#genomics market report

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Genomics Market - Forecast(2024 - 2030)

Global Genomic Market Overview:

A genome is the genetic material of an organism. It includes both the genes and the noncoding DNA, as well as mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA. The study of genomes is called genomics. The genomics market is gaining traction owing to its applications in various fields of study such as intragenomic phenomenon including epistasis, pleiotropy, heterosis, and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome. In this era of medical and life science innovations shaping itself as an inevitable uptake for sustainability of mankind, the genomic research is poised for exponential growth owing to imperative genetic innovations feeding off it. Abundant potential has driven this arcade to reach a staggering market size of $16 billion - $16.5 billion as of 2018, and the demand is estimated to increment at formidable CAGR of 9.2% to 10.2% during the forecast period of 2019 to 2025.

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Global Genomic Market Outlook:

Genomics is extensively employed in healthcare, agriculture, biotechnology, DNA sequencing, and diagnostics. In the healthcare segment, genomics is used for the development of vaccines and drugs. This segment leads the application vertical and is growing with a CAGR of 10.1%-10.7 % through to 2025. Genomics plays a significant part in diagnosis of several genetic disorders. It has an ample scope in personalized medication as it can advocate a medical management constructed on the genetic face of a person with the help of clinical data and AI.  It is also applied in synthetic biology and bioengineering. Genomics research in agriculture is hired for plant breeding and genetics to cultivate crop production. The understanding of gene function and the accessibility of genomic maps along with an enhanced understanding of genetic variant will aid the plant breeders to identify the traits and then manipulate those traits to obtain a high yield. All these factors affecting the enormous medical and agricultural sector are all set to stroke the genomics market with abundant demand.

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Global Genomic Market Growth Drivers:

As per the National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S, the progression in oncology (study and treatment of tumor) expenses is forecast to rise 7%–10% annually throughout 2020, with universal oncology cost exceeding $150 billion[1]. As per the WHO, cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018[2]. And the total annual economic cost of cancer at the initial period of this decade was estimated at approximately $1.16 trillion. Thus the application of genomics in exploring cell-free circulating DNA by several R&D sectors as a potential biomarker for cancers is driving the market towards exponential growth. The genomics market with its current potential displays all the necessary traits it can adapt in the coming years to divert a huge chunk of traffic and revenue from the omnipresent cancer diagnostics.

As per the Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, between 1960 and 1990 the arable land increased by 1.5 billion ha, and in the recent past decades the elevation recorded is just 155 million ha[3]. With decreasing arable floor and the increasing global population augmenting the demand for food by 70% (by 2050), obtaining a high yield is a major trend in the agricultural sector. Genomics market is all set to capitalize on this unprecedented demand scenario. Genomics supplements the understanding of gene function and the accessibility of genomic maps along with an enhanced understanding of genetic variant, thus aiding the plant breeders to identify the traits and then manipulate those traits to obtain a high yield.

After an acute analysis of the regional insights of the global genomics market, North America is revealed to hold 39% to 40% of the entire global market size as of 2018. Such dominance can be attributed to several aspects such as cumulative investment on research by federal administrations, growing patient awareness, and accessibility of urbane healthcare facilities.

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Global Genomics Market Players Perspective:

Some of other key players profiled in this IndustryARC business intelligence report are Beckton Dickson, Synthetic Genomics Inc. (SGI) ,Cepheid, Inc., Affymetrix, Inc., Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Agilent Technologies, GE Healthcare, Illumina, Inc., Danaher Corporation,F. Hoffmann-La Roche, QIAGEN, Thermo Fisher Scientific and PacBio (Pacific Biosciences of California). Majority of the companies mentioned are situated in North America augmenting the regional affluence in the global market.

Global Genomics Market Trends:

High overload owing to a wide range of reagents and consumables has propelled companies into approving different policies to endure in the market and stay ahead of the curve.

For instance, in January 2017, BD launched Precise WTA Reagents for precise and guileless quantification of hereditary data form single cell analysis. Moreover, in July 2016, SGI-DNA entered into a distribution agreement with VWR International, an American company involved in the distribution of research laboratory products, with over 1,200,000 items to more than 250,000 customers in North America and Europe.

Genomics Market Research Scope

The base year of the study is 2018, with forecast done up to 2025. The study presents a thorough analysis of the competitive landscape, taking into account the market shares of the leading companies. It also provides information on unit shipments. These provide the key market participants with the necessary business intelligence and help them understand the future of the Genomics Market. The assessment includes the forecast, an overview of the competitive structure, the market shares of the competitors, as well as the market trends, market demands, market drivers, market challenges, and product analysis. The market drivers and restraints have been assessed to fathom their impact over the forecast period. This report further identifies the key opportunities for growth while also detailing the key challenges and possible threats. The key areas of focus include the types of equipment in the Genomics Market, and their specific applications in different phases of industrial operations.

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Genomics Market Report: Industry Coverage

Types of Solutions Genomics Market:

By Product Types- Microarray chip, Sequencers.

By Application- Genotyping, SNP analysis.

By End-User- Anthropology, Diagnostics.

The Genomics Market report also analyzes the major geographic regions for the market as well as the major countries for the market in these regions. The regions and countries covered in the study include:

North America: The U.S., Canada, Mexico

South America: Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Costa Rica

Europe: The U.K., Germany, Italy, France, The Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Denmark

APAC: China, Japan, Australia, South Korea, India, Taiwan, Malaysia, Hong Kong

Middle East and Africa: Israel, South Africa, Saudi Arabia

[alicetleibowitz]

Explore the dynamic landscape of the Genomics market, where cutting-edge technologies converge with healthcare innovation to unlock the mysteries of our genetic blueprint.

[mitalipingale]

The Artificial Intelligence in Genomics Market in genomics in 2023 is US$ 0.71 billion, and is expected to reach US$ 14.91 billion by 2031 at a CAGR of 46.2%.

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Latest Advances in Gene and Cell Therapies Transform Healthcare

Gene and cell therapies represent a ground-breaking advancement in medical science, offering potential cures for a variety of previously untreatable diseases. These therapies are revolutionizing how we provide targeted healthcare by modifying genetic material or using cells to restore or alter biological functions. Early interventions in congenital disorders can significantly reduce long-term health complications, offering a healthier start to life for newborns. Thus, the potential of gene and cell therapies to transform medical treatments is immense, especially in the field of natal and prenatal care.

A notable example of gene therapy involved the birth of the first babies with edited genes. In 2018, Dr. Jiankui announced the birth of twin girls whose genes were edited using CRISPR technology. He edited and deactivated a gene known as CCR5 with the goal of conferring resistance to HIV in those girls.

Latest Developments in Gene and Cell Therapies

The field of gene and cell therapies is crucial in the mainstream as drug-regulating authorities approve treatments for diseases like lymphoma and muscular dystrophy. Let us explore the latest developments regarding these therapies.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounts for about 4% of all cancers in the US, with an estimated 80,620 new cases expected this year. In this regard, Bristol Myers Squibb’s Breyanzi, a CAR T cell therapy, was approved in 2024 by the FDA, which utilizes the patient’s immune system to target and destroy cancer cells.

In 2024, the FDA approved Sarepta Therapeutics’ Elevidys, a gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which affects approximately 1 in 3,500 to 5000 male births worldwide, typically manifesting between ages 3 and 6. This groundbreaking offers new hope by addressing the root cause of this debilitating condition.

Exploring Current and Future Applications

CRISPR and Genome Editing: CRISPR technology has revolutionized genome editing, offering precise modifications to DNA and correcting genetic defects at their source. This technology is being explored for a variety of applications including current and future applications. However, acquiring approvals to run trials on humans has always been challenging, yet the CTX001 stands out with its success in this regard. The CTX001 is an autologous gene-edited stem cell therapy developed by CRISPR Therapeutics and Vertex Pharmaceuticals.

Dr. Haydar Frangoul, the medical director at HCA Sarah Cannon Research Institute Center, has been treating the first patient in the CTX001 trial for SCD therapy. The patient had battled sickle cell disease for 34 years before undergoing this one-time treatment. Post-treatment, her blood showed a significant proportion of fetal hemoglobin levels, enabling her to avoid blood transfusions and pain attacks without major side effects.

Stem Cell Research: These cells have the unique ability to differentiate into various cell types, making them invaluable for regenerative medicine. Research in stem cell therapy aims to treat conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, and spinal cord injuries by replacing damaged cells with healthy ones in the near future. A notable example is a study using device-encapsulated pancreatic precursor cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. This study has shown that increased cell doses in optimized devices lead to detectable insulin production and improved glucose control.

CAR-T Cell Therapy: This therapy has shown impressive results in treating certain types of leukemia and lymphoma, offering hope for patients who have not responded to traditional treatments. This innovative approach uses modified T-cells to target and kill cancer cells. The future of CAR-T therapy looks promising, thereby expanding its application to treat more types of cancers, including solid tumors.

Gene Silencing and RNA-based Therapies: Emerging technologies like RNA interference (RNAi) and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are being developed to silence harmful genes. An RNAi therapy like ‘AMVUTTRA’ developed by Alnylam, is approved in the US for treating polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis in adults. Thus, the future use of RNA therapies includes the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington’s disease.

Understanding Ethical Considerations & the Role of Regulatory Bodies

Ethical frameworks must evolve amidst the concerns regarding ‘designer babies’, where genetic modifications used to select desired traits pose significant ethical dilemmas. A prominent example is the controversy of using CRISPR technology in human embryos, who claimed to have created the first gene-edited babies, sparking ethical debates and leading to his imprisonment. Several studies emphasize the importance of international regulatory standards and effective governance to ensure the responsible use of gene editing technologies.

Amidst the rapid pace of technological advancement, regulating gene and cell therapies needs rigorous safety standards. The regulatory bodies and agencies like the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) in the US and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in the EU play a critical role. Their frameworks include guidelines for approval of regenerative medicines and conditional or time-limited authorizations to facilitate quicker access to innovative treatments.

What the future beholds?

The future of gene and cell therapies lies in their integration into personalized medicine based on the genetic makeup of individual patients. Companies like CRISPR Therapeutics, Editas Medicine, and Intellia Therapeutics are at the forefront of research, developing therapies that could revolutionize the treatment of genetic disorders. As these therapies become more refined and accessible, they could significantly extend healthy life spans and improve the quality of life for millions.

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The Asia-Pacific genomic cancer panel and profiling market was valued at $1.56 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach $4.78 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 11.81% between 2023 and 2033.

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https://heyjinni.com/read-blog/51380_genomics-and-proteomics-reagents-research-kits-and-analytical-instruments-market.html

Genomics And Proteomics Reagents, Research Kits And Analytical Instruments Market Size, Overview, Share and Forecast 2031

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Unlocking the Future of Cancer Diagnosis: Genomic Cancer Panel and Profiling Market Insights

ntroduction: Cancer, a complex and multifaceted group of diseases, continues to challenge the healthcare industry. However, advancements in genomics have opened new doors for personalized and targeted cancer treatments. One of the groundbreaking tools in this field is the Genomic Cancer Panel and Profiling market. In this blog, we'll delve into the key aspects of this market and explore how it is revolutionizing cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Understanding Genomic Cancer Panel and Profiling:

Genomic cancer panel and profiling involve the comprehensive analysis of a patient's DNA, RNA, and other molecular markers to understand the genetic alterations driving cancer growth. This approach provides a detailed molecular profile of the tumor, allowing healthcare professionals to tailor treatment plans based on the unique genetic makeup of each patient's cancer.

Market Value observed in 2022 was $ 9.90 Billion, and the CAGR in 2023-2032 was found out to be 9.43%. 

Market Growth and Trends:

The genomic cancer panel and profiling market have witnessed significant growth in recent years, driven by increasing cancer incidence, technological advancements, and a growing understanding of the role of genetics in cancer development. The market is characterized by a surge in collaborations between biotechnology companies, academic institutions, and healthcare providers to enhance research capabilities and develop innovative solutions.

Key Players and Technologies:

Several key players dominate the genomic cancer panel and profiling market, offering cutting-edge technologies and solutions. Illumina, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and QIAGEN are among the prominent companies leading the way in developing sequencing platforms and analysis tools. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies play a pivotal role, enabling high-throughput and cost-effective analysis of large genomic datasets.

Clinical Applications:

The clinical applications of genomic cancer panel and profiling are diverse and impactful. These include identifying potential therapeutic targets, predicting treatment response, and uncovering resistance mechanisms. Additionally, this approach aids in the early detection of hereditary cancer syndromes, facilitating preventive measures for at-risk individuals.

Challenges and Opportunities:

While the genomic cancer panel and profiling market hold immense promise, it is not without challenges. Data interpretation, standardization of testing protocols, and the integration of genomic information into clinical practice pose ongoing hurdles. However, these challenges also present opportunities for further research, technological innovation, and collaboration to overcome barriers and improve patient outcomes.

Future Prospects:

The future of genomic cancer panels and profiling looks promising, with ongoing advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics enhancing our ability to extract meaningful insights from vast genomic datasets. Integrating these technologies into routine clinical practice could streamline decision-making processes, optimize treatment strategies, and contribute to the broader field of precision medicine.

Conclusion:

The Genomic Cancer Panel and Profiling market are at the forefront of transforming cancer care by providing personalized and targeted approaches to diagnosis and treatment. As we continue to unlock the mysteries of the human genome, the synergy between technology, research, and clinical application holds the key to a future where cancer is not just treated but understood at its genetic core, paving the way for more effective and tailored therapies.

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USA Genome Sequencing Market- A Story of Rapid Development

According to MarkNtel Advisors’ research report titled “USA Genome Sequencing Market Analysis, 2020”, the USA Genome Sequencing market is anticipated to grow at a considerable CAGR during 2020-25F on an account of bolstering investment in genomics medicine and rising partnerships among the market players to accelerate the adoption of genomics in order to support the increasing demand for clinical grade genomic information at lower cost.

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Genomic Testing for Cancer: Improving Treatment and Diagnosis

The field of genomics is revolutionizing how people perceive cancer. Clinicians are using it to diagnose drug resistance in patients and give them precise oncology treatments. Additionally, the use of cancer genomes could facilitate early diagnosis and forecast treatment failures. In the end, utilizing genomics in cancer treatment will significantly enhance patient outcomes and increase the treatability of this lethal group of diseases.

A growing number of sophisticated and reliable genetic testing techniques have been developed as a result of the rapid advancement of genomic technologies. Thus, it is anticipated to drive the market growth. In addition, according to a research report by Astute Analytica, the global genomic testing market is likely to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.54% over the projection period from 2023 to 2031.

How can cancer genomics enhance diagnosis?

National screening initiatives, which mostly include physical exams and medical imaging, continue to play a significant role in the diagnosis of cancer. After a tumor is found, a biopsy is performed to assist with the diagnosis. The tissue is subjected to molecular testing for cancer-specific biomarkers, and the genetic data obtained is then utilized to select medicines and track the outcomes of treatment.

However, due to the position of the tumor, the biopsy technique is occasionally challenging and frequently uncomfortable for the patient. Additionally, some individuals still do not exhibit a sustained response or do not respond at all after being matched to a therapy. In essence, many cancer treatments are useless, and regrettably, this is frequently difficult to ascertain immediately away. As a result, significant research has been done to enhance the cancer diagnostic process using genomics and other molecular technologies.

How can cancer genomics improve available treatments?

Personalized oncology

Targeted therapies that are tailored to the genetic causes of cancer have been created since the introduction of genomic sequencing. Precision oncology refers to the delivery of personalized cancer care based on the genetic and molecular characteristics of a particular patient's cancer.

When determining which medicine is best for a patient, the practice also takes into account their epigenome, proteome, lifestyle, microbiome, and food. At different stages of precision oncology, understanding cancer genetics is essential to successfully administering targeted therapies. This might come from patient management procedures as well as clinical trials.

Rediscovering of drugs

Large-scale genetic profiling of tumors not only allows for the identification of potential therapeutic molecular variants linked to licensed anticancer medications. It also aids in the identification of variants that may be handled differently from those that are now available and more conventional. A trial with an adaptive design known as the Drug Rediscovery Protocol was started in 2016 to find signs of activity in cancer patients receiving treatment with medications that were not prescribed according to the drug's approved label.

The goal of the study was to gather and disseminate for the first time systematically the successes and failures of these non-traditional medicines. Treatment options can be challenging since tumors can contain numerous driver mutations and are quite complex.

Content Source: - Genomic Testing Market

[bisresearchreports]

The mortality rate and alarmingly high prevalence have placed an unprecedented strain on the healthcare system. Researchers and healthcare professionals are working to develop effective cancer diagnostic and treatment procedures by making the best use of the cutting-edge technology that is currently available.

[joeypetter]

Genome Editing Market 2022: Revenue Growth, Key Factors, Major Companies, Forecast To 2030 with Leading Regions and Countries Data| By R&I

The report is titled ‘Genome Editing Market: Opportunity Analysis and Future Assessment 2020-2028’. An overview of conceptual frameworks, analytical approaches of the Genome Editing market is the main objective of the report, which further consists of the market opportunity and insights of the data involved in the making of the respective market. Genome editing market is expected to grow at a significant rate in the near future.

The global genome editing market in 2020 is estimated for more than US$ 2.4 Bn and expected to reach a value of US$ 14.5 Bn by 2028 with a significant CAGR of 25.3%.

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Genome Editing Introduction

Genome editing is a method of making definite variations to the DNA of an organism or cell. The method of genome editing involves cutting the particular DNA sequence with an engineered nucleus, more commonly known as an enzyme.

The main purpose of genome editing is to add, cut down, or amend DNA in the genome that results in changes in the features of an organism or cell. The method of genome editing can be applied to any kind of organism to alter the DNA in the genome,

However, it is wrongful and prohibited to practice genome editing on human embryos. Although genome editing finds applications in numerous industries such as in biotechnology, for research and development activities as well as it can promote its utility in treating some severe diseases. Thus, the genome editing market is expected to observe substantial growth in the near future.

Genome Editing Market Dynamics

The increased research and development activities these days are majorly contributing to the growth of the global genome editing market, as genome editing serves its utility in altering the DNA in organisms or cells in order to get the picture of their biology and their work. Along with that, genomic editing also serves in treating various chronic diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, MRSA, hemophilia, muscular dystrophy, and many more as it carries the potential to customize the human blood cells that are then put back into the body.

Owing to this, the global genome editing market is expected to witness significant growth in the forthcoming future By the same token, the employment of the method in the accomplishment of therapeutic genome editing in contaminated or affected tissues or cells, thereby eliminating the harmful variation is also expected to give a positive boost to the growth of the global genome editing market in the near future.

In addition to that, the soaring count of partnerships, collaborations, and acquisitions in biotechnological and pharmaceutical companies in the present-day world is also contributing to the growing number of research activities, thus increasing the applications for genome editing in the upcoming future. Thus, the global genome editing market is projected to elevate positively during the forecast timeframe.

MMC Overview on Genome Editing Market Report

The non-identical approach of Reports and Insights stands with conceptual methods backed up with the data analysis. The novel market understanding approach makes up the standard of the assessment results that give a better opportunity for the customers to put their effort.

A research report on the genome editing market by Reports and Insights is an in-depth and extensive study of the market based on the necessary data crunching and statistical analysis. It provides a brief view of the dynamics flowing through the market, which includes the factors that support the market and the factors that are acting as impedance for the growth of the market.

Furthermore, the report includes the various trends and opportunities in the respective market in different regions for a better understanding of readers that helps to analyze the potential of the market.

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Genome Editing Market Segmentation

The global genome editing market is segmented on the basis of technology, application, end-user, and region.

By Technology

CRISPR

TALEN

ZFN

Antisense

Other Technologies

By Application

Cell line Engineering

Genetic Engineering

Other Applications

By End-User

Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies

Academic & Research Institutes

Contract Research Organizations

By Region

North America

Latin America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Middle East

Africa

Genome Editing Market Key Players

Some of the key participating players in the genome editing market are

Thermo Fisher Scientific

Merck

Horizon Discovery Group

Genscript

Sangamo Biosciences

Integrated DNA Technologies

Lonza

New England Biolabs

Origene Technologies

Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals

Editas Medicine

Crispr Therapeutics

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Whole Genome Synthesis Market Growth, Overview with Detailed Analysis 2022-2028

Whole Genome Synthesis Market Growth, Overview with Detailed Analysis 2022-2028

The Whole Genome Synthesis Market research report 2022-2030 provides an in-depth analysis of the changing trends, opportunities, and challenges influencing the growth over the next decade. The study includes a detailed summary of each market along with data related to demand, supply and distribution. The report examines Whole Genome Synthesis market growth strategies adopted by leading…

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The Genomics Market in 2023 is US$ 46.2 billion, and is expected to reach US$ 119.55 billion by 2031 at a CAGR of 12.62%.

[covid-safer-hotties]

The next pandemic is inevitable. Australia isn’t ready - Published Sept 23, 2024

(Before you Americans yell at me, It's already the 23rd in Australia. This is very late-breaking)

I thought this was a really good breakdown of the current situation given the government-approved covid denial we live in. Long, but worth a read.

By Kate Aubusson and Mary Ward

Top infectious disease and public health veterans at the nerve centre of the state’s war against COVID-19 are sounding the alarm.

NSW is less prepared today to fend off a deadly pandemic despite the lessons of COVID-19, say top infectious disease and public health veterans at the nerve centre of the state’s war against the virus.

And we won’t have another hundred years to wait.

NSW’s gold standard Test-Trace-Isolate-Quarantine and vaccination strategies will be useless if a distrusting population rejects directives, refuses to give up its freedoms again, and the goodwill of shell-shocked public health workers dries up.

A panel of experts convened by The Sydney Morning Herald called for a pandemic combat agency akin to the armed forces or fire brigades to commit to greater transparency or risk being caught off guard by the next virulent pathogen and misinformation with the potential to spread faster than any virus.

“It’s inevitable,” says Professor Eddie Holmes of the next pandemic. A world-leading authority on the emergence of infectious diseases at the University of Sydney, Holmes predicts: “We’ll have less than 100 years [before the next pandemic].

“We’re seeing a lot of new coronaviruses that are spilling over into animals that humans are interacting with,” said Holmes, the first person to publish the coronavirus genome sequence for the world to see.

“People are exposed all the time, and each time we are rolling the dice.”

The independent review of NSW Health’s response to COVID-19 opened with the same warning: “No health system or community will have the luxury of 100 years of downtime.”

Pandemic preparedness needs to be a “permanent priority”, wrote the report’s author, Robyn Kruk, a former NSW Health secretary, “rather than following the path of those that have adopted a ‘panic and forget strategy,’ allowing system preparedness to wane”.

Why we don’t have 100 years to wait for the next pandemic The World Health Organisation has declared seven public health emergencies of international concern since 2014, including the current mpox outbreak.

Climate change is turbocharging the factors that coalesce to create the perfect breeding ground for a pandemic-causing virus, including population increases, bigger cities, and better-connected global markets and migration.

“Animals will be forced into more constrained environments, and humans that rely on those environments will be again constrained in the same environments. There will be more wet markets, more live animal trade that will just increase exposure,” Holmes said.

“It was clear that we weren’t ready [for COVID],” said Jennie Musto, who, after seven years working for the World Health Organisation overseas, became NSW Health’s operations manager for the Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, the team responsible for NSW’s COVID-19 contact tracing and containment.

“Everyone had preparedness plans gathering dust on a shelf, but no one was actually ready to respond, and so everyone was on the back foot,” Musto said. “Perhaps none of us really thought this was going to happen. We were waiting 500 years.”

Who would willingly become the next doomed whistleblower? Eddie Holmes, known for his repeated assertion that SARS-CoV-2 did not come from a lab, is deeply concerned that when the next pandemic-causing virus emerges, chances are it will be covered up.

“My worry is that if the virus appeared in a small population, say, somewhere in Southeast Asia, the people involved wouldn’t blow the whistle now, given the fact that you would get blamed,” he said.

Li Wenliang, the Wuhan doctor who tried to raise the alarm about a virulent new virus, was reportedly reprimanded by police for spreading rumours and later died of COVID-19.

The global blame game, culminating in a deep distrust of China and accusations that the virus was grown in a Wuhan lab, is why Holmes believes “we’re in no better place than we were before COVID started, if not worse”.

“I work with a lot of people in China trying to keep the lines of communication open, and they’re scared, I think, or nervous about saying things that are perceived to counter national interest.”

From a vaccine perspective, our defences look strong. There have been monumental advancements in vaccine development globally, driven by mRNA technology. In Sydney this month, construction began on an RNA vaccine research and manufacturing facility.

“But the way I see it is that nothing has been done in terms of animal surveillance of outbreaks or data sharing. The [global] politics has got much, much worse,” Holmes said.

Combat force Conjoint Associate Professor Craig Dalton, a leading public health physician and clinical epidemiologist, called for a dramatic expansion of the public health workforce and the establishment of a pandemic combat force that would routinely run real-time pandemic simulations during “peacetime”.

“No one is upset with fire brigades spending most of the time not fighting fires. They train. A lot. And that’s probably how we need to move,” he said.

“We need exercise training units so that every major player in pandemic response is involved in a real-time, three to four-day pandemic response every three to five years at national, state and local [levels].”

The federal Department of Health and Aged Care recently ran a health emergency exercise focused on governance arrangements involving chief health officers and senior health emergency management officials, a spokeswoman for Health Minister Mark Butler said. The outcomes of this exercise will be tested later this year.

Dalton said desktop simulations and high-level exercises involving a handful of chiefs didn’t cut it, considering the thousands of people working across regions and states. He instead suggested an intensive training program run in the Hunter New England region before the 2009 H1N1 pandemic provided a good model.

“We were ringing people, actors were getting injections, just like a real pandemic,” said Dalton, who once ordered a burrito in a last-ditch effort to contact a restaurant exposed to COVID-19.

Our heroes have had it The expert panel was emphatic that our pandemic response cannot once again rely on the goodwill of the public health and healthcare workforce.

According to the Kruk review, what began as an emergency response ultimately morphed from a sprint into an ultra marathon and “an admirable (yet unsustainable) ‘whatever it takes’ mindset”.

They were hailed as heroes, but the toll of COVID-19 on healthcare workers was brutal. Workloads were untenable, the risk of transmission was constant, and the risk of violence and aggression (for simply wearing their scrubs on public transport in some cases) was terrifying.

“We got through this pandemic through a lot of people working ridiculous hours,” Dalton said.

“You talk to a lot of people who did that and say they could not do it again.”

Tellingly, several expert personnel who worked at the front lines or in the control centre of NSW’s pandemic defences were invited to join the Herald’s forum but declined. Revisiting this period of intense public scrutiny, culminating in online attacks and physical threats, was just too painful.

So long, solidarity Arguably, the biggest threat to our pandemic defences will be the absence of our greatest strength during COVID: the population’s solidarity and willingness to follow public health orders even when it meant forfeiting fundamental freedoms.

The public largely complied with statewide public health orders, including the stay-at-home directive that became the 107-day Delta lockdown, and other severe restrictions prevented many from being at the bedside of their dying loved ones, visiting relatives in aged care homes and attending funerals.

“My worry is that next time around when those sorts of rules come out, people may say, ‘Well, don’t worry about it.’ They relax it in the future. Why don’t we just not stick to the rules?” said Professor Nicholas Wood, associate director of clinical research and services at the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance.

“I’m not sure we quite understand whether people [will be] happy with those rules again,” he said.

Dalton was more strident.

“I tend to agree with Michael Osterholm … an eminent US epidemiologist [who] recently said the US is probably less prepared for a pandemic now than it was in 2019, mostly because the learnings by health departments in the COVID pandemic may not make a material difference if faced with a community that distrusts its public health agencies,” he said.

“If H1N1 or something else were to spill over in the next couple of years, things like masks, social distancing and lockdowns would not be acceptable. Vaccination would be rejected by a huge part of the population, and politicians might be shy about putting mandates in.”

As for the total shutdown of major industries, people will struggle to accept it unless the next pandemic poses a greater threat than COVID, said UNSW applied mathematician Professor James Wood.

The risk of the virus to individuals and their families will be weighed against the negative effects of restrictions, which are much better understood today, said Wood, whose modelling of the impact of cases and vaccination rates was used by NSW Health.

“Something like school closure would be a much tougher argument with a similar pathogen,” he said.

A previous panel of education experts convened by the Herald to interrogate pandemic decision-making in that sector was highly critical of the decision to close schools for months during NSW’s Delta lockdown.

Greg Dore, professor of infectious diseases and epidemiology at the Kirby Institute, said the public’s reluctance to adhere to restrictions again may, in part, be appropriate.

“Some of the restrictions on people leaving the country were a bit feudal and too punitive,” he said. “Other restrictions were plain stupid, [for instance] limitations on time exercising outside.”

Meanwhile, the delays to publicly recognise the benefits of face masks and the threat of airborne transmission “ate away at trust”, Dalton said.

“We shouldn’t make those mistakes again,” he said.

Transparent transgressions Uncertainty is not something politicians are adept at communicating, but uncertainty is the only constant during a pandemic of a novel virus.

Vaccines that offered potent protection against early iterations of the COVID virus were less effective against Omicron variants.

“[The public], unfortunately, got hit by a rapid sequence of changes of what was ‘true’ in the pandemic,” James Wood said.

Political distrust can be deadly if governments give the public reason to suspect they are obfuscating.

The expert panel urged NSW’s political leaders to be far more transparent about the public health advice they were given before unilaterally enforcing restrictions.

There was a clear line between public health advice and political decision-making in Victoria. The Victorian chief health officer’s written advice was routinely published online.

In NSW, that line was blurred as Chief Health Officer Kerry Chant stood beside political leaders, most notably former premier Gladys Berejiklian, at the daily press conferences.

Public health experts said that they looked for subtle cues to determine the distinction between the expert advice and the political messaging during press conferences, paying attention to body language, who spoke when and who stayed silent.

“It is fine for public health personnel to have a different view to politicians. They have different jobs. What is not OK is to have politicians saying they are acting on public health advice [when they are not],” he said.

The ‘whys’ behind the decisions being made were missing from the daily press conferences, which created “a vacuum for misinformation”, said social scientist and public health expert Professor Julie Leask at the University of Sydney.

“The communication about what you need to do came out, and it was pretty good … but the ‘why we’re doing this’ and ‘what trade-offs we’ve considered’ and ‘what dilemmas we’ve faced in making this decision’; that was not shared,” Leask said.

The infodemic In the absence of transparency, misinformation and disinformation fill the vacuum.

“We had an ‘infodemic’ during the pandemic,” said Dr Jocelyne Basseal, who worked on the COVID-19 response for WHO in the Western Pacific and leads strategic development at the Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Sydney.

“The public has been so confused. Where do we go for trusted information [when] everyone can now write absolutely anything, whether on Twitter [now called X] or [elsewhere] on the web?” Basseal said.

A systematic review conducted by WHO found misinformation on social media accounted for up to 51 per cent of posts about vaccines, 29 per cent of posts about COVID-19 and 60 per cent of posts about pandemics.

Basseal’s teenage children recently asked whether they were going into lockdown after TikTok videos about the mpox outbreak.

“There is a lot of work to be done now, in ‘peacetime’ … to get ahead of misinformation,” Basseal said, including fortifying relationships with community groups and teaching scientists – trusted and credible sources of information – how to work with media.

In addition to the Kruk review’s six recommendations to improve its pandemic preparedness, NSW Health undertook a second inquiry into its public health response to COVID-19, which made 104 recommendations.

NSW Health Minister Ryan Park said: “We are working hard to ensure the findings and recommendations from those reports are being implemented as quickly as possible.”

The expert panellists spoke in their capacity as academics and not on behalf of NSW Health or WHO.

The ‘As One System’ review into NSW Health’s COVID-19 response made six recommendations 1. Make governance and decision-making structures clearer, inclusive, and more widely understood 2. Strengthen co-ordination, communication, engagement, and collaboration 3. Enhance the speed, transparency, accuracy, and practicality of data and information sharing 4. Prioritise the needs of vulnerable people and communities most at risk, impacted and in need from day one 5. Put communities at the centre of emergency governance, planning, preparedness, and response 6. Recognise, develop and sustain workforce health, wellbeing, capability and agility.

[mohitbisresearch]

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