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nikoldragonne12 · 2 years ago

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(Old post)

Despicable Me AU - info (part 2)

In my AU Gru wasn't 11¾ years old during the "Minions: The Rise of Gru" movie - I moved his birthday to June;

Birth dates, zodiac signs and sexualities of canon/existing characters (note: some info is from wiki and some of it is by me - info from wiki is even a little changed, so it fits the timeline which I slightly changed):

Gru - 19th June 1964; Gemini = the Twins; heteroromantic gray-asexual

Dru - 19th June 1964; Gemini = the Twins; homosexual

Lucy - 8th March 1978; Pisces = the Fish; heterosexual

Margo - 27th August 2002; Virgo = the Maiden; bisexual

Edith - 13th January 2004; Capricorn = the Sea-Goat; aromantic asexual

Agnes - 29th April 2007; Taurus = the Bull; heterosexual

Marlena - 6th February 1931; Aquarius = the Water-Bearer; heterosexual

Dr. Nefario - 28th July 1931; Leo = the Lion; heterosexual

Victor "Vector" - 15th February 1975; Aquarius = the Water-Bearer; heteroromantic asexual

Mr. Perkins - 23rd December 1943; Capricorn = the Sea-Goat; heterosexual

Eduardo - 29th July 1973; Leo = the Lion; demiromantic demisexual

Antonio - 3rd November 2001; Scorpio = the Scorpion; heterosexual

Balthazar - 19th July 1973; Cancer = the Crab; pansexual

Silas - 16th February 1946; Aquarius = the Water-Bearer; heterosexual

Valerie - 26th March 1969; Aries = the Ram; aromantic asexual

Scarlet - 1st August 1928; Leo = the Lion; heterosexual

Herb - 2nd October 1927; Libra = the Scales; heterosexual

Henry "Wild Knuckles" - 29th May 1902; Gemini = the Twins; heterosexual

Heights of canon/existing characters were added and/or changed (sorry, we're not using feet and inches in our country):

Gru - 186 cm

Dru - 188 cm

Lucy - 196 cm (190 cm without shoes)

Margo - 170 cm (currently; formerly 152 cm)

Edith - 165 cm (currently; formerly 127 cm)

Agnes - 160 cm (currently; formerly 108 cm)

Marlena - 158 cm

Dr. Nefario - 180 cm

Victor "Vector" - 178 cm

Mr. Perkins - 200 cm

Eduardo - 170 cm (formerly 187 cm)

Antonio - 155 cm

Balthazar - 195 cm

Silas - 193 cm

Valerie - 193 cm (187 cm without shoes)

Scarlet - 187 cm

Herb - 205 cm

Henry "Wild Knuckles" - 206 cm

Bob - 50 cm

Stuart - 59 cm

Chubby minions - 61 cm

Middle-height minions - 62 to 64 cm

Otto - 120 cm

Tall minions - 125 cm

Minions are actually very intelligent creatures but the male tribe has a tendency to hide it with their language and with playful, childish and frolic behavior;

The female tribe doesn't hide intelligence, most of the minion girls is still playful and frolic, though - sometimes even more than the boys;

Some minions (in both tribes) are serious and less frolic, of course;

Balthazar has a daughter he never met - despite his megalomaniac personality, he had a girlfriend who he eventually left behind on his villainous way;

Her name was Roselle Moreau and she didn't tell Balthazar she's pregnant when he was leaving because she felt he wouldn't stay anyway;

Balthazar's daughter is named Colette Moreau, she's 21 years old (b. 5th October 2002; Libra = the Scales) and she's a shy and reserved yet very talented hobby dancer and a university student of Philosophy (Toronto university);

Colette doesn't know exactly who her father is/was because Roselle doesn't want to talk about him - she only told her daughter her father was a jerk and a criminal, so Collete isn't looking for him;

Fact: Balthazar is Canadian, was born there and was living there until the age of 11 - I made this headcanon because of how he spoke French in Despicable Me 3 without any problems. My first thoughts of why his French is so good were that he's either somebody who's good at learning languages or somebody whose native language is French (which appealed to me more) - however, I would expect him to have at least a slight French accent if he was meant to be from France (which is characteristic for one of my OCs of this AU). That's why I decided to put Balthazar in a country that has two official languages and one of them is French (so the accent doesn't have to be there) - I eventually chose Canada;

After 'Despicable Me 3", the male minion tribe divided - a bigger part of them ran away with Dru while the rest of the tribe, those who weren't willing to become villains again, stayed with Gru;

Mel (full name "Melvin" in my AU) is the actual alpha of the male minion tribe and the one who's in charge of Dru's group of minions;

Kevin, the second in charge, stayed with Gru and became an alpha of the smaller group of the minions at Gru's house - his reasons for it were simple: he developed slight PTSD after being in prison, he didn't feel any anger towards Gru anymore and was able to renew his loyalty and the most important, he himself wasn't interested in crime anymore and just wanted to have a nice and calm life;

A small chicken minion from "Minions: The Rise of Gru" is still alive - he lost almost all his feathers (except some feathers on his head and arms), his beak reformed into normal minion mouth, his teeth grew and even his arms and legs became more minion-like;

He also talks normally;

My headcanon: Stuart named his "child" Chico - it means "kid/boy" in Spanish and it also sounds like "chicken", a little. Chico is a complete opposite of his father: silent, shy, gentle, polite yet filled with energy. He stayed with Dave after Despicable Me 3 while Stuart ran away with Dru - Chico misses his dad but doesn't feel any anger towards him.

Fact: Minions can breed in my AU;

Mel is the oldest male minion and has seven younger brothers, (including Steve and Stuart, who's actually the youngest brother), as well as a big number of cousins;

This also means Chico is Mel's nephew;

Lucy left her relatives (those who are alive) because she wanted to take revenge on that villain who murdered her parents, grandparents and great-grandmother;

Her relatives didn't agree and one of them (Lucy's aunt, specifically) even got in an argument with Lucy, which ended up by Lucy leaving;

Lucy still feels guilty for leaving them behind and would be happy to meet them again, she doesn't have enough courage to return and fix the relationship with them, however;

Fact: Gru knows only a part of Lucy's past because she doesn't like to talk about it - he respects her and doesn't ask about it but he also told her if she ever needs to tell him, he will listen and help her;

Minions are almost immortal - they can't be injured by a lot of common things, they can't die of old age, however, there are some ways they can injure themselves and even ways they can die (for example beasts created by PX-41 serum can make them injuries they can't heal completely and they can even kill the minions);

Bonus fact!: Minions Mike and Ken (from "Panic in the Mailroom") survived the attack of three mutated kittens and currently lives with the female minion tribe;

They're covered with scars, one of Ken's eyes is missing, Mike is limping on his leg and they both also have PTSD, but otherwise they're doing pretty well;

Both Mike and Ken got married to two beautiful minion girls named Coco and Caroline "Carrie" - there are also some rumors among the female tribe saying Carrie might be pregnant;

#despicable minions #despicable me #despicableme #dm #dm au #despicable me au #minions #the minions #minions the rise of gru

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usafphantom2 · 1 year ago

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Supermarine Spitfire | Classic Warbirds

As the Royal Air Force entered the 1930s biplane fighters were still considered the way forward by the Air Ministry. So when on the 1st October 1931 they issued Specification F.7/30 it was to be Gloster's Gladiator biplane design that would be ordered into production. The aircraft Supermarine submitted was the Type 224, a monoplane design with fixed undercarriage which was powered by a Rolls-Royce Goshawk engine. Its top speed was only 228 mph, 22 mph slower than the top speed of 250 mph which the Specification called for. Despite the disappointing performance of the aircraft, the experience and data gathered would prove beneficial for Supermarine's next design.

Supermarine submitted their new design, the Supermarine Type 300, produced under the leadership of Reginald Joseph Mitchell, and this would also be powered by the Rolls-Royce Goshawk engine. Despite the improvements no order was forthcoming from the Air Ministry. However, a change of engine to the Rolls-Royce PV.12, later to become the Merlin, saw a prototype ordered on the 1st December 1934 with Specification F.37/34 issued on the 3rd January 1935 for the prototype to be built.

The prototype Spitfire was powered by a 900-hp Rolls-Royce Merlin 'C' engine and Captain Joseph Summers piloted the aircraft on its maiden flight on the 5th March 1936. The 26th March 1936 saw the Spitfire prototype arrive at the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment at Martlesham Heath. 310 Spitfire Mk Is were ordered on the 3rd June 1936. Fifteen days later on the 18th June 1936 in front of three hundred invited guests the aircraft made its first appearance during an open day at Vickers. This was followed on the 27th June 1936 when the public got their first taste of this new aircraft at the RAF Display, Hendon, with the 28th July 1936 seeing the aircraft officially named the Spitfire. Sadly the following year on the 11th June 1937 Reginald Joseph Mitchell passed away, with development of the Spitfire given to Joe Smith.

The maiden Spitfire Mk I first flew on the 14th May 1938 and was powered by the 1,030-hp Rolls-Royce Merlin II engine, giving it a top speed of 364 mph, range of 425 miles and a service ceiling of 34,500 ft. Initially only half of the intended eight 0.303-in machine-guns were fitted due to supply shortages and when Spitfires with eight machine-guns did appear they were designated as Spitfire Mk IAs. A small number of Spitfire Mk IBs with two 20mm cannons appeared in 1940 for operational trials, but as the cannon kept jamming as a result of having to be fitted on their side due to the Spitfire's thin wing, which led to cartridge cases not dispersing properly in certain situations, these were withdrawn.

The first Spitfire Mk I entered service 26 months after the initial order was placed, when No. 19 Squadron, based at RAF Duxford, received the first on the 4th August 1938. A further eight squadrons would be equipped with the type by the time the Second World War (1939 – 1945) started in September 1939. The next month would see the Spitfire score its first victories, when on the 16th October 1939, two Junkers Ju 88 A-1s of I./KG 30 were shot down over the Firth of Forth, one by No. 602 Squadron and the other by No. 603 Squadron, these were the first German aircraft shot down over Britain in the Second World War. The following month saw a Spitfire PR Mk IA deployed to France followed by a Spitfire PR Mk IB, but these would serve in the reconnaissance role only, it wouldn't be until the 12th May 1940 that a fighter version of the Spitfire would operate over Europe with its first engagement against the Messerschmitt Bf 109 occurring eleven days later on the 23rd May 1940 when Nos. 54 and 74 Squadron engaged Bf 109Es of I./JG 27. As the Battle of Britain (10th July 1940 - 31st October 1940) loomed, during July 1940 a total of nineteen squadrons were now equipped with the Spitfire. Alongside the Hawker Hurricane the pair formed a formidable partnership.

Serving as a prototype of the Spitfire Mk II, a Spitfire Mk I was fitted with a 1,150-hp Rolls-Royce Merlin XII engine, with the 24th September 1939 seeing the first flight. The production Spitfire Mk II was powered by the 1,175-hp Rolls-Royce Merlin XII which enabled a top speed of 370 mph, range of 500 miles and a service ceiling of 32,500 ft. Armament was eight 0.303-in machine-guns and this made its operational debut on the 31st August 1940. Some Spitfire Mk IIBs had the same two 20mm cannon armament of the Spitfire Mk IB, with the addition of blisters in the wings to help overcome the jamming issues. When Fighter Command started their offensive fighter sweeps, known as Rhubarbs, over Europe on the 20th December 1940 it was with No. 66 Squadron and a pair of their Spitfire Mk IIs. Spitfires would also take part in the first Royal Air Force Circus operation on the 10th January 1941. They would be part of a force of fighters escorting six Bristol Blenheims of No. 114 Squadron when they attacked an ammunition dump at Foret de Guines, France.

The Spitfire Mk III was the next in the lineage but would never progress past a single prototype. This intended version would have a number of improvements such as clipped wings, by 2 ft on each wing, stronger undercarriage, retractable tail wheel and a type 'C' universal wing able to take different armament and a internal laminated bullet-proof windscreen. The prototype was a converted Spitfire Mk I which was powered by a 1,240-hp Rolls-Royce Merlin XX and this flew on the 15th March 1940. Although an order was placed for the Spitfire Mk III it would later be cancelled due to a shortage of available Rolls-Royce Merlin XX engines. Despite not entering service a number of the features from the Spitfire Mk III would appear on later Spitfires.

The next version was the Spitfire Mk V, with the 26th December 1940 seeing the prototype make its first flight. This was intended to be a stopgap measure but would go on to be the most produced and used Spitfire variant. Powered by the 1,470-hp Rolls-Royce Merlin 45 engine which gave it a top speed of 375 mph, a range of 470 miles and a service ceiling of 35,500 ft. Armament was four 0.303-in machine-guns and two 20mm cannons. The Spitfire Mk V began to enter service during February 1941 with No. 92 Squadron based at RAF Biggin Hill being the first to receive the type. The Spitfire Mk VB would be the first of the type to serve overseas as fighters, when Malta received fifteen which were flown from HMS Eagle (94) on the 7th March 1942. Tropicalised Spitfire Mk VBs which had an air intake filter under the nose were sent to the Middle East during May 1942. With the arrival of No. 54 Squadron based at RAAF Station Darwin in January 1943 they became the first to use Spitfire Mk Vs in the Pacific. 1943 also saw some Spitfire LF Mk Vs appear with clipped wings and these were powered by a 1,585-hp Rolls-Royce Merlin 45M engine for low altitude operations.

During December 1939 the use of a Rolls-Royce Griffon to power the Spitfire was conceived, but engine development delays meant it would be a further two years before a prototype could be ordered. A tailored Specification F.4/41 was written for the aircraft which was given the designation Spitfire Mk IV, and two prototypes were ordered on the 26th May 1941, and on the 23rd August 1941 750 were ordered. Only one prototype was built in the end and this was powered by a 1,445-hp Rolls-Royce Griffon RG 25M IIB engine and had a top speed of 423 mph and was to be armed with up to six 20mm cannons, and this flew on the 27th November 1941 for the first time with Jeffrey Quill at the controls. In the end the aircraft would not enter production with the 750 Spitfire Mk IVs ordered being built as either Spitfire Mk VB or Spitfire Mk VCs instead. The Spitfire Mk IV prototype would be renamed to Spitfire Mk XX, to avoid confusion with a Spitfire photo reconnaissance version which was renamed to Spitfire Mk IV, before becoming the prototype Spitfire Mk XII.

To counteract German bombers operating at high altitude the Spitfire HF Mk VI appeared with a Spitfire Mk VB used as a base with the introduction of a 1,415-hp Rolls-Royce Merlin 47, giving the aircraft a top speed of 364 mph, range of 475 miles and able to operate at 40,000 ft, extended wing tips, by about 4 ft on each wing, a pressurised Cabin and two 20mm Hispano cannons. The prototype making its first flight on the 26th June 1941. The Spitfire HF Mk VI entered service during April 1942 with No. 616 Squadron at RAF Kings Cliffe and scored its first aerial victory on the 25th May 1942, shooting down a Dornier Do 217, and was used as an interim aircraft until the Spitfire HF Mk VII appeared which was the first variant to be designed to take the two-stage Rolls-Royce Merlin 60 engine. This featured a number of modifications and was in fact powered by the 1,565-hp Rolls-Royce Merlin 61 engine, giving it a top speed of 416 mph and these entered operational service during March 1943 with No. 124 Squadron based at RAF North Weald.

The Spitfire Mk VIII was essentially the same as its predecessor, but without a pressurised cockpit. The aircraft had a top speed of 408 mph, a range of 680 miles with a service ceiling of 43,000 ft. Armament consisted of four 0.303-in machine guns and two 20mm cannons. The first Spitfire Mk VIII flew during November 1942 and the type would first enter service with Nos. 125 and 145 Squadron based at RAF Luqa in Malta during June 1943.

When the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 appeared during August 1941 it was to prove superior to aircraft in service with the Royal Air Force at the time. In an effort to match the Fw 190's performance a Spitfire Mk VC was modified and fitted with a 1,660-hp Rolls-Royce Merlin 61 and this variant, known as the Spitfire Mk IX, made its maiden flight on the 26th February 1942. It had a top speed of 408 mph, a range of 434 miles, a service ceiling of 43,000 ft and armament consisted of two 20mm cannons and four 0.303-in machine-guns. It was with No. 64 Squadron, RAF Hornchurch that the Spitfire Mk IX made its operational debut on the 28th July 1942. The month before the aircraft entered service, the RAF had been able to test the type against a captured Fw 190A-3, and found the aircraft evenly matched against the Luftwaffe's latest fighter. The Spitfire Mk IX claimed its first victory over a Fw 190 on the 30th July 1942. When a Spitfire Mk IX of the Special Service (High Altitude) Flight based at RAF Northolt intercepted a Junkers Ju 86R in the skies above Southampton two months later on the 12th September 1942 at 43,000ft it would be the highest aerial battle of the Second World War.

On the 10th June 1944 at the Advanced Landing Ground B3, Sainte-Croix-sur-Mer, France a Spitfire Mk IX of No. 144 (Canadian) Wing, RAF, made up of Nos. 441, 442 and 443 Squadrons, Royal Canadian Air Force, touched down, becoming the first aircraft of the RAF to be stationed on mainland France since June 1940. It would also be a Spitfire Mk IX, this time from No. 401 Squadron, RCAF, that on the 5th October 1944 claimed the first Messerschmitt Me 262 to be shot down by an Allied aircraft. Although intended as an interim Spitfire, the aircraft would still be in service at the end of hostilities in Europe during May 1945.

The next two variants were both photo reconnaissance examples. The Spitfire PR Mk X was powered by the 1,710-hp Rolls-Royce Merlin 64 engine which gave the aircraft a top speed of 417 mph, range of 1,370 miles with a service ceiling of 43,000 ft. No armament was fitted. May 1944 would see the Spitfire PR Mk X enter service with the Royal Air Force when Nos. 541 and 542 Squadron received the first deliveries of the aircraft. The Spitfire PR Mk XI followed and whilst its top speed matched the Spitfire PR Mk X its range was slightly less at 1,200 miles and its service ceiling higher at 44,000 ft. It was also unarmed. This would make its maiden flight on the 21st November 1942 and No. 541 Squadron, RAF Benson would receive the first examples the following month.

A Spitfire Mk IA would provide the basis for the Spitfire PR Mk XIII prototype which flew for the first time on the 16th February 1943. Two months later in April 1943 No. 542 Squadron at RAF Benson would receive the first examples. Powered by the 1,645-hp Rolls-Royce Merlin 32 engine the Spitfire PR Mk XIII had a top speed of 342 mph, range of 700 miles with a service ceiling of 35,000 ft. Although used for photo reconnaissance it was armed with four 0.303-in machine-guns.

Up next was the Spitfire Mk XIV and the prototype made its maiden flight on the 20th January 1943. It would enter service the following year on the 4th January 1944 when No. 610 Squadron, RAF Exeter began to take delivery of the type. Powered by the 2,035-hp Rolls-Royce Griffon 65 engine the Spitfire Mk XIV had a top speed of 439 mph, range of 465 miles with a service ceiling of 43,000 ft. Armament was a pair of 0.50-in machine-guns and a pair of 20mm cannons with 500lb bombs or rocket projectiles. During November 1942 thoughts had started to turn to a successor for the Spitfire and this would see a Spitfire Mk XIV fitted with a laminar flow wing. This would fly for the first time during June 1944 and would be known as the Supermarine Spiteful. In the end only a small number were built and it would never enter operational service.

With the development of a new wing, with the plan to use a Spitfire Mk 22 as the basis for the Spitfire Mk 23, aimed at improving diving and high speed performance, fitted to a Spitfire Mk VIII in July 1944 testing began. The results from these were disappointing, so a Spitfire Mk 21 prototype would form the basis of a new Spitfire Mk 23 prototype. Once again the results were unsatisfactory, so the aircraft, which was to have been called the Supermarine Valiant, was scrapped.

A two-seater Spitfire was considered as a possible aircraft for the export market and during 1944 a small team was formed to convert the design into a two-seater configuration. Despite planning to build 48 aircraft, which would be designated Spitfire Mk TR 8, only a sole example was built. Some of the Spitfires supplied to the Soviet Union were modified into two-seaters during the Second World War. These were to train Soviet pilots on the type. In January 1946 Supermarine converted 25 Spitfire Mk IXs, designated either Spitfire TR 9 or Spitfire T Mk IX, into two-seaters and these would be sold to the Netherlands, India, Ireland and Egypt.

The idea of a naval version of the Spitfire was first raised in 1938, but it wouldn't be until December 1941 that the idea was looked at again. This would lead to the Supermarine Seafire being developed for the Fleet Air Arm. A Spitfire floatplane was also produced, five Spitfires would be modified and fitted with floats before the idea was scrapped.

The Spitfire would remain in service with the Royal Air Force until 1957. The fighter version made its last operation on the 1st January 1951 when a Spitfire Mk XVIII of No. 60 Squadron attacked targets in Malaya. The very last operational use of the Spitfire was on the 1st April 1954 by a Spitfire PR XIX of No. 81 Squadron, Malaya with a Spitfire Mk XIX of the Temperature and Humidity Flight at RAF Woodvale performing the last flight by an RAF Spitfire in active service on the 10th June 1957. This wasn't the end of the Spitfire story in the Royal Air Force as during 1963 a Spitfire PR XIX would be brought out of retirement to take part in trials against the English Electric Lightning. This was so tactics against piston-engined aircraft could be developed as there was a chance the Lightning may come up against the North American P-51 Mustangs being used by the Indonesian Air Force during the Indonesia – Malaysian Confrontation (1963 – 1966).

In total over 30 countries would use the Spitfire in various guises. They would see action with the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front and the United States Army Air Force and Free French Air Force would also use the aircraft. Post-war saw the type serve with the Swedish Air Force.

The last Spitfire to be built was a Spitfire F.24, and this made its first flight on the 24th February 1948, bringing an end to Spitfire production which had began in May 1938 and saw a total of 20,334 built. It was the only Allied fighter already in production at the start of the Second World War to remain in production throughout the war.

Technical Details

Click on the aircraft image to view a larger version.

Top Speed Range Service Ceiling Armament

Spitfire Mk I 364 mph 425 miles 34,500 ft eight 0.303-in machine-guns

Spitfire Mk I side profile image

Spitfire Mk II 370 mph 500 miles 32,800 ft eight 0.303-in machine-guns

Spitfire Mk IIA side profile image

Spitfire Mk III Single aircraft converted from a Mk I then converted to a Mk V then to the Mk IX prototype.

Spitfire Mk V 375 mph 470 miles 35,500 ft four 0.303-in machine-guns

two 20mm cannons

Spitfire Mk VB side profile image

Spitfire Mk IV Powered by the 1,445-hp Rolls-Royce Griffon RG 25M IIB engine, only one built.

Renamed later on as Mk XX before becoming the Mk XII prototype

Spitfire Mk VI 364 mph 475 miles 40,000 ft four 0.303-in machine-guns

two 20mm cannons

Spitfire Mk VII 416 mph 424 miles 45,100 ft four 0.303-in machine-guns

two 20mm cannons

Spitfire Mk VIII 408 mph 680 miles 43,000 ft four 0.303-in machine-guns

two 20mm cannons

Spitfire Mk IX 408 mph 434 miles 43,000 ft four 0.303-in machine-guns

two 20mm cannons

Spitfire Mk X 417 mph 1,370 miles 43,000 ft none

Spitfire Mk XI 417 mph 1,200 miles 44,000 ft none

Spitfire PR Mk XI side profile image

Spitfire Mk XII 397 mph 493 miles 40,000 ft two 20mm cannons

500lb bombs

Spitfire Mk XIII 342 mph 700 miles 35,000 ft four 0.303-in machine-guns

Spitfire Mk XIV 439 mph 465 miles 43,000 ft two 0.50-in machine-guns

two 20mm cannons

and 500lb bombs or

rocket projectiles

Spitfire Mk XVI 405 mph 430 miles 40,500 ft two 20mm cannons

four 0.303-in machine-guns

1,000lb bombs

Spitfire Mk XVI side profile image

Spitfire Mk XVIII 437 mph 460 miles 41,000 ft two 20mm cannons

two 0.303-in machine guns

and either 1,500lb bombs or

rocket projectiles

Spitfire Mk XIX 445 mph 1,500 miles 42,600 ft none

Spitfire Mk 21 455 mph 580 miles 42,800 ft four 20mm cannons

Spitfire Mk 21 side profile image

Spitfire Mk 22 449 mph 580 miles 45,500 ft four 20mm cannons

and either 1,500lb bombs or

rocket projectiles

Spitfire Mk 23 None produced but would have been known as the Supermarine Valiant.

Spitfire Mk 24 454 mph 965 miles 43,000 ft four 20mm cannons

rocket projectiles

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people-are-strange-87 · 2 years ago

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The Many Loves of The Lost Boys

Solntse

Born 12th September, 1499 in Kemerovo, Russia

Betrothed to Dwayne on 18th December, 1507. Married 18th December, 1987.

Adoptive mother of Laddie (20/06/1976).

Miscarried their son on 8th June, 1986. He would have been named Aleksandru or Podárok.

Emiline of Leuchtenberg

Born 25th October, 1864 in Amberg, Germany.

Engaged to David on 9th May, 1882.

Died 13th August, 1884 in Osnabrück, Germany.

She was twenty weeks pregnant at the time of her death.

Elena

Born 4th February, 1499 in Ukhta, Russia.

Married Dwayne on 3rd April, 1900.

Mother of Radomil (04/10/1906-17/06/1975) and Mislav (14/06/1925-17/06/1975).

Died on 17th June, 1975 in Ukhta, Russia.

Tomila

Born 1st April, 1498 in Ukhta, Russia.

Married Dwayne on 17th March, 1930.

Mother of Yaroslav (10/08/1932-17/06/1975).

Died on 17th June, 1975 in Ukhta, Russia.

Radoslava

Born 8th February, 1500 in Ukhta, Russia.

Married Dwayne on 27th September, 1890.

Mother of Aleksandru (15/05/1894-17/06/1975), Velimir (11/05/1931-17/06/1975), Nikola (15/07/1966-17/06/1975), Oliga (15/03/1975-17/06/1975).

Died on 17th June, 1975 in Ukhta, Russia.

Blazh

Born 13th October, 1496 in Ukhta, Russia.

Married Dwayne on 19th April, 1807.

Died on 17th June, 1975 in Ukhta, Russia.

Bonnie Emerson

Born 21st August, 1964 in Santa Carla, California.

Dating Paul since 9th January, 1986.

Michael's cousin.

Dominique Lambert

Born 3rd April, 1955 in Toulon, France.

The mate of Marko, Paul, David, Dwayne, Michael (Met them in that order).

Sigrid Bakken

Born 23rd August, 1968 in Trondheim, Norway.

Dating Michael from 8th November, 1984 to 23rd January, 1985.

Dating Star and Paul from 27th October, 1986.

Dahlia Emerson

Born 28th October, 1964

Mother of Jean Emerson-Norman (29/12/1987)

Dating Marko since 28th July, 1987

Dorotea Emerson

Born 30th July, 1968

Dating Marko since 11th August, 1986

Mother of Luca Thompson (12/02/1988)

Grace Schwarz

Born 15th November, 2002 in Santa Carla, California

Marko's mate

Dating Marko since 1st July, 2020

Anastasia Yakivna Terekhova

Born 6th January, 1999 in Lviv, Ukraine

Paul and Dwayne's mate

Dating Paul since 4th March, 2019

Dating Dwayne since 21st November, 2017

Abigail Huxtable

Born 5th April, 2001 in Norfolk, England

Michael and David's mate

Dating Michael since 11th May, 2020

Dating David since 3rd November, 2019

#the lost boys #dwayne the lost boys #paul the lost boys #david the lost boys #marko the lost boys #laddie the lost boys #tlb 1987 #lost boys 1987 #the lost boys 1987 #michael the lost boys #star the lost boys

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cherryblossomgirl8490 · 2 years ago

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The 1934 Disappearance of Wilderness Explorer, Everett Ruess.

Background

Christopher Ruess and Stella Knight were married on April 2, 1905. He was a Unitarian minister and she was a dancer and artist. Their first child, Waldo (named after Ralph Waldo Emerson), was born on September 5, 1909. A second son, Everett (named after the author and historian Edward Everett Hale), was born on March 28th, 1914, in Oakland, California.

Both Stella and Christopher had a deep love of books and of art, which they imparted to their children. They were avid diarists as well and encouraged both of their sons to not only keep a diary themselves, but to also copy out long passages from their respective diaries in letters home when they were separated from their parents.

In September 1918, the family moved to Brookline, Massachusetts, because Christopher had decided to take a job with the Chautauqua Industrial Art Desk Company. When Stella’s father became ill, she and Everett traveled across the country by train to Los Angeles to care for him. Along the way, they made several stops at memorable locations such as the Grand Canyon and the Yosemite Valley. Everett was nine at the time and began keeping his first diary during this trip. His earliest writings showed his growing fascination with nature and his love of traveling. As Everett grew a little older, he also developed a passion for writing poetry and painting. He was even able to sell some of his watercolor paintings from time to time.

Everett graduated from high school in 1931. Though his parents very much wanted him to attend college, Everett had other ideas. That same year, Everett went off on his first solo adventure, hiking and camping out in the wilderness, as well as keeping a detailed diary about his feelings and experiences, and writing frequent letters to his family. He also loved visiting Anasazi ruins and collecting artifacts from these sites. Thus began his pattern of hitchhiking, camping, and hiking for months at a time before briefly returning home, only to leave once again, starting the cycle anew. He met many people along the way during these solo trips, but a certain shyness and inherent desire for solitude kept him from forming connections with most of the people he encountered during his travels, a fact which he sometimes lamented in his diaries. He tried to support himself by selling paintings, but because he was rarely able to make a sale (and keep in mind that this was during the Great Depression), his expeditions were mostly financed by his parents.

Everett adopted a small and adorable brown and white dog named Curly, from a Navajo Reservation in 1931, to have as a companion. He also always had either a pair of burros or a pair of horses to accompany him out in the wilderness.

Everett suffered from frequent periods of dark moods, which some have theorized may have actually been depressive episodes. In a letter to his older brother Waldo in 1931, Everett alluded to having been suicidal the previous summer:

"Whatever I have suffered in the months past has been nothing compared with the beauty in which I have steeped my soul, so to speak. It has been a priceless experience–and I am glad it is not over. What I would have missed if I had ended everything last summer!"

On September 8th, 1933, Everett was stung by bees at least a dozen times in addition to already being covered in poison oak blisters. In his attempt to escape the bees, he fell into Goddard Creek, but was in so much pain and was feeling so lethargic that he struggled to find the strength to pull himself out of the water and nearly drowned.

However, by 1934 and particularly in the weeks leading up to his disappearance, he was seemingly in very good spirits and doing better than ever before. In his letters to his parents, he spoke of having “great fun” with the locals and even alluded to having come into quite a bit of cash recently (though he never elaborated on the source of this money) and stated that he now had “more money than I need”. Also, for the first time ever, he sent money home to help his parents out.

Disappearance

On November 21st, 1934, two sheepherders named Addlin Lay and Clayton Porter, encountered Everett on the Hole-in-the-Rock trail, where they were camping. According to them, they offered Everett a quarter of mutton, but he declined, saying that he had plenty of food. They then watched as Everett and his burros, Cockleburrs and Chocolatero, made their way southeast, towards Davis Gulch. This was the last time anyone is known to have seen Everett Ruess.

Though almost two months had gone by since Everett’s family had heard from him, they didn’t think much of it to begin with, as Everett had warned them back in the fall that he may not be near a post office for a month or two. However, by late January they were becoming concerned. Their alarm only heightened when they received their own letters to Everett back in the mail, the envelopes still sealed. They began writing letters to every postmaster in every town in the southwest that Everett was known to have visited. When this yielded no answers as to where their son was, they started writing to sheriffs, traders, newspapers, radio stations, and Indian agents. But no one had seen Everett in months or knew anything of his current whereabouts.

The Search

Finally, on March 1st, months after that last sighting back in November, a search party was formed. A man named Jennings Allen, along with a dozen other local men, headed into Davis Gulch on horseback hoping to find some sign of Everett or what had become of him. They turned up nothing until March 6th, when they found Cockleburrs and Chocolatero, Everett’s burros, in a corral. There are discrepancies in the accounts of the searchers as to the condition these burros were found in though, with some claiming that they were “thin and emaciated”, while others said that they were “fat and healthy”.

Nearby, in a natural alcove, they found what was presumed to have been Everett’s final campsite. There were footprints, Anasazi potsherds, candy wrappers, empty cans and an impression in the dirt from a bedroll. Notably absent from this site were Everett’s money, camping gear, cooking equipment, paintings and art supplies, and his 1934 journal. They also discovered two different spots in Davis Gulch where “Nemo 1934” had been etched into the rock. “Nemo”, Latin for “nobody”, is a pseudonym that Everett was known to have adopted and so it is assumed that he’s the one who made these inscriptions. Both inscriptions are now underwater and have been since 1957, when the waters of Lake Powell rose during the construction of Glen Canyon Dam.

Beyond this, nothing more would ever be found that would shed light on what happened to Everett Ruess.

Additional Information

There was a rumor in Escalante, a nearby town, that Everett had been robbed and murdered by local cattle rustlers who mistook him for a government agent. By 1934, cattle rustling was becoming rampant in this area and due to this, the Cattlemen’s Association spread a false rumor that an undercover government investigator had been sent out to the area. As the story goes, Everett arrived in town shortly thereafter.

A Navajo man named Aneth Nez told his granddaughter (Daisy) a story in 1971 about witnessing a young white man being chased and then murdered by Ute Indians near Comb Ridge in the mid-1930’s. After the Utes left, Nez buried the body. Remains were eventually found in that area, but DNA testing confirmed that they did not belong to Everett.

In the 1970’s, a tourist found bones wedged in a crack in Davis Gulch. The bones seemed to indicate that the person had suffered a broken hip and a fractured collar bone. He turned over the bones to a National Park Service ranger, who in turn gave them to his supervisor. However, shortly after this the bones went missing and have never been found.

Theories

Accidental death, perhaps due to a fall or drowning.

Murder

Suicide

Sources:

#true crime #mystery #writing #disappearance #vintage #1930s

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adbanaoapp-india · 8 months ago

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Shaheed Diwas: Remembering the Martyrs of India’s Freedom Struggle

Show your respect to India’s freedom fighters on this special day with AdBanao App. Read the special blog about Shaheed Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru Ji.

Shaheed Diwas: Remembering the Martyrs of India’s Freedom Struggle

On 23rd March every year, India observes Shaheed Diwas, or Martyrs’ Day to pay homage to the three young revolutionaries who sacrificed their lives for the cause of India’s independence.

Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, and Shivaram Rajguru were hanged to death by the British government on this day in 1931, after being convicted for the assassination of a British police officer in Lahore.

Their courage, patriotism, and sacrifice inspired millions of Indians to join the freedom movement and fight against the oppressive colonial rule.

Brief Story of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru.

Bhagat Singh was born on 28th September 1907 in a Sikh family in Punjab. He was influenced by his family’s involvement in the Gadar movement and the revolutionary activities of Kartar Singh Sarabha and Rash Behari Bose.

He joined the Naujawan Bharat Sabha, a youth organization founded by Lala Lajpat Rai, and later became a member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), a radical group that aimed to overthrow British rule through armed struggle.

Sukhdev Thapar was born on 15th May 1907 in Ludhiana, Punjab. He was also a student of the National College in Lahore, where he met Bhagat Singh and Yashpal.

He was an active member of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha and the HSRA and was involved in various revolutionary activities such as distributing pamphlets, organizing meetings, and collecting funds.

Shivaram Rajguru was born on 24th August 1908 in Khed, Maharashtra. He was a devout Hindu and a follower of the Arya Samaj.

The trio became famous for their daring attack on the British police officer John Saunders on 17th December 1928, in retaliation for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, who was injured in a lathi charge ordered by another officer, James Scott. Bhagat Singh and Rajguru shot Saunders dead, while Sukhdev and Chandra Shekhar Azad provided cover. They then escaped from the scene and went into hiding.

On 8th April 1929, Bhagat Singh and another HSRA member, Batukeshwar Dutt, threw two bombs and leaflets inside the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi, to protest against the repressive laws enacted by the British. They did not intend to harm anyone, but to make the deaf hear. They surrendered after the bombing and were arrested along with other HSRA members.

The trial of the Lahore Conspiracy Case, as it came to be known, lasted for two years. During this period, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru, along with other prisoners, went on a hunger strike to demand better treatment and equal rights for Indian political prisoners. They also used the court as a platform to propagate their revolutionary ideology and expose the injustice of British rule.

Download special Shaheed Diwas Posters, videos, trending reels, free statuses, audio jingles, WhatsApp stickers, and much more.

Read the full blog here.

#india #indianfreedom #bhagat singh #sukhdev #adbanao #digitalmarketing #adbanaoapp #postermaker #social media advertising #gandhi #freedom #indian #poster

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brookston · 1 year ago

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Holidays 11.28

Holidays

Auto Race Day

Bedfordshire Day (UK)

Bukovina Day (Romania)

Constitution Day (Abkhazia)

Decorate Your Dog Day

Feast of the Miraculous Medal

Flag Day (Albania, Kosovo)

Giving News Day

Gone-ta-Pott Day [every 28th]

Heroes’ Day (Sri Lanka)

Honey Day (French Republic)

Hōonkō (Japan)

Hug a Furry Day

International Day of the Mediterranean

It’s Letter Writing Day

Make Your Own Head Day

Molossaphone Day (Republic of Molossia)

National Alan Day

National Big Time Rush Day

National Cole Day

National Day of the Deaf (Mexico)

National Madison Day

National Patrick Day

Nice Knee-High Socks Day (Japan)

Navy Day (Iran)

Red Planet Day

Republic Day (Burundi; Chad; Congo)

Royal Society Day

Skywriting Day

World Compassion Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Cake Remembrance Day (Cakeland)

National French Toast Day

4th & Last Tuesday in November

Crypto Giving Tuesday [Tuesday after Thanksgiving]

Giving Tuesday [Tuesday after Thanksgiving]

National Day of Mourning (United American Indians of New England) [4th Tuesday]

Strange Names Day [Last Tuesday]

Throw Out Your Leftovers Day [Tuesday after Thanksgiving]

Travel Deal Tuesday [Last Tuesday]

Independence Days

Albania (from the Ottoman Empire, 1912)

East Timor (from Portugal, 1975)

Francisville (Declared; 2008) [unrecognized]

Hawaii (from France & UK; 1843)

Mauritania (from France, 1960)

Panama (from Spain, 1821)

Westland Province Day (New Zealand)

Feast Days

Acacius, Hirenarchus, and companions, of Sebaste (Christian; Saint)

Ascension of `Abdu'l-Bahá (Bahá'í)

Blue Cheese Day (Pastafarian)

Catherine Labouré (Christian; Saint)

Emma (Anglican Church of Hawaii)

Feast of the Holy Sovereigns (Episcopal Diocese of Hawaii)

Herman of Alaska (The anniversary of his actual death; Eastern Orthodox)

James of the Marches (Christian; Saint)

Kamehameha and Emma (Episcopal Church (USA))

Moltar Day (Church of the SubGenius)

Our Lady of Kibeho (Christian; Saint)

Gregory III, Pope (Christian; Saint)

Morris Lewis (Artology)

Rufus (No. 8; Christian; Saint)

The Rural Dionysia (Fertility Festival to Dionysus; Ancient Greece)

Sophia’s Day (Pagan)

Space Ghost Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Stephen the Younger (Christian; Saint)

Waldo Woodpecker (Muppetism)

Washington (Positivist; Saint)

William Blake (Artology)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Dismal Day (Unlucky or Evil Day; Medieval Europe; 22 of 24)

Egyptian Day (Unlucky Day; Middle Ages Europe) [22 of 24]

Lucky Day (Philippines) [65 of 71]

Sensho (先勝 Japan) [Good luck in the morning, bad luck in the afternoon.]

Umu Limnu (Evil Day; Babylonian Calendar; 55 of 60)

Premieres

The Banker’s Daughter (Disney Cartoon; 1927)

Before I Disappear (Film; 2014)

Bob the Builder (Kids TV Series; 1998)

Briefcase Full of Blues, by The Blues Brothers (Album; 1978)

Cats A-Weigh! (WB MM Cartoon; 1953)

Chip an’ Dale (Disney Cartoon; 1947)

A Christmas Carol (Film; 1951)

Christmas Time Is Here Again, by The Beatles (Fan Club Song; 1967)

Circus, by Britney Spears (Album; 2008)

The Continental Op, by Dashiell Hammett (Short Stories; 1930)

The CooCoo Nut Grove (WB MM Cartoon; 1936)

Down to Earth or Me and My Shatter (Rocky & Bullwinkle Cartoon, S3, Ep. 130; 1961)

Elvis: the Musical (London Musical; 1977)

Flight 714 to Sydney, by Hergé (Graphic Novel; 1968) [Tintin #22]

Grand Ole Opry (Radio/TV Music Series; 1925)

The Group, by Mary McCarthy (Novel; 1963)

Hittin’ the Trail for Hallelujah Land (WB MM Cartoon; 1931)

The Imitation Game (Film; 2014)

I Would Die 4 U, by Prince (Song; 1984)

Many a Thousand Gone or The Haul of Fame (Rocky & Bullwinkle Cartoon, S3, Ep. 129; 1961)

Meet Me in St. Louis (Film; 1944)

Misty of Chincoteague, by Marguerite Henry (Novel; 1947)

Nagina (Film; 1986)

Paddington (Film; 2014)

Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-Flat Major, “The Emperor Concerto,” by Ludwig Van Beethoven (Concerto; 1811)

Three Little Beers (Three Stooges short film; 1935)

Today’s Name Days

Berta, Gunther, Jakob (Austria)

Držislav, Jakov (Croatia)

René (Czech Republic)

Magdalene, Sophie (Denmark)

Laima, Niina, Raima (Estonia)

Heini, Kaisla (Finland)

Jacques (France)

Albrecht, Berta, Jakob (Germany)

Irinarhos (Greece)

Stefánia (Hungary)

Fausta (Italy)

Lukrēcija, Olita, Rīta, Vita (Latvia)

Rimgaudas, Rufas, Vakarė (Lithuania)

Ruben, Rut (Norway)

Gościrad, Grzegorz, Jakub, Lesław, Lesława, Rufin, Zdzisław (Poland)

Irinarh, Stefan (Romania)

Henrieta (Slovakia)

Catalina, Jaime, Santiago, Urbano (Spain)

Malte (Sweden)

Rad, Radomyr (Ukraine)

Nola, Nolan, Nolana, Norton (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 332 of 2024; 33 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 2 of week 48 of 2023

Celtic Tree Calendar: Ruis (Elder) [Day 1 of 28]

Chinese: Month 10 (Gui-Hai), Day 16 (Geng-Yin)

Chinese Year of the: Rabbit 4721 (until February 10, 2024)

Hebrew: 15 Kislev 5784

Islamic: 15 Jumada I 1445

J Cal: 2 Zima; Twosday [2 of 30]

Julian: 15 November 2023

Moon: 98%: Waning Gibbous

Positivist: 24 Frederic (12th Month) [Washington]

Runic Half Month: Is (Stasis) [Day 3 of 15]

Season: Autumn (Day 66 of 89)

Zodiac: Sagittarius (Day 7 of 30)

Calendar Changes

Ruis (Elder) [Celtic Tree Calendar; Month 13 of 13]

#calendar #Holidays

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brookstonalmanac · 1 year ago

Text

Holidays 11.28

Holidays

Auto Race Day

Bedfordshire Day (UK)

Bukovina Day (Romania)

Constitution Day (Abkhazia)

Decorate Your Dog Day

Feast of the Miraculous Medal

Flag Day (Albania, Kosovo)

Giving News Day

Gone-ta-Pott Day [every 28th]

Heroes’ Day (Sri Lanka)

Honey Day (French Republic)

Hōonkō (Japan)

Hug a Furry Day

International Day of the Mediterranean

It’s Letter Writing Day

Make Your Own Head Day

Molossaphone Day (Republic of Molossia)

National Alan Day

National Big Time Rush Day

National Cole Day

National Day of the Deaf (Mexico)

National Madison Day

National Patrick Day

Nice Knee-High Socks Day (Japan)

Navy Day (Iran)

Red Planet Day

Republic Day (Burundi; Chad; Congo)

Royal Society Day

Skywriting Day

World Compassion Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Cake Remembrance Day (Cakeland)

National French Toast Day

4th & Last Tuesday in November

Crypto Giving Tuesday [Tuesday after Thanksgiving]

Giving Tuesday [Tuesday after Thanksgiving]

National Day of Mourning (United American Indians of New England) [4th Tuesday]

Strange Names Day [Last Tuesday]

Throw Out Your Leftovers Day [Tuesday after Thanksgiving]

Travel Deal Tuesday [Last Tuesday]

Independence Days

Albania (from the Ottoman Empire, 1912)

East Timor (from Portugal, 1975)

Francisville (Declared; 2008) [unrecognized]

Hawaii (from France & UK; 1843)

Mauritania (from France, 1960)

Panama (from Spain, 1821)

Westland Province Day (New Zealand)

Feast Days

Acacius, Hirenarchus, and companions, of Sebaste (Christian; Saint)

Ascension of `Abdu'l-Bahá (Bahá'í)

Blue Cheese Day (Pastafarian)

Catherine Labouré (Christian; Saint)

Emma (Anglican Church of Hawaii)

Feast of the Holy Sovereigns (Episcopal Diocese of Hawaii)

Herman of Alaska (The anniversary of his actual death; Eastern Orthodox)

James of the Marches (Christian; Saint)

Kamehameha and Emma (Episcopal Church (USA))

Moltar Day (Church of the SubGenius)

Our Lady of Kibeho (Christian; Saint)

Gregory III, Pope (Christian; Saint)

Morris Lewis (Artology)

Rufus (No. 8; Christian; Saint)

The Rural Dionysia (Fertility Festival to Dionysus; Ancient Greece)

Sophia’s Day (Pagan)

Space Ghost Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Stephen the Younger (Christian; Saint)

Waldo Woodpecker (Muppetism)

Washington (Positivist; Saint)

William Blake (Artology)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Dismal Day (Unlucky or Evil Day; Medieval Europe; 22 of 24)

Egyptian Day (Unlucky Day; Middle Ages Europe) [22 of 24]

Lucky Day (Philippines) [65 of 71]

Sensho (先勝 Japan) [Good luck in the morning, bad luck in the afternoon.]

Umu Limnu (Evil Day; Babylonian Calendar; 55 of 60)

Premieres

The Banker’s Daughter (Disney Cartoon; 1927)

Before I Disappear (Film; 2014)

Bob the Builder (Kids TV Series; 1998)

Briefcase Full of Blues, by The Blues Brothers (Album; 1978)

Cats A-Weigh! (WB MM Cartoon; 1953)

Chip an’ Dale (Disney Cartoon; 1947)

A Christmas Carol (Film; 1951)

Christmas Time Is Here Again, by The Beatles (Fan Club Song; 1967)

Circus, by Britney Spears (Album; 2008)

The Continental Op, by Dashiell Hammett (Short Stories; 1930)

The CooCoo Nut Grove (WB MM Cartoon; 1936)

Down to Earth or Me and My Shatter (Rocky & Bullwinkle Cartoon, S3, Ep. 130; 1961)

Elvis: the Musical (London Musical; 1977)

Flight 714 to Sydney, by Hergé (Graphic Novel; 1968) [Tintin #22]

Grand Ole Opry (Radio/TV Music Series; 1925)

The Group, by Mary McCarthy (Novel; 1963)

Hittin’ the Trail for Hallelujah Land (WB MM Cartoon; 1931)

The Imitation Game (Film; 2014)

I Would Die 4 U, by Prince (Song; 1984)

Many a Thousand Gone or The Haul of Fame (Rocky & Bullwinkle Cartoon, S3, Ep. 129; 1961)

Meet Me in St. Louis (Film; 1944)

Misty of Chincoteague, by Marguerite Henry (Novel; 1947)

Nagina (Film; 1986)

Paddington (Film; 2014)

Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-Flat Major, “The Emperor Concerto,” by Ludwig Van Beethoven (Concerto; 1811)

Three Little Beers (Three Stooges short film; 1935)

Today’s Name Days

Berta, Gunther, Jakob (Austria)

Držislav, Jakov (Croatia)

René (Czech Republic)

Magdalene, Sophie (Denmark)

Laima, Niina, Raima (Estonia)

Heini, Kaisla (Finland)

Jacques (France)

Albrecht, Berta, Jakob (Germany)

Irinarhos (Greece)

Stefánia (Hungary)

Fausta (Italy)

Lukrēcija, Olita, Rīta, Vita (Latvia)

Rimgaudas, Rufas, Vakarė (Lithuania)

Ruben, Rut (Norway)

Gościrad, Grzegorz, Jakub, Lesław, Lesława, Rufin, Zdzisław (Poland)

Irinarh, Stefan (Romania)

Henrieta (Slovakia)

Catalina, Jaime, Santiago, Urbano (Spain)

Malte (Sweden)

Rad, Radomyr (Ukraine)

Nola, Nolan, Nolana, Norton (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 332 of 2024; 33 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 2 of week 48 of 2023

Celtic Tree Calendar: Ruis (Elder) [Day 1 of 28]

Chinese: Month 10 (Gui-Hai), Day 16 (Geng-Yin)

Chinese Year of the: Rabbit 4721 (until February 10, 2024)

Hebrew: 15 Kislev 5784

Islamic: 15 Jumada I 1445

J Cal: 2 Zima; Twosday [2 of 30]

Julian: 15 November 2023

Moon: 98%: Waning Gibbous

Positivist: 24 Frederic (12th Month) [Washington]

Runic Half Month: Is (Stasis) [Day 3 of 15]

Season: Autumn (Day 66 of 89)

Zodiac: Sagittarius (Day 7 of 30)

Calendar Changes

Ruis (Elder) [Celtic Tree Calendar; Month 13 of 13]

#Holidays

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kappavision · 2 years ago

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The Malta Railway was the only railway line ever on the island of #Malta. It consisted of a single railway line from Valletta to a valley between Mdina and Mtarfa, in Rabat. THE MALTA RAILWAY - IL-VAPUR TA’ L-ART From 1883, Malta’s railway service started operating its single-track line in metre gauge. The train passed by several localities and was not only intended for civil purposes, but also for military ones, as in Mtarfa there were various British military installations. The Malta Railway was known in Maltese as “il-vapur ta’ l-art” (the land ship). It operated for 48 years from 1883 to 1931. The trip from Valletta to Mdina took approximately 35 minutes. The railway passenger train made its last journey on the 31st of March 1931. ONE LINE, 11KM LONG AND THE ONLY EVER IN MALTA Inaugurated on the 28th of February 1883, the Malta Railway covered a total of 11 kilometres with stations at Valletta, Floriana, Ħamrun, Birkirkara and Attard apart from the one at Rabat. Joseph Grima also notes that J. Pearson & Sons Ltd brought three standard-gauge locomotives to Malta during the construction of the Grand Harbour breakwater in 1904. The Malta Railway Company was established in 1880 and opened a railway line that ran from Valletta to Vittoriosa (Birgu), via Zabbar, Żejtun and Cospicua. The line was extended to Marsa in 1883 and was a standard-gauge railway. The Royal Navy also had an internal standard-gauge railway in the dockyard. THE CARRIAGES The carriages of the trains were made of wood on iron frames. The seats were parallel to the line on both sides of an aisle. Originally illuminated by candles, this was changed to electricity, powered by batteries, in 1900. THE FLORIANA STATION The railway line to Mdina commenced in Valletta, running from the erstwhile Yellow Garage beneath Valletta’s City Gate and up to the Pinetum, passing underneath the fortifications through a tunnel almost one kilometre long and emerging at open ground near Portes des Bombes below St. Philip’s Bastion (see photo ). This section was converted to the Malta Telephone Exchange after the railway line was closed, but has long been disused itself. Continues in comments (at Floriana, Malta) https://www.instagram.com/p/CqOMy7WIZkH/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

#malta

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lboogie1906 · 2 years ago

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Reverend Mance Jackson (1931- March 16, 2007) a minister of the Bethel CME Church was a part of this new local group. He was one of many activists frustrated with the slow, quiet attempts by some more liberal Seattleites to relocate African Americans outside of the Central District. Open housing was one of the most prominent goals of the Seattle civil rights movement in the 1960s. African Americans in Seattle were almost completely restricted to housing in the Central District of the city. Housing restrictions were not based on laws but were socially enforced by both homeowners and real estate agents through racially restrictive housing covenants and in some cases violence and intimidation. Seattle African Americans lost the legal basis to challenge residential discrimination when the Washington State Supreme Court ruled in O’Meara v. WSBAD that the 1957 Washington Civil Rights Act did not apply to real estate transactions involving Federal Housing Authority loans. Since the vast majority of loans were FHA guaranteed, the ruling eliminated legal protection from racial discrimination in housing transactions. Much of the Seattle African American community now united behind the Central Area Civil Rights Committee to challenge housing and other types of discrimination. Seattle Mayor Gordon Clinton and his Committee on Minority Housing recommended a fair housing ordinance. The Mayor and city council had failed to take any action so on July 1st, 1963 Rev. Jackson along with Rev. Samuel McKinney, led a 400-person protest march from Mt. Zion Baptist Church to City Hall. The march was followed by Seattle’s first sit-in, in which several young protesters took over the Mayor’s office for nearly 24 hours. On August 28th, 1963 he helped lead a 1,000-person march from First AME Church to the Federal courthouse. The demonstrations continued until the fall of 1963. On October 20, 1963, the city council enacted an open housing ordinance; opponents had it placed as a measure on the ballot for the March 10th, 1964 election and it was voted down by more than a 2-1 margin. An open housing measure was not adopted until four years later. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence https://www.instagram.com/p/Cp2Xfeyr7Nh/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

#africanhistory365 #africanexcellence

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mediaheights · 2 years ago

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Every tiny molecule of Ash is in motion with my heat I am such a Lunatic that I am free even in jail. - Bhagat Singh. Born on 28th September 1907 in Banga, Punjab, British India (present-day Punjab, Pakistan), Shaheed Bhagat Singh died on 23rd March 1931 at the age of 23 in Central Gaol, Lahore, British India . Build your brand with digital media & take the benefits of social media branding contact Media Heights. By Mediaheightspr.com

#Inboundmarketing MEDIAHEIGHTS digitalmarketingcompany searchengineoptimization content instagrammarketing advertisingagency web MEDIAHEIGHTS

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greatworldwar2 · 3 years ago

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• IJN Aircraft Carrier Hiryū

Hiryū (飛龍, "Flying Dragon") was an aircraft carrier built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the 1930s. Generally regarded as the only ship of her class, she was built to a modified Sōryū design.

Hiryū was one of two large carriers approved for construction under the 1931–32 Supplementary Program. Originally designed as the sister ship of Sōryū, her design was enlarged and modified in light of the Tomozuru and Fourth Fleet Incidents in 1934–1935 that revealed many IJN ships were top-heavy, unstable and structurally weak. Her forecastle was raised and her hull strengthened. Other changes involved increasing her beam, displacement, and armor protection. The ship had a length of 227.4 meters (746 ft 1 in) overall, a beam of 22.3 meters (73 ft 2 in) and a draft of 7.8 meters (25 ft 7 in). She displaced 17,600 metric tons (17,300 long tons) at standard load and 20,570 metric tons (20,250 long tons) at normal load. Her crew consisted of 1,100 officers and enlisted men. Hiryū was fitted with four geared steam turbine sets with a total of 153,000 shaft horsepower (114,000 kW). Hiryū carried 4,500 metric tons (4,400 long tons) of fuel oil which gave her a range of 10,330 nautical miles (19,130 km; 11,890 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph). The boiler uptakes were trunked to the ship's starboard side amidships and exhausted just below flight deck level through two funnels curved downward.

The carrier's 216.9-meter (711 ft 7 in) flight deck was 27 meters (88 ft 6 in) wide and overhung her superstructure at both ends, supported by pairs of pillars. Hiryū was one of only two carriers ever built whose island was on the port side of the ship (Akagi was the other). It was also positioned further to the rear and encroached on the width of the flight deck, unlike Sōryū. The flight deck was only 12.8 meters (42 ft) above the waterline and the ship's designers kept this figure low by reducing the height of the hangars. The upper hangar was 171.3 by 18.3 meters (562 by 60 ft) and had an approximate height of 4.6 meters (15 ft); the lower was 142.3 by 18.3 meters (467 by 60 ft) and had an approximate height of 4.3 meters (14 ft). Together they had an approximate total area of 5,736 square meters (61,740 sq ft). This caused problems in handling aircraft because the wings of a Nakajima B5N "Kate" torpedo bomber could neither be spread nor folded in the upper hangar. Aircraft were transported between the hangars and the flight deck by three elevators, the forward one abreast the island on the centerline and the other two offset to starboard.

Hiryū's primary anti-aircraft (AA) armament consisted of six twin-gun mounts equipped with 12.7-centimeter Type 89 dual-purpose guns mounted on projecting sponsons, three on either side of the carrier's hull. When firing at surface targets, the guns had a range of 14,700 meters (16,100 yd); they had a maximum ceiling of 9,440 meters (30,970 ft) at their maximum elevation of +90 degrees. Their maximum rate of fire was 14 rounds a minute, but their sustained rate of fire was approximately eight rounds per minute. The ship was equipped with two Type 94 fire-control directors to control the 12.7-centimeter (5.0 in) guns, one for each side of the ship; the starboard-side director was on top of the island and the other director was positioned below flight deck level on the port side. The ship's light AA armament consisted of seven triple and five twin-gun mounts for license-built Hotchkiss 25 mm Type 96 AA guns. Two of the triple mounts were sited on a platform just below the forward end of the flight deck. Hiryū had a waterline belt with a maximum thickness of 150 millimeters (5.9 in) over the magazines that reduced to 90 millimeters (3.5 in) over the machinery spaces and the gas storage tanks. It was backed by an internal anti-splinter bulkhead. The ship's deck was 25 millimeters (0.98 in) thick over the machinery spaces and 55 millimeters (2.2 in) thick over the magazines and gas storage tanks.

Following the Japanese ship-naming conventions for aircraft carriers, Hiryū was named "Flying Dragon". The ship was laid down at the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal on July 8th, 1936, launched on November 16th, 1937 and commissioned on July 5th, 1939. She was assigned to the Second Carrier Division on November 15th. In September 1940, the ship's air group was transferred to Hainan Island to support the Japanese invasion of French Indochina. In February 1941, Hiryū supported the blockade of Southern China. Two months later, the 2nd Carrier Division, commanded by Rear Admiral Tamon Yamaguchi, was assigned to the First Air Fleet, or Kido Butai, on April 10th. Hiryū returned to Japan on August 7th and began a short refit that was completed on September 15th. She became flagship of the Second Division from September 22nd to October 26th while Sōryū was refitting. In November 1941, the IJN's Combined Fleet, commanded by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, prepared to participate in Japan's initiation of a formal war with the United States by conducting a preemptive strike against the United States Navy's Pacific Fleet base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. On November 22nd, Hiryū, commanded by Captain Tomeo Kaku, and the rest of the Kido Butai, under Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo and including six fleet carriers from the First, Second, and Fifth Carrier Divisions, assembled in Hitokappu Bay at Etorofu Island. The fleet departed Etorofu, and followed a course across the north-central Pacific to avoid commercial shipping lanes. Now the flagship of the Second Carrier Division, the ship embarked 21 Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters, 18 Aichi D3A "Val" dive bombers, and 18 Nakajima B5N "Kate" torpedo bombers. From a position 230 nmi (430 km; 260 mi) north of Oahu, Hiryū and the other five carriers launched two waves of aircraft on the morning of December 7th, 1941 Hawaiian time. In the first wave, 8 B5N torpedo bombers were supposed to attack the aircraft carriers that normally berthed on the northwest side of Ford Island, but none were in Pearl Harbor that day; 4 of the B5N pilots diverted to their secondary target, ships berthed alongside "1010 Pier" where the fleet flagship was usually moored. That ship, the battleship Pennsylvania, was in drydock and its position was occupied by the light cruiser Helena and the minelayer Oglala; all four torpedoes missed. The other four pilots attacked the battleships West Virginia and Oklahoma. The remaining 10 B5Ns were tasked to drop 800-kilogram (1,800 lb) armor-piercing bombs on the battleships berthed on the southeast side of Ford Island ("Battleship Row") and may have scored one or two hits on them, in addition to causing a magazine explosion aboard the battleship Arizona that sank her with heavy loss of life. The second wave consisted of 9 Zeros and 18 D3As, They strafed the airfield, and shot down two Curtiss P-40 fighters attempting to take off when the Zeros arrived and a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bomber that had earlier diverted from Hickam Army Airfield, and also destroyed a Stinson O-49 observation aircraft on the ground for the loss of one of their own. The D3As attacked various ships in Pearl Harbor, but it is not possible to identify which aircraft attacked which ship.

While returning to Japan after the attack, Vice Admiral Chūichi Nagumo, commander of the First Air Fleet, ordered that Sōryū and Hiryū be detached on December 16th to attack the defenders of Wake Island who had already defeated the first Japanese attack on the island. The two carriers reached the vicinity of the island on December 21st and launched 29 D3As and 2 B5Ns, escorted by 18 Zeros, to attack ground targets. They encountered no aerial opposition and launched 35 B5Ns and 6 A6M Zeros the following day. The carriers arrived at Kure on 29 December. They were assigned to the Southern Force on January 8th, 1942 and departed four days later for the Dutch East Indies. The ships supported the invasion of the Palau Islands and the Battle of Ambon, attacking Allied positions on the island on January 23rd with 54 aircraft. Four days later the carriers detached 18 Zeros and 9 D3As to operate from land bases in support of Japanese operations in the Battle of Borneo. Hiryū and Sōryū arrived at Palau on January 28th and waited for the arrival of the carriers Kaga and Akagi. All four carriers departed Palau on February 15th and launched air strikes against Darwin, Australia, four days later. Hiryū contributed 18 B5Ns, 18 D3As, and 9 Zeros to the attack. Her aircraft attacked the ships in port and its facilities, sinking or setting on fire three ships and damaging two others. Hiryū and the other carriers arrived at Staring Bay on Celebes Island on February 21st to resupply and rest before departing four days later to support the invasion of Java. On March 1st, 1942, the ship's D3As damaged the destroyer USS Edsall badly enough for her to be caught and sunk by Japanese cruisers. Later that day the dive bombers sank the oil tanker USS Pecos. Two days later, they attacked Christmas Island and Hiryū's aircraft sank the Dutch freighter Poelau Bras before returning to Staring Bay on March 11th to resupply and train for the impending Indian Ocean raid.

On March 26th, the five carriers of the First Air Fleet departed from Staring Bay; they were spotted by a Catalina about 350 nautical miles (650 km; 400 mi) southeast of Ceylon on the morning of April 4th. Six of Hiryū's Zeros were on Combat Air Patrol (CAP) and helped to shoot it down. Hiryū contributed 18 B5Ns and 9 Zeros to the force; the latter encountered a flight of 6 Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers from 788 Naval Air Squadron en route and shot them all down without loss. The Japanese aircraft encountered defending Hawker Hurricane fighters from Nos. 30 and 258 Squadrons RAF over Ratmalana airfield and Hiryū's fighters claimed to have shot down 11 with 3 Zeros damaged, although the fighters from the other carriers also made claims. On the morning of April 9th, Hiryū's CAP shot down another Catalina attempting to locate the fleet and, later that morning, contributed 18 B5Ns, escorted by 6 Zeros, to the attack on Trincomalee. The fighters engaged 261 Squadron RAF, claiming to have shot down two with two more shared with fighters from the other carriers. On April 19th, while transiting the Bashi Straits between Taiwan and Luzon en route to Japan, Hiryū, Sōryū, and Akagi were sent in pursuit of the American carriers Hornet and Enterprise, which had launched the Doolittle Raid against Tokyo. They found only empty ocean, as the American carriers had immediately departed the area to return to Hawaii. The carriers quickly abandoned the chase and dropped anchor at Hashirajima anchorage on April 22nd. Having been engaged in constant operations for four and a half months, the ship, along with the other three carriers of the First and Second Carrier Divisions, was hurriedly refitted and replenished in preparation for the Combined Fleet's next major operation, scheduled to begin one month hence. While at Hashirajima, Hiryū's air group was based ashore at Tomitaka Airfield, near Saiki, Ōita, and conducted flight and weapons training with the other First Air Fleet carrier units.

Concerned by the US carrier strikes in the Marshall Islands, Lae-Salamaua, and the Doolittle raids, Yamamoto was determined to force the US Navy into a showdown to eliminate the American carrier threat. He decided to invade and occupy Midway Atoll, which he was sure would draw out the American carriers to defend it. The Japanese codenamed the Midway invasion Operation MI. Unknown to the Japanese, the US Navy had divined the Japanese plan by breaking its JN-25 code and had prepared an ambush using its three available carriers, positioned northeast of Midway. On May 25th, 1942, Hiryū set out with the Combined Fleet's carrier striking force in the company of Kaga, Akagi, and Sōryū, which constituted the First and Second Carrier Divisions, for the attack on Midway. Her aircraft complement consisted of 18 Zeros, 18 D3As, and 18 B5Ns. on June 4th, 1942, Hiryū's portion of the 108-plane airstrike was an attack on the facilities on Sand Island with 18 torpedo bombers, one of which aborted with mechanical problems, escorted by nine Zeros. The air group suffered heavily during the attack: two B5Ns were shot down by fighters, with a third falling victim to AA fire. The carrier also contributed 3 Zeros to the total of 11 assigned to the initial CAP over the four carriers. By 07:05, the carrier had 6 fighters with the CAP which helped to defend the Kido Butai from the first US attackers from Midway Island at 07:10. Hiryū reinforced the CAP with launches of 3 more Zeros at 08:25. These fresh Zeros helped defeat the next American air strike from Midway. Although all the American air strikes had thus far caused negligible damage, they kept the Japanese carrier forces off-balance as Nagumo endeavored to prepare a response to news, received at 08:20, of the sighting of American carrier forces to his northeast.

Hiryū began recovering her Midway strike force at around 09:00 and finished shortly by 09:10. The landed aircraft were quickly struck below, while the carriers' crews began preparations to spot aircraft for the strike against the American carrier forces. The preparations were interrupted at 09:18, when the first attacking American carrier aircraft were sighted. Hiryū launched another trio of CAP Zeros at 10:13 after Torpedo Squadron 3 (VT-3) from Yorktown was spotted. Two of her Zeros were shot down by Wildcats escorting VT-3 and another was forced to ditch. While VT-3 was still attacking Hiryū, American dive bombers arrived over the Japanese carriers almost undetected and began their dives. It was at this time, around 10:20, that in the words of Jonathan Parshall and Anthony Tully, the "Japanese air defenses would finally and catastrophically fail." Three American dive bomber squadrons now attacked the three other carriers and set each of them on fire. Hiryū was untouched and proceeded to launch 18 D3As, escorted by six Zeros, at 10:54. Yamaguchi radioed his intention to Nagumo at 16:30 to launch a third strike against the American carriers at dusk (approximately 18:00), but Nagumo ordered the fleet to withdraw to the west. At this point in the battle, Hiryū had only 4 air-worthy dive-bombers and 5 torpedo-planes left. She also retained 19 of her own fighters on board as well as a further 13 Zeros on CAP (a composite force of survivors from the other carriers). At 16:45, Enterprise's dive bombers spotted the Japanese carrier and began to maneuver for good attacking position while reducing altitude. Hiryū was struck by four 1,000-pound (450 kg) bombs, three on the forward flight deck and one on the forward elevator. The explosions started fires among the aircraft on the hangar deck. The forward half of the flight deck collapsed into the hangar while part of the elevator was hurled against the ship's bridge. The fires were severe enough that the remaining American aircraft attacked the other ships escorting Hiryū, albeit without effect, deeming further attacks on the carrier as a waste of time because she was aflame from stem to stern. Beginning at 17:42, two groups of B-17s attempted to attack the Japanese ships without success, although one bomber strafed Hiryū's flight deck, killing several anti-aircraft gunners. Although Hiryū's propulsion was not affected, the fires could not be brought under control. At 21:23, her engines stopped, and at 23:58 a major explosion rocked the ship. The order to abandon ship was given at 03:15, and the survivors were taken off by the destroyers Kazagumo and Makigumo. Yamaguchi and Kaku decided to remain on board as Hiryū was torpedoed at 05:10 by Makigumo as the ship could not be salvaged. Around 07:00, one of Hōshō's Yokosuka B4Y aircraft discovered Hiryū still afloat and not in any visible danger of sinking. The aviators could also see crewmen aboard the carrier, men who had not received word to abandon ship. They finally launched some of the carrier's boats and abandoned ship themselves around 09:00. Thirty-nine men made it into the ship's cutter only moments before Hiryū sank around 09:12, taking the bodies of 389 men with her. The loss of Hiryū and the three other IJN carriers at Midway, comprising two thirds of Japan's total number of fleet carriers and the experienced core of the First Air Fleet, was a strategic defeat for Japan and contributed significantly to Japan's ultimate defeat in the war. In an effort to conceal the defeat, the ship was not immediately removed from the Navy's registry of ships, instead being listed as "unmanned" before finally being struck from the registry on 25 September 1942. The IJN selected a modified version of the Hiryū design for mass production to replace the carriers lost at Midway. Of a planned program of 16 ships of the Unryū class, only 6 were laid down and 3 were commissioned before the end of the war.

#second world war #world war 2 #world war ii #wwii #military history #history #long post #naval history #imperial japan #japanese navy #japanese history #aircraft carrier #ships #midway

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