactly how he’d handle most things 😂

which led to some of the following

or perhaps

but then there’s certain things that would test even this ability to keep composure

for example:

(I lifted this screengrab off the post of someone who wanted to shame women for reading dark romance, aka 19C remix)

(this is again not meant to shame the author or readers, obviously I too write weird kinky shit in funeral homes, this is purely Maxi reacting to the premise as a mortician himself)

anyway! I have a bunch of these saved on my phone now but I wont spam yall with them here. they will probably appear scattered across my blog every so often lmao. and if you need a tiny mortician to help you express your own side eye, feel free to save the original (and share, I love seeing people being goofy with the Morvants!)

hugs to all, and thanks again to Sei 🖤 my adhd meds run out tomorrow and my replacements haven’t shown up yet, so it’s gonna get extra absentminded for a couple days :’D

last one bc it’s true lmao

[thistransient]

- I had a post go as viral as I’ve ever had a post go (~1100 notes in a couple days), and now new people are following me, I’m sorry guys, if you’re here for the goose, that was a one-off. Not to say there will be absolutely no future geese whatsoever, but my content is mainly about my life hanging out in Taiwan, and occasional nostalgic throwbacks to past travels.

- In the winter you can tell which foreigners have been in Taipei a while and which are new arrivals by who’s trotting around in t-shirts and who’s bundled up like we’re about to have a snowpocalypse at 19C/67F. As I now fall into the latter category, I feel free to give some hard side-eye to the former.

- In fact, I think it’s everyone wearing the puffy coats these days that makes being crushed in the MRT at 8 am tolerable, maybe even...a little bit...cozy? (This line of thinking is probably a sign of severe touch starvation.) Regardless, being pinball’d around the train car whenever everyone shoves their way out at transfer stations is an infinitely better experience when all elbows are well-padded. 

- Continuing with the MRT theme, I was taking the train home with a friend the other day and asked if I could touch him, with the intent of putting my head on his shoulder in exhaustion but also wanting to be 100% clear this was platonic touch. He told me this would be unacceptable if I were female and weird if I were male, but seeing as I was [gender] “neutral”, I could have at it. Neither the answer nor logic I was expecting, but okay, it’s affirming in a way, I’ll take it? 

- Last but not least, there’s some documentation on anaesthesia temporarily changing one’s sense of taste and smell, but I’m not really sure what’s currently rendering my nose averse to the smell of my go-to breakfast restaurant, and my fave jjajangmyeon flavour instant noodles (which used to be an unfortunate staple of my diet) sadly unappealing- is it that, or simply the fact that I told my friend to splurge on fresh fruit and veg during my recovery and now I’m addicted to cherry tomatoes?

[wellpresseddaisy]

Currently, at chez Daisy

The wind started at about 5:30 this morning, but the temperature stare dropping later last night. Currently it's -3F/-19C.

All the windows look like that right now, but this one is probably the worst since the kitchen isn't heated. It's one of the problems with metal frames. Thankfully, my building has the original radiators and they're keeping us pretty comfortable.

[merrymerryquitecontrary]

i met a bee yesterday, she landed on my pretty blue bicycle so i offered my hand to her and she immediately came on. then i walked over to some flower pots (a market square in the city). and she wouldn't leave for any of the flowers. wouldn't get off of me at all, even though i stuck her in front of several different types of flowers. nope. she kept sitting on my hand, walking around, cleaning herself, sitting again. i offered water, i dissolved a bit of a sweet in some water and still nothing. eventually i concluded that she probably wanted to get warm since it was a cooler day (19C, windy, but 19C is still warm for october), so i just stood there with her for 15 minutes, her little body in my curled palms, to keep as much warmth in as possibly. after a while, with no warning, she just flew off. cute.

I wanted to share my video here as well, thank you for all the love and kind comments I’ve received so far ~ by katharinawallen

Original audio

This warms my heart ...

[fucktherain]

12 April 2024 (Fri) 1:14 pm

ENTRY II

Good afternoon. I’m still really ill. At this point I’ve got a wet towel (that was supposed to be cold but my body heat has made warm) draped on my face and I’m praying to God that this will end soon. I am even considering believing in the divine if I get better. I’m really hungry, but I’ve lost my appetite. I want to eat fresh fruits to feel cooler, amongst other necessary groceries I need / that I’m running out of. I’ve also got a package I need to pick up at the concierge but I really can’t bear the thought of going out. I don’t want to do my makeup (yes I’m quite self conscious and I feel like I look quite bloated) to go out, but I also don’t want to go out bare-faced (even though I know nobody cares). The concierge and the nearest supermarket (Waitrose) are literally like within 2 minutes walk (basically downstairs from me), but I’m feeling absolutely horrible. I’ve showered last night, but I feel so hot and uncomfortable. I’m sorry I’m complaining again, but I have to get it out of my system. I feel like I can’t complain to anyone else in my life because.. who wants to listen to someone complain? And won’t take help? Like, what can you say to that person? I don’t want to inconvenience anyone, and I know it gets irritating, so this is my place to vent.

Possible solutions is to force myself to go out. Get myself together and get what I need, though it’ll exert myself (I can barely get up without feeling faint – I felt like I was about to pass out a few times these past 3 days) and probably feel worse off. Or, I could get an uber delivery from a supermarket and have it delivered right to my door, but I’ll still have to go out because I have a package I need to retrieve. And also, quality of the groceries may be poorer (they don’t care about the quality of what they’re grabbing). I don’t know. But all I know is I’m in so much pain. My throat has gotten really, really sore as well. The first 1 or 1 and a half days it was fine, but now it hurts to swallow and I have green / yellowy phlegm. Yes, gross, but that’s what’s happening.

Also, the other night, I was thinking about how my period’s been a few days late and I got really paranoid. I did a test and I’m fine. Thank god. I’m not pregnant. It would’ve just been absolutely the cherry on top. I probably would’ve really tried to off myself a that point. Sorry for the suicidal joke. I really need to get better with less self-deprecating statements. 

I feel like I need so many things. I bought some makeup to try to make myself feel better, and it’s arriving tonight. But the essentials - like a face ice pack, fuck. I need it. I’m actually heating up so much. This illness feels like it’s been going on for a week already. Okay. Look on the bright side. Without going through this shit, I probably wouldn’t have resolved to get better. The rain will end. Eventually it has to, some way or another.

–

I just walked to my living room window to check the weather and temperature. I still felt faint. But what’s lifting my mood is that it’s actually a nice day. It’s sunny for once, and the temperature seems to be just right. It’s 19C, but it feels a bit warmer (at least from my flat). I might go out. I think I will. I don’t want to waste this sunny Friday afternoon, and it’ll do me some good to get fresh air. I didn’t realize how stagnant the air was in my flat – especially my bedroom. I kept it dark, windows shut, just me and my blankets in bed. I still feel sick as fuck, but I’m going to try. This is a bigger step today for me. See? The doom and gloom does expire. I just needed to change my perspective and wait. 

4:48 pm

I did my groceries and I retrieved the package. Some issues arose with a second package I’m receiving today but it’s fine now. I got a bit stressed out but at least it’s okay now. After unpacking my groceries, I went out again. Since it’s such a nice day out, and I’m still living a 10 minutes’ walk away from the famous Greenwich Park, I took another leap. I think that’s an improvement. I still feel sick but at least I’m out in nature. It’s a bit windy but at least the sun is out. I still feel simultaneously hot and cold. My goal here is to write as a form of self improvement. With me, I have so many thoughts and when it’s all just rattling around inside my skull, I just go stir crazy because I’m not really processing them. And historically, writing it all down helps because there’s a sort of… logical process to it. I don’t know if anyone else gets what I’m saying. But historically, it’s been helpful for me. Also, I can’t talk to anyone about my problems. The only one that can help me is me. I feel like I’m at a high risk of sounding very cliche. I’m sitting at a bench but I feel really self conscious with all the people walking past me. I think I’m going to move.

7:24 pm

I bought a book and got my second package. At the park, my boyfriend messaged me asking if I was free. I said yes. He told me to go to his. I didn’t want to get him sick, so I asked him if he was sure. He assumed that I got over my illness. Eventually, the conversation got to the point where he said ‘if we don’t talk we’ll fall apart’. I know that. I just felt like he didn’t want me around and that he needed his space. I always want to be with him. I want to talk to him always. I want everything to turn out well. I was just waiting for him. So I got home. I’m still in physical pain. 

But at least today I can say I:

journalled

got out of my flat (for the first time in 3 days)

did my makeup (in less than 2 hours!)

got 2 packages

threw out trash

went to the park

got the necessary groceries

I am proud of myself for setting goals and surpassing them. I honestly thought I’d just be getting groceries and the packages, but I did much more than that. I think my reward for today was the packages. I’m very happy with my purchases. I’m grateful that I have them. I am trying and doing my best, and that is enough. Only I can save myself.

[mayra-quijotescx]

picked up my survivors from the latest art show yesterday (3 of the 4 I submitted, but the economy is in shambles so I'm honestly grateful I sold even one) and was remarking on how my opera fanart ones never* sell, maybe I need to just lurk outside the Wortham Center with a small foldy table and yell at passersby to peruse my wares until security chases me around the building, haha I'm just kidding... UNLESS?

and I spent a little while combing through the HGO website for any potential networking opportunities, and was delighted to learn that they have a queer-centric social group that is free to join if you purchase their smaller package of curated opere! How adorable! And yes, any such group is sure to already be crammed solid with artists far more talented than I**, but artists also tend to love each others' work and engage in the hallowed Passing Of The Same $20 Bill in their admiration. So I click through to see which three works of the 23-24 season made the cut for such a group...

...and one of them was Madame Butterfly.

*drags hands down face* I am so tired. Puccini wrote at least four opere in his life, we don't have to keep trotting out the most*** orientalist thing he ever did. We are nearly a quarter done with the 21st century! There are thousands of other opere that this house could put on! I will never for the life of me comprehend who is clinging to this milk-aged disgrace of a show nor why! Did you know Japan has opera houses of its own now, and presumably opera composers, and definitely opera performers? Maybe give one of their stories a shot instead of Giacomo "Heard About A Japanese Lady Once Through Several Rounds Of 19th-Century Telefono The Night Before His Project Was Due" Puccini? Even if you are absolutely compelled to trot this tired storyline out yet again by whatever deep pockets you're forced to hitch a ride in because we don't fund the arts properly in this country, surely

surely

you could at least have one of the other four works in the season be your second of three shows in the curated mini-season for the queer social group. They're doing a world premiere of Intelligence, about pro-Union women spying to undermine the Confederacy during the US Civil War! That could be fascinating! Or how about The Big Swim, the world premiere of the story of the Lunar New Year Race, which is actually written by people of the story's respective culture? That one's even in February, around the same time as the dusty outdated artifact they're rolling with instead! WHAT IS THE REASON.

*sigh* should i just. call and see if I can still go without dignifying MB with a ticket purchase. Or am I overreacting and should I just suck it up, buy the ticket package, and just not attend that show.

_ *except, in one happy instance, my extremely dramatic Pagliacci one of an eye with clown paint drawn to taper into a bloodstained dagger. God, I was proud of that one. And someone even bought it last year! **[Tony Soprano voice] it's a stereotype and it's offensive ***actually it's probably tied with Turandot for Worst Thing To Emerge On An Opera Stage From 19c. Yellowface Hell. Turandot is also a Puccini work, incidentally. Goddammit, Giacomo.

[edmunds-voyage]

Departure and turning around (May 17 2023)

Frantically made at 5am probably with typos.

Well…things haven’t got as planned, again. We’ve been anchored in the bay by the La Have river for a few days now awaiting better conditions to motor south, again. One week ago we actually finally left Lunenburg. With great fanfare seemingly the entire population of Lunenburg (like 75 people-this is a joke) showed up at the dock to see us off. After a speech from the mayor we SAILED off into the harbor. Actually sailed! The plan was to set just a few sails, but with perfect weather and wind conditions we set all the square topsails (lower and upper on the fore and main) and all the fore and aft sails. With the engine totally off we hit 8 knots; faster than a typical clip in the trade winds!

We spent the next 2 nights in rose bay at anchor as a test period. Making sure all is well with the ship, and to give us time to adjust to life on the ship NOT tethered to land. The weather was actually pretty nice, and we were doing the final bits of preparations for the 3+ weeks at sea Panama.

I’m VERY fortunate to have been put on projects bending on sails and replacing rigging lines. Sometimes being a smaller human being is a positive, and that’s very true when going aloft. There’s lots of running rigging lines/wires/metal stays to weave through whilst getting out on yards. Many times the best position is sitting on laying belly down on top of the yard in order to use both hands effectively. While anchored we bent on a t’gallant sail, the second highest one. It was awesome, though quite windy and cold up there. I also got to do a quick solo job replacing a broken line on the main course. That felt nice! It was a good experience to come down and see I kinda fucked up when furling and tying down the sail-which was hard to do alone! So back up to fix it.

After getting everything that could move secured we headed out into the North Atlantic! We transitioned to 4 on 8 off watch schedule, and I got the 12-4 of course—the shittiest one for sleep :-/ Noon to 4pm and midnight to 4am, with blocks of short sleep in between. Things were rough, in all aspects. It was fucking cold, and we were motoring into straight on headwinds. The seas were NOT calm, and the swells irregular. Even in 5 layers of warm clothing I was cold, it was very damp. With a thick fog layer visibility was near zero. Being on watch means taking the helm and standing lookout, so being in the elements for hours at a time in the middle of the night. Being seasick, constantly cold, and trying to adjust to a different sleep/wake cycle sucks. I paid a lot of money for this! But this shit is the real deal, this ain’t no cruise. This point got driven home immediately…

As I mentioned the seas were pretty “lumpy” as they say. To me it was really rough, but apparently it was moderate by North Atlantic standards. We rise and fall and roll side to side, but the rhythm was irregular. It makes bracing your body difficult. That probably played a part in when someone fell on the deck. No one saw what happened, but she was found unconscious. For a good stretch she was going in and out; awake and then not…with evidence of her hitting her head on something hard (EVERYTHING on this ship is hard/sharp/both). Scary scary stuff. Just a few minutes before this happened the sun broke through, water temps JUMPED to 19C and the air felt warm! We weren’t at the Gulf Stream yet, but getting towards the edge of it. Head injuries are not to be taken lightly though, and so we quickly changed course to nearest land—back to Nova Scotia. Had this happened a day later we’d be anchored in Bermuda, but for some reason we’re seemingly tethered to Nova Scotia. Getting on the helm with a due north course wasn’t something I expected for a loooong time.

24 hours south, then 24 hours back north and here we are. Because of customs and such, we can’t get off the ship. On a team of 6 we’ve been back to straight workdays, replacing a looooot of the running rigging while at anchor. It’s really cool work and I’m happy to be learning a lot. But we work alllll day while everyone else has had trips rowing our small boats around and hanging out on the islands in the harbor. I haven’t had a day off in 3 weeks. This is exhausting for an old man! Also, while anchored we have to do 1 hour stints of watches, that change. I’ve had 1-2am last night, 6-7am the night before, and 3-4am before that. Its right but thankfully goes quickly.

Today after lunch we’re setting off again. Back into the cold and now storm churned North Atlantic. The plan now is to stop at an unknown Caribbean island before hitting Panama. Good news.

3 weeks at sea to go.

[lindsaystravelblogs2]

Day 1, Saturday, 4 March - We’re off!  (And disaster strikes!)

What a wonderful early Autumn day, at least at the break of day….  Too early for the hot air balloons we saw during the week but 5:30 is almost civilised after a couple of 3ams last trip.  Of course, I had been snoozing and watching the clock for at least two hours at that stage.

A quick sanger and a shared passionfruit, probably the last off our own vine this season, and down to Tony’s Taxi - a real taxi this time, but very plush.  Our driver was an Indian gent who wanted to talk cricket all the way to the airport and I ran out of things to say by the time we actually reached our destination.  Then it was an hour or so in a slow-moving conger up to the check-in desk.  They called all those on our flight through because it was getting close to boarding time.  At that stage, we were second in the normal line, but they still pushed a few latecomers through ahead of us until we complained.  We had a learner and a (possibly) experienced woman serving us but neither seemed to have much idea - in fact at times, we weren’t sure who was teaching who and the supervisor was consulted a few times in the almost half-hour it took to process us, with five hundred people in the queue behind us getting increasingly restless.

They wanted to book us and/or our bags right through to Buenos Aires, despite us repeatedly telling them that we had to overnight in Santiago to validate our Chilean visas. Then they decided that they couldn’t give us boarding passes for the Auckland/Santiago leg - despite that exact same process being entirely routine when we did the identical trip two months ago. They insisted that we had to front the counter in Auckland and get our boarding passes there.

The plane left forty minutes late for some inexplicable reason, but that wasn’t a problem because we had a four-hour layover in Auckland anyway.  

I was feeling really sick with reflux and had no medication to help with that – they were in our checked baggage.  Heather had some antacids that I gobbled up pretty quickly, but they didn’t make much difference.  I think I must have had a reaction to some other changes in my medication regime.

We walked the usual few kilometres through both airports and found the International Services desk in Auckland where we waited about 90 minutes before being told it is unmanned and they don’t provide any services anyway - but at least we were told the gate number (18).  Alas, it was 11a, not 18 at all, and 11a and 11b are closed until the flight is called in any case.  We eventually fronted the LATAM desk to get our boarding passes only to find they had no record of us.  Qantas hadn’t entered a whole lot of data that they were required to do and it took three people nearly an hour-and -a-half to recreate and validate that we were real people with tickets to proceed to South America.  Good old Alan Joyce and his incompetent crew at Qantas. Never want to see a Qantas plane again.

In the meantime, our two cases were sitting lonely and forlorn, because if we don’t exist, our cases can’t fly unaccompanied.  But once they got all our details back into the system, they assured us that our bags would be loaded and we could collect them in Santiago.   Famous last words!!!

We were reticketed but because we didn’t previously exist in the system, our original aisle seats (19C and D) had been allocated to other people and we were given 39J and K.  I specifically asked if they were on either side of the aisle and were assured that they were.  Did I say famous last words?

We eventually boarded, late but not too late, to find that Heather had been given a centre seat and nobody on board was interested in helping her shift.  She seat-hopped to at least five different aisle seats, moving from one to the next as other people claimed the ones she was in, until a woman negotiated a swap so she could sit with her distressed granddaughter.  As it turned out, we both ended up with an aisle seat and a vacant seat on the other side, so we weren’t as crushed as we usually are.  Of course, we both had ignorant people in front of us who reclined their seats to the limit.  In my case, I was halfway through a film that I had to turn off because I couldn’t see it a few inches in front of my nose.  ‘No comprende, no comprende’ when I asked the guy in front of me to straighten his seat so I could watch the end of the movie.  Yet I heard him speaking in quite good English later in the baggage collection area.

That, of course, was a farce.  Our baggage did not arrive!  And it seems that we were not the only passengers caught up in Qantas’s evil spell.   Other people from both Melbourne and Sydney were equally distressed because they also had no baggage - despite at least fifteen bags being unclaimed, presumably owned by passengers who were in transit to other cities or countries expecting their luggage to have been booked through to their final destination.

It took us two hours in the baggage area looking for our cases and then reporting their loss.  We had to explain in the most intricate detail what they looked like and provide an inventory of what was in each case - as if we have a comprehensive list of every item! - and where and how we packed them.

Our hotel in Santiago was a longish short walk from the terminal and we arrived exhausted after 26 hours in transit with no sleep at all.  I can never sleep on planes and despite three serious attempts, I never dropped off.  At least my noise-cancelling headphones worked much bett,er this trip for some unknown reason.  They didn’t seriously hurt my ears as they usually do and they certainly cut out more noise than on previous flights.  I could even hear most of the dialogue in the movie and listen a little to their selection of head-banging music. Almost all of the options were pieces I wouldn’t listen to if I was paid, but I eventually found two Three Tenors albums so I listened to some of them.

The Holiday Inn was fine and we shared a single very generous tasting plate in the bar - and we still couldn’t eat all of that.  Then showers and bed with it still broad daylight outside about 30 hours since we got up that morning.

[pilferingapples]

LM 4.8.7

Y'all know i hate Gillenormand right? right

so him having his "worst person you know just made a good point" moment here really burns XD

but he's right! he's totally right! Cosette and Marius getting married in their current known-to-them circumstances is a terrible idea

and as much as Marius--and some readers--might be shocked by the idea that Marius should make Cosette his mistress .... that's how he's been treating her. Only seeing her at night, alone, behind her dad's back, no chaperone...that's not how a man of Marius or Gillenormand's class courts a potential wife. Never mind if they've been "chaste" ; if anyone else found out about how they've been carrying on, Cosette's rep would still be as ruined as if they'd been having freaky sex parties all night. Gillenormand may have 18C libertine morals in conflict with Marius and his 19C Respectability , but in this case it just means Gillernormand is sympathetic and not shocked or treating Cosette like a shameful scandal, just going "sure!! have your mistresses! :D "

Seriously, look at this conversation:

Marius did not reply. M. Gillenormand continued:-- "Then I understand the girl is rich?" "As rich as I am." "What! No dowry?" "No." "Expectations?" "I think not." "Utterly naked! What's the father?" "I don't know."

That is not describing a marriage-ready relationship!

 ...the first time I saw her was at the Luxembourg, she came there; in the beginning, I did not pay much heed to her, and then, I don't know how it came about, I fell in love with her. Oh! how unhappy that made me! Now, at last, I see her every day, at her own home, her father does not know it,

this is an affair. As Gillenormand points out:

 As for the little one, she receives you without her father's knowledge. That's in the established order of things. I have had adventures of that same sort myself. More than one. Do you know what is done then? One does not take the matter ferociously; one does not precipitate himself into the tragic; one does not make one's mind to marriage and M. le Maire with his scarf. One simply behaves like a fellow of spirit. 

(italics mine) There is a way relationships like this are treated by Society and it's not as an engagement.

Honestly...I loathe Gillernormand, but it's occurring to me that on this point, Marius is probably lucky his grandpa is Old School; a parent of Marius' own social morality might never forgive Cosette for this Indiscretion. But for Gillenormand, "pretty girls are pretty girls"; his philosophy, ultimately, has room for a woman of Questionable Virtue marrying up.

Marius , meanwhile, can't even understand that he's actually put Cosette's reputation into question. Marius, you booby.

[sanothebreadpup]

the sonoma vineyards in the show (and probably historically) were such an interesting place of 19c american class, race, and gender politics,,, also hello beautiful color grading screm

Some Ah Toy/Nellie Screenshots S3E1

(Remember Lai excitedly crossing the field to greet Ah Toy?)