#medicine in egypt

[edurizon-mbbsabroad]

Egypt has a rich history in medical education and offers several world-class medical colleges. These institutions have consistently produced some of the finest healthcare professionals, making them sought-after destinations for students worldwide.

[nullarysources]

Evidence of surgical tumor removal in ancient Egyptian skull is 'milestone in the history of medicine'

Mindy Weisberger for CNN:

Cancer is often regarded as a disease of the modern age. However, medical texts from ancient Egypt indicate that healers of the time were aware of the condition. Now, new evidence from a skull more than 4,000 years old has revealed that ancient Egyptian physicians may have tried to treat certain cancers with surgery.

The skull belonged to a man who was about 30 to 35 years old when he died, and it resides in the Duckworth Laboratory collection at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. Since the mid-19th century, scientists have studied the skull's scarred surface, including multiple lesions thought to represent bone damage from malignant tumors. Archaeologists regard the skull, labeled 236 in the collection, as one of the oldest examples of malignancy in the ancient world, dating back to between 2686 BC and 2345 BC.

But when researchers recently peered more closely at the tumor scars with a digital microscope and micro-computed tomography (CT) scans, they detected signs of cut marks around the tumors, suggesting that sharp metal instruments had been used to remove the growths. The scientists reported the findings Wednesday in the journal Frontiers in Medicine.

…

However, it's unknown whether the healers tried to remove the tumors while the patient was still alive, or if the tumors were removed after death, for analysis, Camarós told CNN.

Even ancient Egyptians agree: fuck a cancer

[ancientstuff]

I feel like I've posted on this before, but I can't find it. This really is awe-inspiring. And one of them is not from the Ptolemaic or Roman period, but the Old Kingdom.

[shewhoworshipscarlin]

Ointment jar from the tomb of Sithathoryunet, 1887BC-1813BC, Egypt.

[wormsngods]

When I was a kid I wanted to be a scientist, Doctor seems close enough. Feeling like I am so close to getting all I ever wanted. God willing He will show me mercy.

Finished a Hagiography of Baba Farid al Din Ganj i Shakar and found out that a British historian asserted that Baba Farid was a head or founder of the Thaggs which is curious considering how the jatt marauders he preached to would come to morph into the sikh faith and incorporate his writings into their scripture.

Started reading the Alexander Romance and absolutely loving it. Alexander in this is so quick to murder people he doesn't like and the narrative is beautiful.

I was supposed to pick my girlfriend and her sister for a study session in the park but her sister cancelled so we just chilled at my place and then at her university. Bought gifts for my niece's birthday tomorrow.

Completed notes for pharmacology.

Had a chat about how hectic the routine that Prophet Muhammad followed was and how instead of shying away at the idea of him having 13 wives maybe consider the fact that he managed to keep all of them happy when most men can't even keep themselves from destroying one. Also about how he once killed a man after having regained consciousness following a sword strike to his helmet. Truly anyone who knows him has to accept him as a prophet of the One True God.

[constantvariations]

thinking about the adam's red sclera you were talking about. if his aura is constantly trying to prevent it from getting worse, would someone with aura amp semblance like jaune be able to cure it? it wouldn't give him back his vision, but stop the chronic pain maybe?

it also gets me thinking about the fact that blake has chronic pain on her scar where he stabbed her (i cant recall where the chronic pain fact was mentioned nor implied, so i cant really tell if it's canon or fanon), which got talked about a lot back when the volume was out

In theory, I don't see why an Aura boost couldn't help cure an infection. It completely closed Weiss's injury and that was complete impalement open to the air! A true feast for bacteria. I imagine even modern doctors would struggle with a wound like that

Once again, though, we bump against the reality that a) Adam shouldn't have this infection after literal years. (6 years minimum if my math from the comics is right.) It should've either been healed or taken out to prevent more damage, and b) Auras aren't consistent throughout RWBY because the writers care more about Events than Story. In some cases, Aura will stand up to incredible amounts of force and others be shattered in a single hit, even with the same character! (Ex. Ghira in the v5 fight vs the ambush in the Adam short/Yang in pretty much any fight yet going down in a single hit from Neo in v8.) Scars are just another Event for the writers, story and logic be damned. (Seriously, how the fuck did Cinder lose both her arm and eye? I don't think the writers know. Or care.)

As for Blake's wound, that is 110% fanon. I have no idea how a stab just above the hip would lead to chronic pain. Perhaps in flashbacks or nightmares she would relive the pain, but unless there were complications with the healing (considering she was leaping on rooftops shortly after, this is not the case), that should be the only pain she gets. I can only hope someone made an ignorant mistake rather than deliberately foisting more suffering onto Blake just so Adam would look worse

[itsror9]

Help Ameer’s sister Afnan and their family survive!

Afnan’s dream is to go to medical school and become a doctor. The university she dreamed of attending is gone. In just the first 100 days, all 12 universities in Gaza were completely or partially destroyed by the occupation. Please read her message on the second graphic, then share and donate to help her achieve her dream in Egypt!

Afnan and Ameer’s family of 6 needs $1500 a month for basic necessities to survive. $55 would pay for one day of purchases! Prices continue to rise with the aggression, lack of aid, and increase demand due to violent, forced displacement to central Gaza. The cost to register their family for evacuation is at least $5000 per person! Funds are needed urgently before the crossing re-opens. And the longer it stays closed, the more funds families need to survive.

Make a meaningful donation now at bit.ly/afnanfund or by scanning the QR code. This is one of the simplest ways to make a potentially life-changing direct impact for families surviving genocide and the only way for them to meet their urgent survival goals.

Help us share on Instagram!

[wildmediterraneanman]

[bijoumikhawal]

like comedians, I think a lot of Egyptians would say less evil shit if they got smacked for it more often and knew that was on the table

[edurizon-mbbsabroad]

Discover the Top Medical Colleges in Egypt with Edurizon Pvt Ltd

Are you aspiring to become a medical professional and seeking the best medical colleges in Egypt ? Look no further! Edurizon Pvt Ltd is here to guide you through the process of choosing the right institution for your medical education.

Egypt has a rich history in medical education and offers several world-class medical colleges. These institutions have consistently produced some of the finest healthcare professionals, making them sought-after destinations for students worldwide.

Let's explore the top medical colleges in Egypt and the support that Edurizon Pvt Ltd can provide to ensure your academic success.

1. Cairo University Faculty of Medicine

Cairo University Faculty of Medicine is one of the most prestigious medical schools in Egypt. Known for its excellent faculty and advanced research facilities, it offers a comprehensive medical curriculum to its students. Edurizon Pvt Ltd can assist you in securing admission to this renowned institution and provide you with valuable guidance throughout your academic journey.

2. Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine

Ain Shams University's Faculty of Medicine is another top choice for medical education in Egypt. With a strong emphasis on research and practical training, this institution prepares students to excel in the medical field. Edurizon Pvt Ltd can help you navigate the admission process and ensure that you have all the necessary resources for success.

3. Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine

Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine is known for its commitment to providing high-quality medical education. With a focus on community health and patient care, it equips students with the skills needed to make a positive impact in healthcare. Edurizon Pvt Ltd can be your partner in securing a spot in this esteemed institution.

4. University of Mansoura Faculty of Medicine

The University of Mansoura Faculty of Medicine is known for its comprehensive medical programs and state-of-the-art research centers. Edurizon Pvt Ltd can guide you through the admission process, making your journey to this prestigious institution as smooth as possible.

5. Tanta University Faculty of Medicine

Tanta University's Faculty of Medicine is committed to producing highly skilled medical professionals. Its curriculum emphasizes hands-on training and clinical experience, making it a top choice for aspiring doctors. Edurizon Pvt Ltd can provide the support you need to become a part of this esteemed institution.

At Edurizon Pvt Ltd, we understand that choosing the right medical college is a crucial decision. Our team of experts is dedicated to helping you make informed choices, from selecting the right institution to navigating the application process. We are your trusted partner on your path to a successful medical career.

As you explore the top medical colleges in Egypt, let Edurizon Pvt Ltd be your guide. Contact us today to start your journey toward a rewarding medical education in Egypt's finest institutions. Your dream of becoming a healthcare professional is just a step away with our guidance and support.

Thanks & Regards

Edurizon , MBBS abroad Education Consultant in Delhi

[quornesha]

Australian King Parrot Prophecy And Symbolism

The Following Channel is from higher powers, Divine, the ancestral plane and is prophetic through Quornesha S. Lemon|

Whether the Australian King Parrot appears in dreams, visions, waking life or synchronicities, it is a sign and message that giants are about to fall. This will be in relation to a variety of areas in your life. You can expect miracles, blessings, joy and things coming together in just the right way. All things are possible now and all roads are opening. Things will begin to be reinstated, released, reconsidered, reversed, and revived. You will begin to see a miraculous turn around in situations that were allegedly dead. This can be in your finances, relationships, home life, a passion you may have or even in your health.

The Australian King Parrot is a sign that you are headed in the right direction(s) and whatever or whoever you need along your journey will come to you. You will find yourself praying and a solution will come. Asking and wishing for something and it will manifest. Things are turning around for you indeed. You will find yourself receiving the recognition you deserve. You will make a difference in the community you deserve. You’re in a good space within your life right now and no one will be allowed to disrupt it. Divine is the coauthor of your story, and no one else can write it for you. You have been doing a great job with standing up for yourself in the spirit and naturally.

Your discernment is very strong and your truth is emerging. The table of adversity is changing, what/who laughed at you will now grieve. What celebrated your fears/failures will now see you succeed. You are being released from decades old curses, generationally speaking and as of late. You may have gifts such as intercession, exorcism, healing, seeing/sensing/sight, and the like. Some very “powerful people” are about to fall. Over the coming days, weeks and months you will find yourself showing your powers in a dream. Miracles are about to take place to you and for you. Everything you need, will arrive, in its perfect place. New is entering your life, and your business/career will succeed. Success is guaranteed to you now, but you’ve got to stay the course, and not give in to any distractions.

You are on the path to wealth and healing. You can see through people, and the realm of spirit is becoming very transparent to you. Angels and the lesser are becoming very prevalent to you, if not now, soon. Your sight is beyond the physical. Ancestry is very important, as this dictates health, psychological as well as the gifts and talents. You can always heal and tap into your own lineage. Whatever you’re doing right now, business wise, it’s going to be big. And it’s YOUR turn. The Australian King Parrot is symbolic of using your voice, your authority, and gifts. It is also a message that your feet will touch foreign lands, and that you will be in rooms where you will influence and pivot the energy as you enter.

This message isn't, obviously resonant with all whose paths it crosses, as perhaps you may encounter someone of this vernacular, mastery or skill. Therefore, it is a sign from the universe that you're meant to work with such a person. 

Need further clarity or your own queries answered? Book your own reading as my schedule is full and I do not guarantee a reply on social media regarding this post.

If this is not you, then it is time to get clear to rejoin your tribe or the rest of the world of infinite beings. It's time to bring your light to the forefront. However, if you aren't able to invoke, heal or otherwise on your own, call on the assistance of shamans, healers, intuitive people, etc. to assist you. This synchronicity can possibly have specific meanings for you, it's time to get insight. 

The Gift that Quornesha Has can never be duplicated, She is a Shaman, Writer, Healer,  And Teacher with incredible prophetic/healing gifts. Please do not infringe upon her rights as the author. You are not permitted to reuse, nor are you to sale as you wish. This information has been made available to you for the purpose of introduction and demonstration. All rights reserved. If you'd like to use this in a magazine, online publication, or other, please ask for permission first. Legal actions will be taken if you proceed to impose. Be blessed, bless others and be at peace on your journey. What you do is coming back on you. Make sure that it is good, and all is well within you, through you and around you.  The source sees all and knows what you think it does not.  Photo credit:

[aboutanancientenquiry]

A very informative text of neurosurgeon and historian of science Pr. Alexander Brawanski on the Edwin Smith Papyrus and more generally on ancient Egyptian medicine - II

"Treatment concepts, magic, and science

The ancient physicians had a specific and rather sophisticated pathophysiological concept of (internal) diseases [33], which unfortunately complies with little of the actual inner workings of the body as we understand them today. They assumed some type of circulatory system, which included the heart and in which bad substances could accumulate and circulate. Furthermore, an elaborated materia medica was available with sophisticated application methods. Some of the applied drugs were effective [34–36]. This knowledge was acquired over the centuries by trial and error and finally led to the high esteem of the medical profession in the ancient world [37]. Part of this knowledge has survived in several larger medical papyri and many fragments [18], a textual corpus of which the ESP constitutes only a minor fraction.

As has often been observed by students, the anatomical descriptions in the ESP are clear, descriptive, and sometimes unique. One of the classics is the comparison of the surface of the (injured) brain to molten copper (case 6). However, the general anatomical knowledge was limited; sometimes it is nicknamed “kitchen” or slaughterhouse anatomy [38] because much of the information seems to be derived from the slaughterhouse indeed. An example is the uterus, which is represented hieroglyphically as the uterus bicornutus, which is not present in human beings. In this context, the question is unresolved as to whether at the time of the ESP the embalmers’ knowledge was used by physicians and whether they were two strictly separated professions. According to Ghalioungui, there were individuals bearing the title of physician who very likely could have been embalmers as well [25]. In the later period of Egyptian history, the Egyptian title for physician could mean both. Some information that is presented in the ESP related to spinal injuries does suggest, however, that there must have been an exchange of information between these groups [7]. Otherwise, some descriptions of spinal injuries in the ESP could not be described in such detail.

Besides all this, the ancient Egyptian physicians firmly believed in supernatural forces such as demons, undead persons (Widergänger), and divine influences as causes of illnesses and consequently treated them by magicical rituals. The less obvious the cause of a disease, the more common was magic [39, 40]! Magic and practical medicine were not different or contradictory to physicians. This differentiation is artificial and was introduced by modern medical historians [41]. The ancients often used magical spells to enhance the effectivity of medical applications, and often magic alone. Thus, there is a significant number of magical spells in other important medical papyri [42]. All this is not so necessary in the ESP, as the causes of the wounds and the injuries are well known, thus showing the “rational” approach, which exemplifies the strength of these ancient societies: The collection of information and facts and the classification of this information. This complies with the “organizational principle” that ruled these societies and without which they could not exist or survive. The ancient Egyptians had available lists of birds, countries, and even objects of daily life [43]. They used them for reference and education. The major intent of these lists was to classify and thus structure the world in order to cope with it. Knowledge meant power. Therefore, the knowledge of the physicians often was called “secret” and was not available to everyone, provided he could read at all.

This classification principle is perfectly exemplified in the ESP. The single cases are arranged from the top to bottom of the body. This may seem natural per se, but this structural principle again had a religious background. We know of litanies of Gliedervergottung (deification of members of the body) [44, 45] that have the same order. Here we come to another important point, namely that medicine was deeply rooted in the divine realm. The relevant documents were stored in the temples; education as well as treatment took place there. Some of the physicians may have been priests as well, and a specific type of priest also could magically treat patients [46] to some extent. All this explains why magic was a firm component of medical practice. Specifically in prescriptions with magic components, patients were often addressed as and equated with the god Horus, who was helped by his mother Isis.

In this context, we come to the major driving force of ancient Egyptian thought. All (official) activities had to follow one major principle that traverses all ancient Egyptian behavior: the universal order of the world—“Maat”—which kept the world running. It had to be preserved by all means because it was threatened every day. This fact sets Egyptian medicine in the proper position and environment in this society. According to Egyptian belief, ancient “objects” with a long tradition underpinned the validity of this concept. Thus, we can find the statement in medical texts “that the text is a copy of an ancient papyrus found in a chest by chance” [47] and thus must be qualitatively good, because otherwise it would have perished. Ancient Egyptian society wanted stability and no abrupt changes. This can be seen very well in ancient Egyptian art, which did not change in its basic principles throughout the existence of ancient Egypt. Once a reasonable solution to a problem was achieved, it was preserved, and one did not necessarily look for other solutions. This complies well with the ESP, which was copied around 1600 BCE, but stems from a much older document according to the language of this papyrus [1].

This does not mean that there was no progress at all or that no variety of approaches existed. In the medical literature, there are significant variants in the selection and applications of drugs [40]. Even foreign treatments were accepted in the medical canon [42, 48, 49]. However, over time there was little obvious significant change. Due to this general attitude of ancient Egyptian society and due to the close connection of medicine to the divine, science in the modern sense was not possible and possibly not even thought of. One did not experiment with religious issues and endanger the general world order. The ancient Greeks were the first to question the divine influence on diseases in the seventh century BCE. Obviously this society was open to these questions [50]. However, even at the time when Hippocrates was active, the Asclepiads still recommended treatment in the temples and help from the gods [51].

The individual patient

Now the fate of the individual patient should be examined in reference to the cases described in the ESP.

One of the major issues seems to have been to establish a proper prognosis that determined the further procedures. This may sound astonishing at first. However, it is understandable when we regard this from the viewpoint of a major organization. This was nothing other than triage, which makes even more sense in the context of limited treatment options (see below). The verdict/prognosis was written in red in the ESP, which underlines its importance. This method is not unusual as we can still find this approach in ancient Greek medicine (1,000 years later). Here the major issue was also determining the prognosis [52]. Actually, the authority and credibility of an ancient Greek physician depended to a large extent on establishing a fast and proper prognosis [53].

It is important to note that the Egyptian physicians did not give a single disease name in the ESP, but an enumeration of symptoms. This is a relevant fact, as a “single-word” diagnosis usually implies a coherent pathophysiological concept that each physician understands. Thus, for modern physicians the concept of diabetes includes various aspects that do not have to be enumerated each time. However, a loose collection of symptoms rather constitutes a syndrome, in the best medical sense, which does not necessarily imply an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. We would for instance summarize some of the injuries in the ESP (e.g., cases 18–20) as cranial base fractures. To any modern physician, this term would mean a specific injury with variable severity depending on the location and strength of the impact. Thus, a physician would rather summarize the single cases under one heading. Similarly, the last case (case 48) in the ESP deals with lower back pain. Several symptoms are enumerated. From a modern point of view, this could indicate several diagnoses, such as a tumor, a slipped disc, or a simple joint problem. The ancient Egyptian physician gave a “syndromatic” description from which a final modern diagnosis can hardly be developed, as relevant information is missing. Thus, often a definitive modern diagnosis cannot be made simply because of the lack of specific information in the ESP. This is not a denigration of the ancient Egyptian medical art, which was quite sophisticated despite their limited knowledge, but we have to know what we can take for granted.

In addition, we have to be clear that the treatment options in the ESP are very limited. Most of them are supportive in the best sense, but hardly any of them are curative. One exception may be the readjustment of a dislocated jaw (case 25). The same holds true to some extent for the relocation of a broken collarbone (cases 34–35). Here, the outer contour is readjusted; however, the fracture is still there with all its implications for malfunctioning of the adjacent joint (shoulder). Besides this, some treatment suggestions are clearly detrimental to the patient. In case 28, an injury of the esophagus is obviously described. The physician recommended a closure of the superficial wound without further inspection of the deeper layers of the injury. This patient would definitely die from the sequelae of a mediastinitis, which is still a severe disease today. One may muse about the fact that the physician recommended a superficial closure of the wound in this case. Clearly the outflow of water should be mended. The guiding principle was obviously the restoration of the integrity of the outer aspects of the body. This corresponds well to the practice of mummification. Again the outer appearance of the mummy was important for the afterlife, but not so much the internal organs, which were removed during mummification and put in canopic jars separately.

Thus, the fate of the patient was actually determined by the seriousness of the injury, the severity of the following infection, and the physical strength of the patient to cope with these. The main intent of the ancient Egyptian physician was to establish a prognosis. We must be clear about the fact that a negative prognosis meant that the patient was left alone. What this may have looked like is described more fully in the Hippocratic Epidemics. I quote Epidemics 7,32 in reference to the ESP, case 22: “On a Macedonian: ��he was struck over the left temple, a superficial wound. He fainted after the hit and fell. On the third day he was speechless. He tossed about. Fever was not very intense…. He heard nothing and was not conscious, nor was he still. Moisture was around his forehead and beneath the nose to the chin. He died on the fifth day” [54]. It is interesting to note that these observations, which are of importance to the physician, are not mentioned in the ESP. This is simply due to the fact that “bad” things could and should not be written down. The Egyptians believed in the supernatural strength of their script; it was not understood as a mere transporter of information. Describing bad events would disturb Maat, the general word order.

Conclusion

What is the best way to approach the ESP? It is rooted in a complex environment, which has to be taken into account in order to appreciate this document fully. Magic definitely was an elementary part of ancient Egyptian medical practice and was applied at various occasions. This approach to cope with problems does not limit the overall achievements of this ancient society. Does the ESP contain science? That depends on the definition and is difficult to grasp [55]. If one applies the “modern” idea of science representing the objective truth, the answer would be no. However, respecting the specific principles to define natural events and mechanisms, which each of these ancient societies used, I would say—in a basic sense—“yes.” However, a simple “close reading” of the ESP, including one to apply modern concepts and diagnoses [56], will most likely not do justice to this unique document."

Professor Alexander Brawanski, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany

[eyeoftheheart]

The Lily of the Nile: A work on the ritualistic use of an ancient flower of immortality

“In pharaonic times, religion, magic and medicine had little distinction between each other due to the commonly held belief that all parts of life were influenced and even controlled by divinity and the supernatural. To navigate life easier, and in true Egyptian fashion, a large corpus of text was composed of magic, medicine and religion. The latter includes the arguably most well-known work, the Egyptian Book of the dead, the religious scripture that would help the deceased navigate the netherworld in the hopes for eternal life. The papyri depict numerous plants and remedies as well as spell and healing methods accompanied by magical incorporation such as incantation or invocation of a god or goddess. These can be considered a basis for the fundamental ideas of religion and daily life of ancient Egypt, always consisting of divine involvement. This essay will deal with a symbol that the ancient Egyptians saw as synonymous with life, and immortality: The narcotic blue water lily, Nymphaea Caerulea. The study will be a work on the human religious experience with a plant that I will theorize as having been used for an entheogenic effect in order to connect with the divine by asking some key questions: How and why was the lily used? How is the flowers depiction on art, in texts, and different iconography indicative to a usage in religious experience and through the mythology produced in the civilisation?”

[darrylcalmandstrong09]

New Blog. African Medicine: Yoruba Spiritualty & Philosophy

“Traditional African medicine was, and is, effective in healing disease. Right diet, healthy lifestyle, and spiritualty are essential ingredients for recovery, whether in modern medicine of traditional healing. Root doctors provided the authority in our community in which such principles were grounded and preserved. This deep legacy continues to affect us.” – Dr. Tariq M. Sawandi, PhD, author of African Medicine: A Guide to Yoruba Divination and Herbal Medicine: A Complete Guide to Yoruba Healing Science and African Herbal Remedies

To find out more about the Yoruba (African) Spiritual and Philosophical practices before the Transatlantic slave trade, click here: https://rb.gy/pyq8ll

[whereishermes]

Asklepios, Caduceus, and the Symbol of Serpent