#pion steam

[uniquejellyfishqueen]

Filming in LA. Filming in Van.

8/3 (11). 12/6 (18)

8/4 (12). 12/7 (19)

8/7 (13). 12/8 (20)

2013-1912‎ = 101

1912-1811‎ = 101

101 years from 2024= 1923

1923-1811‎ = 112

1923-1912‎ = 11

11/1/2012 TS performed at The 2012 Country Music Association Awards in Nashville. She performed “Begin Again”

*played 2 x on the eras tour 4/23/2023 in Houston and 5/12/2024 in Paris.

*11/12/2012 - 12/8/2024 is 12 years 1 month and 7 days

12/17…. 9 days post tour.

12/17/1835 13 acres of New York City's Financial District are destroyed during the second Great Fire of New York

12/17/1892 The First issue of Vogue, and American monthly fashion and lifestyle magazine is published

12/17/1903 The Wright brothers make their first controlled powered, air flight in the Wright Flyer at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

12/17/1933 The first NFL Championship Game is played in Chicago at Wrigley Field between the New York Giants and the Chicago Bears who won 23-21

12/17/1957 The United States successfully launches the first Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile at Cape Canaveral, Florida

12/17/1967 The Prime Minister of Australia, Harold Holt is presumed drowned after he disappears while swimming near Portsea, Victoria

12/17/1969 The United States Air Force closes Project Blue Book, their study of UFO's

12/17/1981 American Brigadier General James L. Dozier is kidnapped by the Red Brigades in Verona, Italy

12/17/1989 The Simpsons debut on Fox and during Season 3, Michael Jackson, Sting, and Aerosmith guest star

12/17/2009 The MV Danny F II sinks off the coast of Lebanon carrying 83 people, 10,224 sheep, and 17,932 cattle, 40 people were rescued, 11 found dead, and the other crew, passengers, and animals are presumed to have diet

1811

In 1811, the first Freemason lodge in Cleveland, Ohio was established and chartered as Concord Lodge No. 15 for several years it met in the "long rooms" of various taverns, including the one owned by Lorenzo Carter, himself a Mason.

Battle of Tippecanoe

American troops led by William Henry Harrison defeated the Native American chief Tecumseh in November. This battle took place almost a year before the War of 1812 was officially declared

The publication of Jane Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility published anonymously.

The great comet of 1811

This comet was thought to have a coma that was over 1 million miles across, which was 50% larger than the Sun

The Richmond Theatre Fire

72 people died in the fire, including the Governor of Virginia and the president of the First National Bank of Virginia

The New Madrid earthquake

The earthquake in the Mississippi Valley reversed the course of the river for a time

The first steam powered ferry

The Juliana, invented by John Stevens, began operating between New York and Hoboken, New Jersey

The birth of Harriet Beecher Stowe

The writer and abolitionist who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin was born in Litchfield, Connecticut

The Regency Act 1811

The Prince of Wales became the Prince Regent and took over as head of state after the King was suspended from his duties

1912

In 1912, President William Howard Taft visited Liberty Lodge in Beverly, Massachusetts as a Freemason. Taft was one of only 14 presidents to be a Mason, serving as the 27th presi

4/15/1912 at 2:20 am the RMS Titanic sinks into the North Atlantic Ocean

New Mexico becomes a state: New Mexico joined the Union on January 6, 1912

First transcontinental flight: The first eastbound U.S. transcontinental flight landed in Jacksonville, Florida on February 8, 1912

Novarupta eruption: The eruption of Novarupta in Alaska began on June 6, 1912, and was the largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century

Alaska becomes a U.S. territory: Alaska became a U.S. territory on May 11, 1912

Royal Flying Corps is established: The Royal Flying Corps, the forerunner of the Royal Air Force, was established in the United Kingdom on May 13, 1912

Wilbur Wright dies: Pioneer aviator Wilbur Wright died of typhoid fever in Dayton, Ohio on May 30, 1912

Oreo cookie is produced: Nabisco produced the first Oreo cookie in 1912

Motorized movie cameras are invented: Motorized movie cameras were invented in 1912, replacing hand-cranked cameras

Life Savers candy is created: Clarence Crane created Life Savers candy in 1912

International Opium Convention is signed: The International Opium Convention was signed at The Hague, becoming the first international drug control treaty

1923 (3 years after the NFL was founded)

Rosewood Massacre: White vigilante mobs attacked the Black community of Rosewood, Florida on January 1

Teapot Dome scandal: Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall resigned after public outrage over the scandal.

Tutankhamun's tomb: English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the sealed tomb of the ancient Egyptian boy king

Beer Hall Putsch: Adolf Hitler led a failed coup in Munich, Germany, and was sentenced to five years in prison

Japanese earthquake: A massive earthquake killed more than 140,000 people in Japan

September 18–26 – Newspaper printers strike in New York City

On August 3, 1923, Calvin Coolidge is sworn in as the 30th president of the United States, hours after the death of President Warren G. Harding

The James M. Hays Masonic Lodge (No. 331) was chartered on June 13, 1923

A rare vintage booklet about the Grand Lodge of New York was published in January 1923

The Shriners, a branch of Freemasonry, held their annual convention in Washington, D.C. in 1923. The convention included parades on June 5 and June 6

First rotorcraft flight: Juan de la Cierva's Cierva C.4 autogyro made its first flight in Spain

World Series: The New York Yankees won their first World Series title, defeating the New York Giants 4 games to 2

The Walt Disney Company: Roy and Walt Disney founded The Walt Disney Company

Insulin: Insulin became widely available to treat diabetes

Hollywood Sign: The Hollywood Sign was erected in Los Angeles, California

Irish Civil War: The Irish Civil War took place from June 1922 to May 1923

Electric shaver: Jacob Schick invented the first electric shaver

Frozen food: Clarence Birdseye invented frozen food

Sound-on-film technology: Phonofilm, sound-on-film technology, was invented

2013

The Freemason movie

A 2013 crime movie about a banker's murder and his Masonic ties. The movie was filmed at the Salt Lake Masonic Temple in Utah and stars Sean Astin, Randy Wayne, and Alex McKenna. It is rated PG-13

A Winter 2013 issue of Freemasonry Today celebrated the bicentenary of Royal Arch Masonry at Canterbury Cathedral. The service honored the Masonic principles of unity, fellowship, and service to the community

Masonic Year 2013(150th Anniversary)

A book compiled by Neal Greenberg about the 150th anniversary of the Masonic Year.

TS on The Red Tour.

Supreme Court rulings
The Supreme Court struck down the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) as unconstitutional, which made federal benefits available to legally married gay couples.The court also ruled that supporters of California's same-sex marriage ban did not have the legal right to defend it in court. 

Supreme Court clears way for gay marriage

The Supreme Court ruled in favor of gay marriage in June 2013


State legalization
Same-sex marriage became legal in Rhode Island and Minnesota on August 1, 2013. Other states that legalized same-sex marriage in 2013 include: 
Uruguay: On August 5, 2013, Uruguay became the 12th country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage. 
New Zealand: On August 19, 2013, New Zealand became the 15th country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage. 
New Mexico: In 2013, same-sex marriage licenses began to be issued in Doña Ana, Santa Fe, Bernalillo, San Miguel, and Valencia counties. 


Conversion therapy ban
In August 2013, New Jersey banned conversion therapy. 

President Obama announced his support for same-sex marriage in the midst of his re-election bid. 


Boston Marathon bombing

Two bombs exploded near the finish line of the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013, killing three people and injuring more than 260 others.

Edward Snowden leaks classified information
Snowden became internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information. 

George Zimmerman trial: Zimmerman was found not guilty of second-degree murder and manslaughter

Boston Red Sox win the World Series: Defeated the St. Louis Cardinals four games to two

Prince George's birth: On July 22, 2013, Prince George Alexander Louis was born at St. Mary's Hospital in London. He is second in line to the throne after his father, Prince William

Queen's Diamond Jubilee: The Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrated the 60th anniversary of her accession to the throne. Events included a reception at Rideau Hall, an essay contest for youth, and a conference on the Canadian Crown

Prince William's RAF service ends: Prince William's service as an RAF helicopter pilot came to an end in 2013

2/3/2013

Super Bowl XLVII

Ravens 34 vs 49ers 31 (49ers were the bet by 4)

Beyonce and Destiny’s Child were the half time show

It was at the Mercedes Benz Superdome In NOLA







[ultrimio]

Conceptual Design for a Neutrino Power Transmission System

Overview

Neutrinos could potentially be used to send electricity over long distances without the need for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) lines. Neutrinos have the unique property of being able to pass through matter without interacting with it, which makes them ideal for transmitting energy over long distances without significant energy loss. This property allows neutrinos to be used as a medium for energy transmission, potentially replacing HVDC lines in certain applications.

So the goal is to create a neutrino-based power transmission system capable of sending and receiving a beam of neutrinos that carry a few MW of power across a short distance. This setup will include a neutrino beam generator (transmitter), a travel medium, and a neutrino detector (receiver) that can convert the neutrinos' kinetic energy into electrical power.

1. Neutrino Beam Generator (Transmitter)

Particle Accelerator: At the heart of the neutrino beam generator will be a particle accelerator. This accelerator will increase the energy of protons before colliding them with a target to produce pions and kaons, which then decay into neutrinos. A compact linear accelerator or a small synchrotron could be used for this purpose.

Target Material: The protons accelerated by the particle accelerator will strike a dense material target (like tungsten or graphite) to create a shower of pions and kaons.

Decay Tunnel: After production, these particles will travel through a decay tunnel where they decay into neutrinos. This tunnel needs to be under vacuum or filled with inert gas to minimize interactions before decay.

Focusing Horns: Magnetic horns will be used to focus the charged pions and kaons before they decay, enhancing the neutrino beam's intensity and directionality.

Energy and Beam Intensity: To achieve a few MW of power, the system will need to operate at several gigaelectronvolts (GeV) with a proton beam current of a few tens of milliamperes.

2. Travel Medium

Direct Line of Sight: Neutrinos can travel through the Earth with negligible absorption or scattering, but for initial tests, a direct line of sight through air or vacuum could be used to simplify detection.

Distance: The initial setup could span a distance from a few hundred meters to a few kilometers, allowing for measurable neutrino interactions without requiring excessively large infrastructure.

3. Neutrino Detector (Receiver)

Detector Medium: A large volume of water or liquid scintillator will be used as the detecting medium. Neutrinos interacting with the medium produce a charged particle that can then be detected via Cherenkov radiation or scintillation light.

Photodetectors: Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) or Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) will be arranged around the detector medium to capture the light signals generated by neutrino interactions.

Energy Conversion: The kinetic energy of particles produced in neutrino interactions will be converted into heat. This heat can then be used in a traditional heat-to-electricity conversion system (like a steam turbine or thermoelectric generators).

Shielding and Background Reduction: To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the detector will be shielded with lead or water to reduce background radiation. A veto system may also be employed to distinguish neutrino events from other particle interactions.

4. Control and Data Acquisition

Synchronization: Precise timing and synchronization between the accelerator and the detector will be crucial to identify and correlate neutrino events.

Data Acquisition System: A high-speed data acquisition system will collect data from the photodetectors, processing and recording the timing and energy of detected events.

Hypothetical Power Calculation

To estimate the power that could be transmitted:

Neutrino Flux: Let the number of neutrinos per second be ( N_\nu ), and each neutrino carries an average energy ( E_\nu ).

Neutrino Interaction Rate: Only a tiny fraction (( \sigma )) of neutrinos will interact with the detector material. For a detector with ( N_d ) target nuclei, the interaction rate ( R ) is ( R = N_\nu \sigma N_d ).

Power Conversion: If each interaction deposits energy ( E_d ) into the detector, the power ( P ) is ( P = R \times E_d ).

For a beam of ( 10^{15} ) neutrinos per second (a feasible rate for a small accelerator) each with ( E_\nu = 1 ) GeV, and assuming an interaction cross-section ( \sigma \approx 10^{-38} ) cm(^2), a detector with ( N_d = 10^{30} ) (corresponding to about 10 kilotons of water), and ( E_d = E_\nu ) (for simplicity in this hypothetical scenario), the power is:

[ P = 10

^{15} \times 10^{-38} \times 10^{30} \times 1 \text{ GeV} ]

[ P = 10^{7} \times 1 \text{ GeV} ]

Converting GeV to joules (1 GeV ≈ (1.6 \times 10^{-10}) J):

[ P = 10^{7} \times 1.6 \times 10^{-10} \text{ J/s} ]

[ P = 1.6 \text{ MW} ]

Thus, under these very optimistic and idealized conditions, the setup could theoretically transmit about 1.6 MW of power. However, this is an idealized maximum, and actual performance would likely be significantly lower due to various inefficiencies and losses.

Detailed Steps to Implement the Conceptual Design

Step 1: Building the Neutrino Beam Generator

Accelerator Design:

Choose a compact linear accelerator or a small synchrotron capable of accelerating protons to the required energy (several GeV).

Design the beamline with the necessary magnetic optics to focus and direct the proton beam.

Target Station:

Construct a target station with a high-density tungsten or graphite target to maximize pion and kaon production.

Implement a cooling system to manage the heat generated by the high-intensity proton beam.

Decay Tunnel:

Design and construct a decay tunnel, optimizing its length to maximize the decay of pions and kaons into neutrinos.

Include magnetic focusing horns to shape and direct the emerging neutrino beam.

Safety and Controls:

Develop a control system to synchronize the operation of the accelerator and monitor the beam's properties.

Implement safety systems to manage radiation and operational risks.

Step 2: Setting Up the Neutrino Detector

Detector Medium:

Select a large volume of water or liquid scintillator. For a few MW of transmitted power, consider a detector size of around 10 kilotons, similar to large neutrino detectors in current experiments.

Place the detector underground or in a well-shielded facility to reduce cosmic ray backgrounds.

Photodetectors:

Install thousands of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) or Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) around the detector to capture light from neutrino interactions.

Optimize the arrangement of these sensors to maximize coverage and detection efficiency.

Energy Conversion System:

Design a system to convert the kinetic energy from particle reactions into heat.

Couple this heat to a heat exchanger and use it to drive a turbine or other electricity-generating device.

Data Acquisition and Processing:

Implement a high-speed data acquisition system to record signals from the photodetectors.

Develop software to analyze the timing and energy of events, distinguishing neutrino interactions from background noise.

Step 3: Integration and Testing

Integration:

Carefully align the neutrino beam generator with the detector over the chosen distance.

Test the proton beam operation, target interaction, and neutrino production phases individually before full operation.

Calibration:

Use calibration sources and possibly a low-intensity neutrino source to calibrate the detector.

Adjust the photodetector and data acquisition settings to optimize signal detection and reduce noise.

Full System Test:

Begin with low-intensity beams to ensure the system's stability and operational safety.

Gradually increase the beam intensity, monitoring the detector's response and the power output.

Operational Refinement:

Refine the beam focusing and detector sensitivity based on initial tests.

Implement iterative improvements to increase the system's efficiency and power output.

Challenges and Feasibility

While the theoretical framework suggests that a few MW of power could be transmitted via neutrinos, several significant challenges would need to be addressed to make such a system feasible:

Interaction Rates: The extremely low interaction rate of neutrinos means that even with a high-intensity beam and a large detector, only a tiny fraction of the neutrinos will be detected and contribute to power generation.

Technological Limits: The current state of particle accelerator and neutrino detection technology would make it difficult to achieve the necessary beam intensity and detection efficiency required for MW-level power transmission.

Cost and Infrastructure: The cost of building and operating such a system would be enormous, likely many orders of magnitude greater than existing power transmission systems.

Efficiency: Converting the kinetic energy of particles produced in neutrino interactions to electrical energy with high efficiency is a significant technical challenge.

Scalability: Scaling this setup to practical applications would require even more significant advancements in technology and reductions

in cost.

Detailed Analysis of Efficiency and Cost

Even in an ideal scenario where technological barriers are overcome, the efficiency of converting neutrino interactions into usable power is a critical factor. Here’s a deeper look into the efficiency and cost aspects:

Efficiency Analysis

Neutrino Detection Efficiency: Current neutrino detectors have very low efficiency due to the small cross-section of neutrino interactions. To improve this, advanced materials or innovative detection techniques would be required. For instance, using superfluid helium or advanced photodetectors could potentially increase interaction rates and energy conversion efficiency.

Energy Conversion Efficiency: The process of converting the kinetic energy from particle reactions into usable electrical energy currently has many stages of loss. Thermal systems, like steam turbines, typically have efficiencies of 30-40%. To enhance this, direct energy conversion methods, such as thermoelectric generators or direct kinetic-to-electric conversion, need development but are still far from achieving high efficiency at the scale required.

Overall System Efficiency: Combining the neutrino interaction efficiency and the energy conversion efficiency, the overall system efficiency could be extremely low. For neutrino power transmission to be comparable to current technologies, these efficiencies need to be boosted by several orders of magnitude.

Cost Considerations

Capital Costs: The initial costs include building the particle accelerator, target station, decay tunnel, focusing system, and the neutrino detector. Each of these components is expensive, with costs potentially running into billions of dollars for a setup that could aim to transmit a few MW of power.

Operational Costs: The operational costs include the energy to run the accelerator and the maintenance of the entire system. Given the high-energy particles involved and the precision technology required, these costs would be significantly higher than those for traditional power transmission methods.

Cost-Effectiveness: To determine the cost-effectiveness, compare the total cost per unit of power transmitted with that of HVDC systems. Currently, HVDC transmission costs are about $1-2 million per mile for the infrastructure, plus additional costs for power losses over distance. In contrast, a neutrino-based system would have negligible losses over distance, but the infrastructure costs would dwarf any current system.

Potential Improvements and Research Directions

To move from a theoretical concept to a more practical proposition, several areas of research and development could be pursued:

Advanced Materials: Research into new materials with higher sensitivity to neutrino interactions could improve detection rates. Nanomaterials or quantum dots might offer new pathways to detect and harness the energy from neutrino interactions more efficiently.

Accelerator Technology: Developing more compact and efficient accelerators would reduce the initial and operational costs of generating high-intensity neutrino beams. Using new acceleration techniques, such as plasma wakefield acceleration, could significantly decrease the size and cost of accelerators.

Detector Technology: Improvements in photodetector efficiency and the development of new scintillating materials could enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in neutrino detectors. High-temperature superconductors could also be used to improve the efficiency of magnetic horns and focusing devices.

Energy Conversion Methods: Exploring direct conversion methods, where the kinetic energy of particles from neutrino interactions is directly converted into electricity, could bypass the inefficiencies of thermal conversion systems. Research into piezoelectric materials or other direct conversion technologies could be key.

Conceptual Experiment to Demonstrate Viability

To demonstrate the viability of neutrino power transmission, even at a very small scale, a conceptual experiment could be set up as follows:

Experimental Setup

Small-Scale Accelerator: Use a small-scale proton accelerator to generate a neutrino beam. For experimental purposes, this could be a linear accelerator used in many research labs, capable of accelerating protons to a few hundred MeV.

Miniature Target and Decay Tunnel: Design a compact target and a short decay tunnel to produce and focus neutrinos. This setup will test the beam production and initial focusing systems.

Small Detector: Construct a small-scale neutrino detector, possibly using a few tons of liquid scintillator or water, equipped with sensitive photodetectors. This detector will test the feasibility of detecting focused neutrino beams at short distances.

Measurement and Analysis: Measure the rate of neutrino interactions and the energy deposited in the detector. Compare this to the expected values based on the beam properties and detector design.

Steps to Conduct the Experiment

Calibrate the Accelerator and Beamline: Ensure the proton beam is correctly tuned and the target is accurately positioned to maximize pion and kaon production.

Operate the Decay Tunnel and Focusing System: Run tests to optimize the magnetic focusing horns and maximize the neutrino beam coherence.

Run the Detector: Collect data from the neutrino interactions, focusing on capturing the rare events and distinguishing them from background noise.

Data Analysis: Analyze the collected data to determine the neutrino flux and interaction rate, and compare these to

theoretical predictions to validate the setup.

Optimization: Based on initial results, adjust the beam energy, focusing systems, and detector configurations to improve interaction rates and signal clarity.

Example Calculation for a Proof-of-Concept Experiment

To put the above experimental setup into a more quantitative framework, here's a simplified example calculation:

Assumptions and Parameters

Proton Beam Energy: 500 MeV (which is within the capability of many smaller particle accelerators).

Number of Protons per Second ((N_p)): (1 \times 10^{13}) protons/second (a relatively low intensity to ensure safe operations for a proof-of-concept).

Target Efficiency: Assume 20% of the protons produce pions or kaons that decay into neutrinos.

Neutrino Energy ((E_\nu)): Approximately 30% of the pion or kaon energy, so around 150 MeV per neutrino.

Distance to Detector ((D)): 100 meters (to stay within a compact experimental facility).

Detector Mass: 10 tons of water (equivalent to (10^4) kg, or about (6 \times 10^{31}) protons assuming 2 protons per water molecule).

Neutrino Interaction Cross-Section ((\sigma)): Approximately (10^{-38} , \text{m}^2) (typical for neutrinos at this energy).

Neutrino Detection Efficiency: Assume 50% due to detector design and quantum efficiency of photodetectors.

Neutrino Production

Pions/Kaons Produced: [ N_{\text{pions/kaons}} = N_p \times 0.2 = 2 \times 10^{12} \text{ per second} ]

Neutrinos Produced: [ N_\nu = N_{\text{pions/kaons}} = 2 \times 10^{12} \text{ neutrinos per second} ]

Neutrino Flux at the Detector

Given the neutrinos spread out over a sphere: [ \text{Flux} = \frac{N_\nu}{4 \pi D^2} = \frac{2 \times 10^{12}}{4 \pi (100)^2} , \text{neutrinos/m}^2/\text{s} ] [ \text{Flux} \approx 1.6 \times 10^7 , \text{neutrinos/m}^2/\text{s} ]

Expected Interaction Rate in the Detector

Number of Target Nuclei ((N_t)) in the detector: [ N_t = 6 \times 10^{31} ]

Interactions per Second: [ R = \text{Flux} \times N_t \times \sigma \times \text{Efficiency} ] [ R = 1.6 \times 10^7 \times 6 \times 10^{31} \times 10^{-38} \times 0.5 ] [ R \approx 48 , \text{interactions/second} ]

Energy Deposited

Energy per Interaction: Assuming each neutrino interaction deposits roughly its full energy (150 MeV, or (150 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-13}) J): [ E_d = 150 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-13} , \text{J} = 2.4 \times 10^{-11} , \text{J} ]

Total Power: [ P = R \times E_d ] [ P = 48 \times 2.4 \times 10^{-11} , \text{J/s} ] [ P \approx 1.15 \times 10^{-9} , \text{W} ]

So, the power deposited in the detector from neutrino interactions would be about (1.15 \times 10^{-9}) watts.

Challenges and Improvements for Scaling Up

While the proof-of-concept might demonstrate the fundamental principles, scaling this up to transmit even a single watt of power, let alone megawatts, highlights the significant challenges:

Increased Beam Intensity: To increase the power output, the intensity of the proton beam and the efficiency of pion/kaon production must be dramatically increased. For high power levels, this would require a much higher energy and intensity accelerator, larger and more efficient targets, and more sophisticated focusing systems.

Larger Detector: The detector would need to be massively scaled

up in size. To detect enough neutrinos to convert to a practical amount of power, we're talking about scaling from a 10-ton detector to potentially tens of thousands of tons or more, similar to the scale of detectors used in major neutrino experiments like Super-Kamiokande in Japan.

Improved Detection and Conversion Efficiency: To realistically convert the interactions into usable power, the efficiency of both the detection and the subsequent energy conversion process needs to be near-perfect, which is far beyond current capabilities.

Steps to Scale Up the Experiment

To transition from the initial proof-of-concept to a more substantial demonstration and eventually to a practical application, several steps and advancements are necessary:

Enhanced Accelerator Performance:

Upgrade to Higher Energies: Move from a 500 MeV system to several GeV or even higher, as higher energy neutrinos can penetrate further and have a higher probability of interaction.

Increase Beam Current: Amplify the proton beam current to increase the number of neutrinos generated, aiming for a beam power in the range of hundreds of megawatts to gigawatts.

Optimized Target and Decay Tunnel:

Target Material and Design: Use advanced materials that can withstand the intense bombardment of protons and optimize the geometry for maximum pion and kaon production.

Magnetic Focusing: Refine the magnetic horns and other focusing devices to maximize the collimation and directionality of the produced neutrinos, minimizing spread and loss.

Massive Scale Detector:

Detector Volume: Scale the detector up to the kiloton or even megaton range, using water, liquid scintillator, or other materials that provide a large number of target nuclei.

Advanced Photodetectors: Deploy tens of thousands of high-efficiency photodetectors to capture as much of the light from interactions as possible.

High-Efficiency Energy Conversion:

Direct Conversion Technologies: Research and develop technologies that can convert the kinetic energy from particle reactions directly into electrical energy with minimal loss.

Thermodynamic Cycles: If using heat conversion, optimize the thermodynamic cycle (such as using supercritical CO2 turbines) to maximize the efficiency of converting heat into electricity.

Integration and Synchronization:

Data Acquisition and Processing: Handle the vast amounts of data from the detector with real-time processing to identify and quantify neutrino events.

Synchronization: Ensure precise timing between the neutrino production at the accelerator and the detection events to accurately attribute interactions to the beam.

Realistic Projections and Innovations Required

Considering the stark difference between the power levels in the initial experiment and the target power levels, let's outline the innovations and breakthroughs needed:

Neutrino Production and Beam Focus: To transmit appreciable power via neutrinos, the beam must be incredibly intense and well-focused. Innovations might include using plasma wakefield acceleration for more compact accelerators or novel superconducting materials for more efficient and powerful magnetic focusing.

Cross-Section Enhancement: While we can't change the fundamental cross-section of neutrino interactions, we can increase the effective cross-section by using quantum resonance effects or other advanced physics concepts currently in theoretical stages.

Breakthrough in Detection: Moving beyond conventional photodetection, using quantum coherent technologies or metamaterials could enhance the interaction rate detectable by the system.

Scalable and Safe Operation: As the system scales, ensuring safety and managing the high-energy particles and radiation produced will require advanced shielding and remote handling technologies.

Example of a Scaled Concept

To visualize what a scaled-up neutrino power transmission system might look like, consider the following:

Accelerator: A 10 GeV proton accelerator, with a beam power of 1 GW, producing a focused neutrino beam through a 1 km decay tunnel.

Neutrino Beam: A beam with a diameter of around 10 meters at production, focused down to a few meters at the detector site several kilometers away.

Detector: A 100 kiloton water Cherenkov or liquid scintillator detector, buried deep underground to minimize cosmic ray backgrounds, equipped with around 100,000 high-efficiency photodetectors.

Power Output: Assuming we could improve the overall system efficiency to even 0.1% (a huge leap from current capabilities), the output power could be: [ P_{\text{output}} = 1\text{ GW} \times 0.001 = 1\text{ MW} ]

This setup, while still futuristic, illustrates the scale and type of development needed to make neutrino power transmission a feasible alternative to current technologies.

Conclusion

While the concept of using neutrinos to transmit power is fascinating and could overcome many limitations of current power transmission infrastructure, the path from theory to practical application is long and filled with significant hurdels.

[pekoeboo]

"Wait. Did that eye just blink...?"

here's a year-old sketch that I finally decided to finish!! I drew this back when the gang and I were still playing the Drehmal: Primordial adventure map, and this image was based on the moment when [spoilers] we explored the Resonant Halls underneath Mt. Yavhlix for the first time.

personally, I feel like it was the highlight of the entire playthrough. what a creepy location, honestly? it definitely took us all by surprise and gave us some big spooks, which was pretty fantastic imo haha

so I had to draw a little something with our characters to commemorate that moment!! I can imagine that Aya, Khalan, and Pion had no idea what the heck they were getting themselves into when they were guided to that spooky place, rip. definitely not something that they would've enjoyed in-universe, but it was still a lot of fun to play lol

good times, man. I still highly recommend that adventure map, if you ever have the chance to play it. it's an absolute blast ;o;

Aya belongs to @cookieg122 Pion belongs to Pion Steam please do not remove caption or repost. also on deviantart

[crymor]

Rogue-like with Hovercrafts | PION | Considers Pilot cool ships, pick up weapons, and shoot things. This roguelike provides a new twist by incorporating hovercrafts but the core gameplay isn't introducing anything we haven't seen before. ==BUY THIS GAME====================================== PION on Green Man Gaming ► http://geni.us/BuyGames Massive Savings! Or find it on Steam ► http://ift.tt/2u8nnvK ==ABOUT THIS GAME==================================== * Press or retail key provided. No monetary compensation was provided, and our review was not influenced or reviewed by the publisher. We have promised no special rights to any positive reviews or offered space on our editorial calendar. A fast-paced sci-fi top-down shooter with roguelike elements. Pilot exotic hovercraft and battle your way through ancient drones and deadly defense systems to reclaim Earth. Upgrade your hovercraft by collecting powerful weapons and forgotten technology from the remnants of Earth's techno-cults. ==CRYMOR============================================= Subscribe.................► https://youtube.com/crymorgamingtv?sub_confirmation=1 Website.....................► http://CryMor.tv Discord.....................► http://ift.tt/2uaO82w Patreon.....................► http://ift.tt/2tBqC1p by CryMor Gaming

[pekoeboo]

Khalan's Journal (Entry #20)

Rating: T also on AO3 [prev]-[start]-[next]

-----

Day 103 – Morning

Although things have been busy at the house, it's been terribly quiet without Pion, J., and the Captain here.

Truthfully, it feels... rather strange, I suppose. We used to be something of an unconventional family unit, yet everyone already seems to have their own lives in this new world. Sure, we've created a small network of Waystones that allow us to visit each other whenever we want, but it's nothing like how things used to be – where we all lived in one central area and got to spend time together every day.

I understand that things will likely never be the same in this world, however. The fact that both the Captain and J. are very different people here only hammers home that concept. Change is inevitable; there isn't much that we can do about it.

Yet... I still find myself thinking back to what we had in Drehmal, and yearning for that sense of closeness that we all once had. Is it normal to feel nostalgic for a not-so-distant past? To feel slightly upset over losing a sense of normalcy?

I didn't think that the simple life we had would be taken away from us in the blink of an eye. Everyone is here and safe, yes, but it has become very clear to me that our lives will never be what they used to be.

If I'm being perfectly honest, I fear that it will take some time before I fully come to terms with these changes. And I'm not quite sure how I feel about that.

-----

[pekoeboo]

Khalan's Journal (Entry #19)

Rating: T also on AO3 [prev]-[start]-[next]

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Day 99 – Afternoon

We have returned from an expedition with the entire group. The Captain had discovered a mysterious temple deep within the jungle to the southwest, which certainly captured Aya's attention when he mentioned it. We haven't done much exploring in some time, so collectively, we decided to head into the jungle with the Captain so he could lead us to the temple he found.

Most of the journey was by boat. I will be honest – I still find that being out on the open ocean gives me terrible anxiety. Though I have gotten much better about such a thing over time, the trauma of drowning some time ago still lingers in the back of my mind. Fortunately, the trip to the jungle and back went without a hitch, and we never capsized.

The jungle wasn't as dense as I had expected it to be. At least, not within the area that the Captain had set up home. He picked a clearing around the base of a tall stone pyramid to build a permanent house, so he could investigate the large temple at the top without having to travel far.

I find it fascinating to see such an ancient structure within this world. Perhaps it truly isn't as young of a world as I initially assumed it to be. This only sparks my intrigue, however. I wonder if I can find more information about the history of this place at some point.

We visited for a few nights at the newly-built house. Both the Captain and J. decided to stay behind once we were prepared to leave, so we said our goodbyes before setting off.

On our return journey, we came across what looked to be a witch's hut within the swamp that we had to cross through. I was initially extremely wary about approaching it, as witches have a tendency to be rather violent towards Players... but the building was seemingly abandoned.

Pion and I came to the conclusion that the Captain may have already encountered the witch that lived there previously, as he was the first to explore that region. Given that there was no witch in sight, we assumed that the Captain was quick to do away with it so that it was no longer a threat.

Upon closer inspection, we realized that the hut wasn't completely abandoned. The witch's black cat had been left behind with no one to take care of it. The poor creature couldn't wander very far outside either, as the hut was suspended above the murky water and placed some distance from land.

I could not leave the cat all alone. The fact that it lost its owner truly bothered me more than I care to admit. So I fed it some fish in order to earn its trust, and it quickly warmed up to me enough so I could carry it into the boat and bring it back home.

It is only a tiny thing, likely still just a kitten. But it does appear to enjoy my company and is currently getting used to its new surroundings within the house. I set up a bed for it beside mine. Now it has somewhere cozy to rest whenever it wishes.

I believe it is a male, so I have decided to name him Aakil. It's reassuring to have a feline companion once again. I truly missed my cat that I had back home.

Oh, I hope she is okay without me there. She is a rather independent girl, so I can only pray that she manages to get by just fine in my absence.

Though I do not miss the other cat; that nuisance of a beast that Aya gave the most ridiculous name. He was such a little terror – deliberately stalking me and purposely making my life more difficult in the pettiest of ways.

I have said it before and I will say it again: Eggs Benedict was a demon and he will forever remain a demon in my mind. I am rather glad that I do not have to deal with the likes of him anymore.

Ah, apologies for getting carried away in my ramblings about cats. I must say that I am rather fortunate to have made a new friend within this world. The extra source of comfort is much needed, and I hope that Aakil also finds comfort in my presence, as well.

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A bit of a rambling entry this time around. Though some of you on here already know, the "demon" cat that Khalan mentions, Eggs Benedict, is a bit of a joke character of sorts that I had brought into the SMP when we were still playing on the Drehmal adventure map. Some sketches of the little nuisance can be found here, in case some readers on here are unfamiliar with the character.

Overall though, Khalan grew up around cats his whole life, so they're definitely his favorite animal in general. As a result, a lot of cats tend to come to him without much coaxing, because his quiet nature and understanding of their boundaries and body language makes him very approachable. He definitely wouldn't have it any other way, though. It always brings him a lot of comfort and happiness whenever he gets to interact with them (unless it's Eggs Benedict lol).

[pekoeboo]

Khalan's Journal (Entry #18)

Rating: T also on AO3 [prev]-[start]-[next]

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Day 94 – Evening

It appears as though two of our other friends have been brought to this world as well! However... I initially did not recognize either of the men when Pion brought them over for a visit.

Something is different about them. They are not the same people that I remember meeting back in Drehmal. Pion assured Aya and I that these people really are the Captain and J. – but apparently they have taken on some different forms due to odd happenings in the time stream when we all made the jump into this new world.

Even though it was a bit difficult to fully wrap my mind around the strange terminology that Pion used in his explanation, it still brought me some relief to know that both the Captain and J. are safe in this world as well.

The Captain in particular I feel has changed the most. He used to be a proud knight, but now he has a terribly feral appearance. I believe he said that he had woken up in the middle of a jungle and has had to adapt to his surroundings rather quickly.

Despite the slight shock that came with these changes, Aya was eager to share the progress of our house and the surrounding land with the visitors. We've put much work into the area, and she has every right to feel proud of this accomplishment.

I do not imagine the men will stay long, as all three have projects that they are working on elsewhere. Even still, it is pleasant to have everyone back together for a time, even though things feel much different than before. I certainly appreciate having them here.

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The Captain and J. are characters that belong to my friend's brothers, but it was a bit difficult to figure out how to incorporate them into this story - since they're more like basic in-game avatars for the guys instead of fully fleshed out characters.

However, I still felt it was important to mention them, as they do get involved sometimes with the story side of things.

[pekoeboo]

Khalan's Journal (Entry #13)

Rating: T also on AO3 [prev]-[start]-[next]

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Day 48 – Afternoon

After traveling for what felt like eons, we finally came across the snowy forest in which Pion had settled into. His cozy log cabin is located right along a frozen lake. Though incomplete, the cabin is coming along nicely. I'm always impressed at just how fast he works. It looks wonderful so far.

We took some time to catch up and decide on what our next plan of action is. Unfortunately, it seems as though there is no way to return to Drehmal... not unless the Higher Beings decide on a whim to send us back.

But since we cannot rely on such a serendipitous occurrence, we will have to make do with the lot we've been given.

Aya does not appear to want to stay in this frozen forest. Though it is comforting to be reunited with Pion again, I also share her sentiment. That exotic, old house on the peninsula continues to call to me, and so does its surrounding locale.

Pion has something to show us. I am interested to find out what it is.

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Later – Mid-Afternoon

He has located a Waystone! Those magic-infused obelisks were incredibly helpful to have in Drehmal, and I'm surprised to see them here, as well! Perhaps we will be able to find another one near the house that Aya and I wish to return to. If so, then we could easily travel to and from each location in mere seconds!

This is incredibly encouraging. I feel much better in knowing that, should we find another Waystone, we can always return to Pion at any moment to check on him.

He seems very content with the location he has picked to build. I wouldn't want him to feel obligated to leave this spot just because Aya and I are intending on returning to the old house... especially considering how much work Pion has put into building such a lovely cabin.

We will likely begin our journey back in a few days. I am exhausted from the traveling, and I am certain that Aya is even more so.

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"Waystones" are from a specific mod that my friends and I use within our SMP that allow us to fast-travel/teleport from one location to another. The mod has become a bit of a mainstay by this point, as it's really convenient to have - both in-game, and within the context of the story.

[pekoeboo]

Khalan's Journal (Entry #33)

Rating: T also on AO3 [prev]-[start]-[next]

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Day 160 – Late Afternoon

We finally figured out what Pion has been up to recently.

He has been rather elusive for some time, only showing up periodically to help us out with restoration and building projects. But there have been a few times where I've teleported over to the Waystone near his cabin to drop off or pick up various materials, only to discover that Pion was nowhere to be seen.

Well, we now have our answer. It seems he was off building a large factory of sorts within the caldera of a volcano he discovered some distance away. Only today he revealed this to me and Aya, as most of the building is now complete and safe for visitors, and he wanted to show us around.

So that's where we have been for most of the morning. The build is massive and imposing, but well suited for Pion's technologically-advanced equipment and eventual smeltery. He told us that we're welcome to use the smeltery whenever we need to once it's properly installed. I'm very much looking forward to that. It is extremely tedious to work with the precious metals we have at the moment, and using proper machinery will make the process ten times easier.

One other major development has been made. From what I can gather, Pion has managed to tap into many more of his Player abilities in the time that he's been busy. Construction for this factory was handled entirely by him, as he was able to utilize the Player's power of creation to his advantage.

I personally have no desire to unlock such power within myself. It would be far too overwhelming, and I don't like the idea of gaining that much control over the world itself, either.

For Pion, though? I believe he knows how to utilize those gifts well. It's rather fitting for him, if I do say so myself.

He's planning on returning home with us for a time so he can collect some samples from the Moonlight Valley mushroom. We relayed the situation to him to see if he had any insight on what was happening in the forest, but he seemed to be just as clueless as we are, so more investigation is required.

I do not know how he's going to extract information from any samples we collect. He has many strange machines that help him in that regard, but all of it is still rather foreign to me. Basic computers, he calls them.

But I suppose if it works, then that's all that matters. I would love to get to the bottom of whatever is going on in that forest. It is simply too odd to ignore.

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[pekoeboo]

Khalan's Journal (Entry #11)

Rating: T also on AO3 [prev]-[start]-[next]

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Day 37 – Early Afternoon

Never in my life have I experienced such good fortune as what had happened these past few days.

Aya is here! She was transported to this strange new world, just as I was!!

Ah, sorry! Forgive my excitement. I feel I must explain. From what I was told, both Aya and Pion had met up some time ago after waking in this world. It was a similar situation as what I had found myself in – no warning was given, they just appeared here as if spirited away by some divine being.

Poor Aya was distraught upon initially being left alone. I can barely stand to think about how terrified she must have been. But she located Pion at some point, and the two of them had deduced that I was likely somewhere within the world as well. Aya had said that Pion was working on building a place to stay, so she had wandered off alone in search of me.

The fortunate thing is that her alien physiology allows her to sense beings around her location (living or undead). She has told me before that each person has a specific "frequency" of sorts that she can recognize, and since she knows how to identify my aura from some distance away, she was able to locate me at some point within her travels.

I cannot commend her enough for her bravery. And truthfully, if she had not done that and hadn't stumbled across my shelter when she did, I likely would have succumbed to hunger by now. She helped me regain my strength enough so we could set off on an expedition together.

Ah yes, we get to travel together again – just like we did before.

Truthfully, I couldn't help but break down in a flood of tears upon seeing her again. I have no idea how long that initial embrace lasted, but I never wanted to let go... and I have a feeling that she felt the same way too.

For the first time upon setting foot in this unknown land, my spirit finally feels at peace. I am so relieved to know that both Aya and Pion are okay, and I only hope that if any of the others had followed along as well, that they are also safe.

Speaking of Pion, however, Aya and I are planning on venturing back to where he is so we can let him know that we're alright.

But... I cannot help but be a little bit wary of whether or not we will be able to locate him. Although she means well, Aya does tend to have difficulty with her sense of direction. Hopefully she has left behind a series of markers in order to keep us on the right track.

She brought with her some food and a few basic tools for the journey. It should be enough, as long as we ration out what we have and make sure we don't overwork our tools to the point of breaking.

I'm certain we'll be fine, though. Together, we've conquered many perilous situations within our time in Drehmal, and I am determined that we're capable of taking on this new world as well.

From now on, we will stay together. I refuse to lose her again.

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[pekoeboo]

made a brand new Minecraft skin for my boi Khalan!! I based the design off of his newer outfit (seen here), and I'm really happy with how it turned out! :'D my friend Pion Steam helped out a lot with the shoes and satchels tho, since I got a bit stumped in that regard, so I'm very grateful for his help ;w;

I know it's not really the type of "art" I normally post, but I still wanted to share it with y'all!

please do not remove caption or repost. also on deviantart