#open access journals of psychology

[fruityyamenrunner]

A widespread misconception in much of psychology is that (a) as vertebrate animals evolved, “newer” brain structures were added over existing “older” brain structures, and (b) these newer, more complex structures endowed animals with newer and more complex psychological functions, behavioral flexibility, and language. This belief, although widely shared in introductory psychology textbooks, has long been discredited among neurobiologists and stands in contrast to the clear and unanimous agreement on these issues among those studying nervous-system evolution. We bring psychologists up to date on this issue by describing the more accurate model of neural evolution, and we provide examples of how this inaccurate view may have impeded progress in psychology. We urge psychologists to abandon this mistaken view of human brains.

[biomedres]

Cobalt Doped TiO2/rGO Nanocomposites as Highly Efficient Photocatalyst for Water Purification

Cobalt Doped TiO2/rGO Nanocomposites as Highly Efficient Photocatalyst for Water Purification in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research

https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.005972.php

An efficient Co-TiO2 /rGO nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method with Co(NO3 )2 ·6H2 O, titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) and graphene oxide (GO) as raw materials. The morphology and structure of the as-prepared materials were characterized by XRD, SEM UV-Vis and XPS. Methylene blue (MB), a typical organic dye, was selected as the probe to investigate the effects of the mass ratio of GO and Co-TiO2 , the dosage amount of catalyst and the cycling performance of Co-TiO2 /rGO. The results showed that the band gap width of the prepared Co-TiO2 /rGO composite was about 2.92eV, and when the mass ratio of GO and Co-TiO2 was 0.01 and the dosage was 20mg, the highest photocatalytic degradation of MB was observed with the degradation rate of 99.7%. Significantly, after 5 times of photocatalytic recycle was conducted, the degradation rate of MB by Co-TiO2 /rGO was still above 70%.

For more articles in Journals on Biomedical Sciences click here bjstr

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[crimsonpublisherspsychotherapy]

Relationships with Pet Dogs and Well-being in Adulthood _Crimson Publishers

Relationships with Pet Dogs and Well-being in Adulthood by  Effie Heotis in Psychology and Psychotherapy: Research Study

Abstract

Despite that pets play an important role in contemporary society; little is known about the inner world of adults who have close relationships with dogs. The researcher conducted a qualitative, phenomenological study to develop a better understanding of the lived experiences of adults who have close relationships with dogs as companions. Attachment theory served to illuminate on the cognitive and developmental aspects regarding relationships with dogs during adulthood. Interviews were conducted with 15 adult dog owners to gain insights into the inner world of dog owners who have close relationships with dogs. Essential elements constituting the regulation of negative emotions, facilitation of positive emotions, promotion of increased physical activity, enhancement of interpersonal socialization emerged as core themes to shed light on adults’ experiences of close relationships with dogs. Additionally, the companionship and security of unconditional love, and the fulfillment in meeting a loved one’s needs emerged as central elements in adults’ attachment experiences. This study provided an indepth understanding of how close relationships with dogs inform dog owners’ psychological and physical well-being in adulthood. Implications of these findings are important for practices given that adults’ wellbeing can be developed and promoted through close relationships with dogs.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/pprs/fulltext/PPRS.000591.php

Crimson Publishers: https://crimsonpublishers.com/ For more articles in Psychology and Psychotherapy: Research Study, Please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/pprs/

[grey-sorcery]

Title: Shadow Work: First Steps

Related Articles

Shadow Work Concepts Emanations of The Subconscious Dualities Biases in Witchcraft Finding Balance Divination Basics of Spellcasting Basics of Astral Projection Fundamentals of Energy Work Spell Design What is Witchcraft?

Important: Shadow work is in no way necessary for witchcraft. Nor should magical applications of shadow work be the crux of your self-reflection.

The concept of the shadow holds a lot of significance to most witches today. The shadow, as elucidated by Carl Jung, represents the concealed and often repressed aspects of an individual's psyche. It encompasses the less desirable qualities, such as fears, insecurities, and suppressed emotions, which are typically kept hidden from conscious awareness. Engaging in magical shadow work entails embarking upon a journey of self-discovery and self-integration, allowing individuals to explore these hidden depths in order to achieve greater personal understanding and growth. And while Jung may not have been the most savory character, his contributions were and continue to be very useful! I highly recommend looking into his ideas and how you can potentially modify them to better fit your own life.

The Shadow

The shadow, as defined and utilized in shadow work, refers to the concealed and often repressed aspects of an individual's psyche. The shadow represents the repository of thoughts, emotions, and impulses that are deemed unacceptable or incompatible with one's conscious self-image. A lot of the shadow’s characteristics are forged through traumatic experiences and manifest themselves as trauma responses. These hidden aspects of the self reside in the unconscious mind, remaining largely inaccessible to conscious awareness.

Shadow work involves a deliberate and introspective exploration of these suppressed elements. It is a process of bringing to light the aspects of ourselves that we may disown or deny, aiming to integrate them into our conscious selfhood. By engaging with the shadow, individuals gain insight into their fears, insecurities, and unresolved conflicts, shedding light on the hidden motivations behind their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. This exploration of the shadow is not limited to psychological analysis alone. It encompasses various practices and techniques, such as magic, divination, self-reflection, journaling, therapy, and emotional intelligence development. Shadow work allows individuals to confront and confront their shadows in a compassionate and non-judgmental manner, promoting personal growth, self-acceptance, and authenticity.

Techniques for Exploring and Integrating the Shadow

One approach to delving into the depths of the shadow is through the practice of meditation. By cultivating a focused and contemplative state of mind, individuals can delve into their subconscious and uncover suppressed emotions, memories, and beliefs. Through consistent meditation practice, one can gradually bring these shadows into conscious awareness, allowing for a deeper understanding of oneself.

Rituals and spellwork can serve as transformative tools in shadow work. Rituals provide a structured framework within which individuals can confront and engage with their shadows. By employing symbolic gestures, such as the use of correspondences or ritual objects, or the implementation of astral projections and energy work, practitioners can externalize their inner struggles and navigate the complexities of their shadows in a controlled and intentional manner. Through spellwork, it is possible to influence the psyche, open up self awareness, make it easier to gain access to repressed memories, aid in inducing relaxed states, and form energetic representations of emotional states. 

Archetypes and symbolism serve as potent vehicles for exploring the shadow within magical practice. Archetypes represent universal patterns and primordial images that exist within the collective unconscious. By working with archetypal energies, individuals can gain insight into their own shadows and access the transformative potential residing within them. Symbolism, too, can play a central role in shadow work, as it allows practitioners to express and explore complex emotions and experiences that may be difficult to articulate directly. By utilizing symbols, such as colors, animals, or mythological motifs, individuals can unlock the safety, self-awareness, and confidence contained within their shadows.

Magical Shadow Work

One of the primary benefits of engaging in magical shadow work is the revelation of hidden aspects of the self. By courageously diving into the shadow, individuals can shed light on the suppressed emotions, desires, and beliefs that have influenced their thoughts and behaviors. This process of self-exploration enables individuals to develop a more comprehensive understanding of their true nature, promoting authenticity and self-acceptance.

Magical shadow work also holds the potential for healing past wounds and traumas. By addressing the suppressed emotions and traumas stored within the shadow, individuals can initiate a process of emotional and psychological healing. Confronting and processing these experiences in a supportive and intentional manner allows for the release of stagnant energy and the restoration of emotional well-being. Engaging with the shadow can lead to personal transformation and empowerment. As individuals become aware of and integrate their shadows, they gain the ability to reclaim the aspects of themselves that were once repressed or denied. By embracing the full spectrum of their being, individuals unlock their true potential and experience a greater sense of wholeness and authenticity.

Before engaging in magical shadow work, It would be wise to approach it mundanely first. At the very least, mundane shadow work will give you an idea of what your shadow is, the shape of it, its reactionary patterns, its roots. Without mundane shadow work, or a very experienced healer, you’ll be flying blind. Shadow work is an intimate process of getting refamiliarized with the sum total of your being, your life. If you’re ready for magical shadow work, here are some spells that can help. (Be sure that they’re of your design for best results.)

Anti-anxiety spell candle

Spell to remember dreams

Spell to make accessing sensitive memories easier

Binding your own trauma response (temporarily)

Cord cutting (Actual cord cutting, not that candle & string tiktok bs)

Glamour for self-love and acknowledgement 

Reveal truth spell

I may write some spells for this purpose, If I do, I will link them here in this section.

Mundane Shadow Work

Mundane shadow work refers to the process of exploring and integrating the hidden aspects of the self from a psychological and self-care perspective, without invoking supernatural or metaphysical beliefs. It involves delving into the unconscious patterns, beliefs, and behaviors that shape an individual's thoughts and actions; as well as taking the time to care for yourself, even when the cost required to do so means draining yourself. Unlike magical or mystical approaches, mundane shadow work focuses on psychological principles and practices to uncover and address these hidden aspects.

From a psychological standpoint, mundane shadow work involves examining the unconscious patterns and behaviors that influence an individual's life. The unconscious mind plays a vital role in shaping thoughts, emotions, and actions, often driven by deep-seated fears, unresolved conflicts, and unacknowledged desires. By exploring and understanding these unconscious elements, individuals can gain insight into the underlying motivations and dynamics that affect their daily lives. Mundane shadow work also involves exploring the impact of childhood conditioning and societal influences on one's personality and behavior. Early experiences and societal norms can shape beliefs, values, and attitudes that may be limiting or detrimental. Through introspection and analysis, individuals can identify and challenge ingrained patterns and beliefs that no longer serve their personal growth and well-being.

Self-reflection and journaling are effective practices for mundane shadow work. Taking time to reflect on thoughts, emotions, and experiences can help uncover hidden patterns and gain insight into one's motivations and reactions. Writing in a journal allows for a deeper exploration of thoughts and feelings, enabling individuals to recognize recurring themes, triggers, and patterns in their lives.

Self-care can serve as a valuable tool for shadow work, facilitating the exploration and integration of hidden aspects of the self. By engaging in self-care practices, individuals create a nurturing and supportive environment that allows for deep introspection and personal growth.

Examples of self-care as a form of shadow work include:

1. Mindfulness and Meditation: Practicing mindfulness cultivates awareness of one's thoughts, emotions, and sensations, creating a space for acknowledging and exploring the shadow. Meditation provides an opportunity to observe and process unconscious patterns and emotions that may arise during the practice.

2. Journaling and Reflection: Writing in a journal encourages self-reflection and can help uncover hidden aspects of the self. By expressing thoughts, emotions, and experiences on paper, individuals gain insights into their shadows and can identify recurring patterns or triggers.

3. Self-Compassion and Self-Acceptance: Embracing self-compassion and self-acceptance involves acknowledging and accepting all aspects of the self, including the shadow. By practicing self-compassion, individuals can foster a non-judgmental and nurturing attitude towards themselves, creating space for healing and growth.

4. Emotional Regulation and Boundaries: Developing emotional regulation skills allows individuals to navigate and process challenging emotions that may arise during shadow work. Setting boundaries helps establish a safe and supportive environment, protecting one's well-being and allowing for focused introspection.

5. Rest and Relaxation: Prioritizing rest and relaxation is essential for replenishing energy and fostering emotional well-being. Taking breaks, engaging in hobbies, and practicing self-care rituals such as baths or massages create a conducive environment for self-exploration and introspection.

By incorporating self-care practices into one's routine, individuals can enhance their well-being while simultaneously engaging in shadow work. These practices create a nurturing space for deep reflection, emotional processing, and personal growth. Self-care as a form of shadow work enables individuals to develop a deeper understanding and acceptance of their shadows, leading to greater self-awareness and integration.

Engaging in therapy or counseling is a valuable approach to mundane shadow work. Mental health professionals provide a supportive and objective environment where individuals can explore their unconscious patterns, childhood conditioning, and societal influences. Therapeutic techniques, such as psychodynamic therapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy, can aid in uncovering and addressing underlying issues, facilitating personal growth and transformation.

Developing emotional intelligence is another crucial aspect of mundane shadow work. Emotional intelligence encompasses the ability to identify, understand, and manage one's own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. By enhancing emotional awareness and regulation, individuals can gain insight into their unconscious emotional reactions and learn healthier ways of expressing and processing emotions. Practices such as mindfulness meditation, emotional regulation exercises, and empathy-building activities contribute to the development of emotional intelligence.

Mundane shadow work is an integral part of personal growth and self-actualization. By exploring and integrating the hidden aspects of the self, individuals can achieve a deeper understanding of their motivations, desires, and fears. This process fosters self-acceptance, self-compassion, and a greater sense of authenticity. Through mundane shadow work, individuals gain the opportunity to transform limiting beliefs, heal emotional wounds, and cultivate healthier relationships with themselves and others.

Similarities and Differences between Magical and Mundane Shadow Work

Magical and mundane shadow work share common goals and principles despite their different approaches. Both seek to explore and integrate the hidden aspects of the self, acknowledging the existence of unconscious patterns and behaviors that influence thoughts and actions. The shared goal is to achieve personal growth, self-awareness, and transformation. Both approaches recognize the importance of addressing suppressed emotions, traumas, and limiting beliefs for healing and achieving a more authentic and fulfilling life.

Magical shadow work often involves metaphysical or spiritual practices and rituals, whereas mundane shadow work focuses on psychological principles. In magical shadow work, practitioners may utilize meditation, visualization, energy work, rituals, and working with archetypes and symbolism.

In contrast, mundane shadow work primarily relies on psychological approaches supported by scientific research. It emphasizes self-reflection, introspection, therapy, and emotional intelligence development. Techniques such as journaling, therapy, and emotional regulation exercises are used to explore and understand unconscious patterns, childhood conditioning, and societal influences. Mundane shadow work seeks to integrate psychological principles and evidence-based practices for personal growth and transformation. Mundane shadow work can also use symbolism and work with archetypes. The shadow is an archetype, a subcategorization of the psyche. 

While magical and mundane shadow work have contrasting approaches, they also have complementary aspects that can be integrated for an approach to self-discovery and growth. Practitioners can incorporate psychological techniques into magical shadow work. For instance, individuals can use self-reflection and journaling to deepen their understanding of the symbolism and archetypes encountered in magical practices. This integration can provide a psychological framework for exploring and processing the experiences and insights gained from themagical, mystical, and metaphysical practices, enhancing self-awareness and personal growth. In mundane shadow work, practitioners can draw inspiration from the use of symbolism and archetypes in magical practices. Symbolism and archetypes provide a rich language for exploring and expressing complex emotions, experiences, and unconscious patterns. By incorporating these symbolic elements into therapy or counseling, individuals can tap into a deeper layer of self-understanding and facilitate transformative healing processes.

Both magical and mundane shadow work recognize the importance of the mind-body connection in personal growth. Engaging in practices such as meditation, mindfulness, or breathwork can foster a deeper connection with the self and facilitate emotional and psychological healing. This mind-body integration can bridge the gap between magical and mundane approaches, emphasizing the interplay of thoughts, emotions, and physical sensations in the process of shadow work. Both require a level of intimacy and honesty that may be uncomfortable for those who are just starting. They both often involve reflecting on past traumas and how they are reacted to.  

Choosing the Right Approach

When it comes to shadow work, it is crucial to choose an approach that aligns with individual preferences, needs, and goals. While both magical and mundane methods offer unique perspectives, it is essential to consider personal inclinations and strike a balance between the two. However, prioritizing mundane approaches for mental health considerations is of utmost importance. Without professional guidance, a practitioner may end up hurting themselves more than healing. Especially for younger practitioners. 

Each individual has their own preferences and inclinations when it comes to self-exploration and personal growth. Some may resonate more with the mystical and metaphysical aspects of magical shadow work, while others may find solace and effectiveness in the practical and evidence-based approaches of mundane shadow work. It is essential to honor these individual preferences and inclinations when selecting an approach to shadow work.

Before starting shadow work, it is vital to identify personal needs, goals, traumas, boundaries, and influences. What aspects of the self do you wish to explore? Are you seeking healing from past traumas or a deeper understanding of your unconscious patterns? Understanding your specific needs and goals can help determine the most suitable approach for your shadow work journey. Finding a balance between magical and mundane approaches can provide a well-rounded and comprehensive experience. The metaphysical aspects of magical shadow work can offer a sense of awe, wonder, and connection to something greater than oneself. On the other hand, the psychological grounding of mundane shadow work can provide a practical framework for understanding and integrating the shadow. By incorporating elements from both approaches, individuals can tap into their intuition while also utilizing evidence-based practices for self-discovery and personal growth.

While both magical and mundane approaches have their merits, prioritizing mundane approaches to mental health is crucial. Mundane shadow work is rooted in psychological principles and has a strong evidence base. Engaging in therapy or counseling, utilizing psychological techniques, and focusing on emotional well-being are essential components of addressing mental health concerns. It is important to recognize that while magical shadow work may provide spiritual or mystical insights, it should not be relied upon as a sole solution for mental health challenges. By prioritizing mundane approaches to mental health, individuals can ensure they receive the necessary support and guidance from qualified professionals. Therapeutic interventions provide a safe and structured environment for exploring the depths of the shadow, addressing past traumas, and developing healthier coping mechanisms. Taking care of one's mental well-being is paramount and should not be overshadowed by the allure of magical or mystical practices alone.

How Shadow Work Enhances Magical Practice

Shadow work, with its focus on exploring and integrating the hidden aspects of the self, can significantly improve magical practice in various ways. By delving into the depths of the shadow, practitioners can enhance magical potency, deepen their connection to their own practice, and develop self-awareness regarding potential negative influences on their spellwork, metaphysics, and magical praxis.

Shadow work can enhance magical potency by addressing and transforming the unconscious patterns, fears, and limiting beliefs that may hinder the effectiveness of magical practice. When practitioners engage in shadow work, they uncover and work through these hidden aspects, allowing them to reclaim personal power and align their intentions and energies more effectively. By integrating the shadow, practitioners can cultivate a greater sense of authenticity, clarity, and focus, thereby magnifying the potency of their magical endeavors.

Shadow work offers a unique opportunity to deepen the connection one has to their own magical practice. By exploring the depths of the shadow, practitioners gain insights into their motivations, desires, and fears that may unconsciously influence their magical workings. This self-exploration allows practitioners to align their magical practice with their true selves, fostering a deeper sense of connection, purpose, and resonance. By integrating the shadow, practitioners can cultivate a more authentic and fulfilling magical journey.

Engaging in shadow work helps practitioners become self-aware of potential negative influences on their spellwork, metaphysics, and magical praxis. The shadow, with its hidden and repressed aspects, can manifest in unintended ways within magical practice. By exploring the shadow, practitioners can bring these influences into conscious awareness, thereby minimizing their detrimental effects. This self-awareness enables practitioners to identify and address biases, unresolved traumas, and unacknowledged emotions that may impact their magical workings. By integrating the shadow, practitioners can ensure that their spellwork and metaphysical understanding align with their authentic selves, promoting ethical, balanced, and effective magical praxis.

To become self-aware of the shadow's potential negative influence, practitioners can engage in regular self-reflection, journaling, and introspection. They can analyze their magical experiences, observe recurring patterns or emotional reactions, and critically evaluate their intentions and motivations. Seeking feedback from trusted peers or mentors can also provide valuable insights and help uncover blind spots or unconscious biases. By developing this self-awareness, practitioners can actively work towards minimizing negative influences and ensuring their magical practice aligns with their true values and intentions.

Tips for Shadow Work

Prepare by gathering comforting items and keeping them close by so they can be used afterwards.

Bathe afterwards (This may not be helpful if you suffer from dysphoria)

Practice regular meditation so that it becomes easier

Take notes during solo shadow work practices in order to discuss the points with a therapist.

Analyze personal biases and preconceptions to prevent them from influencing your exploration.

Understand intersectionality and how it affects your life.

Utilize symbols and archetypes without ascribing unnecessary magical attributes to them.

Cultivate emotional awareness, empathy, and self-regulation.

Seek information from various disciplines, including psychology, history, and ethics, and apply critical thinking to what you read.

Stay open to different viewpoints and be willing to modify your beliefs as you learn.

Dedicate time to reflection and self-assessment to facilitate growth.

Strive for authenticity rather than attempting to conform to any particular spiritual or magical tradition.

Understand your limits and maintain healthy boundaries in your practices.

Recognize that tools and accessories can aid practice but are not inherently magical. They only serve to support headspace.

Share your findings and thoughts with a professional for feedback.

Recognize the cultural origins of various practices and treat them with respect.

Distinguish between metaphorical and literal interpretations to prevent falling into delusions, especially for those with a mental illness.

Extend compassion to yourself and others, recognizing that shadow work can be a challenging process.

Understand that shadow work leads to change, and be willing to embrace it.

Surround yourself with supportive friends, family, or community.

Keeping a journal aids in tracking progress and thoughts.

Acknowledge your responsibility for your actions and beliefs.

Understand that complex phenomena cannot be reduced to overly simplistic explanations.

Seek out primary sources when researching different traditions.

Utilize both logic and intuition in a balanced way.

Recognize how language shapes thought and be mindful of your word choices.

Understand historical practices in their proper context without romanticizing them.

Recognize the metaphorical nature of certain concepts without taking them literally.

If using substances to aid in exploration, do so responsibly and with awareness of potential risks. It is unwise to employ alcohol consumption for shadow work.

Establish a physical and emotional environment that feels safe and conducive to exploration.

Stay clear of pseudoscientific explanations and theories. Especially those originating from New Age “Spirituality”.

Understand that shadow work can be taxing and prioritize self-care.

Recognize the limits of personal understanding and be humble in your approach.

Embrace a nuanced view that avoids rigid binary classifications.

Familiarize yourself with psychological theories that pertain to consciousness and the unconscious.

Be aware of the tendency to seek information that confirms pre-existing beliefs.

Recognize the connection between body and mind and engage in physical activities that promote well-being.

Recognize and avoid superstitions that might influence rational thinking.

Understand how societal norms and constructs can shape personal beliefs and behaviors.

If using visualization, do so with an understanding of its psychological basis rather than mystical.

Recognize the multifaceted nature of human personality and experience.

Be willing to change directions in your practice if something is not working, regardless of the time and effort invested.

Establish a consistent routine that supports your shadow work practice.

Maintain a strong connection to reality, recognizing the symbolic or metaphorical nature of many spiritual or magical concepts

See if this post updated

Interested in my other articles? You can find my masterpost here.

Patron Shoutouts!

Megan Kipp Jinsu Ing Mar Cosmicauquamarie Elizabeth Ash

Thank you for your continued support! My patrons help me maintain the drive to create content and help me keep food in my pantry.

My patrons of Mystic tier and higher had access to this article a week before it was public! To see other perks of supporting me, click here!

[gaiasgrimoire]

Learning Lenormand - A Beginner's Guide (Pt. 1)

The History and Origins of Lenormand

The Lenormand card system has its roots in 18th-century Europe and is named after the famous French fortune-teller, Marie-Anne Lenormand (1772–1843). Though Lenormand herself didn’t create the deck, she gained fame for reading cards for notable figures like Napoleon Bonaparte and Empress Josephine. Her reputation as a powerful seer contributed to the spread of card divination under her name.

Interestingly, the deck we know today as the Petit Lenormand actually began as a board game called the Game of Hope, created by a German man named Johann Kaspar Hechtel around 1799. The game was designed for entertainment, but the cards—illustrated with simple, everyday images like the Clover, Ship, and Letter—began being used for cartomancy (fortune-telling with cards). The 36-card Lenormand deck became a divination tool due to its practicality and accessibility, offering insight into daily life and practical matters.

How Lenormand Differs from Tarot and Oracle Cards

If you’re familiar with tarot or oracle cards, you’ll find that Lenormand brings a different energy to the table. Here are a few key differences:

Simplicity and Literal Meanings: Tarot cards often carry deep, symbolic meanings that can be interpreted in many layers. Lenormand, by contrast, is more literal and straightforward. For example, the “Rider” card usually represents news or an arrival, and the “Coffin” signifies an ending or a loss.

Combinations Are Key: While tarot cards are typically read individually or in relation to their positions, Lenormand readings rely heavily on card combinations. The meaning of one card is influenced by the surrounding cards, forming sentences or “stories” that give the reading depth.

Predictive Focus: Lenormand is much more predictive and practical. While tarot is often used for psychological or spiritual insight, Lenormand is designed to provide answers about concrete, real-life events like work, relationships, and daily challenges.

Shorter Deck: Tarot consists of 78 cards, while Lenormand has just 36, making it quicker and often easier to shuffle through.

How to Read Lenormand Cards

1. Focus on Card Combinations

In Lenormand, it’s not just about the meaning of a single card but how that card interacts with others. For instance, the Heart card on its own represents love and emotions, but paired with the Rider, it might suggest the arrival of a new love or emotional news. Pay attention to the flow of meanings when you read.

2. Start Small with Simple Spreads

The Three-Card Spread is a great place to begin. In this spread, the cards form a sentence-like structure, where each card adds context and detail to the others. For example, Man + Heart + Letter might indicate that a man is going to express his feelings through a message or letter. Once you’re comfortable, you can move on to the Nine-Card Spread, which provides more detail about a situation. For more advanced readers, the Grand Tableau, which uses all 36 cards, gives an in-depth view of various aspects of life.

3. Ask Clear, Direct Questions

Lenormand thrives on specific questions. Instead of asking something open-ended like “What does the future hold?” you might ask, “What can I expect from my job in the next three months?” This allows the cards to offer more focused guidance.

4. Key Cards to Know:

Rider: News, messages, movement.

Clover: Luck, opportunities, short-term joy.

Ship: Travel, business ventures, long journeys.

House: Home, family, stability.

Coffin: Endings, losses, or transitions.

These are just a few examples, but as you work with the cards, you’ll get to know their meanings and how they apply to various situations.

5. Journal Your Readings

Keep track of your progress by journaling your readings. Write down the question, the cards you drew, and your interpretation. Over time, this will help you refine your skills and notice patterns in the card combinations.

~

Lenormand offers a practical, no-nonsense approach to divination that makes it accessible for both beginners and experienced readers. Its focus on clear answers, card combinations, and everyday situations provides an excellent tool for gaining insight into life’s questions. If you’re looking for a straightforward and predictive system that balances well with tarot or oracle readings, Lenormand is a great place to start.

Happy reading!

[sarida-candy]

Invention to manifest in your reality.

Magic wardrobe

A wardrobe that dresses people. You can draw clothes and they will appear as designer clothes, to your size, exactly as you thought

Crystaliseur

The Crystalizer looks like a round pocket mirror. When you open it, it opens the Crystalizer. It is made of luxury materials with gold and crystal. The Crystalizer is a magical device offered by the school: there is all the necessary information, there are holograms that can come out of it and many applications. Applications in the Crystalizer: The Map of the place, application to talk, Exploration Mode, Personalized Time Schedule, Reminders and Notifications, Priority and Suggestions, The Personal Assistant, Virtual Companion, Story Mode, Communication and Socialization, Holographic Messaging, Holographic Calls, Educational and Creative Games, Care and Well-being, Holographic Interface, Access to Information, Internal Applications, geocalizer, health, journal, Communication Support, Progress Viewer, Journal, Digital Library, Objective Tracking, Magic Calculator, Review Assistant, Career Explorer, Emotion Management, Research Support, Magic Weather, Event Calendar, music, recipe, math, calculator, Encyclopedia of Creatures, Civic Education, label, school social network, Psychological Support, Management of Task, Economics and Management, Astronomical Observatory, Dream Simulation, Sleep and wake-up analysis, Care reminder, photo album, teleportation, Guided meditation, Nutrition monitoring. Celestial map, Hygiene tutorial, Bath assistant, Interactive clock, Success history, etc. It is an electronic device that is in hologram. You can touch the holograms

Gender machine

A machine that can change your gender, if you are really sure

Diagnosty

A device to diagnose, from birth. The device is infallible, confidential. It's free. It is in all hospitals. The baby is placed in the machine and after a few minutes the device is able to diagnose a disorder, disability, disease, etc. Later, the device can diagnose diseases, infections, etc. He can also prescribe a remedy, give instructions, etc.

bookvi

A book in which people can upload images and videos. They can watch them whenever they want. It looks like a normal book

[religion-is-a-mental-illness]

Abstract Many teachers and researchers, among others, continue to believe, despite the lack of evidence, that learning will be more effective if educators match their teaching approaches to students’ alleged learning styles. Scholars have called for more research on why the belief in learning styles is so appealing. This conceptual paper suggests four moral intuitions or sensibilities that underlie the appeal: (1) the desire for rational control, (2) our sense of justice, (3) the feeling that everyone is unique, and (4) reverence for the natural. Speaking to these intuitions could strengthen efforts to debunk the myth of learning styles in teacher education.

[..] Experts aren’t sure how the concept spread, but it might have had something to do with the self-esteem movement of the late ‘80s and early ‘90s. Everyone was special—so everyone must have a special learning style, too. Teachers told students about it in grade school. “Teachers like to think that they can reach every student, even struggling students, just by tailoring their instruction to match each student’s preferred learning format,” said Central Michigan University’s Abby Knoll, a PhD student who has studied learning styles. (Students, meanwhile, like to blame their scholastic failures on their teacher’s failure to align their teaching style with their learning style.)

Either way, “by the time we get students at college,” said the Indiana University professor Polly Husmann, “they’ve already been told ‘You’re a visual learner.’” Or aural, or what have you.

The thing is, they’re not. Or at least, a lot of evidence suggests that people aren’t really one certain kind of learner or another. In a study published last month in the journal Anatomical Sciences Education, Husmann and her colleagues had hundreds of students take the Vark questionnaire to determine what kind of learner they supposedly were. The survey then gave them some study strategies that seem like they would correlate with that learning style. Husmann found that not only did students not study in ways that seemed to reflect their learning style, those who did tailor their studying to suit their style didn’t do any better on their tests.

Husmann thinks the students had fallen into certain study habits, which, once formed, were too hard to break. Students seemed to be interested in their learning styles, but not enough to actually change their studying behavior based on them. And even if they had, it wouldn’t have mattered.

“I think as a purely reflective exercise, just to get you thinking about your study habits, [Vark] might have a benefit,” Husmann said. “But the way we’ve been categorizing these learning styles doesn’t seem to hold up.”

Another study published last year in the British Journal of Psychology found that students who preferred learning visually thought they would remember pictures better, and those who preferred learning verbally thought they’d remember words better. But those preferences had no correlation to which they actually remembered better later on—words or pictures. Essentially, all the “learning style” meant, in this case, was that the subjects liked words or pictures better, not that words or pictures worked better for their memories.

In other words, “there’s evidence that people do try to treat tasks in accordance with what they believe to be their learning style, but it doesn’t help them,” says Daniel Willingham, a psychologist at the University of Virginia. In 2015, he reviewed the literature on learning styles and concluded that “learning styles theories have not panned out.”

That same year, a Journal of Educational Psychology paper found no relationship between the study subjects’ learning-style preference (visual or auditory) and their performance on reading- or listening-comprehension tests. Instead, the visual learners performed best on all kinds of tests. Therefore, the authors concluded, teachers should stop trying to gear some lessons toward “auditory learners.” “Educators may actually be doing a disservice to auditory learners by continually accommodating their auditory learning style,” they wrote, “rather than focusing on strengthening their visual word skills.”

In our conversation, Willingham brought up another study, published in 2009, in which people who said they liked to think visually or verbally really did try to think that way: Self-proclaimed visualizers tried to create an image, and self-proclaimed verbalizers tried to form words. But, there was a rub, he said: “If you’re a visualizer and I give you pictures, you don’t remember pictures any better than anyone who says they’re verbalizer.”

This doesn’t mean everyone is equally good at every skill, of course. Really, Willingham says, people have different abilities, not styles. Some people read better than others; some people hear worse than others. But most of the tasks we encounter are only really suited to one type of learning. You can’t visualize a perfect French accent, for example.

==

Considering the sources of teacher training, Ed Schools, are extremely highly ideological, the perpetuation of this "neuromyth" is probably not an accident or misunderstanding.

These are the schools that have attached quasi-religious overtones to their preferred, but ineffective, process of teaching kids to read, and have been denying evidence-based methods for decades.

[ranahan]

Free tactical medicine learning resources

If you want to learn first aid, emergency care or tactical medical care for real, you will need to practice these skills. A lot. Regularly. There’s no way to learn them just from books. But if you’re looking to supplement your training, can’t access hands on training, are a layperson doing research for your writing or otherwise just curious, here are some free resources (some may need a free account to access them).

TCCC

The current gold standard in the field is Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC), developed by the US army but used by militaries around the world. There is also a civilian version of the system called Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (TECC). Training materials, Standards of Care, instructional videos, etc. can be accessed at deployedmedicine.com. You’ll need a free account. This should be your first and possibly only stop.

There’s also an app and a podcast if those are more your thing, although I haven’t personally tried them.

More TCCC (video) resources

STOP THE BLEED® Interactive Course

TCCC-MP Guidelines and Curriculum presentations and training videos

EURMED’s Medical Beginner's Resource List has suggested list of video materials (disclaimer: I haven’t watched the playlists, but I have been trained by nearly all of the linked systems/organisations and can vouch for them)

Tactical Medical Solutions training resource page (requires registration; some of the courses are free)

North American Rescue video downloads

Emergency medicine

WHO-ICRC Basic Emergency Care: approach to the acutely ill and injured — an open-access course workbook for basic emergency care with limited resources

Global Health Emergency Medicine — open-access, evidence-based, peer-reviewed emergency medicine modules designed for teachers and learners in low-resource health setting

AFEM Resources — curricula, lecture bank, reviews, etc.

Global Emergency Medicine Academy Resources (links to more resources)

OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology textbook

Open-access anatomy and physiology learning resources

OpenStax Pharmacology for nurses textbook

Principles of Pharmacology – Study Guide

Multiple Casualty Incidents

Management of Multiple Casualty Incidents lecture

Bombings: Injury Patterns and Care blast injuries course (scroll down on the page)

Borden Institute has medical textbooks about biological, chemical and nuclear threats

Psychological first aid: Guide for field workers

Prolonged field care

When the evac isn’t coming anytime soon.

Prolonged Field Care Basics lecture (requires registration)

Aerie 14th Edition Wilderness Medicine Manual (textbook)

Austere Emergency Medical Support (AEMS) Field Guide (textbook)

Prolonged Casualty Care (PCC) Guidelines

Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines

Austere Medicine Resources: Practice Guidelines — a great resource of WMS, PFC, TCCC, etc. clinical practice guidelines in one place

The Wilderness and Environmental Medicine Journal (you can read past issues without a membership)

Prolonged Field Care Collective: Resources

National Park Services Emergency Medical Services Resources

Guerilla Medicine: An Introduction to the Concepts of Austere Medicine in Asymmetric Conflicts (article)

Mental health & PTSD

National Center for PTSD

Psychological first aid: Guide for field workers

Combat and Operational Behavioral Health (medical textbook)

Resources for doctors and medical students

Or you know, other curious people who aren’t afraid of medical jargon.

Borden Institute Military Medical Textbooks and Resources — suggestions: start with Fundamentals of Military Medicine; mechanism of injury of conventional weapons; these two volumes on medical aspects of operating in extreme environments; psychosocial aspects of military medicine; or Combat Anesthesia

Emergency War Surgery textbook and lectures

Disaster Health Core Curriculum — online course for health professionals

Médecins Sans Frontières Clinical guidelines

Pocket book of hospital care for children: Second edition — guidelines for the management of common childhood illnesses in low resource settings

Grey’s Quick Reference: Basic Protocols in Paediatrics and Internal Medicine For Resource Limited Settings

The Department of Defense Center of Excellence for Trauma: Trauma Care Resources (links to more resources)

[beryllheliodora]

Patch 1.2 of our psychological horror VN Aftertaste is out now! ☕ 🩸

It includes the UI rework and some QoL upgrades!

You can download it here

And there's also devlog with a summary of the new stuff! You can either read it on itch continue under the read-more:

Heyo, Berin here, and I'm happy to announce the release of Aftertaste's brand-new UI by Lena Risse!

Let me show you some of the shiny new stuff we've got! Literally, the new UI has gold trim all over! There's a dedicated button to open the accessibility menu from the preferences now.

We also reworked the quick menu, and the inventory and journal-buttons. On top of that, there's a tool-tip in the bottom left corner now:

The point & click scenes also got an upgrade, there's a custom cursor now that changes depending on whether you're hovering over an object or a person:

The journal has exchanged the brown menu for a diegetic notebook with handwritten notes:

And there's a lot more, you best check it out yourself ; )

The media kit has also been updated with new screenshots.

[morlock-holmes]

I get very irritated by transphobic politicians pretending to care about "evidence" because I've yet to find one who actually does.

Look at this horseshit:

The Florida Department of Health wants to clarify evidence recently cited on a fact sheet released by the US Department of Health and Human Services and provide guidance on treating gender dysphoria for children and adolescents... Due to the lack of conclusive evidence, and the potential for long-term, irreversible effects, the Department's guidelines are as follows:

Social gender transition should not be a treatment option for children or adolescents.

The... The long term "irreversible" effects of being referred to by a different name or pronoun and possibly wearing different clothes than people might expect?

I mean I feel like you could reverse the effects by just... not doing that stuff anymore.

Anyway, they link, as evidence for their opposition to social transition, to this paper:

Title:

Not social transition status, but peer relations and family functioning predict psychological functioning in a German clinical sample of children with Gender Dysphoria

Literal first line of the abstract:

Research provides inconclusive results on whether a social gender transition (e.g. name, pronoun, and clothing changes) benefits transgender children or children with a Gender Dysphoria (GD) diagnosis.

Right in the introduction:

prepubescent children are not advised to receive any medical treatment before the onset of puberty (Tanner stage 2; Coleman et al., 2012). However, they often transition socially from one gender to another during childhood (Coleman et al., 2012). This reversible nonmedical step towards a life in the identified gender may include changing one’s name or pronoun, being introduced as the experienced gender in public, as well as gender typical appearance in terms of e.g., hair length and clothing (Steensma et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2019).

(Bolding mine)

Hey, big important Florida Surgeon General guy who wears a tie and influences the lives of millions of people:

I had to read your evidence for less than five fucking minutes before it openly contradicted what you say in your guidance.

People like this complain all the time about how evidence in trans medicine is hard to come by and uses small sample sizes, but then they link to a paper that has a sample size of 54 German kids.

Oh, and a paper which explicitly says,

Caution is also warranted in generalizing the results to all children with a GD because of the small and relative unique sample. All 54 children in the analysis sample were referred to the clinic for their GD, most of them came from families with a medium or high socio-economic background and the family support of the children’s gender identity was generally high. Due to the health care situation in Germany for children and adolescents with a GD diagnosis, some families go to considerable length to get access to treatment which they probably would not do if they did not generally support their child’s personal situation. At the same time, the clinical guidelines of the Hamburg GIS are quite liberal and allow for individual treatment pathways. Thus, these findings might not apply to a more diverse sample of transgender children who are not supported in their gender identity or expression by parents or clinicians, or children who identify themselves on a broader gender spectrum.

These people really, really fucking hope you don't actually read the evidence on this stuff.

I want to be clear: This isn't, like, one paper in a huge list of evidence against social transition, this is literally the only thing the Florida Surgeon General cites in opposing social transition.

[biomedres]

Device and Method for Measuring Volume in Receptacles for Storing Wine

Device and Method for Measuring Volume in Receptacles for Storing Wine in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 

https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.005850.php

Currently, amaranth grain and its processing products are widely used in the Russian Federation as vegetable raw materials for the food, oil extraction and pharmaceutical industries. Amaranth grain has a valuable chemical composition, incl. high content of the most important essential amino acid - lysine, high nutritional and biological value and is a promising raw material for use in various branches of the food and processing industry [1,2]. Over the past 20-30 years, unfavorable changes have occurred in the nutritional structure of the population of the Russian Federation, as a result of which the consumption of complete proteins of animal origin has decreased by 25%, the total caloric content of the diet - by 15%, the consumption of animal fats - by 70% and proteins of plant origin - by 30% [1]. At the same time, a new source of raw materials for the food industry has appeared on the world market - amaranth grain and its processing products, which have a valuable chemical composition, high nutritional and biological value, containing a wide range of physiologically functional nutrients, which determines the prospects for their use in food technology. productions [1].

For more articles in Journals on Biomedical Sciences click here bjstr Follow on Twitter : https://twitter.com/Biomedres01 Follow on Blogger : https://biomedres01.blogspot.com/ Like Our Pins On : https://www.pinterest.com/biomedres/

[badescapeartist-blog]

8 - More Chess Research

It has been a while, but I want to take us back to the start of this project with a question: How does chess affect the brain? More specifically, how does it affect focus?

As it turns out, people have been asking this question--and researching it--for a long time. And I will be the first to say that I don't understand a lot of it. There is a ton of technical, psychology jargon and data that doesn't mean a lot to a little ol' English major like me. However, I have found another article, this time a little more trustworthy, to help me find a direction to take. Truly, there is more here than I can really digest in a single semester.

There are all kind of peer-reviewed articles--not all of which I can access--that discuss chess in some way. I even found an article written for the Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy Journal that discusses how chess training can improve performance in games like soccer and rugby. That article doesn't help me. But it's interesting to see how this fairly simple (as far as the rules go) board game has influence in so many areas.

The article linked above has a few sections that are of particular interest to me: flow state, memory, and planning skills.

Flow state, put simply, is the state of mind you enter when you are wholly immersed in your task. Think back to the picture of Bobby Fischer I posted a while back; that is the embodiment of flow state. Have you ever been working on something and then suddenly realize that multiple hours have passed? That's flow state, and playing chess consistently can help a person get into that state more often.

Memory shouldn't need too much explaining. Most everyone has probably played a game that looks something like this:

"Wolf Memory Game" by Evelyn Saenz is licensed under CC BY 2.0.

You might not associate chess with an attribute like memory, but it makes perfect sense and I have already seen some improvement in myself. I have to remember where all the pieces are on the board; just being able to see them is not enough. While I'm crafting strategy or defending my king, I can't forget about the lone bishop in the corner of the board, waiting for the opportunity to strike.

Speaking of strategy, planning skills are invaluable, mainly in the execution of a plan in the face of obstacles. When I started playing again at the start of the semester, I found myself crafting plans and then throwing them out the window constantly. This was a huge mistake that I made over and over again. Executing a plan doesn't necessarily mean that it will be executed as-is, quite the opposite. It means adapting it as the game progresses to eventually reach the desired outcome. In chess specifically, it also means forcing my opponent to make defensive moves, opening up the board for my own offensive strategy.

So, yes, research supports my initial assumption that chess improves focus, among other cognitive functions. But there's some caveats. The research that I have found does not seem conclusive. Testing for this kind of thing is complicated, and the result can get muddied easily.

Also, for me to really get the full benefits that I'm looking for, I have to play a lot, very deliberately (meaning not just playing for fun). I would have to have dedicated practice sessions very regularly for the benefits to really become pronounced. My thinking is that the improvements that I've seen in myself can be attributed to something akin to "newbie gains," which I'm adopting from exercise terminology.

I apologize for such a long post, but there's so much to say when it comes to researching chess. Applying what I've learned has been difficult, but rewarding. I'm excited to share my progress in a future post. (hint: I've won a few times against real players. What a rush!)

[calamity-unlocked]

My favorite professor just published a paper in the world's foremost psychology journal (and it's even open access!) and I feel like a proud mom, just showing her son's macaroni art to anyone who happens to be nearby.

Only said macaroni art is a complicated cognitive psycological experiment that is written in scientific language and aimed at psychologists with a basic knowledge of the field. So showing it to people has been met with polite but happy confusion so far.

[jcsmicasereports]

In Hindsight, A Deafening Diagnosis by Ecler Jaqua in Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences

Abstract

Dizziness is a common presentation to the outpatient, primary care physician. Its persistence, associated with hearing changes, should prompt further evaluation for more rare diagnoses such as an acoustic neuroma. Although not malignant, timely management of an acoustic neuroma is essential to prevent chronic facial paresthesia, pain, or taste disturbance, and more rarely death.

CASE PRESENTATION

This is a sample text. You can click on it to edit it inline or open the element options to access additional options for this element.

A 34-year-old female presents to the primary care physician with a 2-week history of fatigue, generalized headache, intermittent right-sided tinnitus, and dizziness that started abruptly after a dental procedure. Tinnitus is high-pitched and most often noted in the morning. The dizziness occurs mainly when changing from a supine to seated position. She has no pertinent medical history, engages in regular cardiovascular exercise but is plagued with an addiction to coffee, approximately 3 cups a day. She denies taking any medications or over-the-counter supplements.

Physical exam, including vital signs and orthostatic blood pressure measurement, is unremarkable. Differential diagnoses included benign positional vertigo and caffeine-induced headache. Plan was to obtain an audiogram, keep a headache diary, decrease caffeine consumption, and improve hydration on days of exercise.

While awaiting the audiogram, the patient presented again to her primary care physician for worsening fatigue and self-diagnosed anxiety, in addition to her stable dizziness, tinnitus, and headache. Physical exam was, once again, unremarkable. Differential diagnoses were expanded to include anemia, thyroid disorder, and vestibular migraine. Plan was to trial sumatriptan and begin laboratory evaluation for her fatigue and hair loss. Labs were unremarkable for anemia, electrolyte or vitamin imbalance, and thyroid disorder.

Almost one year later, the patient returns with persistent symptoms of fatigue, anxiety, tinnitus, dizziness, and intermittent headaches. She reports that her symptoms were overwhelming and affected all aspects of her life, not relieved with the sumatriptan. Physical exam, once again, was unremarkable. Differential diagnoses were again expanded to include Meniere’s disease, intracranial mass, and somatization disorder. Plan was to obtain the previously ordered audiogram, non-urgent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her brain, and consultations with Psychology for coping techniques and Otolaryngology for her tinnitus and dizziness.

THE DIAGNOSIS

The audiogram was notable for asymmetric hearing loss (Fig 1) and subsequent imaging with MRI Brain confirmed the diagnoses of a 5mm intracanalicular tumor, suggestive of acoustic neuroma (Fig 2). The patient was offered proton therapy but elected for definitive, surgical intervention with Neurosurgery. She underwent translabyrinthine resection of the intracanalicular acoustic neuroma. Her postoperative course was complicated by facial weakness but resolved after one year. Follow-up imaging confirmed complete tumor resection and she continues to do well two years after surgery, without recurrence of the acoustic neuroma.

THE DISCUSSION

Headaches, dizziness, and tinnitus are challenging concerns because the differential diagnoses are quite broad. In this case, since the patient presents often, the symptoms were more likely to be acute and the more common diagnoses of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, vestibular migraine, and caffeine-induced headache were considered. As the symptoms became more persistent, the clinician correctly broadened the differential diagnoses list and requested the appropriate imaging and specialty follow-up.

This patient’s diagnosis, a right-sided acoustic neuroma, was delayed by poor follow-up and procrastination in obtaining the audiogram.  Fortunately, the acoustic neuroma is a slow-growing, benign tumor that develops from schwannoma cells along the branches of cranial nerve VIII, the vestibulocochlear nerve.1 Acoustic neuroma is also known as vestibular neuroma or schwannoma, most commonly affecting individuals between 65 and 74 years old with a prevalence of 1 in 100,000.2,3,4 The most common risk factor is having a history of neurofibromatosis type 2 or exposure to high-dose radiation.5 Increased prevalence, over the last several years, has been attributed to advanced imaging technology.3 Although it is a slow-growing tumor, its growth can compresses the facial and trigeminal nerves causing facial paresthesia, pain, and taste disturbance.6 Rarely, the tumor can compress the brainstem and cause death.6,7 It can be monitored for growth or treated with radiation and/or surgery.

THE TAKEAWAY

Unfortunately, the etiology of patients’ concerns cannot always be determined. But, it should be the responsibility of the primary care physician to evaluate potentially life-threatening conditions for persistent symptoms. This case demonstrates balancing the common with the uncommon differential diagnoses and illustrates the patient’s role in adherence to the treatment plan. Although headaches, dizziness, and tinnitus are non-specific symptoms, the persistence of them should warrant further investigation with more advanced imaging and specialty consultation.

[skydaemon]

Science Says People (Specifically Kids) Are Good, Actually

okay i just rediscovered the link to one of my favourite studies ever and i wanted to share it with the class.

Koomen, R., Grueneisen, S., & Herrmann, E. (2020). Children Delay Gratification for Cooperative Ends. Psychological Science, 31(2), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619894205

(it's behind a paywall, but if you can't access and you're interested i have the pdf)

This study modified the marshmallow test, where kids are asked to hold off on eating one marshmallow in order to get another one later. The study used children from Germany and Kenya, with localised treats that were familiar to the kids. 70 of the children were paired up interdependently - each pair would only get the second treat if they both held off eating the first. 69 (nice) were paired up dependently - they each thought that they were the only one of the two who had to avoid eating the treat, and 68 were doing the test as normal.

The interdependent kids were significantly better at the test than those doing the test normally - cooperation (the idea that they were doing this for AND with a friend) had a significant positive effect on their willpower ! The dependent kids were also better at the test than the solo ones - showing that children can delay gratification better when they're doing it for a friend - but not as much as the interdependent ones. Even though they knew that they were the only ones who had to hold out, the fact that they weren't doing it with a friend meant they didn't have that amazing boost of willpower. (there are small cultural differences here between the Kenyan and German children, but the overall interdependence effect holds.)

From the discussion: "Delaying gratification is often critical for cooperation to succeed. Here, 5- to 6-year-olds from two highly distinct cultures were more likely to delay gratification when their outcomes were interdependently linked than when they performed the same task alone, even though the interdependent context entailed additional risks. These findings support the notion that human cooperative relations, particularly social interdependence, critically shape cognitive performance from an early age."

i just find this study so heartening, because it's truly applicable throughout life. if you've ever done something for a friend that you couldn't do for yourself, that's this effect! our reliance on others (and their reliance on us) is hugely beneficial for ourselves and for society - how nice is that?

Similar studies:

this one again shows increased willpower in kids for the good of others !

this one shows how kids begin to give more to people that need it

this one found that kids as young as three show altruistic behaviour when it comes to the present, and by five they've developed altruism for future events !

this study found that by the age of 8, children will reject unfairness EVEN WHEN IT BENEFITS THEM !!

in summary i love people and i love children and we are all built kind it is our duty to make sure as many people as possible stay that way

[rachellaurengray]

Exploring Pendulums: An Insight into Their Use and Effectiveness

Inspired by a recent question from a client, this post explores the world of pendulums—those intriguing tools that swing from a chain and offer answers through their movements. In the midst of exploring this topic, I’m reminded of my own journey with pendulums, which started quite unexpectedly.

A Personal Journey with Pendulums

A few years ago, I was given a pendulum as a gift by a close friend who was deeply interested in metaphysical practices. At first, I was skeptical. It seemed too simplistic to provide meaningful insights. But one evening, feeling a bit lost about a personal decision, I decided to give it a try. To my surprise, the pendulum's responses were not only clear but also resonated deeply with me. That experience sparked a fascination with this tool, prompting me to explore its use further and understand how it might be working.

What Is a Pendulum?

A pendulum is a simple divination tool consisting of a weight suspended from a chain or string. When held still, the pendulum can swing freely. Users ask the pendulum questions and interpret its movements to gain insights or answers. The pendulum's movements can be classified into different directions, typically representing "yes," "no," or "maybe."

How to Use a Pendulum

Cleansing: Before use, it's essential to cleanse the pendulum to remove any negative or residual energies. This can be done through various methods such as running it under water, placing it in sunlight, or using smoke from sage or incense.

Programming: Programming involves setting intentions and establishing a connection between the user and the pendulum. Hold the pendulum and clearly state what each direction or movement represents. This step ensures that both the user and the pendulum are aligned in their communication.

Asking Questions: Formulate clear and specific questions to avoid ambiguity. Hold the pendulum still and ask your question. Observe the pendulum's movements and interpret them based on the programming you established.

Is the Pendulum a Legitimate Tool for Divination?

The effectiveness of pendulums as divination tools is often debated. Here are a few perspectives:

Psychological Influence: Some experts suggest that pendulum movements can be attributed to the ideomotor effect, where subtle unconscious movements by the user influence the pendulum. This explanation posits that the pendulum reflects the user's subconscious thoughts rather than an external source of guidance.

Energetic Connection: Others believe that pendulums work by tapping into a higher or universal consciousness. They argue that the pendulum acts as a conduit, allowing the user to access information beyond their immediate awareness.

Personal Experience: For many users, the pendulum's effectiveness is validated by personal experience. If a user finds consistent and meaningful answers, it reinforces their belief in the tool's validity. Personal intuition and interpretation play a significant role in this perspective.

Tips for Effective Use

Practice Regularly: The more you use the pendulum, the more familiar you will become with its movements and the nuances of interpreting them.

Trust Your Intuition: Pendulums often work best when the user trusts their intuition and remains open to the information received.

Document Your Results: Keeping a journal of your pendulum sessions can help track accuracy and provide insights into your own interpretative process.

Pendulums can be a valuable addition to your divination practices, offering a unique way to access insights and guidance. Whether viewed through the lens of psychological influence or energetic connection, their effectiveness often comes down to personal belief and experience. By understanding the mechanics behind their use and remaining open to different interpretations, you can better integrate pendulums into your spiritual or intuitive practices.

Reflecting on my own initial skepticism and subsequent experiences, I’ve come to appreciate the pendulum not just as a tool, but as a gateway to deeper self-discovery. For those exploring pendulums for the first time or seeking to deepen their understanding, this tool can be a fascinating journey into personal insight and intuitive growth.