#neoproterozoic

[daily-prehistoric]

Earths timeline part 1 (in order top to bottom and colour coded)

Master post (of earths timeline), Part 2

Precambrian

Hadean eon (4.6 - 4.031 billion years ago)

Archaeozoic/Archean eon (4.031 - 2.5 billion years ago)

Eoarchean era (4 - 3.6 billion years ago) Paleoarchean era (3.6 - 3.2 billion years ago) Mesoarchean era (3.2 - 2.8 billion years ago) Neoarchean era (2.8 - 2.5 billion years ago)

Proterozoic eon (2.5 billion - 541 million years ago)

Paleoproterozoic era (2.5 - 1.6 billion years ago) Siderian period (2.5 - 2.3 billion years ago) Rhyacian period (2.3 - 2.05 billion years ago) Orosirian period (2.05 - 1.8 billion years ago) Statherian period (1.8 - 1.6 billion years ago) Mesoproterozoic era (1.6 - 1 billion years ago) Calymmian period (1.6 - 1.4 billion years ago) Ectasian period (1.4 - 1.2 billion years ago) Stenian period (1.2 - 1 billion years ago) Neoproterozoic era (1 billion - 538.8 million years ago) Tonian period (1 billion - 720 million years ago) Cryogenian period (720 - 635 million years ago) Ediacaran period (635 - 538.8 million years ago)

Postcambrian

Phanerozoic Eon (538.8 million years ago - current)

Paleozoic era (538.8 - 252 million years ago) Cambrian period (538.8 - 485.4 million years ago) Terreneuvian epoch (538.8 - 509 million years ago) Fortunian (538.8 - 529 million years ago) Stage 2 (529 - 521 million years ago) Series 2 (521 - 509 million years ago) Stage 3 (521 - 514 million years ago) Stage 4 (514 - 509 million years ago) Miaolingian epoch (509 - 497 million years ago) Wuliuan (509 - 504.5 million years ago) Drumian (504.5 - 500.5 million years ago) Guzhangian (500.5 - 497 million years ago) Furongian epoch (497 - 485.4 million years ago) Paibian (497 - 494 million years ago) Jiangshania (494 - 489.5 million years ago) Stage 10 (489.5 - 485.4 million years ago) Ordovician period (485.4 - 443.8 million years ago) Early Ordovician (485.4 - 470 million years ago) Tremadocian (485.4 - 477.7 million years ago) Floian (477.7 - 470 million years ago) Middle Ordovician (470 458.4 million years ago) Dapingian (470 - 467.3 million years ago) Darriwilian (467.3 - 458.4 million years ago) Upper Ordovician (458.4 - 443.8 million years ago) Sandbian (458.4 - 453 million years ago) Katian (453 - 445.2 million years ago) Hirnantian (445.2 - 443.8 million years ago) Silurian period (443.8 - 419.2 million years ago) Llandovery Epoch (443.8 - 433.4 million years ago) Rhuddanian (443.8 - 440.8 million years ago) Aeronian (440.8 - 438.5 million years ago) Telychian (438.5 - 433.4 million years ago) Ludlow (427.4 - 423 million years ago) Gorstian (427.4 - 425.6 million years ago) Ludfordian (425.6 - 423 million years ago) Pridoli (423 - 419.2 million years ago) Devonian period (419.2 - 358.9 million years ago) Early Devonian (419.2 - 393.3 million years ago) Lochkovian Stage (419.2 - 410.8 million years ago) Pragian (410.8 - 407.6 million years ago) Emsian (407.6 - 393.3 million years ago) Middle Devonian (393.3 - 382.7 million years ago) Eifelian (393.3 - 387.7 million years ago) Givetian (387.7 - 382.7 million years ago) Upper Devonian (382.7 - 358.9 million years ago) Frasnian (382.7 - 372.2 million years ago) Famennian (372.2 - 358.9 million years ago) Carboniferous period (358.9 - 298.9 million years ago) Mississippian (358.9 - 323.2 million years ago) Tournaisian (358.9 - 346.7 million years ago) Viséan (346.7 - 330.9 million years ago) Serpukhovian (330.9 - 323.2 million years ago) Pennsylvanian (323.2 - 298.9 million years ago) Bashkirian (323.2 - 315.2 million years ago) Moscovian (315.2 - 307 million years ago) Kasimovian (307 - 303.7 million years ago) Gzhelian (303.7 - 298.9 million years ago) Permian period (298.9 - 251.902 million years ago) Cisuralian (298.9 - 272.95 million years ago) Asselian (298.9 - 295 million years ago) Sakmarian (295 - 290.1 million years ago) Artinskian (290.1 - 283.5 million years ago) Kungurian (283.5 - 272.95 million years ago) Guadalupian (272.95 - 259.1 million years ago) Roadian (272.95 - 268.8 million years ago) Wordian (268.8 - 265.1 million years ago) Capitanian (265.1 - 259.1 million years ago) Lopingian (259.1 - 251.902 million years ago) Wuchiapingian (259.1 - 254.14 million years ago) Changhsingian (254.14 - 251.902 million years ago)

(Part 2, Mesozoic onward)

[katborg82]

At the start of the Neoproterozoic, the first animals would emerge, and after surviving another series of ice ages, we would see the first complex life, although for now it is still very simple and seemingly alien. It is still a subject of debate how these creatures fit into the tree of life. Are they the earliest ancestors of modern life? Are they simply an entirely separate branch that died off after this period? Scientists still aren't sure. I may do a separate post about the bizarre fauna of the Ediacaran period.

At this point we're already around 4 billion years into the story of Earth, with only about 500 million years to the present. Tomorrow we will be exploring a whole new eon.

[gwydpolls]

Time Travel Question 48: Early Modernish and Earlier 3

These Questions are the result of suggestions a the previous iteration.This category may include suggestions made too late to fall into the correct earlier time grouping. In some cases a culture lasted a really long time and I grouped them by whether it was likely the later or earlier grouping made the most sense with the information I had. (Invention ofs tend to fall in an earlier grouping if it's still open. Ones that imply height of or just before something tend to get grouped later, but not always. Sometimes I'll split two different things from the same culture into different polls because they involve separate research goals or the like).

Please add new suggestions below if you have them for future consideration. All cultures and time periods welcome.

[spacenutspod]

SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 119 *Australian Crater Offers Fresh Insights into Earth's History Scientists have uncovered a potential 600-kilometre-wide crater in Australia's outback, which could revolutionise our understanding of Earth's geological past. This discovery, presented at the 37th International Geological Congress in South Korea, suggests the existence of Mapix, a massive Cambrian-Precambrian impact structure. The crater's unique characteristics could provide new insights into the geological and biological evolution of our planet. The study's authors have found significant geological evidence, including pseudotachylite breccia and shock minerals like lonsdaleite, supporting the age, size, and location of this impact structure. *Perseverance Rover Discovers Striped Rock on Mars NASA's Mars Perseverance rover has spotted an unusual black and white striped rock on the Red Planet. The discovery was made during the rover's exploration of the outer rim of Jezero Crater. The rock, named Freya Castle, has a striking pattern and is unlike anything previously observed on Mars. Early interpretations suggest that igneous and metamorphic processes could have created its distinctive stripes. This finding adds to the variety of intriguing rocks discovered by the rover, which could be among the oldest or youngest ever investigated on Mars. *Blue Origin's New Glenn Completes Second Stage Hot Fire Test Blue Origin's new heavy-lift rocket, the New Glenn, has successfully completed a hot fire test of its second stage booster. This critical test at Cape Canaveral's Space Launch Complex 36 marks a key step towards the rocket's inaugural test flight, scheduled for next month. The NG-1 mission will carry the prototype Blue Ring spacecraft, designed for refuelling, transporting, and hosting satellites. The 15-second hot fire test demonstrated the integrated operation of the vehicle's BE-3U engines and various subsystems, setting the stage for future missions. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. The discount and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch. Well worth a look.... Become a supporter of this podcast and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support. 00:00 - This is spacetime series 27 episode 119 for broadcast on 2 October 2024 00:49 - Scientists have discovered a possible crater stretching more than 600 kilometres across Australia's outback 02:54 - NASA's Mars Perseverance rover has discovered an unusual striped rock 05:46 - The Mars Perseverance rover is exploring ancient Martian rocks 10:59 - Researchers have found nanostructures around deep ocean hydrothermal vents 12:57 - 61% of Americans admit to self censoring, according to study 15:09 - Meta showing off their new Orion augmented reality glasses; Huawei releasing threefold phones 19:16 - Spacetime is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through various podcasting services

[haitianfrog]

Defend the great proletarian oxygenation event 🚩🫡 uphold Neoproterozoic thought ✊

[mapsontheweb]

200 million ya, Ireland and Scotland were a part of the same range as the Appalachian mountains, where, funny enough, the majority of Scottish and Irish emigrants settled in America.

from Evolution of the Rheic Ocean via u/MUNKIESS 

The Rheic Ocean, which separated Laurussia from Gondwana following the closure of Iapetus, is arguably the most important ocean of the Palaeozoic. Its suture extends from Mexico to Turkey and its closure produced the climactic Variscan–Alleghanian–Ouachita orogeny that assembled the supercontinent, Pangaea.Following protracted Cambrian rifting that represented a continuum from Neoproterozoic orogenic processes, the Rheic Ocean opened in the Early Ordovician with the separation of several Neoproterozoic arc terranes from the continental margin of northern Gondwana. 

Separation occurred along the line of a former Neoproterozoic suture following the onset of subduction in the outboard Iapetus Ocean. The timing of rift–drift transition and drive for subsequent spreading was likely governed by slab pull, accounting for the rapid rate (8–10 cm/yr) at which the Rheic Ocean widened.During the Ordovician, the ocean broadened at the expense of Iapetus and attained its greatest width (~ 4000 km) in the Silurian, by which time Baltica had sutured to Laurentia and the Neoproterozoic arc terranes had accreted to Laurussia, closing Iapetus in the process. 

Closure of the Rheic Ocean began in the Devonian and was facilitated by northward subduction beneath southern Baltica and southward subduction beneath northwest Gondwana. Closure was largely complete by the Mississippian as Gondwana and Laurussia sutured to build Pangaea, North Africa colliding with southern Europe to create the Variscan orogen in the Devonian–Carboniferous, and West Africa and South America suturing to North America to form the Alleghanian and Ouachita orogens, respectively, during the Carboniferous–Permian.The Rheic Ocean consequently plays a dominant role in the basement geology of southern Europe, in the Appalachian–Ouachita orogeny of North America, and in the Palaeozoic sedimentary, structural and tectonothermal record from Middle America to the Middle East. With its closure, the ocean brought about the assembly of Pangaea and brought the Palaeozoic Era to an end.

[alphynix]

Trilobozoans (also known as triradialomorphs) are some of the more enigmatic members of the Ediacaran biota. In the past their unique three-way-symmetrical body plan was interpreted as linking them to groups like sponges, cnidarians, or echinoderms, but currently they're considered to be their own weird little phylum with uncertain evolutionary affinities, classified no more specifically than "probably some sort of early eumetazoan animal".

Lobodiscus tribrachialis is a newly-described member of this mysterious lineage. It lived in warm shallow marine waters covering what is now Southwestern China, and with an age of around 546 million years it's currently the youngest known trilobozoan, extending the group's time range by several million years.

About 3.7cm in diameter (~1.5"), it had the characteristic trilobozoan disc-shaped shield-like body, with a central depression surrounded by three triradially-symmetric lobes with branching ridges and grooves.

Its body would have been soft but fairly rigid, and it's not clear if it was capable of moving over the seafloor or if it had a more static lifestyle. Like its relative Tribrachidium it was probably a filter feeder, with the grooves on its surface directing water flow towards the central depression – and this surface ornamentation may also have been covered with cilia that actively caught and transported suspended food particles.

———

NixIllustration.com | Tumblr | Patreon

References:

Ivantsov, A. Yu, and M. A. Zakrevskaya. "Trilobozoa, Precambrian tri-radial organisms." Paleontological Journal 55 (2021): 727-741. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030121070066

Ivantsov, Andrey, Aleksey Nagovitsyn, and Maria Zakrevskaya. "Traces of locomotion of Ediacaran macroorganisms." Geosciences 9.9 (2019): 395. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9090395

Hall, C. M. S., et al. "The short-lived but successful tri-radial body plan: a view from the Ediacaran of Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 67.6 (2020): 885-895. https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2018.1472666

Rahman, Imran A., et al. "Suspension feeding in the enigmatic Ediacaran organism Tribrachidium demonstrates complexity of Neoproterozoic ecosystems." Science Advances 1.10 (2015): e1500800. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500800

Zhao, Mingsheng, et al. "A putative triradial macrofossil from the Ediacaran Jiangchuan Biota." Iscience 27.2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.108823

Wikipedia contributors. “Lobodiscus.” Wikipedia, 29 Mar. 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobodiscus

Wikipedia contributors. “Trilobozoa.” Wikipedia, 10 Mar. 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilobozoa

[jittersbitters]

I had to break out my final paper for this because this is my favorite part of Biology.

It's is called the Mitochondrial Theory. The DNA of a Mitochondria is purely maternal and, therefore can only be traced back through your mother's side. It is self-replicating, independent of the other organelle replication during the S stage (Synthesize) of the cell life right before division (mitosis/meiosis). It copies itself continuously to keep the cell's power and water levels balanced (isotonic). Plants have a secondary version of mitochondria called a chloroplast.

I'm calling it a secondary version because how it became a part of our cells to evolve into us one day is the same as mitochondria. The only difference is that chloroplasts uniquely perform photosynthesis (and its GREEN) Plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria because of their simple energy sources (water, sunlight, fertile soil).

Hazard Symbols were right when they said they were their own domain, but to me, that only scratches the surface of our cells and their evolution from pre-Cambrian history (creation of our solar system).

I'll use these paragraphs from my paper to explain:

After balancing earth's atmosphere and perfecting the ATP production of proto-bacteria, one day an archaea cell, most similar to Aagard Achaea, 'consumed' its bacterial cousin, alphaproteobacteria, and enslaved it for future generation for its efficient ATP production. The first merger of the two Domains was with a with aerobic mitochondria, creating animal simple cells as we know them today, while the second merger added chloroplasts, creating the green plants. From this, came the next expansion of life as the Eukarya domain was made and the first primitive Eukaryotic cells started to populate earth. These basic cells populated the thermally heated ground around underwater vents slowly from the glaciation and the Great Oxidation event during the Neoarchean (last Archaen Era) - Paleoproterozoic (First Era of the Proterozoic Eon) boundary.  

This first multi-cellular life that originated on this earth is the still debated 'Francevillian biota', a collection of 2.1-billion-year-old Palaeoproterozoic macroscopic structures. After this new life was also the expansion into the creation of fungi. Fungi diverged from other life around 1.5 billion years ago, with the glomaleans branching from the "higher fungi" at ~570 million years ago. This took up the Mesoproterozoic - Neoproterozoic era conjunction and most of the ending periods the Proterozoic Eon. These ending periods both were the catalyst and backbone for the Cryogenian period (1), which in turn set off the Cambrian Expansion (2).

(1) The Cryogenian is a geologic period that lasted from 720 to 635 million years ago. It is the second of the three periods of the Neoproterozoic era, preceded by the Tonian and followed by the Ediacaran. The Cryogenian was a time of drastic climate changes. After the long environmental stability/stagnation, this glaciation froze the entire planet in a state of severe icehouse climate known as a snowball Earth. After 70 million years it ended, but was quickly followed by another global ice age, the Marinoan glaciation. There is controversy over whether these glaciations indeed covered the entire planet, or whether a band of open sea survived near the equator (i.e. "slushball Earth"), but the extreme climates with massive expanse of ice sheets blocking off sunlight would nevertheless have significantly hindered primary production in the shallow seas and caused major mass extinctions and biosphere turnovers. 

(2) The Cambrian explosion  is an interval of time beginning approximately 538.8 million years ago in the Cambrian period of the early Paleozoic, when a sudden radiation of complex life occurred and practically all major animal phyla started appearing in the fossil record. It lasted for about 13 to 25 million years and resulted in the divergence of most modern metazoan phyla. B 

If you want more information, check out my paper:

Chaos and Order - Copy.docx

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Australian crater could offer fresh insight into Earth’s geological history

A probable crater stretching more than 370 miles, or 600 kilometers, across the heart of Australia could reshape our understanding of Earth’s geological history.

Researcher Daniel Connelly and Virginia Commonwealth University’s Arif Sikder, Ph.D., believe they have found evidence to support the existence of MAPCIS – the Massive Australian Precambrian-Cambrian Impact Structure -– which is a nonconcentric complex crater that could provide new insights into the geological and biological evolution of our planet.

“Working on the MAPCIS project has been an incredible journey,” said Sikder, an associate professor in the Center for Environmental Studies, a unit of VCU Life Sciences. “The data we’ve gathered offers a unique glimpse into the forces that have shaped our planet, and I’m excited about the future research this discovery will inspire.”

This month, Connelly will make a presentation in Anaheim, California, at Connects 2024, the Geological Society of America’s annual meeting. In August, he presented at the 37th International Geological Congress 2024 in Busan, South Korea. According to researchers, the impact occurred at the end of the Ediacaran period, within the Neoproterozoic Era, which spans from 1 billion to 538.8 million years ago.

Among the geological evidence they have uncovered to support the age, size and location of the impact are massive deposits of pseudotachylite breccia, or melt rock, near the crater center. The researchers found shocked minerals, including lonsdaleite, or shocked diamond, in the deposits, along with impact level amounts of iridium.

“The discovery of MAPCIS is a testament to the power of collaborative research,” Connelly said. “Our findings not only highlight the significance of this impact structure but also open new avenues for understanding Earth’s geological past.”

[tanakabroderik]

なんか外 夕方みたいになってきた? まだ14時前なのに

[cherenkovs]

this fucking thing

[sakuraswordly]

@POETICandFUNNY: The story of the gömböc begins with a brilliant mathematician named Vladimir Arnold, who proved in 1995 that such a shape could exist. He did not make it or see it. He just knew it was possible, because he was good at math. He wrote down his proof and showed it to other smart people, who nodded and agreed. But nobody knew how to make this shape. Nobody knew what it looked like. Nobody knew if they would ever find it in the real world. That’s where two Hungarian engineers, Gábor Domokos and Péter Várkonyi, came in. They were fascinated by Arnold’s proof and decided to take on the challenge of finding the exact formula for the shape. They used computers and calculators and lots of paper to solve the puzzle. They named it the gömböc, after a word for a round dumpling, because they liked dumplings.

Ancient diamonds hold the secrets of how continents evolved Diamonds found in Brazil and Western Africa reveal the history of an ancient supercontinent. The secrets of how continents grew and moved throughout the early history of life on Earth have been revealed by the analysis of ancient, superdeep diamonds discovered in mines in Brazil and Western Africa. Tracing the complex history of the ancient supercontinent Gondwana These diamonds developed at the foundation of the supercontinent Gondwana between 650 and 450 million years ago. Supercontinents are large landmasses that are formed when many continents combine to form a single, massive location. Gondwana is one of the most notable ancient supercontinents. It existed from the Neoproterozoic to the Cenozoic era and included the landmasses that now make up South America, Africa, Antarctica, India, Australia, and the Arabian Peninsula. Now, isotope analyses of the tiny silicate and sulphide inclusions in the diamonds have revealed how this supercontinent formed, stabilized, and moved around the planet. “Superdeep diamonds are extremely rare and we now know that they can tell us a lot about the whole process of continent formation,” said Dr Karen Smit of the Wits School of Geosciences, who was part of the study. “We wanted to date these diamonds to try and understand how the earliest continents formed.” Diamonds are one of the very rare minerals resistant enough to survive and witness the supercontinent cycle. The supercontinent cycle involves the recurring construction and dissolution of supercontinents over hundreds of millions of years. It is driven by the movement of tectonic plates, which are large sections of the Earth's lithosphere that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. When paired with current plate tectonic models of continent migration, geochemical analysis and dating of the diamonds revealed that the materials formed at extremely deep levels beneath Gondwana between 650 and 450 million years ago, when the supercontinent covered the South Pole, explained Smit. A complicated history that reveals the origins of ancient supercontinents Diamonds have travelled incredibly far both vertically and horizontally within the Earth, as evidenced by their complicated history, which can be used to trace both the origins of the supercontinent and the last stages of its evolution. What the researchers found was that host rocks containing the diamonds were added to the supercontinent's base, and Gondwana effectively "grew" from below. Violent volcanic eruptions then transported the diamonds to Earth's surface 90 million years ago, and with them the secrets of how Gondwana may have formed. “We need this type of research to understand how continents evolve and move. Without continents there wouldn’t be life. This research gives us insight into how continents form, and it links to how life evolved and what makes our planet, Earth, different from other planets,” concluded Smit. Smit is currently working at the University of the Witwatersrand where she is a member of a team creating a new isotope lab and procedures to eventually conduct diamond inclusion analysis in South Africa.

[mapsontheweb]

Continental drift: Europe continent from now to 200 mln years ago.

by Golova1111

Created in python using gplately (pygplates), matplotlib, cartopy

=== Used plate models: Merdith 2021 ==

Andrew Merdith. (2020). Plate model for 'Extending Full-Plate Tectonic Models into Deep Time: Linking the Neoproterozoic and the Phanerozoic ' (1.1b) [Data set] https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4485738

[tmurraywj]

Some future patch designs, hopefully.

[barbuletas]

Sensacional apenas 🔬🔨🔎 #cambrian #ediacaran #neoproterozoic #corumbella #corumbellawerneri #paleontology (em Instituto De Geociências - Ig)