#posterior pituitary hormones

[penpoise]

Tropic Hormones: Navigating the Endocrine Symphony

Tropic hormones, a fascinating ensemble in the orchestra of our endocrine system, play a pivotal role in maintaining the delicate balance of hormonal harmony within our bodies. From regulating the thyroid to influencing reproductive health, these unsung heroes are the conductors orchestrating a complex symphony within us. I. Introduction Definition of Tropic Hormones Tropic hormones are…

[mybeautifulchristianjourney]

Living His Word

Enter his gates with thanksgiving, and his courts with praise! Give thanks to him; bless his name! For the Lord is good; his steadfast love endures forever, and his faithfulness to all generations. — Psalm 100:4–5

Scientists and psychologists of the previous century have studied and recognized that gratitude is a positive attribute of life, generally improving one's sense of well—being and cultivating generosity in many ways throughout society. Research in the last two decades of the 21st century has both verified and clarified this idea.

A study just two years ago by the Mayo Clinic confirmed that behavior changes biology. Evidently, the expression of gratitude more rapidly dispenses the hormone oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland (a hormone more generally related to both male and female reproductive functions). Scientists are finding expanded considerations of the hormone in the improvement of the immune system, of sleep, and of mood in cultivating relationships with other people. The summary article concluded that those who determine to express thanksgiving benefit from very positive results.

God, of course, knew of this from the beginning! Throughout Scripture, God reminds His people to be thankful and to express thanksgiving close to 140 times. In our verses for today, through the psalmist, He reminds those who would go through the eight gates of the temple court to begin to set their mind on gratitude. Even while they were walking into the courtyard, they were to begin giving thanks for all the goodness of the Lord. Then, as they entered in, they would be prepared to bless His name; and if they needed any ideas as to what to offer as a blessing, they could remember the constancy and endurance of God's love and faithfulness upon His people throughout all time!

Obviously, what was true for God's people of an earlier era is true for His people today. Begin expressing thanks for the very goodness of the Lord in your life and discover your ability to give praise more readily to God who loves you and desires to draw you closer to Himself.

Glenn Sunshine of the Colson Center recently reviewed the history of the German Lutheran pastor Martin Rinkart (1586–1649) who served in the region of Ellenburg during the outbreak of the Thirty Years War, a time of destruction more dire than that of World War 1. As a city of refuge during the war, because of its surrounding wall, it also became a hotbed of disease and death because of the years of plague throughout Europe. Many sick people found their way and lay at the doors of the church, with Rinkart left alone to tend them and bury the dead. In all, he tended to over 4,500 people who would die, including his wife. It is said that there were days he performed up to 50 funerals.

Surprisingly, amid such daily difficulties, Rinkart penned prayers and hymns of worship that were full of praise, trust, and constant thanksgiving for God's goodness to him. One such table prayer we know well, for it is found in every hymnal of every denomination since its writing: "Now thank we all our God, with heart and hands and voices. Who wondrous things hath done, in whom His world rejoices. Who from our mother's arms hath blessed us on our way with countless gifts of love, and still is ours today."

Rinkart joins the chorus of many others both in the Scripture and throughout the history of the church who found joy in their faith by learning to express deep gratitude to God who loves, protects, and provides for His children throughout the ages. May we continue this habit of the heart throughout this season of thanksgiving.

© 2024 by Bible League International

[expertacademicassignmenthelp]

 How Does The Brain Work?

The brain stands as a marvel of biological engineering, Composing of a multitude of bodily functions ranging from cognition and memory to emotions and sensory perception. Together with the spinal cord, it constitutes the central nervous system (CNS), the command center of the human body.

Composition of the Brain

Weighing approximately 3 pounds in adults, the brain’s main structure comprises about 60% fat, interspersed with water, protein, carbohydrates, and salts. Unlike muscles, it houses a complex network of blood vessels and nerves, including neurons and glial cells.

a) Gray and White Matter

Within the central nervous system, gray matter and white matter occupies distinct regions. In the brain, gray matter forms the outer layer, rich in neuron somas, while white matter constitutes the inner section, primarily composed of axons unsheathed in myelin. Conversely, in the spinal cord, this arrangement is reversed.

b) Brain Functionality

 The brain operates by transmitting and receiving chemical and electrical signals throughout the body. These signals regulate a myriad of processes, with the brain disseminating each input. Some signals remain confined within the brain, while others traverse the spinal cord and nerves, disseminating information across the body’s expanse. This composes neural network relies on billions of interconnected neurons.

Major Brain Regions and Their Functions

1.Cerebrum

Dominating the brain’s landscape, the cerebrum encompasses the cerebral cortex and underlying white matter. It governs a spectrum of functions, including motor coordination, temperature regulation, language processing, emotional regulation, and sensory perception.

2. Brainstem

 Serving as the bridge between the cerebrum and spinal cord, the brainstem comprises the midbrain, pons, and medulla. It regulates vital autonomic functions such as heart rate, breathing, and reflexive responses.

3. Cerebellum

Nestled at the posterior aspect of the brain, the cerebellum coordinates voluntary muscle movements, posture, balance, and motor learning.

 Brain Coverings

a) Meninges

 Three layers of protective membranes, collectively known as meninges, enshroud the brain and spinal cord. These layers — dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater — shield the delicate neural tissue from physical trauma and infection.

b) Lobes of the Brain

 Each hemisphere of the brain comprises four lobes, each harboring distinct functional domains:

Frontal Lobe: Governing executive functions, motor control, and higher cognitive processes.

Parietal Lobe: Integrating sensory information, spatial awareness, and perception of pain and touch.

Occipital Lobe: Specialized for visual processing and perception.

Temporal Lobe: Involved in auditory processing, language comprehension, and memory consolidation.

Deeper Brain Structures

 These encompass important structures such as the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and pineal gland, orchestrating hormone secretion, emotional regulation, memory consolidation, and circadian rhythms.

Blood Supply

The brain receives its oxygenated blood supply through the vertebral and carotid arteries, ensuring adequate perfusion of neural tissue. The main network of blood vessels, including the Circle of Willis, safeguards against ischemic insults and facilitates intraarterial communication.

Cranial Nerves 

The twelve pairs of cranial nerves, originating from the brainstem, mediate a diverse array of sensory and motor functions, encompassing olfaction, vision, facial expression, and auditory perception.

Comprehending the anatomy and functionality of the brain fosters a deeper appreciation of its complexity and facilitates advances in neuroscientific research and therapeutic interventions aimed at diminishing neurological disorders.

Understanding the detailed anatomy and functionality of the brain is crucial for medical students embarking on their journey of study. Expert Academic Assignment Help offers invaluable assistance in navigating the complexities of neuroscience and related subjects. By leveraging expert guidance and support, students can excel in their medical education and contribute to advancements in the field of Medicine. Email us at expertassignment46@gmail.com to embark on your path to scholarly excellence and professional competency.

[oxytocin-lover]

I feel like ruining someone's mood rn. ⋆.*ೃ✧

Have you ever felt like you love someone??

Im not actually sure if it even counts as platonic and familial love too, but love love isn't technically real. Its more of a reaction that people turned into a concept and romanticised it.

You see, when you get that kind of rush of emotions; that kind of warm fuzzy feeling and butterflies in your stomach, its actually a chemical reaction.

Its a release of oxytocin, the love chemical. Oxytocin is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. If you didn't get that, look it up on wiki.

So, everything you feel like your in love, its not love. Its just chemicals. ⋆.*ೃ♡

Love you 🩰🌷🍰

[humancelltournament]

Propaganda!

Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (mRNA translation). Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to form polypeptide chains. Ribosomes consist of two major components: the small and large ribosomal subunits. Each subunit consists of one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and many ribosomal proteins (RPs or r-proteins). The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus.

Human vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin, is a hormone synthesized from the AVP gene as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus, and is converted to AVP. It then travels down the axon terminating in the posterior pituitary, and is released from vesicles into the circulation in response to extracellular fluid hypertonicity (hyperosmolality).

[peptidehgh]

High purity Oxytocin CAS 50-56-6

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. Present in animals since early stages of evolution, in humans it plays roles in behavior that include social bonding, reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth. Oxytocin is released into the bloodstream as a hormone in response to sexual activity and during…

[topskilled]

Lakshmi Fertility Centre

HYPOPITUITARISM

The pituitary gland sits just below your hypothalamus. It consists of two lobes, called the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. The hypothalamus is connected to and communicates with the anterior lobe through a network of blood vessels. It communicates with the posterior lobe by tissue called the pituitary stalk. The hypothalamus sends signals in the form of releasing hormones to tell the anterior and posterior pituitary when to release and secrete its hormones. Malfunctioning of these glands leads to Hypopituitarism which may damage the chance of getting pregnant and maintain fertility. 

SYMPTOMS OF HYPOPITUITARISM:

Hot flashes in the upper body, usually more intense in face, neck and chest.

Irregular periods or no periods.

Loss of pubic hair.

Less production of milk for breastfeeding.

Decreased facial or body hair.

Mood swings.

Fatigue.

Unusual urination and extreme thirst.

Imbalances in minerals such as sodium and potassium, known as electrolytes.

MEDICATIONS:

Treatment for hypopituitarism depends on which pituitary hormones are deficient and the cause of the hypopituitarism. For those reasons, treatments are very individualized. The healthcare team will determine the best treatment plan according to the symptoms. Common treatment options for hypopituitarism include:

HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY:Hormone replacement therapy aims to restore the deficient pituitary hormones to normal levels.

SURGERY:Pituitary adenomas can cause hypopituitarism. Adenomas are tumors formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue caused by genetic mutations. People who have pituitary adenomas may undergo surgery to remove the adenoma.

RADIATION THERAPY:Some pituitary adenomas can be treated using radiation therapy.

Lakshmi Fertility Centre:

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[nklphucle351]

Các hormone sinh ra từ tuyến yên

Các hormone sinh ra từ tuyến yên

Tuyến yên (pituitary gland) là một tuyến nội tiết quan trọng nằm ở đáy não và chịu trách nhiệm sản xuất nhiều loại hormone khác nhau. Các hormone quan trọng được tuyến yên sản xuất bao gồm:

Hormone TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone): TSH kích thích tuyến giáp (thyroid gland) sản xuất hormone giáp (thyroid hormones) để điều chỉnh hoạt động của tuyến giáp và chu kỳ chuyển hóa trong cơ thể.

Hormone ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone): ACTH kích thích tuyến vỏ thận (adrenal cortex) sản xuất hormone corticosteroid, chẳng hạn như cortisol, để điều chỉnh cân bằng nước và muối, và đáng kể ảnh hưởng đến cơ chế phản ứng trước căng thẳng của cơ thể.

Hormone GH (Growth Hormone): GH có vai trò quan trọng trong sự phát triển và tăng trưởng của cơ thể, đặc biệt trong thời niên thiếu.

Hormone PRL (Prolactin): PRL thúc đẩy sự phát triển và sản xuất sữa trong tuyến vú ở phụ nữ sau khi sinh con.

Hormone FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) và LH (Luteinizing Hormone): FSH và LH điều chỉnh hoạt động của tuyến sinh dục, kiểm soát chu kỳ kinh nguyệt ở phụ nữ và sản xuất hormone giới tính nam ở nam giới.

Hormone ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) và Oxytocin: Những hormone này được sản xuất trong vùng hậu tuyến yên (posterior pituitary) và có vai trò quan trọng trong việc kiểm soát nồng độ nước trong cơ thể (ADH) và trong quá trình co bóp tử cung và sản xuất sữa (Oxytocin).

Tuyến yên chơi một vai trò quan trọng trong kiểm soát cơ chế nội tiết và cân bằng hormone trong cơ thể.

[rebeccavoszphlebotomycareers]

Hey There my Pituitary Glands, Today we are reviewing the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (posterior this video) and what hormonal agents they produce. The hypothalamus produces Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH), Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH), Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH), Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH). The posterior pituitary makes the Oxytocin and Vasopressin. Instagram:

[mcqszone798]

Antidiuretic hormone is mainly secreted by the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. This hormone is transported to the posterior pituitary through the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract. The half-life of antidiuretic hormone is 18 to 20 minutes.

[driftingballoons]

The posterior pituitary, while called a gland, is actually made of the axons from the hypothalamus! The hormones ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the cell bodies (in the hypothalamus), then are passed along to the posterior pituitary, where they are stored until needed (much like a child receiving an allowance; they didn’t make the money, but they carry it until ready to spend it)

[kingdrawcse]

A bit of biochemistry for you on Valentine's day...

"For dopamine, serotonin, adrenaline, and oxytocin! And let their flow never end between you two!"

Here's a bit of biochemistry for you on Valentine's day

Dopamine

In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells. The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in the motivational component of reward-motivated behavior. The anticipation of most types of rewards increases the level of dopamine in the brain.

Adrenaline

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication. Adrenaline is normally produced both by the adrenal glands and by a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata, where it acts as a neurotransmitter involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration).

Serotonin

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter. It is the key hormone that stabilizes our mood, feelings of well-being, and happiness. This hormone impacts your entire body. It enables brain cells and other nervous system cells to communicate with each other. Serotonin also helps with sleeping, eating, and digestion.

Oxytocin

Oxytocin is a hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, a pea-sized structure at the base of the brain. It is sometimes known as the "cuddle hormone" or the "love hormone," because it is released when people snuggle up or bond socially.

[assignmentstips]

What structures are present in atrioventricular valves that prevent valvular prolapse?

Question 1 The hypothalamus-pituitary complex can be considered as the master control center for the endocrine system. A. Contrast how the hypothalamus communicates differently with the anterior pituitary gland compared to the posterior pituitary gland. B. Using a specific example, describe the process by which the hypothalamus can direct the secretion of an anterior pituitary gland hormone and the effects at the target organ or tissue. Question 2 Valves promote coordinated forward blood flow during the cardiac cycle. A. What structures are present in atrioventricular valves that prevent valvular prolapse? B. Explain how the semilunar valves in the heart are structurally similar to the valves found in veins. C. What structural and physiological changes occur with aortic valve calcification? Question 3 All formed elements in blood are derived from hematopoietic stem cells. A. If an individual lacked hematopoietic growth factors that allowed for the differentiation of myeloid stem cells into megakaryoblasts, what loss of function will that individual experience? B. Will introduction of thrombopoietin into the system resolve this individual’s condition? Why or why not? Question 4 Hormones can be synthesized from a range of molecules. A. Identify which of the four hormones classes are lipid soluble vs. water soluble. B. Name at least 2 hormones that would be produced at a decreased level if a person has a diet deficient in tyrosine. What physiological changes would result from decreased production of these hormones?

First appeared on Assignments.tips

[sprint-medical-india]

Understanding Parathyroid Disorders - Signs, Cause & Treatments

Parathyroid disorders can affect your quality of life by making it hard to stay awake during the day and tired all the time. So, consult an endocrinologist immediately to get cured.

What is the parathyroid gland?

Parathyroid glands are two pairs of small, oval-shaped glands located near the thyroid gland on the posterior side. Parathyroid glands are just pea size and are part of the endocrine system of your body. Parathyroid glands secrete a parathyroid hormone that controls calcium levels in your bloodstream. 

Why is the parathyroid gland necessary?

The parathyroid gland controls the calcium and phosphate levels in the body. Controls calcium levels by increasing the release of calcium from bones, kidneys, and small intestines. Other functions of the parathyroid gland include:

Releases parathyroid hormone that controls calcium and phosphate homeostasis.

Control absorption of calcium from the food through the intestines

Release of calcium from the kidneys

Stimulates kidney cells to transform weak forms of vitamin D into stronger forms to increase calcium absorption

Promotes proper functioning of nervous and muscular systems

How do thyroid and parathyroid glands differ?

Thyroid gland

Thyroid is an endocrine gland located near both sides of the trachea 

One thyroid gland is present with two lobes joined by isthmus 

Follicular cells release thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Secretion is controlled by pituitary gland

Regulates the carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism

Parathyroid gland

Parathyroid gland is the part of endocrine gland located on the backside of thyroid plan

Four parathyroid glands are present two on each side of thyroid gland 

The chief cells produce and release parathormone (PTH)

Secretion is controlled by circulating calcium levels

Regulates calcium levels in the body

What are some disorders of the parathyroid glands?

Hyperparathyroidism – The overactivity of one or all the glands leads to the excess synthesis of parathyroid hormone. An increase in the levels of PTH will cause a serious imbalance of calcium in your body. High levels of PTH will lead to hypercalcemia, kidney stones, osteoporosis, heart disease, pancreatitis, high acid secretion in the stomach, and other issues. 

Hyperparathyroidism is divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. 

Primary Hyperparathyroidism is related to the secreting of tumors caused by the benign proliferation of chief cells. More common in women than in men. 

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism is a renal disorder leading to hyperparathyroidism. During the heavy loss of calcium, the gland synthesizes more calcium to compensate for the loss causing this condition. 

Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism is an unresponsive parathyroid tissue caused as a result of prolonged secondary hyperparathyroidism. This results in an autonomous release of parathyroid hormone.

Hypoparathyroidism – Decreased parathyroid activity is referred to as hypoparathyroidism. This is most commonly seen due to damage to glands or blood supply to the glands while doing surgery. 

What causes disorders of the parathyroid gland?

The most common cause of parathyroid disorders can be non-cancerous growth of the gland called adenoma or enlargement of two or all of the parathyroid glands called hyperplasia. 

What are the symptoms of parathyroid disorders?

The symptoms of parathyroid disorders include a lump in the neck, difficulty speaking or swallowing, muscle weakness, sudden raise in blood calcium levels, fatigue, drowsiness, bone pain, broken bones, and kidney stones.

The signs of hyperparathyroidism involve less energy, feeling tired, loss of appetite, muscle weakness, constipation, anxiety or depression, kidney stones, bone loss, and hypertension.

The signs of hypoparathyroidism include numbness, tingling, muscle cramps, or spasms.

In what ways are parathyroid diseases diagnosed?

The diagnosis of parathyroid diseases includes increased serum calcium, reduced serum phosphate, high serum PTH levels, X-rays -bone demineralization, and ultrasound or MRI of glands. 

What are the treatment methods for parathyroid disorders?

Treatment methods for parathyroid disorders involve regular monitoring, medication, dietary supplements, and surgery. Surgery is the most effective option to treat this disorder. Consult an endocrinologist immediately to get cured.

Symptoms

Lump in neck

Tired

Altered calcium levels

Bone pain and fracture

Kidney stones

Bone loss

Hypertension

Causes

Noncancerous growth (adenoma)

Enlargement (hyperplasia)

Diagnosis

Detection of

Increase in serum calcium

Decrease in serum phosphate

High serum PTH levels

Ultrasound or MRI

X-rays-bone demineralization

Treatment

Regular monitoring

Medication

Dietary supplements

Surgery

[metagirl]

oxytocin synthesized at the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. The hormone inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-adernal axis, a part of the sympathetic nervous system response, which lowers the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine in the blood.

[mosnet]

im so mad i got so caught up in not infodumping about my Problematic Saito Headcanons that i gave a kind of shitty joke headcanon instead of my favorite non-problematic (mostly) one which is that he has central diabetes insipidus !!!!!!

the tldr for how i came to that is; the same part of the brain that controls oxytocin (the posterior pituitary gland) also controls vasopressin. when there's not enough vasopressin CDI happens. it makes more sense to me if his brain injury doesn't only impact one of the hormones that part of the brain controls and his oxytocin thing is repeatedly stated to be a deficiency/inability to produce it himself, ergo,

anyway his case would be Pretty Fucking Severe if he's not making any vasopressin himself at all, which causes. um. some Possibly Disruptive symptoms (polyuria.) ,, but on top of that i think he did actually get treated for it because it bothered the housekeepers/nannies and his dad enough. and that still lines up with his oxytocin not getting accounted for, because CDI diagnosis doesn't Usually involve actually looking at the pituitary gland itself, just doing a water deprivation test, sometimes a urine/blood test. anyway that means they could miss the oxytocin thing entirely - especially since oxytocin deficiency to such an extent that it seriously impacts your mental health and ability to empathize is to my knowledge fictional i mean Rare to the point that i can't find any papers about it lawl

also it's definitely something where like - aiba could totally give date desmopressin alongside the oxytocin supplement with her magical brain implant powers. as for how it was known that saito's oxytocin was fucked in the first place, i can't quite remember if it's addressed in canon but my idea is that the first year of date being Alive (aiba wasn't around until after that) was a bit rough so they ran tests on him to figure some shit out. and then they were able to extrapolate the information from date's brain to be like, ok so saito's brain was fucked up in the same way. Because Its The Same Brain.

anyway tldr saito pisses buckets and consumes more water daily than the average fish in the ocean. or at least he did when he was unmedicated. and that's why you should aalways take your medicine. the end

🥴 ask game ... brotp for date and/or saito

just did date . im doinfg saito because i can and OOOOOOOOOOOGHGH THIS MOTHRE FUCKRE...

sexuality headcanon: aroace with a side of "admiration of the strong male physique" . its complicated

gender headcanon: agender in a cis way. he doesn't "get" gender and he doesn't think about it and his pronouns are only he/him because he doesn't give a shit

a ship i have: i cannot say Any of these im going to get cancelled

a brotp i have: i cant think of any that i dont just also regular ship........... *SWEATS* WHY ARE YOU DOING THI ST OME

a notp i have: any* of the girls? except for manipulation purposes

a random headcanon: my favorite one is so fucking problematic orz so instead im gonna say that while he was shokomoding he took mizuki out on mommy-daughter dates a few times (for info gathering mostly) and accidentally was a better mother to her than shoko ever was in her entire fucking life. he bought her ice cream without complaining about how "expensive" she was and she was like um. mom are you feeling okay

general opinion: objectively bad rep for every low empathy cluster b in the entire world but hes my babygirl so it's okay

*excluding one which again i cannot say im going to get fucking scalped