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Erythroblastosis Fetalis KEY POINT: Rh antigen cannot cross the placental barrier, whereas Rh antibody can cross it. Learn about Causes , Complications and Treatment of ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS. • • • • • Follow @medico.hub #erythroblastosisfetalis #rhfactor #rhincompatibility #mbbsstudent #physiology #physiologynotes #physiolab #physiology_lab #medical #medicalstudents #medicalstudent #homoeopathynotes #homoeopath_student #bamsnotes #medicalnotes #medicalstudies #medicalstudy #medicaltalks #anatomyandphysiology #medicalknowledge #medicalquestions #medicalquiz #medicos #medico #medicaltalks #medicalworld #medicalentrance #medicalinformation #humanphysiology #clinicalphysiology (at Mumbai) https://www.instagram.com/p/CD26eZ_MB63/?igshid=14awsyhieinh0
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Passive Transport Intro · ‘Passive transport, also known as passive diffusion, is a process by which an ion or molecule passes through a cell wall via a concentration gradient, or from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It’s like moving from the train to the platform of a subway station or stepping out of a crowded room. Basically, passive transport gives an ion or molecule “room to breathe.”’ - https://biologydictionary.net/passive-transport/ · There are different types of diffusion for passive transport: o Simple diffusion o Facilitated diffusion o Filtration Simple diffusion · ‘Simple diffusion is the process by which solutes are moved along a concentration gradient in a solution or across a semipermeable membrane. Simple diffusion is carried out by the actions of hydrogen bonds forming between water molecules and solutes’. · Lipid soluble, non-polar and small substances are diffused through the bilayer by simple diffusion. Facilitated diffusion · ‘Facilitated diffusion is a form of facilitated transport .... Reference · https://biologydictionary.net/passive-transport/ · https://biologydictionary.net/simple-diffusion/#:~:text=Simple%20diffusion%20is%20the%20process,between%20water%20molecules%20and%20solutes. · https://biologydictionary.net/facilitated-diffusion/ · https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/passive-transport/ . . . #discoverphysiotherapy #physioterapist #physiology_lab #physiologyfirst #physiology #physiology_notes #exercisephysiology #anatomyphysiology #sportphysiology #pathophysiology #animalphysiology #humananatomyandphysiology #clinicalphysiology #medicalphysiology #physiolab #physiotherapist #physiotherapists #physiotherapystudents #physio #physiologie #education #educationmatters #educating #educationfirst #educationpositive #tuesday #tuesdayvibes #physiotherapeut https://www.instagram.com/p/CDvQR7InkM2/?igshid=1io4dw3zno881
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What Is Skinny Fat? The Signs And Dangers Of Being Thin Fat
The term “skinny fat” gets thrown around a lot these days, but it sounds a little backwards and confusing…right? And let’s face it: The term itself is loaded, contradictory, and shame-y. But metabolism and weight-management experts admit that it does describe a very real health issue. People who might be described as “skinny fat” are often at risk of developing the same health issues as if they were medically grouped in the overweight or obese categories — they just don’t necessarily look like it from the outside. (Friendly reminder: You can’t tell what’s going on with someone’s health — physical or mental — just by looking at them.) Here’s what you need to know about the whole skinny-fat concept.
What does the term “skinny fat” even mean?
“Skinny fat” (or “thin fat,” as some people refer to it) isn’t a medical term. It’s a colloquial phrase usually used to describe people who appear to be thin but are actually carrying more fat than is healthful for their body type. So, while their body mass index (BMI) — which is based on height and weight only and does not isolate body fat percentage — may be in the healthy range, their percentage of body fat is higher than what has been deemed healthy for their body. READ MORE: Can You Really Target Fat Loss To A Specific Area Or Is That Total B.S.?
Wait, so do experts generally think skinny fat is a real thing?
Many do. “There are quite a few people that may appear to be lean visibly but, when you actually do an exam on them, carry quite a bit of fat,” says Dr Fatima Cody Stanford, an obesity medicine physician at Massachusetts General Hospital. “Normal body fat is between 21 percent and 33 percent for women,” adds Dr Vijaya Surampudi, an assistant professor of medicine in the division of human nutrition at UCLA Health. “If someone has a higher percent body fat of 36, 38, or even higher, that is concerning.” Unfortunately, body fat percentage is taken into account far less than BMI. BMI isn’t a great measure of your overall health — despite the fact that you probably still hear about it at your doctor’s office. Because BMI only factors in your height and weight and doesn’t break down your weight according to what is bone, or fat, or muscle mass, it doesn’t give an accurate picture, says Dr Avigdor Arad, director of Mount Sinai’s PhysioLab and an endocrinologist at Mount Sinai St. Luke’s. So, you can be in a healthy BMI group but be metabolically obese, and you can be in the obese group but actually be healthy metabolically. Confusing, yes. READ MORE: Your Weight Loss Struggles Might Be Genetic, According To Experts
What are the potential health complications associated with having a high body fat percentage, regardless of your body type?
Having a body fat percentage that exceeds what is deemed healthy for your body type “is associated with a high risk of disease,” says Dr Arad. But it’s not exactly having any fat that’s the issue. Experts believe that visceral fat (which deposits deep in the body around your organs, and commonly in the midsection) is particularly worrisome because it’s been connected to a slew of health problems, as Harvard Health reports. The other kind, subcutaneous fat, which sits just below the surface of the skin and you can pinch on your body with your fingers, isn’t thought to have the same health implications as visceral fat. (This might be due to how visceral fat causes an inflammatory response in the body in a way that subcutaneous fat does not.) To that point: One study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine found that normal-weight people who carried excess weight around their midsections had the highest risk of dying early, even when compared to people who had overweight or obese BMIs. People who have higher amounts of belly fat and visceral fat in general may be at a higher risk of developing insulin resistance, which can cause high blood sugar to develop, Dr Stanford explains. Having excess body fat regardless of your body type may also up your risk of developing other serious health issues like type 2 diabetes, cancer, liver disease, heart disease, and a decline in brain health, Dr Arad adds.
How can I gauge whether my body fat percentage is in a healthy range or not?
There are a few tip-offs that you might be carrying excess body fat that could be impacting your health — even if you are considered a normal weight at the doctor. These are just very general guidelines, though, to help get you thinking about your lifestyle habits that could be contributing to fat gain in particular. You don’t exercise much. Take an honest look at your exercise routine: Are you striving for 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week? Are you exercising at all? People are more likely to be skinny fat when they skimp on exercise, says Dr Stanford, who assesses a person’s muscle mass, too. Your diet isn’t nutritious. While you’re thinking of your exercise habits, mull over what you tend to eat on the regular. “If you don’t exercise much and don’t have a great diet, you’re at risk, even if you appear lean,” Dr Surampudi says. Your waist circumference is high. You can also measure your waist circumference, Dr Stanford says. If it’s greater than or equal to 35 inches, there’s a chance you have excess fat, as visceral fat tends to deposit in the midsection. You’ve been relying on your BMI to tell you that you’re healthy. Keep in mind that your BMI won’t help with determining whether or not you have excess fat regardless of your body type. “BMI just takes into account height and weight — it doesn’t tell me about fat,” Dr Stanford reminds. You’ll need a workup from your doc that can measure your body fat percentage to really confirm whether you could be metabolically at risk of the health issues mentioned that may be associated with having a high percentage of fat. And only a doctor you know and trust can really help put your health markers and body fat percentage into context for you. Not every person develops the same health risks or sees the same health improvements when they gain or lose fat — and that’s important to keep in mind. So talk to your doc! READ MORE: Here’s Why It’s Important To Lose That Belly Fat
If I’m unsure whether my body fat percentage is in a healthy range or not, what do I do?
If you do want more info about your body fat percentage, your doctor may be able to run a few tests to see what your body fat percentage is, and they’ll help you go from there. A bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can help, Dr Surampudi says; it uses a weak electric current to calculate the resistance in your body (and your fat storage). Underwater weighing, where the amount of water you displace is calculated to determine your body fat percentage, is also a good method, Dr Surampudi says.
How can I improve my health if I want to reduce my body fat percentage?
Please know: You’re *not* automatically doomed to develop scary diseases down the road just because of your body fat percentage. But Dr Arad says it’s a good idea to make some changes now to lower your potential risks for the future. Sure, most of these are pretty common-sense methods to live a little healthier, but it doesn’t hurt to hear them again. Eat plenty of fruits and veggies. Plant-based diets are proven to help people not only improve their overall health, but also maintain a healthy weight, Dr Stanford says. Opt for lean proteins. If you eat fatty meats most of the time as your source of protein, consider swapping out steak and burgers for leaner varieties like chicken and fish. If fatty meats are a staple for you, this dietary adjustment may help reduce your body fat, Dr Stanford says. Don’t forget whole grains. Reminder: Carbs aren’t bad or off-limits, but refined carbs like white bread and regular pasta are more likely to contribute to body fat gain than complex carbs like brown rice and corn, Dr Stanford notes. Fuel up with whole grains more often than simple, refined carbs. Move more. If you don’t work out now, it’s a great time to start. That doesn’t necessarily mean you have to go HAM in the gym if that’s not your style, but regular exercise (e.g., 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week), will go a long way toward reducing body fat, Dr Surampudi says. While you’re at it, try resistance training. Lifting weights or doing body-weight exercises is a great way to build up your muscle mass — and that can lower your body fat percentage, Dr Surampudi says. The more muscle mass you have, the more energy you expend (and fat you burn) even at rest. Get plenty of sleep. When you don’t get enough sleep, you’re more likely to snack on crummier foods and may not have enough energy to work out, Dr Surampudi points out. Try to reduce your stress levels. “Stress levels can contribute to excess weight storage,” Dr Surampudi says. While you can only do so much about your daily stress, try adding routine de-stressing techniques throughout your day, like using a meditation app or trying a few yoga poses when you wake up. If you’re concerned about your body fat percentage, talk to your doctor. They should be able to do diagnostic work and offer up personalised guidance regarding whether your health might benefit from losing body fat, plus how to actually do that in a safe and sustainable way that makes sense for you. This article was originally published on www.womenshealthmag.com READ MORE ON: Health Health Advice Weight Loss !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=;t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e);s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');fbq('init','2162521310492989');fbq('track','PageView'); Source link Read the full article
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"الصوم المتقطع" النظام الغذائي يمكن أن يعزز صحتك
آخر أخبار النظام الغذائي وإدارة الوزن
من دينيس طومسون مراسل HealthDay
الخميس ، 26 كانون الأول (ديسمبر) 2019 (أخبار HealthDay) – هنا يأتي العام الجديد ، ومعه جحافل من الناس يبحثون عن طرق لتحقيق قرارات لتناول الطعام الصحي.
الصيام المتقطع هو خيار مشروع قد يحتاجون إلى التفكير فيه ، ويدعي مراجعة جديدة في عدد 26 ديسمبر من نيو انغلاند جورنال اوف ميديسين.
وقال مؤلف بارز ، مارك ماتسون ، عالِم الأعصاب مع "لقد تطورت حالة العلم في الصيام المتقطع إلى درجة أنه أصبح من الممكن الآن اعتباره طريقة واحدة ، مع ممارسة الرياضة والغذاء الصحي ، لتحسين الصحة والحفاظ عليها كنهج حياة". جونز هوبكنز الطب في بالتيمور.
قال ماتسون: هناك طريقتان رئيسيتان لتبني الصيام المتقطع في حياتك:
تمنحك التغذية اليومية المقيدة الوقت نافذة ضيقة يمكنك خلالها تناول الطعام ، عادة ما تكون من 6 إلى 8 ساعات كل يوم.
5: 2 يتطلب الصيام المتقطع أن يتناول الأشخاص وجبة متوسطة الحجم واحدة فقط كل يومين.
وأوضح ماتسون أنه عندما يصوم الناس ، فإنهم يحترقون ببطء عبر الجلوكوز المخزن في الكبد. يحمل الكبد حوالي 700 سعرة حرارية من الجلوكوز.
وقال ماتسون "يستغرق الأمر ما بين 10 إلى 12 ساعة لاستخدام متاجر الطاقة في الكبد". "ثم ما يحدث هو ، يتم استخدام الدهون للطاقة."
وقال ماتسون إن هذه العملية تسمى "التبديل الأيضي" ، وأن نمط الأكل ثلاث وجبات في اليوم الذي يفضله الأمريكيون لا يسمح لأجسادهم بالمرور عبر متاجر الطاقة في كبدهم والتحول إلى حرق الدهون.
في الورقة الجديدة ، لخص ماتسون وزملاؤه الأدلة العلمية الحالية. تشير الدراسات إلى أن الصيام المتقطع يمكن أن:
وقالت هانا كيتريل ، أخصائية تغذية مسجلة ومديرة لجامعة ماونت سيناي فيزيولاب في مدينة نيويورك ، وهي عيادة فسيولوجيا التغذية والتمارين: "إذا كنت تفكر في الصيام المتقطع كحمية بدائية ، فأعتقد أنه في الحقيقة خيار شرعي".
وقال كيتريل الذي لم يكن جزءًا من الدراسة: "السبب في ذلك هو عدم الاستغناء التام عن أي مجموعات غذائية". "هذا لا يعني أنك لا تأكل الكربوهيدرات ، لا تأكل الدهون. إنها مجرد تحوير عندما تأكل الطعام."
وقالت كيتريل إن مختبرها يقيم الوجبات الغذائية المختلفة من خلال النظر في الأساس التطوري والتاريخي والبيولوجي لها ، ويخضع الصيام المتقطع للاختبارات الثلاثة.
وقالت "هناك أساس تطوري بمعنى أن جامعي الصياد اتبعوا بشكل أساسي حمية صيام متقطعة لأن الطعام كان شحيحًا. لن يعرفوا بالضرورة في المرة القادمة التي يتناولونها".
وقال كيتريل إن التبديل الأيضي الذي وصفه ماتسون يعكس الأساس البيولوجي للصيام المتقطع ، والتاريخ مليء بأمثلة للبشر المنخرطين في الصيام.
وقال كيتريل: "لقد استخدم كثيرًا لأسباب طبية ودينية". "رمضان مثال رائع للصيام المتقطع الطويل".
في الورقة ، يعرض Mattson بضعة عينات من الوصفات لدمج الصيام في حياتك اليومية.
يمكن للأشخاص الذين يرغبون في تجربة التغذية المقيدة زمنياً قصر فترة التغذية لمدة 10 ساعات خمسة أيام في الأسبوع للشهر الأول ، ثم خفض المدة إلى 8 ساعات ثم 6 ساعات في الأشهر التالية. وقال الباحثون إن الهدف سيكون تحقيق فترة تغذية لمدة 6 ساعات سبعة أيام في الأسبوع.
أو يمكن أن يبدأ الناس بالصيام يومًا واحدًا في الأسبوع ، مع وجبة واحدة في ذلك اليوم من 1000 سعرة حرارية ، وتمديدها إلى يومين في الأسبوع بحلول الشهر الثاني. وسيكون الهدف هو وجبة واحدة من 500 سعرة حرارية لمدة يومين كل أسبوع.
يح��ر Mattson و Kittrell من أنك قد تكون غير مرتاح لأن جسمك يتكيف مع نمط الأكل الجديد.
وقال ماتسون: "هذا يشبه إلى حد بعيد برامج التمرين حيث يكون الشخص المستقرة ، يستغرق شهرًا أو شهرين ليتشكل في حين تتكيف أنظمتهم العضوية مع التمرين".
قال ماتسون وكيتريل إن الأمر قد يستغرق ما بين بضعة أسابيع وشهرين حتى يرتاح شخص ما للصيام المتقطع.
وقال ماتسون: "إذا كان شخص ما يتناول وجبة الإفطار وغداً لا يتناول وجبة الإفطار ، فسوف يكون جائعًا وسريعًا كما يحدث في وقت الغداء". "سيذهب هذا بعد أسبوعين إلى شهر ، إذا التزموا بذلك. هذا جانب عملي مهم للغاية."
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لا تتوقع نتائج فورية ، إما – قد يستغرق الأمر بضعة أسابيع قبل أن يتكيف جسمك مع النقطة التي ستبدأ في إسقاط الجنيهات وتعاني من مؤشرات صحية محسنة ، كما يقول ماتسون.
وأضاف كيتريل أن على المشاركين أيضًا أن يضعوا في اعتبارهم أن الصيام لا يمنحهم ترخيصًا مجانيًا لتناول ما يريدون.
وقال كيتريل "من الواضح أنك لا تزال ترغب في اتباع نظام غذائي صحي." "ليس الأمر كما لو أنه يمكنك تناول الوجبات السريعة فقط ، ولكن لأنك تقوم بالصيام المتقطع ، فأنت بصحة جيدة."
على الرغم من أن كيتريل تعتبر أن الصوم المتقطع خيار غذائي معقول ، إلا أنها قالت إنه لا يزال هناك الكثير لتتعلمه.
على سبيل المثال ، تشير الدراسات إلى أن بعض الناس يستجيبون للصيام بشكل أفضل من الآخرين ، على الرغم من أسباب عدم فهمهم بعد.
وقال كيتريل: "أعتقد أن هذا يبشر بالخير ، لكن لا يزال هناك الكثير من العمل الذي يتعين القيام به قبل أن تقول إن الصيام المتقطع آمن بنسبة 100٪ وفعالة ليتبعه الجميع".
وقال ماتسون ، الذي ظل صائماً لمدة عشرين عاماً بنفسه ، إن هناك أنواعًا معينة من الناس لا يوصى بهذه الممارسة – الأطفال ��المسنين والأشخاص الذين لديهم بالفعل انخفاض في وزن الجسم.
وهو يتفق مع كيتريل على أنه يلزم إجراء المزيد من البحوث فيما يتعلق بالإمكانات الصحية للصيام.
وقال ماتسون إن هناك حجة قوية تدعو إلى أن الصيام المتقطع قد يحسن علاج السرطان.
وقال ماتسون "اتضح أن الخلايا السرطانية عادة ما تستخدم الجلوكوز فقط كمصدر للغذاء. لا يمكنها استخدام الدهون". "إذا أصبتهم بالأدوية أو العلاج الإشعاعي الكيميائي عندما يصوم الشخص ، فسيتم قتل خلايا السرطان لديهم بسهولة أكبر."
وأشار ماتسون إلى أن هناك عدة تجارب جارية لمعرفة ما إذا كان الصيام قد يساعد في علاج السرطان.
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المصادر: مارك ماتسون ، دكتوراه ، عالم أعصاب ، كلية طب جونز هوبكنز ، بالتيمور ؛ هانا كيتريل ، M.S. ، R.D ، C.D.N. ، اختصاصي تغذية مسجلة ومديرة ، جبل سيناء PhysioLab ، مدينة نيويورك ؛ 26 ديسمبر 2019 ، نيو انغلاند جورنال اوف ميديسين
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Here's Why You Should Actually Be Eating More Calories For a Faster Metabolism When it comes to losing weight a lot of weight-loss programs and diets require eating in a calorie deficit. While experts and research support this its important that you dont cut your calories too much as that can be extremely detrimental to your ability to lose weight. To find out if low-calorie diets are doing more harm than good and messing with your metabolism POPSUGAR spoke to Avigdor Arad PhD RDN CDE director of the Mount Sinai PhysioLab. What Is Metabolism? Metabolism is an extremely complex process that relates to how your body processes energy from fat protein and sugar/carbohydrates and how it stores that energy. Usually when people talk about their metabolism they actually mean their metabolic rate which is the amount of energy more commonly referred to as calories you burn in a day. There are a lot of things that can affect your metabolism such as your age your hormones and your diet. Related: Lose Weight and Boost Your Metabolism by Eating More Protein Heres What You Need to Know Why Low-Calorie Diets Slow Down Your Metabolism When you eat a very low-calorie diet 500 or 800 calories a day it certainly signals [to] your body that theres some food shortage/nutrient deprivation Dr. Arad told POPSUGAR. The only way your body can handle it is by conserving energy. Your body is going to slow down your metabolism for a lack of better terms he continued. As your body goes into conservation mode youll be burning fewer calories. Its very difficult to maintain a low-calorie diet and also its very difficult to take in a sufficient amount of nutrients to keep you healthy he said. In the long run what those diets show is that its not very sustainable and it can affect peoples mood and function and its just not worth it. Low-calorie diets can slow down your metabolism and ultimately The bang for your buck is not very big said Dr. Arad. Related: Want to Know If You Have a Slow Metabolism? The Signs to Look For According to an Expert How Many Calories You Should Eat Per Day Although extremely low-calorie diets arent doing your body any good according to Dr. Arad calorie-restriction such as intermittent fasting when done wisely and not too low could be extremely helpful. This is because in his opinion people are eating more than what their body needs and that excess energy has the potential to be stored as fat. More importantly Dr. Arad said to place emphasis on the quality along with the quantity of the calories you ingest. Like most things in fitness its impossible to provide an exact amount of calories you need to consume in a day to function at your best. This is because we all have different resting metabolic rates (RMR) the minimum number of calories you need in a day for essential bodily functions like breathing and to keep your brain functioning. The most accurate way to determine your resting metabolic rate is to get a specialized RMR test done at clinics such as Fitnescity ($250 but prices may vary). Another way to determine your RMR is by using this formula but the results will be less accurate. On average the USDA recommends that adult women consume between 1600 and 2400 calories a day and adult males consume between 2000 and 3000 calories a day. These numbers will vary depending on your goals and lifestyle and if youd like to find out the optimal amount of calories you need in a day we advise consulting your doctor a registered dietitian or a certified nutrition coach.
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New Post has been published on https://fitnesshealthyoga.com/how-do-you-start-to-eat-healthy/
How Do You Start to Eat Healthy?
What you eat and exercise are two important factors when it comes to weight loss. While they aren’t the only things that will affect how you lose weight — your brain, sleep, stress, and hormones are other variables — making changes in these two areas is a good place to start.
An Expert Says to Follow These 2 Simple Diet Tips If You Want to Get Healthy and Lose Weight While exercise like strength training can help you lose weight, you’ve also got to change your diet. Instead of going from unhealthy eating habits to a highly restrictive diet, such as the ketogenic diet, Avigdor Arad, PhD, RDN, CDE, director of the Mount Sinai PhysioLab, shared two simple tips to improve your nutrition and help you lose weight.
Eat More Unprocessed Foods to Lose Weight
“What is certainly true is that the most important factor in a healthy diet is what you eat,” Dr. Arad told POPSUGAR. “Meaning the quality of the food that you eat and how much,” he continued. If you’re ready to change what you eat, Dr. Arad said to start with these two steps: instead of eating processed, fatty foods, the first step he recommended is eating unprocessed, clean, sustainable food without added salt, sugar, fat, unhealthy preservatives, chemicals, “or other substances that the food industry is using to make food more palatable, more tasty, and last longer.”
Pay Attention to How Much Food You Consume
The second thing Dr. Arad suggested is to focus on the amount of food you’re consuming. Because everyone has different needs and goals and will react differently to carbohydrates, protein, and fats, your caloric intake will vary. The Dietary Guidelines For Americans recommend adult women consume 1,600 to 2,400 calories a day and adult men consume 2,000 to 3,000 calories a day.
These steps are simple enough to start tomorrow. If you don’t think you’ll enjoy counting calories, you can use this simple portion control chart. If you’re looking for more specifics in order to lose weight and improve your health, Dr. Arad advised meeting with a registered dietitian who has the knowledge and experience to guide you through the process and help you reach your goals.
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Great to see the ladies from Physiolab at the Elite Sports Performance Expo in London today! Busy stand with lots of interest in the innovative products.
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Global Compression Therapy Machine Market Growth Report 2019 with Top Companies- Huntleigh Diagnostics, Arjo, Physiolab, Btl, Biotec Italia and more… | ABNewswire
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An Expert Answers If the Keto Diet Will Help You Lose Weight, and His Response Shocked Us
An Expert Answers If the Keto Diet Will Help You Lose Weight, and His Response Shocked Us
The high-fat, low-carb ketogenic diet was arguably the most popular diet in 2018. Originally used to help manage seizures in children and type 2 diabetes, most recently, people have been following the keto diet to lose weight. Because of its unceasing reign in the world of dieting, POPSUGAR spoke with Avigdor Arad, PhD, RDN, CDE, director of the Mount Sinai PhysioLab, to find out if the keto…
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Eukaryotic Organelles Intro Eukaryotic cells contain: · Nucleus: it’s the control centre of the cell and contains gene/chromosomes · Ribosomes: where proteins are made · Endoplasmic reticulum: o Rough: it attaches sugar groups to proteins, also bounding vesicles for the transport to the Golgi apparatus o Smooth: it’s the site of lipid and steroid syntheses. Also, drug detoxification · Golgi apparatus: it modifies and packages proteins and lipids. It also puts them into vesicles for transport and makes lysosomes. · Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes called lysosomal enzymes or lysozymes to breakdown biological tissues (e.g. hydrolyses pathogens and damaged cell organelles) · Mitochondria: it’s the site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is provided. Nucleus Structure: surrounded by a nuclear envelope. It contains fluid nucleoplasm, nucleoli, and chromatin. Function: controls the cell’s activity by transmitting genetic information and providing instruction for protein synthesis. Ribosomes Structure: it is a dense particle consisting of two subunits, ribosomal RNA and protein. Ribosomes are free or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum. Function: where protein synthesis occurs. Endoplasmic reticulum Rough Structure: Sacs and tubules making a membrane system. Covered in ribosomes. Function: Makes ..... Reference · Marieb & Hoehn. Human Anatomy and Physiology. 10th ed. Chapter 3 · Marieb, E., Wilhelm, P. and Mallatt, J., 2017. Human Anatomy. 8th ed. London: Pearson Education Limited, p.61. . . . #discoverphysiotherapy #physiotherapists #physiolab #physiotherapystudents #physioworld #physiotutors #physiologyfirst #physiology_lab #physiology #humanphysiology #cell #cells #nucleus #pt #ptstudent #eukaryote #human #humanphysiology #biology #biologynotes #biology🔬 #biologystudent #cellbiology #humanbiology . @physiologyofstudying @_physiology_facts_ @physiology.anatomy @anatomy.physiology.nursing @physiology @thephysiologyofeverything @nucleushealth @physiology.s https://www.instagram.com/p/CCnkqE8H5zT/?igshid=1fies2gsqeviz
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What Is Skinny Fat? The Signs And Dangers Of Being Thin Fat
The term “skinny fat” gets thrown around a lot these days, but it sounds a little backwards and confusing…right? And let’s face it: The term itself is loaded, contradictory, and shame-y. But metabolism and weight-management experts admit that it does describe a very real health issue. People who might be described as “skinny fat” are often at risk of developing the same health issues as if they were medically grouped in the overweight or obese categories — they just don’t necessarily look like it from the outside. (Friendly reminder: You can’t tell what’s going on with someone’s health — physical or mental — just by looking at them.) Here’s what you need to know about the whole skinny-fat concept.
What does the term “skinny fat” even mean?
“Skinny fat” (or “thin fat,” as some people refer to it) isn’t a medical term. It’s a colloquial phrase usually used to describe people who appear to be thin but are actually carrying more fat than is healthful for their body type. So, while their body mass index (BMI) — which is based on height and weight only and does not isolate body fat percentage — may be in the healthy range, their percentage of body fat is higher than what has been deemed healthy for their body. READ MORE: Can You Really Target Fat Loss To A Specific Area Or Is That Total B.S.?
Wait, so do experts generally think skinny fat is a real thing?
Many do. “There are quite a few people that may appear to be lean visibly but, when you actually do an exam on them, carry quite a bit of fat,” says Dr Fatima Cody Stanford, an obesity medicine physician at Massachusetts General Hospital. “Normal body fat is between 21 percent and 33 percent for women,” adds Dr Vijaya Surampudi, an assistant professor of medicine in the division of human nutrition at UCLA Health. “If someone has a higher percent body fat of 36, 38, or even higher, that is concerning.” Unfortunately, body fat percentage is taken into account far less than BMI. BMI isn’t a great measure of your overall health — despite the fact that you probably still hear about it at your doctor’s office. Because BMI only factors in your height and weight and doesn’t break down your weight according to what is bone, or fat, or muscle mass, it doesn’t give an accurate picture, says Dr Avigdor Arad, director of Mount Sinai’s PhysioLab and an endocrinologist at Mount Sinai St. Luke’s. So, you can be in a healthy BMI group but be metabolically obese, and you can be in the obese group but actually be healthy metabolically. Confusing, yes. READ MORE: Your Weight Loss Struggles Might Be Genetic, According To Experts
What are the potential health complications associated with having a high body fat percentage, regardless of your body type?
Having a body fat percentage that exceeds what is deemed healthy for your body type “is associated with a high risk of disease,” says Dr Arad. But it’s not exactly having any fat that’s the issue. Experts believe that visceral fat (which deposits deep in the body around your organs, and commonly in the midsection) is particularly worrisome because it’s been connected to a slew of health problems, as Harvard Health reports. The other kind, subcutaneous fat, which sits just below the surface of the skin and you can pinch on your body with your fingers, isn’t thought to have the same health implications as visceral fat. (This might be due to how visceral fat causes an inflammatory response in the body in a way that subcutaneous fat does not.) To that point: One study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine found that normal-weight people who carried excess weight around their midsections had the highest risk of dying early, even when compared to people who had overweight or obese BMIs. People who have higher amounts of belly fat and visceral fat in general may be at a higher risk of developing insulin resistance, which can cause high blood sugar to develop, Dr Stanford explains. Having excess body fat regardless of your body type may also up your risk of developing other serious health issues like type 2 diabetes, cancer, liver disease, heart disease, and a decline in brain health, Dr Arad adds.
How can I gauge whether my body fat percentage is in a healthy range or not?
There are a few tip-offs that you might be carrying excess body fat that could be impacting your health — even if you are considered a normal weight at the doctor. These are just very general guidelines, though, to help get you thinking about your lifestyle habits that could be contributing to fat gain in particular. You don’t exercise much. Take an honest look at your exercise routine: Are you striving for 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week? Are you exercising at all? People are more likely to be skinny fat when they skimp on exercise, says Dr Stanford, who assesses a person’s muscle mass, too. Your diet isn’t nutritious. While you’re thinking of your exercise habits, mull over what you tend to eat on the regular. “If you don’t exercise much and don’t have a great diet, you’re at risk, even if you appear lean,” Dr Surampudi says. Your waist circumference is high. You can also measure your waist circumference, Dr Stanford says. If it’s greater than or equal to 35 inches, there’s a chance you have excess fat, as visceral fat tends to deposit in the midsection. You’ve been relying on your BMI to tell you that you’re healthy. Keep in mind that your BMI won’t help with determining whether or not you have excess fat regardless of your body type. “BMI just takes into account height and weight — it doesn’t tell me about fat,” Dr Stanford reminds. You’ll need a workup from your doc that can measure your body fat percentage to really confirm whether you could be metabolically at risk of the health issues mentioned that may be associated with having a high percentage of fat. And only a doctor you know and trust can really help put your health markers and body fat percentage into context for you. Not every person develops the same health risks or sees the same health improvements when they gain or lose fat — and that’s important to keep in mind. So talk to your doc! READ MORE: Here’s Why It’s Important To Lose That Belly Fat
If I’m unsure whether my body fat percentage is in a healthy range or not, what do I do?
If you do want more info about your body fat percentage, your doctor may be able to run a few tests to see what your body fat percentage is, and they’ll help you go from there. A bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can help, Dr Surampudi says; it uses a weak electric current to calculate the resistance in your body (and your fat storage). Underwater weighing, where the amount of water you displace is calculated to determine your body fat percentage, is also a good method, Dr Surampudi says.
How can I improve my health if I want to reduce my body fat percentage?
Please know: You’re *not* automatically doomed to develop scary diseases down the road just because of your body fat percentage. But Dr Arad says it’s a good idea to make some changes now to lower your potential risks for the future. Sure, most of these are pretty common-sense methods to live a little healthier, but it doesn’t hurt to hear them again. Eat plenty of fruits and veggies. Plant-based diets are proven to help people not only improve their overall health, but also maintain a healthy weight, Dr Stanford says. Opt for lean proteins. If you eat fatty meats most of the time as your source of protein, consider swapping out steak and burgers for leaner varieties like chicken and fish. If fatty meats are a staple for you, this dietary adjustment may help reduce your body fat, Dr Stanford says. Don’t forget whole grains. Reminder: Carbs aren’t bad or off-limits, but refined carbs like white bread and regular pasta are more likely to contribute to body fat gain than complex carbs like brown rice and corn, Dr Stanford notes. Fuel up with whole grains more often than simple, refined carbs. Move more. If you don’t work out now, it’s a great time to start. That doesn’t necessarily mean you have to go HAM in the gym if that’s not your style, but regular exercise (e.g., 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week), will go a long way toward reducing body fat, Dr Surampudi says. While you’re at it, try resistance training. Lifting weights or doing body-weight exercises is a great way to build up your muscle mass — and that can lower your body fat percentage, Dr Surampudi says. The more muscle mass you have, the more energy you expend (and fat you burn) even at rest. Get plenty of sleep. When you don’t get enough sleep, you’re more likely to snack on crummier foods and may not have enough energy to work out, Dr Surampudi points out. Try to reduce your stress levels. “Stress levels can contribute to excess weight storage,” Dr Surampudi says. While you can only do so much about your daily stress, try adding routine de-stressing techniques throughout your day, like using a meditation app or trying a few yoga poses when you wake up. If you’re concerned about your body fat percentage, talk to your doctor. They should be able to do diagnostic work and offer up personalised guidance regarding whether your health might benefit from losing body fat, plus how to actually do that in a safe and sustainable way that makes sense for you. This article was originally published on www.womenshealthmag.com READ MORE ON: Health Health Advice Weight Loss !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=;t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e);s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');fbq('init','2162521310492989');fbq('track','PageView'); Source link Read the full article
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This Is the Surprising Thing That Happens to Your Metabolism When You Lose Weight
This Is the Surprising Thing That Happens to Your Metabolism When You Lose Weight
When you lose weight, your body goes through a series of changes both externally and internally. One extremely important internal function that is affected by weight loss is your metabolism.
To learn how your weight loss affects your metabolism, POPSUGAR spoke to Avigdor Arad, PhD, RDN, CDE, director of the Mount Sinai Physiolab, and Holly Lofton, MD, director of the medical weight management…
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The cell What is a cell? · ‘The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.’ - https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/cell · All living creatures are comprised of cells. · There are trillions of cells in the human body. Each cell varies in type, shape, size and function. · Human cells are eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus whereas prokaryotes don’t. · The eukaryotic cell contains a: o Nucleus o Ribosomes o Endoplasmic reticulum - Rough - Smooth o Golgi apparatus o Lysosomes o Mitochondria References · https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/cell · https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/cell#:~:text=The%20human%20body%20is%20composed,and%20carry%20out%20specialized%20functions.&text=Within%20cells%2C%20the%20cytoplasm%20is,structures%20that%20surround%20the%20nucleus. . . . #discoverphysiotherapy #physiostudent #physiotheraphy #physiogram #physiologyfirst #physiologyclass #physiologyofthecells #physiology #physiologynotes #physiology_notes #cell #cells #cellbiology #nucleus #mitochondria #study #student #studentphysio #students #anatomyandphysiology #humanphysiology #human #eukaryote #ribosome #rough #smooth #creatures #organism #membrane #physiolab . @physiology.anatomy @human_physiology2017 @_physiology_facts_ @arbillaexercisephysiology @physiologyfacts20 @clinicalphysio @human._.anatomy_ @easy_anatomy_and_physiology @physiology.s @physiology_facts_exciting https://www.instagram.com/p/CCWAnIqH7CN/?igshid=1hngfnrkara1z
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Clingyyyyyy 🙊 #group19and20 #physiolab
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Day 10. Sodium-Potassium test reading. #Internship #NaKTest #PhysioLab #PBGB #IRRI #UPLB (at International Rice Research Institute - Physiology Laboratory)
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