#plant mitochondrial genome

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved in our archive

Severe COVID-19 has been considered an inflammatory “cytokine storm” condition.

Severe COVID-19 arises in part from the SARS-CoV-2 virus’s impact on mitochondria, tiny oxygen-burning power plants in cells, which can help trigger a cascade of organ- and immune system-damaging events, suggests a study by investigators at Weill Cornell Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, along with other members of the COVID-19 International Research Team.

Severe COVID-19 has been considered an inflammatory “cytokine storm” condition in which the immune response to a viral infection becomes excessive, flooding the bloodstream and tissues with immune signaling proteins at levels that cause lung-impairing inflammation and other signs and symptoms.

The new study, published Nov. 27 in PNAS, extends the scientific understanding of the molecular pathways driving this storm. By using RNA sequencing and other laboratory techniques on patient and animal model tissue samples, the investigators were able to examine these processes in great detail. Weill Cornell Medicine researchers, led by Dr. Robert Schwartz, associate professor of medicine, provided much of the deidentified patient material, including nasopharyngeal swabs and autopsied organ samples, as well as COVID-19 animal models, and contributed to their analysis.

The teams’ findings show that SARS-CoV-2 virus infection can cause significant damage to mitochondria in infected cells—damage that activates the immune system, contributing to the storm of inflammatory and other responses.

Prominent among these responses, the researchers noted, is the overactivation of a blood-pressure-regulating system called the renin-angiotensin-activation-system (RAAS). The overactive RAAS is associated with abnormal blood clotting—a striking feature of severe COVID-19—and, the researchers noted, with scarring-like abnormalities in lymph nodes, and dysfunctions of the immune cells found within them. The latter, the researchers say, may account for the impaired immune function that is also seen in severe COVID-19.

“One of the suggestions of these findings is that there is, early in the process, profound mitochondrial dysfunction and damage, which is then driving RAAS overactivation, which in turn contributes to the multi-organ damage of severe COVID-19,” said Dr. Schwartz, who is also a hepatologist at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center. “In addition, we’re concerned that these processes underlying acute COVID-19 may not always return to normal afterwards.”

The researchers are currently investigating this possibility in cases of “long COVID,” a syndrome that features lingering inflammation as well as immune cell dysfunction.

Reference: Topper MJ, Guarnieri JW, Haltom JA, et al. Lethal COVID-19 associates with RAAS-induced inflammation for multiple organ damage including mediastinal lymph nodes. PNAS. 2024. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2401968121

www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2401968121

[pokemoncenter]

On Pokemon Genetics and Evolution

This is a continuation of my previous post about Pokemon genetics, where we discovered that Pokemon ncDNA contains more or less a complete record of their evolutionary history, allowing them to regain atavistic traits to suit new environments when needed.

Our conclusion was that this comes back to Mew. Mew, as the ancestor of all Pokemon, was known to have the ability to Transform akin to a Ditto... but now we must contend with the idea that it had much greater transformative abilities than the Ditto we know.

It is now theorized that regional formes are the result of, essentially, a Transform technique from the mother to alter its children. However, I posited a simple conundrum: If Everstones also disrupt the creation of regional formes, as well as evolution, could they not share a mechanism?

With the assistance of several Eevee, we recorded their DNA and checked it as they evolved, comparing the changes to the changes between formes in littermates of our Vulpixes.

Our results were almost entirely as we expected. Evolution, too, is another use of Transform. This one, however, appears to be deeply embedded in a Pokemon's genetics, enough that it is has become a part of their natural life cycle.

(This means we are further overturning the idea of Eevee as 'genetically unstable'- After all, it has no regional formes that we are aware of, only a variety of evolutions. This is not instability, but a preparedness for any environment.)

Through Champion Red's kind allowing us to examine Mewtwo's DNA, we were able to locate several parts of the genome that Pokemon that should have nothing in common do.

To confirm: Mew is the ancestor of all known Pokemon. A species-wide Mitochondrial Eve, you might say. And with this knowledge, we are now aware that all Pokemon, regardless of their appearance, are technically of the same genus. Even ones that look to be plants, or rocks- As descendants of Mew, they all belong to one genus, which we are now discussing renaming the 'Mew' genus.

... The primary hole, the flaw in this theory, is Ditto itself. Everstone prevents all of these uses of Transform to cause a forme change or an evolution, but it does not stop Ditto's Transformations. Is Ditto somehow a special case? We have far too much evidence to dismiss this entire theory, but then how does Ditto play into this?

[trendingrepots]

Genomics Market - Forecast(2024 - 2030)

Global Genomic Market Overview:

Genomics Market Size is forecast to reach $ 104990.0 Million by 2030, at a CAGR of 12.4% during forecast period 2024-2030. A genome is the genetic material of an organism. It includes both the genes and the noncoding DNA, as well as mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA. The study of genomes is called genomics. The genomics market is gaining traction owing to its applications in various fields of study such as intragenomic phenomenon including epistasis, pleiotropy, heterosis, and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome. In this era of medical and life science innovations shaping itself as an inevitable uptake for sustainability of mankind, the genomic research is poised for exponential growth owing to imperative genetic innovations feeding off it. Abundant potential has driven this arcade to reach a staggering market size of $16 billion - $16.5 billion as of 2018, and the demand is estimated to increment at formidable CAGR of 9.2% to 12.4% during the forecast period of 2024 to 2030.

 𝐃𝐨𝐰𝐧𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞

Global Genomic Market Outlook:

Genomics is extensively employed in healthcare, agriculture, biotechnology, DNA sequencing, and diagnostics. In the healthcare segment, genomics is used for the development of vaccines and drugs. This segment leads the application vertical and is growing with a CAGR of 10.1%-10.7 % through to 2025. Genomics plays a significant part in diagnosis of several genetic disorders. It has an ample scope in personalized medication as it can advocate a medical management constructed on the genetic face of a person with the help of clinical data and AI.  It is also applied in synthetic biology and bioengineering. Genomics research in agriculture is hired for plant breeding and genetics to cultivate crop production. The understanding of gene function and the accessibility of genomic maps along with an enhanced understanding of genetic variant will aid the plant breeders to identify the traits and then manipulate those traits to obtain a high yield. All these factors affecting the enormous medical and agricultural sector are all set to stroke the genomics market with abundant demand.

Global Genomic Market Growth Drivers:

As per the National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S, the progression in oncology (study and treatment of tumor) expenses is forecast to rise 7%–10% annually throughout 2020, with universal oncology cost exceeding $150 billion[1]. As per the WHO, cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018[2]. And the total annual economic cost of cancer at the initial period of this decade was estimated at approximately $1.16 trillion. Thus the application of genomics in exploring cell-free circulating DNA by several R&D sectors as a potential biomarker for cancers is driving the market towards exponential growth. The genomics market with its current potential displays all the necessary traits it can adapt in the coming years to divert a huge chunk of traffic and revenue from the omnipresent cancer diagnostics.

As per the Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, between 1960 and 1990 the arable land increased by 1.5 billion ha, and in the recent past decades the elevation recorded is just 155 million ha[3]. With decreasing arable floor and the increasing global population augmenting the demand for food by 70% (by 2050), obtaining a high yield is a major trend in the agricultural sector. Genomics market is all set to capitalize on this unprecedented demand scenario. Genomics supplements the understanding of gene function and the accessibility of genomic maps along with an enhanced understanding of genetic variant, thus aiding the plant breeders to identify the traits and then manipulate those traits to obtain a high yield.

After an acute analysis of the regional insights of the global genomics market, North America is revealed to hold 39% to 40% of the entire global market size as of 2018. Such dominance can be attributed to several aspects such as cumulative investment on research by federal administrations, growing patient awareness, and accessibility of urbane healthcare facilities.

[botanyone]

Effective traps in bladderworts may come at the cost of genome size

Effective traps in bladderworts may come at the cost of genome size https://ift.tt/tSwL0M3 Species of carnivorous bladderwort, butterwort and sundew plants harbor some of the smallest genomes found in flowering plants. Researchers have long wondered what genetic or environmental factors contribute to these miniature plant genomes and now, a team of scientists discovered that a single mutation correlates with and drives the downsizing of genomes across some carnivorous species within the Lentibulariaceae family. The results were recently published in Annals of Botany. Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles within cells. The researchers focused on a mutation in a gene called cytochrome c oxidase (COX), which codes for an enzyme critical for mitochondria to generate energy through cellular respiration. They hypothesized that the COX mutation boosts mitochondrial efficiency, providing an advantage for carnivorous plants that rely on suction traps to catch prey. However, the mutation may come at a cost by increasing production of damaging molecules called reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a byproduct of respiration. To test this idea, the team based in Masaryk University compiled genome size data and chromosome measurements for over 100 species across the three genera that make up the carnivorous Lentibulariaceae family: Genlisea, Pinguicula and Utricularia. They also isolated and analyzed the sequence of the COX gene from each species to identify whether they carried the ancestral or mutated version. Using statistical analyses, the researchers assessed if patterns in the data supported the COX mutation driving smaller plant genomes over evolutionary time. Their findings provide compelling evidence that the COX mutation contributes to genome downsizing in these carnivorous plants. Species with the mutated COX gene consistently had smaller genomes and chromosomes compared to those retaining the ancestral sequence. Phylogenetic modeling also revealed the genomes of COX mutation carriers trended towards becoming progressively smaller as an evolutionary response. The researchers believe increased ROS levels resulting from the COX mutation overwhelm plants’ DNA repair abilities, leading to higher rates of genomic deletions over generations. As nonessential regions gradually removed, plant genomes shrink in size. While enhancing mitochondrial function benefits carnivorous traps, this genetic tweak comes at the cost of destabilizing the genome. Our findings indicate that the whole genus Utricularia and sections Recurvatae and Genlisea from the genus Genlisea harbour CC or CS mutations in the COX gene… The observation that these Lentibulariaceae lineages tend to evolve smaller genome sizes compared to those with the ancestral LS state (genus Pinguicula, Genlisea section Tayloria) aligns with the hypothesis that changes in the COX sequence elevate ROS production, increasing DNA damage and fostering deletion-biased DNA repair, culminating in genome contraction. By uncovering how a single mitochondrial mutation impacts genome evolution, this study sheds light on the complex genetic and environmental trade-offs shaping species. It illustrates how even subtle changes to cellular processes can cascade into altering an organism’s entire genome blueprint over evolutionary timescales. The work also highlights carnivorous plants as intriguing genetic models and underscores mitochondrial mutations as an underappreciated driver of genome change. Continued exploration of this unique system may reveal further unexpected findings. READ THE ARTICLE Zedek F., Šmerda J., Halasová A., Adamec L., Veleba A., Plačková K. and Bureš P. (2024) “The smallest angiosperm genomes may be the price for effective traps of bladderworts” Annals of Botany. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae107 The post Effective traps in bladderworts may come at the cost of genome size appeared first on Botany One. via Botany One https://botany.one/ October 09, 2024 at 03:30PM

[trendingreportz]

Genomics Market - Forecast(2024 - 2030)

Global Genomic Market Overview:

A genome is the genetic material of an organism. It includes both the genes and the noncoding DNA, as well as mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA. The study of genomes is called genomics. The genomics market is gaining traction owing to its applications in various fields of study such as intragenomic phenomenon including epistasis, pleiotropy, heterosis, and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome. In this era of medical and life science innovations shaping itself as an inevitable uptake for sustainability of mankind, the genomic research is poised for exponential growth owing to imperative genetic innovations feeding off it. Abundant potential has driven this arcade to reach a staggering market size of $16 billion - $16.5 billion as of 2018, and the demand is estimated to increment at formidable CAGR of 9.2% to 10.2% during the forecast period of 2019 to 2025.

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Global Genomic Market Outlook:

Genomics is extensively employed in healthcare, agriculture, biotechnology, DNA sequencing, and diagnostics. In the healthcare segment, genomics is used for the development of vaccines and drugs. This segment leads the application vertical and is growing with a CAGR of 10.1%-10.7 % through to 2025. Genomics plays a significant part in diagnosis of several genetic disorders. It has an ample scope in personalized medication as it can advocate a medical management constructed on the genetic face of a person with the help of clinical data and AI.  It is also applied in synthetic biology and bioengineering. Genomics research in agriculture is hired for plant breeding and genetics to cultivate crop production. The understanding of gene function and the accessibility of genomic maps along with an enhanced understanding of genetic variant will aid the plant breeders to identify the traits and then manipulate those traits to obtain a high yield. All these factors affecting the enormous medical and agricultural sector are all set to stroke the genomics market with abundant demand.

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Global Genomic Market Growth Drivers:

As per the National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S, the progression in oncology (study and treatment of tumor) expenses is forecast to rise 7%–10% annually throughout 2020, with universal oncology cost exceeding $150 billion[1]. As per the WHO, cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018[2]. And the total annual economic cost of cancer at the initial period of this decade was estimated at approximately $1.16 trillion. Thus the application of genomics in exploring cell-free circulating DNA by several R&D sectors as a potential biomarker for cancers is driving the market towards exponential growth. The genomics market with its current potential displays all the necessary traits it can adapt in the coming years to divert a huge chunk of traffic and revenue from the omnipresent cancer diagnostics.

As per the Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, between 1960 and 1990 the arable land increased by 1.5 billion ha, and in the recent past decades the elevation recorded is just 155 million ha[3]. With decreasing arable floor and the increasing global population augmenting the demand for food by 70% (by 2050), obtaining a high yield is a major trend in the agricultural sector. Genomics market is all set to capitalize on this unprecedented demand scenario. Genomics supplements the understanding of gene function and the accessibility of genomic maps along with an enhanced understanding of genetic variant, thus aiding the plant breeders to identify the traits and then manipulate those traits to obtain a high yield.

After an acute analysis of the regional insights of the global genomics market, North America is revealed to hold 39% to 40% of the entire global market size as of 2018. Such dominance can be attributed to several aspects such as cumulative investment on research by federal administrations, growing patient awareness, and accessibility of urbane healthcare facilities.

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Global Genomics Market Players Perspective:

Some of other key players profiled in this IndustryARC business intelligence report are Beckton Dickson, Synthetic Genomics Inc. (SGI) ,Cepheid, Inc., Affymetrix, Inc., Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Agilent Technologies, GE Healthcare, Illumina, Inc., Danaher Corporation,F. Hoffmann-La Roche, QIAGEN, Thermo Fisher Scientific and PacBio (Pacific Biosciences of California). Majority of the companies mentioned are situated in North America augmenting the regional affluence in the global market.

Global Genomics Market Trends:

High overload owing to a wide range of reagents and consumables has propelled companies into approving different policies to endure in the market and stay ahead of the curve.

For instance, in January 2017, BD launched Precise WTA Reagents for precise and guileless quantification of hereditary data form single cell analysis. Moreover, in July 2016, SGI-DNA entered into a distribution agreement with VWR International, an American company involved in the distribution of research laboratory products, with over 1,200,000 items to more than 250,000 customers in North America and Europe.

Genomics Market Research Scope

The base year of the study is 2018, with forecast done up to 2025. The study presents a thorough analysis of the competitive landscape, taking into account the market shares of the leading companies. It also provides information on unit shipments. These provide the key market participants with the necessary business intelligence and help them understand the future of the Genomics Market. The assessment includes the forecast, an overview of the competitive structure, the market shares of the competitors, as well as the market trends, market demands, market drivers, market challenges, and product analysis. The market drivers and restraints have been assessed to fathom their impact over the forecast period. This report further identifies the key opportunities for growth while also detailing the key challenges and possible threats. The key areas of focus include the types of equipment in the Genomics Market, and their specific applications in different phases of industrial operations.

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Genomics Market Report: Industry Coverage

Types of Solutions Genomics Market:

By Product Types- Microarray chip, Sequencers.

By Application- Genotyping, SNP analysis.

By End-User- Anthropology, Diagnostics.

The Genomics Market report also analyzes the major geographic regions for the market as well as the major countries for the market in these regions. The regions and countries covered in the study include:

North America: The U.S., Canada, Mexico

South America: Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Costa Rica

Europe: The U.K., Germany, Italy, France, The Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Denmark

APAC: China, Japan, Australia, South Korea, India, Taiwan, Malaysia, Hong Kong

Middle East and Africa: Israel, South Africa, Saudi Arabia

[communicationblogs]

Genomics Market — Forecast(2024–2030)

Genomics Market was worth US$ 30.84 Bn. in 2023 and total revenue is expected to grow at a rate of 15.35% CAGR from 2024 to 2030, reaching almost US$ 83.81 Bn. in 2030.

A genome is the genetic material of an organism. It includes both the genes and the noncoding DNA, as well as mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA. The study of genomes is called genomics. The genomics market is gaining traction owing to its applications in various fields of study such as intragenomic phenomenon including epistasis, pleiotropy, heterosis, and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome. In this era of medical and life science innovations shaping itself as an inevitable uptake for sustainability of mankind, the genomic research is poised for exponential growth owing to imperative genetic innovations feeding off it.

Request Sample

Global Genomic Market Outlook :

Genomics is extensively employed in healthcare, agriculture, biotechnology, DNA sequencing, and diagnostics. In the healthcare segment, genomics is used for the development of vaccines and drugs. This segment leads the application vertical and is growing with a CAGR of 10.1%-10.7 % through to 2025. Genomics plays a significant part in diagnosis of several genetic disorders. It has an ample scope in personalized medication as it can advocate a medical management constructed on the genetic face of a person with the help of clinical data and AI. It is also applied in synthetic biology and bioengineering. Genomics research in agriculture is hired for plant breeding and genetics to cultivate crop production. The understanding of gene function and the accessibility of genomic maps along with an enhanced understanding of genetic variant will aid the plant breeders to identify the traits and then manipulate those traits to obtain a high yield. All these factors affecting the enormous medical and agricultural sector are all set to stroke the genomics market with abundant demand.

Inquiry Before Buying

Global Genomic Market Growth Drivers:

As per the National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S, the progression in oncology (study and treatment of tumor) expenses is forecast to rise 7%–10% annually throughout 2020, with universal oncology cost exceeding $150 billion[1]. As per the WHO, cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018[2]. And the total annual economic cost of cancer at the initial period of this decade was estimated at approximately $1.16 trillion. Thus the application of genomics in exploring cell-free circulating DNA by several R&D sectors as a potential biomarker for cancers is driving the market towards exponential growth. The genomics market with its current potential displays all the necessary traits it can adapt in the coming years to divert a huge chunk of traffic and revenue from the omnipresent cancer diagnostics.

Buy Now

As per the Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, between 1960 and 1990 the arable land increased by 1.5 billion ha, and in the recent past decades the elevation recorded is just 155 million ha[3]. With decreasing arable floor and the increasing global population augmenting the demand for food by 70% (by 2050), obtaining a high yield is a major trend in the agricultural sector. Genomics market is all set to capitalize on this unprecedented demand scenario. Genomics supplements the understanding of gene function and the accessibility of genomic maps along with an enhanced understanding of genetic variant, thus aiding the plant breeders to identify the traits and then manipulate those traits to obtain a high yield.

After an acute analysis of the regional insights of the global genomics market, North America is revealed to hold 39% to 40% of the entire global market size as of 2018. Such dominance can be attributed to several aspects such as cumulative investment on research by federal administrations, growing patient awareness, and accessibility of urbane healthcare facilities.

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[rnomics]

Insects, Vol. 15, Pages 371: A New Species of Scymnus (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) from Pakistan with Mitochondrial Genome and Its Phylogenetic Implications

In this study, a new species of the subgenus Pullus belonging to the Scymnus genus from Pakistan, Scymnus (Pullus) cardi sp. nov., was described and illustrated, with information on its distribution, host plants, and prey. Additionally, the completed mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the new species using high-throughput sequencing technology was obtained. The genome contains the typical 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal #RNAs, and 22 transfer #RNAs) and a non-coding control region, and is arranged in the same order as that of the putative ancestor of beetles. The AT content of the mitogenome is approximately 85.1%, with AT skew and GC skew of 0.05 and −0.43, respectively. The calculated values of relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) determine that the codon UUA (L) has the highest frequency. Furthermore, we explored the phylogenetic relationship among 59 representatives of the Coccinellidae using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods, the results of which strongly support the monophyly of Coccinellinae. The phylogenetic results positioned Scymnus (Pullus) cardi in a well-supported clade with Scymnus (Pullus) loewii and Scymnus (Pullus) rubricaudus within the genus Scymnus and the tribe Scymnini. The mitochondrial sequence of S. (P.) cardi will contribute to the mitochondrial genome database and provide helpful information for the identification and phylogeny of Coccinellidae. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/5/371?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=tumblr

[evoldir]

Fwd: Postdoc: ColoradoStateU.PlantMutationEvolution

Begin forwarded message: > From: evoldir@evol.biology.mcmaster.ca > Subject: Postdoc: ColoradoStateU.PlantMutationEvolution > Date: 31 May 2023 at 08:30:00 BST > To: rdmpage@gmail.com > > > The Sloan Lab at Colorado State University is looking for a > postdoctoral researcher with experience in plant molecular genetics > and/or biochemistry to investigate the mechanisms responsible for extreme > variation in mutation rates and genome stability in plant mitochondria and > plastids. These plant organelles maintain exceptionally low point mutation > rates, while exhibiting rapid rates of rearrangements and structural > evolution. Our collaborative project to understand the mechanistic > basis of these unusual genome properties. This project fits into the > broader focus of our research, which is on the evolution of organelle > genomes and their coevolution with the nucleus. More information about > our research projects and publications is available at our lab website: > https://ift.tt/zDuVC4W > > We seek someone who is excited about addressing evolutionary questions > at the molecular level and wants to contribute to a positive and > collaborative intellectual environment. Start date is flexible but > preferably in summer or fall 2023. > > Applicants should have expertise in plant biology and one or more of > the following areas: > > -Genetics, transformation, and genome editing > -Mechanisms of mutation and DNA damage/repair > -Protein and nucleic acid biochemistry > -Mitochondrial and chloroplast biology > -Library construction for next-generation sequencing > -Comparative genomics and bioinformatics > > Our lab is in the Department of Biology at Colorado State University, > which is housed in a state-of-the-art research facility that opened > in 2017. The department includes numerous labs in the fields of both > plant molecular biology and evolutionary biology, so there are ample > opportunities for collaboration outside the lab group. The university is > in Fort Collins, Colorado, which routinely ranks among the top locations > in the country in terms of overall quality of life. > > Interested researchers should e-mail Dan Sloan (dan.sloan@colostate.edu) > and include a CV, along with a brief statement of research/career goals > and how they pertain to the position. Review will begin June 23, 2023, > but inquiries are still very much encouraged after that date. > > "Sloan,Dan"

[xiaoxiaodeshijie]

What are the anti-aging ingredients in skincare?

Many years ago, a seminal article titled "The Hallmarks of Aging" was published in the prestigious journal "Cell." This article systematically reviewed the classic features and indicators involved in the aging process of the human body. How were these features selected? The authors believed that they should reflect the normal aging process and be universally applicable. Additionally, they could be validated through experiments by demonstrating that exacerbating a specific indicator accelerated aging, while inhibiting it improved aging. This article also introduced a classic image that many of you who have attended lectures may be familiar with.

However, in 23 years, the author updated their article. Similarly, this enhanced version of the article was published in "Cell." In the updated article, the nine hallmarks of aging were expanded to twelve. They are as follows: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, and the newly added features of macroautophagy dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis.

Autophagy

also known as "self-eating," is a process where cells can degrade and recycle themselves when they age or experience dysfunction. If the clearance of these old cell waste materials is impaired, it can lead to accelerated aging. Previous studies have examined autophagy markers in tissues of long-lived individuals and found higher activity levels compared to the average population. This suggests that promoting autophagy can have anti-aging effects.

Which ingredients can promote autophagy?

For example, Viicode's niacinamide system can promote skin autophagy and accelerate the degradation of glycated proteins. Another ingredient from Viicode, a plant extract, can also activate cellular autophagy, allowing the skin to undergo its own "clean-up" process and degrade detrimental molecules within proteins.

Another example is the raw rice fermentation filtrate from HuaXi Biologics. This filtrate can promote the formation of autophagosomes and enhance the potential of cellular autophagy. Therefore, this ingredient is also considered an anti-aging component.

chronic inflammation.

Inflammatory aging, also known as inflammaging, is a popular concept in anti-aging research in recent years. In simple terms, as we age, inflammatory factors increase and further contribute to the acceleration of aging is closely, the. Conversely,If there is chronic inflammation present, it can also lead to premature aging. Moreover, the chronic inflammatory environment is closely related to other aging characteristics, and they are intertwined with each other.

Interventions targeting inflammation and the immune aging. Moreover system can help slow down the aging process to some extent.

What are some examples of combating inflammatory aging?

In terms of ingredients, many molecules with anti-inflammatory and soothing effects also have a certain impact on aging. For example, commonly seen extracts such as Centella asiatica extract, purslane extract, magnolol, and others have the ability to counteract inflammatory microenvironments and fight against aging.

the gut microbiota.

Regulating the gut microbiota is indeed another pathway for anti-aging. The gut microbiota can send signals to the peripheral nervous system, central nervous system, and other distant organs, exerting a strong influence on the overall health of the host. Disruption of this bidirectional bacteria-host communication can lead to ecological imbalance and various pathological conditions, including aging. We often refer to the "gut-brain-skin axis," which highlights the interconnectedness of the brain, gut, and skin. When one's mood is not well, it can lead to gastrointestinal disorders and manifest as skin issues. Similarly, disturbances in the gut microbiota can cause mental discomfort and frequent skin problems. We now understand that the skin microbiota plays a significant role in skin health, and likewise, the gut ecosystem is closely related to the skin.

In terms of intervention measures, consuming probiotic products orally can help improve gut ecology. Common examples include Lactobacillus bifidus, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Additionally, certain prebiotic ingredients like inulin also provide benefits for the gut.

[tenth-sentence]

The size of the plant mitochondrial genome varies substantially even among closely related plant species, but at 180 to 11,000 kilobase pairs (kbp), it is always much larger than the compact and uniform 16 kbp genome found in mammalian mitochondria.

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

[valgasnewsthings]

 Contents

Russian Journal of Genetics

Vol. 58, No. 12, 2022

Reviews and Theoretical Articles

Genetic Structure and Genetic History of the Sakha (Yakuts) Population

S. A. Fedorova and E. K. Khusnutdinova p. 1409  abstract

Current Trends and Approaches to the Search for Genetic Determinants of Aging and Longevity

S. S. Kunizheva, V. P. Volobaev, M. Yu. Plotnikova, D. A. Kupriyanova, I. L. Kuznetsova, T. V. Tyazhelova and E. I. Rogaev p. 1427  abstract

Plant Genetics

Climatic Factors and Allele Distribution of Amy 1 and Amy 2 Loci in the Varieties of Spring Barley in the Territory of the Former Soviet Union

V. P. Netsvetaev and A. A. Pomortsev p. 1444  abstract

Analysis of the Genes That Determine the Dwarf Form of Watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai in the VIR Collection

K. V. Strygina, A. G. Elatskova, Yu. A. Elatskov, G. A. Tekhanovich and E. K. Khlestkina p. 1457  abstract

Homologs of Late Blight Resistance Genes in Representatives of Tuber-Bearing Species of the Genus Solanum L.

A. A. Gurina, N. V. Alpatieva, N. A. Chalaya, N. V. Mironenko, A. V. Khiutti and E. V. Rogozina p. 1473  abstract

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Traditional Chinese Herb Radix bupleuri Resources Using Genome-Wide SNPs through Genotyping-by-Sequencing

M. Jiang, S. Yan, W. C. Ren, N. N. Xing, H. Y. Li, M. Q. Zhang, M. Q. Liu, X. B. Liu and W. Ma p. 1485  abstract

Animal Genetics

STR Typing of European Elk (Moose) and European Roe Deer with Novel Forensic Assays Reveals Contrasting Patterns of Genetic Structure of the Two Cervids in Belarus

K. Rębała, D. E. Nedzvetskaya, S. A. Kotova, T. V. Zabavskaya, V. I. Rybakova, M. V. Kholodova and I. S. Tsybovsky p. 1493  abstract

Genome-Wide Selection Signal Analysis of Australian Boer Goat by Insertion/Deletion Variants

Y. Yuan, B. Yang, Y. He, W. Zhang and G. E p. 1504  abstract

Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Suggest That Nature Reserve Maintains Novel Haplotypes and Genetic Diversity of Honeybees (Apis cerana)

Y. Yu, W. Zhou, Y. Li, W. Wan, D. Yao and X. Wei p. 1513  abstract

Genetic Diversity among Takifugu rubripes and Takifugu obscurus in Different Regions of China Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing Data

R. Li, Zh. Wang, H. Xu, Ch. Jiang, N. Wang, X. Li, X. Qiu and X. Wang p. 1524  abstract

Human Genetics

Genes TMEM136 and PPP1R12C Differentially Expressed in the Placenta Are Associated with Preeclampsia

E. A. Reshetnikov, V. A. Stepanov, V. N. Serebrova, A. V. Bocharova, E. A. Trifonova, I. V. Ponomarenko, Yu. N. Reshetnikova, O. A. Efremova, V. S. Orlova, I. V. Batlutskaya, I. N. Sorokina and M. I. Churnosov p. 1534  abstract

The Polymorphic Locus rs167479 of the RGL3 Gene Is Associated with the Risk of Severe Preeclampsia

M. Yu. Abramova, I. V. Ponomarenko and M. I. Churnosov p. 1543  abstract

Methods

The Use of KASP Technology to Study Associations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the GPAD4, CCL3, DGKG, PPARGC1A, STAT1, and TLR4 Genes with Milk Production in Cattle

M. V. Modorov, A. A. Kleshcheva, K. R. Osintseva, I. V. Tkachenko, M. Yu. Sevost’yanov and N. N. Zezin p. 1551  abstract

from Valga s health news,gardening,and cooking ,and beauty . https://ift.tt/kar4nC6 via https://ift.tt/n2QDhgT

[anumberofhobbies]

There is mitochondrial dysfunction with this stuff.

For anyone who might not know what mitochondria are,

Mitochondria are unusual organelles. They act as the power plants of the cell, are surrounded by two membranes, and have their own genome. They also divide independently of the cell in which they reside, meaning mitochondrial replication is not coupled to cell division.

Conclusions Our study supports the hypothesis that CoQ10 deficiency, oxidative stress, and extensive mitophagy can contribute to cell-bioenergetics imbalance, compromising cell functionality. Abnormal BMC performance can promote oxidative stress and may contribute to altered nociception in FM.

[bisrsrch]

Plant genomics caters to several applications such as yield management, diseases resistance, and herbicide tolerance. The utilization of technologies in plant genomics, such as DNA/RNA sequencing, genotyping, marker-assisted selection and bioinformatics, is expected to augment the growth of plant genomics in the technology sector. Moreover, depleting agricultural land and increasing demand for fresh agricultural produce all around the year are expected to propagate the growth of plant genomics market.

Get the Sample Report of Plant Genomics Market at: https://bisresearch.com/requestsample?id=1034&type=download

[botanyone]

A Universal Theory of Sex

A Universal Theory of Sex https://ift.tt/7AG5Kh0 Sexual reproduction in plants and animals presents an evolutionary enigma. It is genetically risky, time-consuming, and error-prone – possibly leading to reduced fitness. And yet, at least 99% of all plants and animals reproduce sexually. This commonality raises the question of whether universal evolutionary pressures exist to select for and maintain sexual reproduction.  Elvira Hörandl argues in a review paper in Annals of Botany that the need for DNA repair may be the basis for the near universally of sex in the plant and animal kingdoms. And she uses land plants as a tool to make her case.   “Land plants are of special interest for this question because, on the one hand, sexual reproduction is predominant, similar to animals; on the other hand, some theories developed for animals are not readily applicable to plants because autotrophic organisms have different physiological constraints.”  The key process in sexual reproduction is meiosis, defined as the pairing and recombination of corresponding parental chromosomes. During this process, parental DNA is fused to create genetic variation in offspring. The new genetic combinations can be advantageous, neutral, or even detrimental to fitness if well-adapted genes are broken up.   Hörandl argues that plants don’t need meiosis to achieve advantageous genetic combinations — polyploidy can be used instead. In plants, many species are polyploid, i.e., have multiple genomes, and individual genetic variation is correspondingly high. This built-in genetic diversity confers the necessary ‘phenotypic plasticity’ for plants to respond to environmental stressors such as light, heat, drought, and salt. In this context, asexual reproduction, where plants reproduce without meiosis, can make sense as a reproductive strategy.   However, while many plants do reproduce asexually, Hörandl shows that many of those species run both sexual and asexual reproductive pathways in parallel in the same plant in a flexible manner and do not rely solely on asexual forms of reproduction.  And so, the question becomes, if polyploidy and asexual reproduction are enough to create the necessary genetic diversity for fitness, why then do plants bother with sexual reproduction?   Hörandl suggests that ‘DNA restoration theory’ provides the answer.  DNA restoration theory posits that the major function of meiosis is to repair damaged DNA and remove negative mutations in each generation. In that light, genetic recombination is not the end goal of sexual reproduction but is instead a by-product of a DNA repair mechanism.   DNA needs repair because it is continuously damaged by mitochondrial respiration as well as by photosynthesis in plants. Hörandl writes that:  “In the long term, asexual reproduction without any recombination would result in genomic decay owing to the accumulation of deleterious mutations, specifically in small populations, finally leading to extinction of the asexual lineage.”  Indeed, sexual reproduction, and consequently meiosis, is triggered in plants grown in DNA damage-inducing, stressful environments. Hörandl notes that only  “…a little bit of sex (a mean of ~6 % recombined offspring in three progenies) is sufficient to avoid accumulation of mutations over generations.”  Consequently, species may have evolved the ability to reproduce sexually in order to repair and maintain their DNA. READ THE ARTICLE Hörandl, E. (2024) “Apomixis and the paradox of sex in plants,” Annals of Botany, p. mcae044. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae044. The post A Universal Theory of Sex appeared first on Botany One. via Botany One https://botany.one/ April 26, 2024 at 08:24PM

[katiajewelbox]

Merry Christmas Eve! This week's post is a guest post from the Copenhagen Plant Science Centre in Denmark, used with their generous permission.

PLANT OF THE WEEK – Viscum album (common name: Mistletoe, mistelten). Mistletoe is particularly eye-catching during wintertime as lush, green globes high in the leafless treetops. Its many small, pearly white berries form a striking contrast to its evergreen foliage. Mistletoe is an evergreen hemiparasite with branches more than 50 cm long. The shoot system is dichotomous with opposite, ligulate leaves. There are female and male plants. The 1-3 mm long yellow-greenish flowers are placed apically in groups of three. In male flowers, the anthers are fused with perianth segments. Female flowers have an inferior ovary with a sessile stigma. They are pollinated in April, mainly by small flies. The fruit is a white berry with a very sticky pulp. All parts of the plant are moderately poisonous. The berries develop in autumn and winter and provide food for migrating birds, mainly Bohemian waxwings and mistle thrushes. The berries quickly pass through the bird, and the defecated seeds can be seen dangling from branches in sticky garlands strung together by undigested remnants of the pulp. The Eurasian blackcap uses its beak to squeeze the seed from the fruit before it is eaten. To remove the sticky seed, the bird rubs its beak against a twig, thus depositing the seed in a place it is likely able to germinate. Mistletoe grows on many species of deciduous trees (some on conifers). It attaches to its host by a haustorium, a modified root, which penetrates the vessels, from where it obtains water and nutrients. The mistletoe has chloroplasts and can perform photosynthesis; hence the term ‘hemiparasite’. Interestingly, the mitochondrial genome of mistletoe is much smaller than that of other plants and lacks many important genes, causing inefficient energy production. The mistletoe can cope on this low energy budget due to its very slow growth and parasitic lifestyle. Today, mistletoe is widely distributed in Europe south of Denmark. Fossil records from 9,000 – 6,000 years ago show that mistletoe has previously been present in Denmark. After being extinct for many years, introduced specimens from gardens are now spreading in Denmark, especially around Copenhagen. Throughout history, mistletoe has played a role in many cultures. It was believed to possess magical powers, e.g. by the Celtic druids. In Denmark, we know the mistletoe from Nordic mythology, where the goddess Frigg forgot to extract an oath from the deceptively innocuous mistletoe, when she made all beings swear to never harm Balder. Today, it is mainly associated with the Christmastime custom that whoever stands beneath a mistletoe may be kissed. Though mistletoe has long been regarded as a fertility symbol, this custom is fairly new as it is first described in England in the mid-18th century. This Plant of the Week is presented by Niels Jacobsen, Kira Tendal, Karen Rysbjerg Jensen and marian ørgaard, employees at the Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen.

[botanyshitposts]

sorry for calling you a worstie i was in a bad mood. i admire the enthusiasm but yeah im doing a phd in regulatory networks of plant development and Uhhh yeah lots of other things you'd need to consider. "mitochondrial promoters" is a bit of a vague term so idk what you mean but upping mitochondrial protein production (either their own or in the nucleus) wont result in more mitochondrial divisons, that's a seperate process. Also Physco actually has a higher turnover rate than arabidopsis and a fully sequences and annoated genome and there are specific promoters for parts of the anatomy - i digress. Anyway arabidopsis is pee pee poo poo, keep your day job. Even transforming an aroid is a pain in the ass there is like one paper on pothos and they had to go through somatic embryos i think

alright you have made a reasonable case for me not trying to do it myself BUT the hot plant dream is not dead. hot plants are coming. there is no stopping the future once it is in motion. the public will walk past and will say, ‘by god, these flowers are experiencing some sort of unintended molecular effect in their mitochondria, causing them to create heat when they shouldn’t!’ and it will happen as soon as some kind of actually viable reason for making a non-thermogenic plant thermogenic arises