#late neolithic
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thelonelybarrow · 11 months ago
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sundown at solstice (2223BCE)
merry midwinter folks!!
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homregeszet · 11 months ago
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Kedvenc tárgy
2️⃣2️⃣🎀🎄
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Jó-jó lehet nem szép dolog kivételezni, de szerintem minden régésznek megvan a maga kis kedvence, egy tárgytípus, vagy konkrét tárgy, ami valami oknál fogva különösen közel áll hozzá. Persze előfordul, hogy több kedvenc is van, hiszen sok szép dolgot ásunk ki a föld mélyéről és a raktáraink is tele vannak mutatós darabokkal.
Az enyémek az edények. Lenyűgözőek az őskori, kézzel készített, szépen, sok esetben művészien megformált és kidolgozott bükki bomba formájú edények, a rézkori csőtalpas vagy éppen a bronzkori svédsisak alakú tálak.
Egyik kedvencem azonban mégis ez a késő neolitikus textildíszítésű pohárka (Sárazsadány, Kr. e. 5000-4500/4400) a maga egyszerű kidolgozásával, de annál érdekesebb mintakincsével.
Hajdu Melinda
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a-modernmajorgeneral · 5 months ago
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A dolmen (/ˈdɒlmɛn/) or portal tomb is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more upright megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal capstone or "table". Most date from the Late Neolithic period (4000–3000 BCE) and were sometimes covered with earth or smaller stones to form a tumulus (burial mound). Small pad-stones may be wedged between the cap and supporting stones to achieve a level appearance.[1] In many instances, the covering has eroded away, leaving only the stone "skeleton".
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Dolmen of the Pierre Levée, La Chapelle-Vendômoise
This limestone dolmen is located just south of La Chapelle-Vendômoise in the Loir-et-Cher department in central France. It is a classic Angevin dolmen, which face east and have a lowered anteroom (portico) leading to a larger room. It is thought to date as far back as the Neolithic period and is still in nearly complete condition.
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lionofchaeronea · 1 year ago
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Stone block from the prehistoric temple at Buġibba, Malta, bearing a carved image of fish. The temple was excavated by the Maltese archaeologist Themistocles Zammit in the early 1920s and dates to the Tarxien phase of Maltese prehistory (ca. 3100-2500 BCE), the last phase prior to the Bronze Age. This block, along with an altar from the temple, is now located in the National Museum of Archaeology, Valletta.
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beetlebite · 11 months ago
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you guys ever think abouut how many people have died over time
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archaeologyinbulgaria · 1 month ago
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Special Jubilee Exhibition Extended Due to Huge Interest in Startling Finds from 20 Years of Digs at Provadiya-Solnitsata Prehistoric Settlement – Europe’s Oldest Town
A poster for The Lords of Salt exhibition dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the archaeological excavations of the Provadiya-Solnitsata Settlement Mound in Northeast Bulgaria. Poster by the National Institute and Museum of Archaeology of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences The special jubilee exhibition entitled “The Lords of Salt,” which was opened in June 2024 in Sofia, has just been extended…
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phoenix-joy · 6 months ago
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Author: Sonja Anderson Publication: Smithsonian Magazine Timestamp: April 30, 2024 Word Count: 515 Estimated Reading Time: 1.5 to 2.5 minutes
[Note: I left the physical description out, so click through to the article if you want to read that information]
Extracts (Word Count: 289, Estimated Reading Time: 1 to 2 minutes)
A structure [with a unique shape has been discovered] in France …
[The] French National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research (INRAP) unearthed the monument while excavating a prehistoric site in… Marliens. …
“This type of monument seems unprecedented,” notes INRAP… “As of now, it has been impossible to make a comparison.”
Researchers [used] a “plethora of artifacts” found at the site [to estimate its date]. These include a bundle of seven stone arrowheads, a couple of protective armbands worn by archers, a flint lighter and a copper-alloy dagger.
[T]hese items may date back to the time of the Bell Beaker culture, which originated in the Iberian Peninsula and spread across Europe some 4,500 years ago. …
[E]vidence of human occupation from later periods, including several wells thought to date to the Early Bronze Age, [has also been discovered at the site]. …
[T]he Middle-Late Bronze Age … is [also] represented on site by a necropolis consisting of five circular enclosures. None of the [bones of those buried at the site have survived except those that had been cremated]. But five [copper alloy] pins … and a[n amber] necklace … found nearby suggest … date[s] … between 1500 and 1300 B.C.E.
[A] second necropolis [at the site contains] six urns holding cremated remains, [and] a cache of bracelets and rings. Researchers believe this burial ground dates to the First Iron Age …
[S]cholars are … studying the remains to learn … about the funerary practices of the[ir] society ….
The … monument remains this site’s oldest and most unique feature. Researchers have … made no determinations about the structure’s purpose or exact date of creation.
““…radiocarbon analyses are underway to clarify the chronology of this monument.” [the statement says]
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enbycrip · 30 days ago
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So the oldest method of spinning used the spindle, most commonly weighted suspended spindles such as drop spindles. Spinning as a craft involves turning individual fibres - of animal hair or vegetable matter such as cotton of flax fibres - into a long thread, piece of yarn or rope. Drop spindles have been found in many Neolithic graves and other archaeological sites.
A suspended spindle hangs from the yarn/thread as it is produced and is weighted so that it hangs downwards, aiding the process via gravity. It is frequently used alongside a distaff, a long stick the spinner wraps the completed yarn/thread around as it is produced to avoid it getting tangled or snarled.
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There is increasing evidence that spinning was not a strictly gendered activity in cultures in the Neolithic period, or at least not within the gender binary imposed on the past by 19th and 20th century historians. This joins a growing body of evidence that gender roles were considerably less common in human prehistory, if they existed at all.
Because European and many Asian cultures from at least the early medieval period onwards considered spinning to be a “feminine” craft, bodies from Neolithic graves were assumed to be what the archaeologists who excavated them would consider female simply by the presence of a spindle and distaff in the grave. Modern bioarchaeology has meant genetic testing of more prehistoric human remains has become not only possible, but reasonably affordable, and has found that these remains have a much wider chromosomal variation than those excavators would have expected. Because we don’t have any written records from prehistory, which is what actually *makes* it prehistory, we have no real idea of how various Neolithic cultures conceived of gender, let alone how many genders they had or how, or indeed if, they related them to physical characteristics.
The joy of suspended spindles and distaffs are that they are incredibly portable. In recorded history, in premodern Europe and Asia in particular, there are multiple records of women carrying their distaffs and spindles with them on their backs as they went about their daily chores in rural communities, often alongside infants. It was common for village women to spin communally in the open, as houses often had limited sources of light.
The origin of the spinning wheel is disputed; there are potential origins in China and in India, and it may be been invented independently in more than one place. It seems to have been invented in late antiquity or the very early medieval period, whatever its origins, and seems to have been in common use across at lot of Asia by the 10th-11th century CE.
Textiles do not survive particularly well in the archaeological record outside very specific circumstances; it is difficult to tell if thread woven by a skilled spinster was made using hand spinning or a wheel, and references in documents are often not remotely clear!
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Visual art can be more helpful than writing in tracing histories of technology. The two images above here are details from Chinese art from the Song Dynasty, about 1270 CE, and early 14th century European art. Both of them clearly show female spinsters.
Spinning wheels allowed much faster work, but also tied the spinster to one location. One of the reasons drop spindles stayed in use long after spinning wheels became common was their portability. Another was their cheapness; especially for spinsters working to clothe only their own domestic household, it was not always easy to afford a spinning wheel. They were inherited because they were valuable and difficult to replace, made by skilled craftspeople. A drop spindle, on the other hand, could reasonably be whittled by a farmer for domestic use.
So this meme about “spinster originally being a word for a woman so good at weaving she was financially independent” seems to have made it into pretty much every group I follow, so after the best part of a week biting my hands not correcting it so as not to undercut the broader point, I’ve now been *forced* to correct it (badly) and write a screed of additional context just for my own sanity.
“Spinster” is indeed a word for women who became financially independent through the cloth and garment-making trade, but by SPINNING, ie making thread from fibres, rather than by WEAVING, which is making cloth out of thread. You can tell by the title being SPINster, not WEAVEster!
The “-ster” suffix indicates that the title is feminine; you can see it in other surnames like “sangster” and “brewster”.
This actually points to one of the traditional points about female-dominated practices; while weaving within the household to make cloth for members of the household was traditionally almost entirely done by women in the house, when weaving became a well-paid trade regulated by guilds, men began doing it and rapidly pushed out the women weavesters or websters who had started the profession and originally trained most of the male weavers.
This never happened with spinsters because spinning was never as lucrative as weaving and thus it never became a guild-regulated profession; it remained a trade women in the household practiced to supplement household income.
Single women could habitually manage to support themselves on their earnings from it, including single women living in lodgings in urban centres as well as single women living in their own cottages in rural places, which was incredibly valuable to them.
This points to one of the ways trade unions, the more modern and proletarian-focused version of guilds, are not *simply by their existence* a solution for worker liberation. Trade unions, like guilds, have frequently enforced societal misogyny by favouring male and male-read workers over female and female-read workers, often actively undercutting the needs of female and female-read workers, because of the societal trope that “men were supporting a family” and “women were working for pocket money”. this kept on applying even when many female and female-read workers were primary wage earners.
Men, especially cis men, in trade union spaces have a responsibility to keep your union intersectionally-aware and actively seek female and nonbinary delegates, officers and activists to fill roles.
As everyone who is privileged in any axis - male, white, cishet, abled - has a responsibility to actively seek representation from marginalised folk, and to actively canvas marginalised folk you represent to make sure you are fighting for needs you may not perceive. It’s easily possible for instruments of liberation to end up marginalising and oppressing marginalised folks unless there is an ongoing commitment to inclusive and liberating practice in them.
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victusinveritas · 2 months ago
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In 2014, a shocking discovery emerged from south Lolland, Denmark, related to the Femern-project (where they are currently building a tunnel between Denmark and Germany): a 3,800-year-old flint dagger, dating back to around 1800–1600 BC, with its bark handle preserved on one side. This Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age weapon was preserved thanks to the unique conditions of the site—waterlogged, acidic, and low in oxygen—which slow down decay and create an anaerobic environment.
Such a find is incredibly rare, as organic materials like bark usually do not survive. The dagger highlights both the skill of ancient craftsmen and the extraordinary preservation conditions, offering rare insights into Neolithic and Bronze Age weaponry and craftsmanship. This find was made by the Museum Lolland-Falster.
📸: Lolland-Falster Museum
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archaeologicalnews · 9 months ago
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Prehistoric piercings may have been coming-of-age ritual
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Archaeologists have discovered more than 100 ornaments for use in piercings in ~11,000-year-old adult burials in Türkiye, providing the earliest conclusive evidence for body perforation and suggesting that piercing may have been a coming-of-age ritual.
Earring-like objects have been found at Neolithic sites in South-west Asia before, but there was no clear evidence for their use in piercings.
"We knew that there were earring-like artifacts in the Neolithic, they have been found at many sites," says co-author of the research, Dr. Emma Baysal from Ankara University. "But we were lacking in situ finds confirming their use on the human body before the late Neolithic." Read more.
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river-taxbird · 1 year ago
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Disability in the Ice Age
People usually talk about the dawn of civilization in occuring around the Neolithic, like 12000 years to 6000 years before present, but people have been experimenting with different ways of organising society well back into the late pleistocene, or ice age (30,000 to 12,000 years BP). In ice age Europe and Russia, people would build villages out of mammoth bone and skin, which they would inhabit for a season then break up into hunter gather bands for another season.
A particularly interesting part of ice age culture is their burials. They normally didn't bury their dead, but they did sometimes. The burials are marked as being very rich, with lots of grave goods, including weapons, tools, or intricately carved beads on their clothes. (Pictured: A burial called the Gravetian Prince). Interestingly, most of the burials from this time period have disabilities evident in their skeletons. This has led to the theory that in ice age culture, disabled people may have held a shamanic or ritual significance (as they do in some contemporary hunter gather societies). Non physically disabled ice age burials could have had some disability that is not evident in the skeleton, such as autism or epilepsy. This really goes against the stereotype that disabled people in prehistory would not have been cared for and died young.
Sources: The Dawn of Everything, by David Graeber and David Wengrow. Gobekli Tepe Ancient History Documentry, by History Time.
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armthearmour · 3 months ago
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Arms and Armor of the Hallstatt Celts: A (not-so) Brief Overview
The Hallstatt culture is an archaeologically-defined material culture group. The typesite for this group is in Hallstatt, Austria, where a deep salt mine which had been in use since the Neolithic served as the lifeblood of the local community. A substantial cemetery of approximately 1,300 burials near the mine has helped to clearly define artistic trends associated with this cultural group. The culture is associated with early Celtic or proto-Celtic language speaking groups, and for a long time, was thought to have been the origin of the proto-celtic language. This idea has since been debunked, as it is now known the first proto-Celtic speakers predated the Hallstatt culture.
The Hallstatt culture is divided into four phases, A-D (henceforth abbreviated as Ha. A-D). The first two of these phases are associated with the end of the bronze age in the region, the last two, with the beginning of the iron age.
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Since the defining of the culture in 1846, Hallstatt influence has been found from Eastern France to Hungary, as far south as Serbia and as far North as Poland. The core Hallstatt region covers much of Austria and Southern Germany. By the Ha. C period, distinct practices had arisen in the Hallstatt sphere of influence: distinct enough for academics to split the culture into two “zones”, the East and the West.
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Unfortunately, due to the antiquity of this culture and the utter lack of any written records concerning them, the archaeological record is both relatively thin, and the only source of information available for these people. As such, in constructing a timeline of Hallstatt arms and armor, there will be substantial gaps which we can only hope will be filled by future discoveries.
Armor
Three types of armor are commonly found in Hallstatt contexts: belts, cuirasses, and helmets.
That broad belts (both of leather and of bronze) are considered armor in the ancient Mediterranean is clear from references in which these items are placed in context with other armor. In the Iliad, for example, in book 7 after Ajax and Hector meet on the field of battle and fight to a stalemate, they exchange equipment. Hector “gave over his silver-studded sword, bringing with it the sheath and well-cut baldric” (l. 303-304), while Ajax reciprocated with “his war-belt bright with crimson” (l. 305). Additionally, a short list of military equipment issued by the Neo-Assyrian empire recovered in Tel Halaf lists 10 leather belts alongside bows, swords, spears, and other arms and armor.
A number of bronze and gold belt plates survive from both the Eastern and Western zones, though most of these plates date to the Ha. D period.
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While the majority of these plates are decorated with embossed and incised geometric patterns, some (particularly from the Eastern zone) include scenes of warriors on foot and on horseback.
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The cuirasses of the Hallstatt period exhibit an interesting progression. In their most basic form, these bronze cuirasses remain essentially the same from Ha. A-D. They are characterized by essentially simple forms: a tubular breast and backplate which terminates at the waist and includes a tall standing collar to defend the neck. The earliest examples, however, include substantial embossed decoration in much the same manner as appears on the belt plates.
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Only in the late Ha. B to early Ha. C period does this decoration begin to take on a more anatomical form; a group of seven cuirasses recovered in Marmesse, France in 1974 shows this evolution nicely. These cuirasses retain the same form, though a slight taper is now evident near the waist. The circular embossing closely resembles that of the previous period, however embossed lines are now apparent, and the placement of the embossing is such as to evoke the musculature of the warrior wearing it.
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The final stage of the cuirasse’s evolution arrives in Ha. D. This form is much more plain, lacking the apparent horror vacui which typified earlier iterations of this style. Instead, the anatomical element is even more pronounced: embossing emphasizes the warrior’s pectoral and abdominal muscles, and additional circular bronze plates are riveted to the upper chest to simulate nipples.
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The final element of armor with substantial enough evidence in a Hallstatt context to be addressed is the helmet. Unfortunately, surviving helmets are extremely scarce, and there is no pictorial evidence to consult prior to the Ha. D period.
Four helmet types appear both archaeologically and artistically in Hallstatt contexts. We will call these the crested, the plated, the double-crested, and the Negau.
Only one artistic example of the crested helmet is to be found, and no archaeological examples. It is to be found on a grave good in the shape of a wagon adorned with many figures made ca. 600 BC and recovered in Strettweg, Austria.
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A find from Normandy (outside the Hallstatt sphere of influence) dated ca. 1200-700 BC shows what this type of helmet may have looked like.
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The plated type is nearly as obscure, represented by only a single survival and a single artwork. The helmet, recovered in Šentvid, Slovenia and dated ca. 800-450 BC, is curious for the distinct pearly texture of its surface.
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A number of similar helmets appear on a situla recovered from the Certosa Necropolis in modern Bologna, Italy. This situla is dated ca. 600 BC, and bears a striking resemblance to other situlae found in Hallstatt contexts.
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The most well attested form of Hallstatt helmet is the double-crested type. This type appears with the onset of Ha. D, and sees use until the end of the Hallstatt period. It is attested to by several survivals
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and numerous depictions on a number of situlae
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and belt plates.
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This type is so-called for the twin crests that adorn the helmet’s skull; crests which, as is attested by the pictorial evidence, served as anchors to large plumes likely made from horse hair.
The final type is named for a town in Slovenia where a large cache of helmets of this type was found in 1812. The Negau type appears at the very tail end of Ha. D, and primarily in Etruscan and Italic contexts. However a number of finds (including the eponymous horde) come from regions of Hallstatt (and eventually La Téne) influence.
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Weapons
The weapons which can be found in Hallstatt contexts are very much the same as those found elsewhere in Europe, consisting primarily on spears, axes, swords, and daggers. The spears and axes of the period are very similar to those found elsewhere in Europe and across the Mediterranean in the late bronze to early iron age, and as such will not be discussed further.
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Indeed, even the swords of the Hallstatt bronze age (Ha. A-B) bear no significant differences from other swords found in Central and Western Europe at the time.
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It is not until Ha. C, and the advent of the iron age, when two new types unique to the culture emerge. Though similar, these sword types, called Gündlingen
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and Mindelheim, are distinguished by a number of factors.
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First and foremost is size, with Mindelheim swords averaging around 85 cm or 33.5 in in length, while the Gündlingen type only averages 70-75 cm (27.5-29.5 in). Another striking feature of the Mindelheim type which is almost non-existent on Gündlingen swords is a pair of deep grooves on either side of the blade. Additionally, Gündlingen swords are only ever found in bronze, while Mindelheim can be found in either bronze or iron. Gündlingen swords seem to have been tremendously greater in popularity, with only 27 examples of the Mindelheim type being known to over 240 of the Gündlingen. There is also a geographical element: the majority of Mindelheim swords have been found in the east from Austria to Germany, Poland, and as far north as Sweden. Gündlingen swords, by contrast, have mostly been found in the west, as far as Britain and Ireland. Neither type, however, can be found in the core Hallstatt Regions after the advent of Ha. D, when daggers become the primary funerary good of the elite.
Daggers, of course, were not unknown in Hallstatt regions prior to 620 BC. A number of survivals from Ha. A-B attest to the fact that single-edged daggers were popular.
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With the advent of the iron age and the rise in popularity of the peculiar Hallstatt sword types, daggers become more rare, until once again they spring back to the fore in Ha. D. At this time, a particular dagger type is almost ubiquitous. This dagger has long, straight quillons mirrored by a tubular pommel. The grip is thin, and the blade is broad and double-edged. This same basic form is present, both plain and with various embellishments, until the end of the Hallstatt period.
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vestaignis · 4 months ago
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Пещера Деветашка считается одной из самых крупных в Болгарии и всей Европе. Она расположена на реке Осым, между селами Деветаки и Дойренци (Ловечская область). Пещера обнаружена лишь в 1921 году, а с 1996 года является охраняемым памятником природы. Ее протяженность составляет около 1,5 км, а входом служит гигантский проем 55 м в ширину и 35 м в высоту.
Пещера Деветашка поражает воображение туристов. Ее потолки высотой от 60 до 100 метров имеют многочисленные провалы, которые местные жители называют окнами. Они создают естественное освещение, но практически не нагревают пещеру. Поэтому здесь прохладно даже в знойные летние дни. Внутри протекает река, есть подземные озера, водопады, сталагмиты и сталактиты. В залах обитают летучие мыши, поэтому они закрыты с 1 ноября по 1 апреля, чтобы не мешать размножению животных.
В пещере обнаружены следы обитания древнего человека. Согласно археологическим исследованиям пещера служила убежищем людям с поздней палеолитической эпохи. Археологические раскопки обнаружили остатки из культурного слоя почти всех доисторических периодов. Рельефный слой толщиной от 0,3 до 5,5 м содержит остатки поселений разных эпох: палеолита(кремневые орудия мустьерских форм, позднепалеолитические изделия из кремня и костей); неолита (очаги с каменной основой, узкие каменные топоры, кремневые заточки и скребки, костяные лощила, шила и долота, керамику с резьбленными надписями); энеолита ( разрушенные жилища, печи, зернотерки,орудия из камня и костей, посуда с резной, рельефной и другой орнаментацией, антропоморфные фигуры); бронзового века (боевые топоры из бронзы, темнолощённые керамические изделия); железного века (бронзовые ножи, железное оружие).
Вторая мировая война оставила и здесь свой след. Во времена социализма пещера использовалась в качестве склада боеприпасов на случай военных действий, а также служила хранилищем нефтепродуктов. В пещере до сих пор остались следы в виде кругов с тех времен.
Немаловажной частью этого чудного места является разнообразие представителей фауны. В пещере обитают более сотни различных видов живности, некоторые из которых даже занесены в Красную книгу! В их числе 12 видов охраняемых земноводных (эскулап, полоз, тритон, древесные лягушки, черепахи Германа), около 80-ти видов птиц, 34 вида млекопитающих и 15 видов летучих мышей.
Devetashka Cave is considered one of the largest in Bulgaria and throughout Europe. It is located on the Osam River, between the villages of Devetaki and Doirentsi (Lovech region). The cave was discovered only in 1921, and since 1996 it has been a protected natural monument. Its length is about 1.5 km, and the entrance is a gigantic opening 55 m wide and 35 m high.
Devetashka Cave amazes tourists. Its ceilings range from 60 to 100 meters high and have numerous gaps, which locals call windows. They create natural light, but practically do not heat the cave. Therefore, it is cool here even on hot summer days. A river flows inside, there are underground lakes, waterfalls, stalagmites and stalactites. The halls are inhabited by bats, so they are closed from November 1 to April 1, so as not to interfere with the breeding of animals.
Traces of ancient human habitation were found in the cave. According to archaeological research, the cave has served as a shelter for people since the late Paleolithic era. Archaeological excavations have discovered remains from the cultural layer of almost all prehistoric periods. The relief layer, 0.3 to 5.5 m thick, contains the remains of settlements from different eras: Paleolithic (flint tools of Mousterian forms, Late Paleolithic objects made of flint and bones); Neolithic (hearths with a stone base, narrow stone axes, flint sharpenings and scrapers, bone polishes, awls and chisels, ceramics with carved inscriptions); Eneolithic (destroyed dwellings, ovens, grain grinders, tools made of stone and bones, dishes with carved, relief and other ornamentation, anthropomorphic figures); Bronze Age (battle axes made of bronze, dark-polished ceramics); Iron Age (bronze knives, iron weapons).
The Second World War left its mark here too. During socialism, the cave was used as an ammunition depot in case of hostilities, and also served as a storage facility for petroleum products. There are still traces in the cave in the form of circles from those times.
An important part of this wonderful place is the diversity of fauna. The cave is home to more than a hundred different species of living creatures, some of which are even listed in the Red Book! These include 12 species of protected amphibians (aesculapius, snake, newt, tree frogs, Hermann's tortoises), about 80 species of birds, 34 species of mammals and 15 species of bats.
Источник:/bulgariaexpert.ru/info/peschera-devetashka.php, /www. ntabulgaria.ru/blog/interesnye-mesta/peshhera-devetashka/, juicyworld.org/devetashka-cave/,/volimo-balkan.livejournal .com /450004.html,//meteo.by/around/c288c52491142c32.html, //www. tripadvisor.ru/Attraction_Review-g14037230-d4184576-Reviews-Devetashka_Cave-Devetaki_Lovech_Province.html,/bolgarskiydom .com/devetashka/.
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mindblowingscience · 1 month ago
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Railroad construction through a farm on the Danish island of Falster has revealed a 5,000-year-old Neolithic site hiding an advanced technology—a stone paved root cellar. Archaeology researchers from the Museum Lolland-Falster, along with Aarhus University, Denmark, have analyzed the site in a paper, "Stone-Paved Cellars in the Stone Age? Archaeological Evidence for a Neolithic Subterranean Construction from Nygårdsvej 3, Falster, Denmark," published online in the journal Radiocarbon. The emergence of the Funnel Beaker Culture around 6,000 years ago brought the Scandinavian region's first switch to agriculture and domesticated animals (sheep, goats, cattle), leading to a more sedentary lifestyle. With the new way of life came the region's first construction of houses, megalithic tombs (dolmens), and landscape-altering structures, a huge shift away from the highly mobile hunter–gatherer strategy of the Late Mesolithic.
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archaeologyinbulgaria · 1 month ago
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Special Jubilee Exhibition Presents Startling Finds from 20 Years of Digs at Provadiya-Solnitsata Prehistoric Settlement – Europe’s Oldest Town
A poster for The Lords of Salt exhibition dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the archaeological excavations of the Provadiya-Solnitsata Settlement Mound in Northeast Bulgaria. Poster by the National Institute and Museum of Archaeology of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences A special jubilee exhibition entitled “The Lords of Salt” has been opened in Sofia to showcase the most startling finds from…
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gemsofgreece · 4 months ago
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Yalí is a volcanic island in the Dodecanese island group. It has a peculiar 8 shape and in both of its sides there are extensive excavations of pumice stone and perlite. The island is in fact inhabited, however its local population is very small (21). 
The ancients would excavate obsidian for tool making here. So far in the island archaeologists have found an ancient cemetery, a settlement of the Late Neolithic Period (~ 4,000 BC) and two crucibles with copper smelting slag dating from 6,000 to 5,300 BC, demonstrating the early practice of metallurgy.
The island also has rather pretty beaches.
Photos and information by GeoGRAFIKOI, iefemerida, wikipedia, exploringgreece.
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