#kristallnact

[originalleftist]

And, like Kristallnact, Trump's "day of violence" would target specific vulnerable groups. In the Nazis' case, it was Jews. In the modern Nazis' case, it will be Haitians, Black people, immigrants, Muslims, trans people... and also Jews. Because it's always the Jews.

And like Kristallnact, the violence won't actually end after one day- it would be a prelude to even more horrific and widespread violence. Because violence-glorified violence by the regime and its partisans against designated Others, as well as against anyone who dissents or gets in its way-is the essence of fascism. Fascism can never be at peace, because that is not in the nature of fascism, and if it ever made peace it would have ceased to be fascist.

Nor is neutrality an option, because in a fascist state you are either one of its loyalists, or one of its targets, and either way you WILL be a part of the violence.

You cannot appease fascism. You cannot compromise with fascism. You cannot make peace with fascism. You cannot ignore fascism, or simply keep your head down and wait it out.

You can only submit to fascism, or crush fascism.

Trump is the most dangerous piece of shit you've ever seen.

[jewish-privilege]

Today and tomorrow, November 9, 2020, through November 10, 2020, mark 82 years since Kristallnacht.

From November 9 through November 10, 1938, Joseph Goebbels coordinated a series of pogroms that erupted throughout Nazi Germany (then including Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland) committed by civilians and the Nazi Stormtroopers. While the pogroms occurred, German authorities were ordered to stand by and watch, protect non-Jews and non-Jewish businesses from the rioters, seize Jewish artifacts from synagogues, and arrest Jewish men who would eventually be transported to concentration camps.

Almost 1,700 synagogues, including Jewish cemeteries, were ransacked or destroyed. Around 7,000 Jewish businesses were looted or destroyed. More than 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and then imprisoned in Nazi concentration camps, and around one-hundred Jewish people were killed. All of this occurred over just two days.

After these attacks and violence committed against them, the Jewish community was forced to pay an “atonement fine” of 1 billion Reichsmarks for the murder of German diplomat Ernst von Rath by the 17-year-old Jewish Herschel Grynszpan (von Ruth’s murder was the excuse used for the coordinated pogroms). Additionally, the Jewish community was forced to pay 6 million Reichsmarks for provoking the pogroms and property damages that occurred during the pogroms as “damages to the German Nation.”

After the pogroms, Herman Göring, who was angry so much property had been damaged instead of seized (“I wished you had killed 200 Jews, and not destroyed such values.”), met with others in Nazi leadership to fulfill Adolf Hitler’s orders for “Jewish question be now, once and for all, coordinated and solved one way or another... We have not come together merely to talk again, but to make decisions, and I implore competent agencies to take all measures for the elimination of the Jew from the German economy, and to submit them to me.”

Although Jews had already been stripped of their citizenship, banned from civil service, banned from studying and teaching at universities, and prohibited from marrying “Aryans,” Kristallnacht is seen as the beginning of the Holocaust.

(SS guards force Jews, arrested during Kristallnacht (the "Night of Broken Glass"), to march through the town of Baden-Baden.)

[goku20193]

#WarCriminals #Kommandants #Mauthausen #WhatWasSeries #WarCrimes #Kristallnact #GailHerman #ConcentrationCamps #NoOnesBornARacist #WarsawGhetto #SSGuards #TheWannseeConference #RacismIsTaught #Racism #OskarSchindler #WhatWasTheHolocaust #ClaraHitler #AnneFrank #HitlerYouth #NurembergTrials #AloisHitler #OttoRiemer #WorldWarII #TheHolocaust #Nazis #NightOfBrokenGlass #BooksOnRacism #ResistanceFighters #AdolfHitler #Auschwitz https://www.instagram.com/p/CgKiDtHvDix7jra1JL4lqOq1AnDncP7vglJBvQ0/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[fancassticfiction]

Hi teacher here! I'm not a history teacher. I teach English, but I'm often flabbergasted by how little these kids know.

They actually don't get a lot of world history. I'll break down history education as it is in my state. It's more of a greatest hits in 9th grade. They cover mainly ancient civilizations and world religions. 10th and 11th grade are American history, and this starts with pre-colony history discussions like about native groups and what made folks want to colonize what would become America. All world history is then taught through an American lens... like I learned about Kristallnact through an American lens.

Then in 12th grade... students take civics, where they learn the operations of our government and how they play a role in it.

The question you should be asking is who is teaching history and who decides what they teach. Most American textbook companies are in Texas, so that should be your first thing to consider. After that, it depends on the teacher. For example, some of colleagues are amazing teachers who supplement the textbooks with tons of other knowledge. It's incredible.

Others... well... let's just say that some of my students (I teach American Literature) say they learned more about history from me than their history teacher... which is not great. I teach how the literature reflects history, not the history itself.

Edit: I'm adding this link to the WV content standards for teaching because those are what I'm familiar with.

question for my american friends!!

(and i really hope this doesn’t come off judgemental; i’m genuinely curious after seeing a lot of posts misinterpreting the opening ceremonies from the olympics)

do american schools teach world history? and in what capacity? because the amount of people i saw not understanding that gojira’s performance featured marie antoinette or that the fashion segment was a bacchanalian not “the last supper” has me curious! it’s also very interesting to me that the immediate response to not understanding what they’re seeing is “satanism!”

(or, is this just some christian/conservative ignorance being very loud?)

[bee-a-ts]

I’m generally pretty good with words, yet somehow every time I’ve tried to make this post for the past 4 years, nothing I’ve come up with has come out right. But the timing is ripe, so despite still not knowing quite what to say, let me try again, once more. 

I am more than half German via heritage, and my Uncle Robert was a Nazi.

Bear with me:

Uncle Robert was a member of the Wehrmacht during WW2. When my grandfather emigrated, my uncle stayed behind, and in Germany at that time, military service was compulsory. There were alternatives, such as civilian service, but by and large choosing anything other than the Wehrmacht when drafted often resulted in social harassment, and most conscripted men chose the Wehrmacht. About 18.2 million of them did, in fact. I don’t know the circumstances of my uncle’s military enrollment, whether he was conscripted or joined voluntarily. I know that by many standards he would be considered a good man – he cared for his family, practiced Catholicism, and generally stayed on the right side of the law. He was good.And that’s the problem. In Nazi Germany, helping minorities – Jews, yes, and Romani, and LGBT persons, and more – was illegal. These days we all read Anne Frank’s diary and like to imagine we’d have been the good Samaritans to shelter her, but conveniently forget that those who did so were breaking the law, and could be severely punished themselves if found out. The helpers didn’t choose to help by weathering the storm and saying “not ALL Germans.” They radicalized. They broke the law. They organized, and they risked their lives. Many people who stood by and did nothing claimed afterwards they didn’t know the persecution was “that bad.” Yet the violence, both small incidents and large ones, was continually reported on, worldwide: after Kristallnact, one member of the Hitler Youth claimed, “no German old enough to walk could ever plead ignorance of the persecution of the Jews.” My uncle was a good man, and he may never have gone near the concentration camps. But he and all the other good people like him are complicit in the massacre of millions. . With the resurgence of undeniably visible, organized hatred we’ve been seeing over the past few years, I am haunted by the image of my uncle in his Nazi best, centered on a page in the middle of a family photo album. I see so many people these days rushing to say, “This isn’t us! This isn’t the America I know!” and maybe that’s their truth. Their family were indentured in the north, they never shot a native, never owned a slave; they probably volunteer and are essential members of their communities. But here’s a fun history fact for you: those eugenics Hitler preached? He got the idea from the USA. Hitler deeply admired America’s legal structure, particularly immigration laws and how they created a race order that enforced second-class citizenship on African Americans, Native Americans, Asians, Filipinos, and Puerto Ricans. Some of these laws are still in effect in the US today – for example, residents of US colonies are considered “noncitizen nationals,” and only have partial and extremely limited rights. And the effects of other laws since struck down are still felt – America’s “one drop rule” still impacts how those of mixed heritage are viewed and treated, regardless of origin or citizenship status. The fact of it is, this IS us. This is America as she has always been – deeply flawed, and incredibly divided, amid all the good. And I know that it’s exhausting to face, and it’s so much easier to say “not me!” and turn off the TV and pretend that’s the case. But if we do that, we become like my uncle: complicit. And America stays broken. There is a second choice, though: we can choose to face the madness, and choose to help, and choose to hope. We can take up the cause alongside those who have struggled on their own for so long. It will probably be hard, and it might even be painful. Change is never easy. Civil change is even harder. And I know I’ve got a ton of room to grow here, too. I'm holding myself accountable with this. But if we are able to move past our pride and help, perhaps sometime in the future (and God, I hope the near one), we can again say “this isn’t us!” and that time, it will ring true.

[modern-days]

~ Issue # 13 ~ Secrets & Lies: In The Thoughts Of Mortal Men ~

PAGE 1, PANEL 1

Page width panel. Night. It’s raining. This is a full exterior shot of the Berlin Opera House. The familiar red and black bunting of the Nazi swastika emblem hangs from it. In full shot, Third Reich members, Josef Wachtler and Holz Drexler descend the steps. There is a bodyguard next to Drexler holding an umbrella for him. In contrast Wachtler is getting soaked.

CAPTION: Berlin Opera House, Unter Den Linden Boulevard.

CAPTION: November 24th, 1938.

WACHTLER: Exceptional. Mr Egk excelled himself tonight I feel. Peer Gynt has rarely been conducted better.

DREXLER: Yes, and with the taint of the Jewish stain removed from proceedings, it was I feel, the most pure of performances the Opera House has seen.

PAGE 1, PANEL 2

Two panels on this tier. Head to waist shot of Wachtler and Drexler, the bodyguard almost off panel.

DREXLER: Indeed. And as for that other matter. I suggest you find out everything you can about this Academy organisation before I bring it to the attention of the Fuhrer. His thoughts are still fully occupied with that Kristallnact business. He will be most interested in what you’ve found out, but he will not look favourably on rumours and half truths.

PAGE 1, PANEL 3

In the foreground is Drexler’s car. A driver is already holding the door open. In the background Wachtler and Drexler are in a head to chest shot.

WACHTLER: Yes, of course. I completely agree, Herr Drexler.

DREXLER: Then see to it, Josef, for both our sakes.

PAGE 1, PANEL 4

Page width panel. In the foreground is the car rising up off the ground as it explodes and the flames engulf Watchtler, Drexler and the bodyguard.

S.F.X: KA- BOOM

PAGE 2, PANEL 1

Page width panel. In the foreground is the burning wreckage of the car. In the background, stood in a shop doorway are two figures watching this.

PAGE 2, PANEL 2

Two panels on this tier. This is the introduction of Anna Caspian. It’s a full shot of her and Gabriel. He’s wearing a black suit under his familiar grey coat, and she’s wearing a beige trench coat over brown trousers and a white open necked shirt. Both have their coat collars up and have the appropriate hairstyles for Germany, 1938.

GABRIEL: So that’s why you’re here. It must be a profitable time for an assassin.

ANNA: If you’re immortal and immoral anytime is a profitable time.

PAGE 2, PANEL 3

Head to waist semi- profile shot of Gabriel and Anna with Gabriel in the foreground.

GABRIEL: After everything, I hoped you’d never come back to this.

PAGE 2, PANEL 4

Three panels on this bottom tier. Head and shoulders shot of Anna staring at him.

ANNA: It’s what I do best, for a moment it was different. But it was only a moment.

PAGE 2, PANEL 5

Forehead to chin shot of Gabriel staring across the street, thoughtful, distant.

GABRIEL: Our family was only a moment.

PAGE 2, PANEL 6

This panel is similar to panel 1. In the foreground is the burning wreck of the car, with people from the Berlin Opera House now stood near to it shocked. In the background is a full shot of Gabriel and Anna turning away.

ANNA: a fleeting one. Once it’s gone, it’s gone.

GABRIEL: She’s still out there somewhere.

ANNA: Yeah, and it’s probably best we don’t find her.

PAGE 3, PANEL 1

SPLASH: Night. Full shot of Gabriel from behind in his usual grey coat,  denim jeans, boots, etc. He’s walking up a gravel driveway. Up ahead is Wintersky House, which is an old 17th century mansion. In the foreground on the left is a sign that reads; Wintersky House Nursing Home.

CAPTION: Greenhill, Harrow, WinterSky House Nursing Home, present day.

QUOTE: In the thoughts of mortal men, all the good and bad things dwell.

ARTIST NOTE: Chapter title is written at the top of the panel, Secrets & Lies: In The Thoughts Of Mortal Men.

PAGE 3, PANEL 2

Three panels on this bottom tier. Close up of one of the upstairs  windows.

CARYS ( O.P ): It’s good to see you again, Mr. Grey. It’s been a while hasn’t it?

GABRIEL ( O.P ): Yes, I’ve been away I’m afraid. I’d hoped to visit sooner.

CARYS: ( O.P ) Well, you’re here now. That’s what matters.

PAGE 3, PANEL 3

Full shot of Gabriel and the nurse, Carys, facing each other. They’re stood in a long carpeted hallway outside a bedroom door. Carys wearing a starch white uniform.

CARYS: There’s been no change, I’m afraid.

GABRIEL: It’s okay. There never is. Thank you, Carys.

PAGE 3, PANEL 4

In the foreground is a head to waist profile shot of a woman laying in bed, the covers up to her chest. Her features mostly covered by the room’s shadows, but we see enough to see her eyes are closed, and her face is pale. It’s of course Epiphany as we first saw her in issue 3, but at this point the readers are still unaware of who she is. In the background Gabriel is staring down at her, his face the saddest we’ve seen.

GABRIEL: Hello Eph.

PAGE 4, PANEL 1

Two panels on this top tier. Dawn. Full shot of Gabriel from behind leaving WinterSky House. In the foreground we see someone has been waiting.

ANNA: How is she?

PAGE 4, PANEL 2

Head and shoulders semi- profile shot of Gabriel looking over his shoulder.

GABRIEL: If you can ever bring yourself to actually go in, you’ll find out.

PAGE 4, PANEL 3

Two panels on this tier. Head to waist shot of Anna with WinterSky House behind, now with shoulder length hair with purple highlights, wearing a knee length denim jacket, knee length black dress, black tights, and boots.

ANNA: Gabriel, please.

PAGE 4, PANEL 4

Head to waist shot of Gabriel now turned around to face her properly.

GABRIEL: The same. She’s always the same.

PAGE 4, PANEL 5

Two panels on this bottom tier. In the foreground is a head to waist shot of Gabriel walking away, with a full shot of Anna stood behind him.

ANNA: Hey, do you fancy a drink?

PAGE 4, PANEL 6

Similar to previous panel, but now there’s a look of resignation on Gabriel’s face.

GABRIEL: Yes … yes, I do.

PAGE 5, PANEL 1

Page width panel. Night. Full profile shot of the Trinity standing in the smoking, wrecked fairground. Elijah Grimm has his boot on Clayton’s face, pushing him into the dirt, while Joshua is leant over him. The Pilgrim has his gun pointed at Big John, who is sat up against the Merry- Go- Round with a shoulder wound. In the foreground is the body of Eleanor, her face bloodied and lifeless.

CAPTION: Searchlight, Nevada.

JOSHUA: It’s a simple enough question, all it requires is a simple answer.

CLAYTON: Fuck you, that simple enough!

PAGE 5, PANEL 2

Three panels on this tier. Head and shoulders shot of Clayton, now further squashed into the dirt as Elijah presses down harder with his boot.

ELIJAH: Brother Joshua asked you a civil question, where’d the girl go?

CLAYTON: Urghh! Sonavabitch! We don’t betray our own! Wouldn’t tell ya even if I knew!

PAGE 5, PANEL 3

Head to waist shot of Joshua looking down from Clayton’s P.O.V. JOSHUA: No, you wouldn’t, would you. But you, you would come after us, of that I’m sure.

JOSHUA: Brother Elijah, he’s all yours.

PAGE 5, PANEL 4

Head to waist semi- profile shot of Elijah aiming his pistol down at Clayton.

ELIJAH: Thank you kindly, Father Joshua.

PAGE 5, PANEL 5

Two panels on this bottom tier. In the foreground is a head to chest shot of Joshua. In the background is a head to waist shot of Elijah firing his pistol.

S.F.X: BAM!

JOSHUA: He was their leader. Leave the others. They’re not important. Men of God such as ourselves shouldn’t bloody our hands more than necessary.

PAGE 5, PANEL 6

Head and shoulders semi- profile shot of Big John, wounded and sat up against the Merry- Go- Round. His eyes are filled with hatred and vengeance.

BIG JOHN: That was your first mistake, preacher man.

PAGE 6, PANEL 1

Two panels on this top tier. In the foreground is a head to waist semi- profile shot of Catalina pressed up against her caravan, holding her stomach where she’s been shot, her hands bloodied as blood runs from her mouth. In the background are the Trinity walking away in full shot. The writing on the side of caravan reads; ‘Catalina, Mistress of the Serpents.’

CATALINA: Bastards …

PAGE 6, PANEL 2

Head to chest shot of her struggling to pull the door open. Her hands covered in blood.

CATALINA: Damn it! No, please, just a little more time.

PAGE 6, PANEL 3

Two panels on this tier. Full shot of her now standing in the interior of her caravan, leaning on the open door, inside the room is full of charms and precious stones, with beaded curtains, snake cages and dream catchers.

CATALINA: Just a little more …

PAGE 6, PANEL 4

Close up shot of her bloodied hands grabbing an old, battered leather book.

CATALINA: … time.

PAGE 6, PANEL 5

Page width panel. Head to waist semi- profile shot of her now sat on the sofa, cradling the book tight, and there’s a big blood stain over her stomach.

CATALINA: I give you my strength please, get this message to them. Gwen’s in danger … terrible danger …

PAGE 7, PANEL 1

Three panels on this top tier. Head to chest semi- profile shot of her with her head lulled back on the sofa. She’s still cradling the book tightly.

PAGE 7, PANEL 2

Similar to previous panel but now her mouth is opening impossibly wide and a faint glow is coming from the book.

PAGE 7, PANEL 3

Similar to previous panel but now a dove is emerging impossibly from her mouth.

PAGE 7, PANEL 4

Three panels on this bottom tier. Overhead shot of her sitting limply on the sofa. Her arms limp at her side now. The book is in her lap, no longer glowing. The dove is now flying out of the caravan’s open window.

CATALINA: Go now … find them … warn them. I’m done here …

PAGE 7, PANEL 5

Overhead full shot of the dove flying up into the sky with the caravan below.

PAGE 7, PANEL 6

Similar to panel 4 but closer now, Catalina’s eyes dead and lifeless, her skin pale.

PAGE 8, PANEL 1

Page width panel. Full exterior shot of ‘The Devil’s Crow’ pub. It’s raining.

GABRIEL ( O.P ): Thanks for letting us in so early, Cob

COB ( O.P ): No problem, Gabe. Good to see you, Anna.

ANNA ( O.P ): And you, Cob.

PAGE 8, PANEL 2

Page width panel. The P.O.V is from the left of the panel. In the foreground is a full profile shot of Gabriel and Anna sat at one of the floor tables, Cob in the background behind the bar cleaning glasses with a cloth.

ANNA: I heard you were in Berlin again a few months ago. No time to say hello?

GABRIEL: I was following up a lead on Abbadon. He’d been seen there.

PAGE 8, PANEL 3

Three panels on this bottom tier. Head to waist profile shot of Gabriel and Anna facing each other across the table, with Cob in the background.  

ANNA: I’ve never understood why you keep searching for him. He obviously doesn’t want to be found.

GABRIEL: It’s about family, Anna. You wouldn’t understand.

ANNA: Nope, I guess I wouldn’t.

PAGE 8, PANEL 4

Similar to panel 3 but now it’s a closer head to chest profile shot of them.

ANNA: Have you ever considered it might be best not finding him? Whenever he has turned up bad things weren’t too far behind. Have you forgotten what his so called ideas cost our family? He’s bad news, Gabe.

GABRIEL: I haven’t forgotten.

PAGE 8, PANEL 5

Head to waist shot of them, Anna studying Gabriel closely, like she’s testing for a reaction.

ANNA: Then why?

GABRIEL: Nothing about my brother was ever easy, but he’s still my brother.

PAGE 9, PANEL 1

Two panels on this top tier. Similar to the previous panel, a head to waist shot.

ANNA: And Eph, what have you done for her, except visit her?

PAGE 9, PANEL 2

Similar to the previous panel, but Anna has turned toward the bar again.

GABRIEL: More than you’ll ever know, Anna, and I’ll let that pass because I know you’ve been out there looking for a way to help her as well.

PAGE 9, PANEL 3

Two panels on this tier. Head and shoulders semi- profile shot of Anna, her head now slightly bowed. He’s called her out and she clearly knows it.

ANNA: Yeah, well, it’s not that I don’t care, it’s just …

PAGE 9, PANEL 4

Head to chest profile shot of them facing each other across the table. Anna has now lifted her head back up and is staring directly at him again,

GABRIEL: We’ve got pretty good at hiding things.

ANNA: Yeah, something like that.

PAGE 9, PANEL 5

Two panels on this bottom tier. Head to waist shot of Anna running her finger along the rim of her glass. Her stare thoughtful as well as distant.

ANNA: It haunts me, Gabe, what if she never wakes up.

PAGE 9, PANEL 6

Close up semi- profile shot of Gabriel, his face almost filling up the panel.

GABRIEL: What haunts me is what might happen if she does.

PAGE 10, PANEL 1

Page width panel. Full shot of Gwen, Sabrina and Redgrave walking along a desert road. Redgrave in front, with Gwen, then Sabrina following. In the foreground is the abandoned police car and up ahead of them is a dilapidated, abandoned Diner.

SABRINA: Jesus, I never knew it got so damn hot out here.

GWEN: We’ve usually got an air conditioned caravan to retreat to, Sab, kind of makes a difference.

PAGE 10, PANEL 2

Page width panel. Head and shoulders profile shot of Gwen and Sabrina.

SABRINA: Yeah, good point. We’d still have an air conditioned car as well if someone had checked the fuel gauge.

SABRINA: Some getaway, huh?

PAGE 10, PANEL 3

Three panels on this bottom tier. Head to waist semi- profile shot of Redgrave with the surrounding seen desert in the background behind him.

REDGRAVE: I was trying to get us away from the homicidal madmen who were trying to kill us, checking the fuel gauge wasn’t exactly my first priority.

PAGE 10, PANEL 4

Head to chest profile shot of Sabrina, her face screwed up and tongue poked out.

PAGE 10, PANEL 5

Full shot of them from behind stood in front of the dilapidated Diner, which has a dirty dusty sign on it that reads; Martha’s Diner.

SABRINA: Yup, I kinda guessed that, least you found us some first class accommodation, Father.

REDGRAVE: It’s Jacob, just Jacob.

PAGE 11, PAGE 1

Page width panel. Wide shot of the Diner’s interior. It’s dusty, and shadowy and full of cobwebs, with beams of daylight seeping through drawn blinds. At its far end is a full shot of Gwen, Sabrina and Redgrave. Gwen is looking at the empty tables, Redgrave is stood at the doorway with his gun ready, and Sabrina is leant over the counter peering behind it.

SABRINA: This is weird, there’s still stuff on the tables. It’s like they left mid mouthful or something… oh Jesus, what the f-?

PAGE 11, PANEL 2

Three panels on this tier. The P.O.V is from behind the counter looking up at Sabrina as she peers over the counter, with Gwen seen over her shoulder.

GWEN: Sab, you alright?

SABRINA: Uh, I don’t think everybody left.

PAGE 11, PANEL 3

Full shot of a fully clothed skeleton that’s obviously been in the Diner a long time.

PAGE 11, PANEL 4

This panel is similar to panel 2, but now Gwen is also peering over the counter.

SABRINA: Guess this guy didn’t have enough fibre in his diet, huh? What a crappy place to die.

GWEN: Oh, what happened to him?

PAGE 11, PANEL 5

Two panels on this bottom tier. Head to waist profile shot of Redgrave, still stood by the open doorway.

REDGRAVE: He was probably a vagrant, or a traveller of some sort. He must have died in his sleep.

PAGE 11, PANEL 6

Head to waist shot of Gwen and Sabrina from behind at the counter. Sabrina is peering over it, but Gwen, still leaning on it has turned to Redgrave.

GWEN: You seem to have all the answers, maybe it’s time you gave us some.

PAGE 12, PANEL 1

Two panels on this top tier. Full profile shot of Gwen and Sabrina leant up against the counter. Both of them now turned facing Redgrave directly.

REDGRAVE: Such as?

GWEN: Such as who are you, how come you knew I was in danger, and who the hell were those guys?

PAGE 12, PANEL 2

Head to waist shot of Gwen and Sabrina leant on the counter, Sabrina indicating to Gwen with her thumb.

SABRINA: An’ for that matter, why the hell they want her dead.

GWEN: What she said.

PAGE 12, PANEL 3

Two panels on this tier. Head and shoulders shot of Redgrave, frowning.

REDGRAVE: Would you like me to answer one or all of the above.

PAGE 12, PANEL 4

Head and shoulders shot of Gwen. Her eyes narrowed as she frowns in return.

GWEN: All would be good.

PAGE 12, PANEL 5

Two panels on this bottom tier. Head to waist profile shot of them facing each other.

REDGRAVE: Well, firstly, my name is Jacob Redgrave.

GWEN: And you’re a priest, right?

PAGE 12, PANEL 6

Similar to the previous panel but now Sabrina is indicating toward his gun.

REDGRAVE: Sort of, I was. I lapsed, it’s a long story.

SABRINA: Yeah, must be, ain’t known any preachers who carry a gun.

PAGE 13, PANEL 1

Three panels on this top tier. This panel is an overhead shot of Gwen, Sabrina and Redgrave with one of the Diner’s ceiling fans in the foreground.

GWEN: And you’re English, I get that much from the clipped accent.

REDGRAVE: I’m from Cambridge, the Cambridge in England that is.

SABRINA: Oh, scholarville. So how did you know Gwen was in danger?

PAGE 13, PANEL 2

Head and shoulders semi- profile shot of Gwen and Sabrina, with the daylight falling through the Diner’s blinds, casting shadows over their faces.

GWEN: You were told in a dream weren’t you?

SABRINA: What?

PAGE 13, PANEL 3

Head to chest semi- profile shot of Redgrave. His expression surprised.

REDGRAVE: Yes, yes I was.

PAGE 13, PANEL 4

Three panels on this bottom tier. Head and shoulders shot of Gwen and Sabrina, with Sabrina wide eyed, looking amazed at what she‘s hearing.

GWEN: Old carnival seer, less dead and deep fried than she should be, calls herself Sister Midnight, right?

SABRINA: Well, I’ll be a sonavabitch.

PAGE 13, PANEL 5

Head to chest profile shot of Gwen and Sabrina facing Redgrave, also in profile.  

REDGRAVE: Yes, how did you-?

GWEN: Me too.

PAGE 13, PANEL 6

Forehead to chin shot of Redgrave, the daylight seeping in, shadows on his face.

REDGRAVE: I see.

PAGE 14, PANEL 1

Two panels on this top tier. Head to waist shot of Redgrave from behind, with Gwen facing him, Sabrina now behind the counter in the background.

GWEN: She tell you who that preacher was?

REDGRAVE: His name is Joshua St. John. He was a real preacher once.

REDGRAVE: A very long time ago?

PAGE 14, PANEL 2

Head to waist profile shot of Gwen staring at Redgrave, with her arms now folded.

GWEN: How long?

PAGE 14, PANEL 3

Three panels on this tier. Head to waist profile shot of Redgrave staring in return.

REDGRAVE: Let’s just say he’s a lot older than he looks.

PAGE 14, PANEL 4

Head to waist shot of Sabrina now leant on the counter, chin cupped in hands.

SABRINA: And now he kills people right?

PAGE 14, PANEL 5

Forehead to chin semi- profile shot of Redgrave, with the shadows on his face.

REDGRAVE: I’m afraid so, yes. He believes he’s on a mission from god.

PAGE 14, PANEL 6

Two panels on this bottom tier. Head to waist face on shot of Gwen her arms folded.

GWEN: Is he?

PAGE 14, PANEL 7

Head to waist semi- profile shot of Redgrave raising a lighter to the cigarette now in his mouth.

REDGRAVE: I’ll pretend I didn’t hear that. But wherever his mission comes from he believes in it totally, and that makes him very dangerous.

PAGE 15, PANEL 1

Two panels on this tier. Full shot of them now sat at one of the diner tables.

GWEN: You two got history, huh?

REDGRAVE: Not me personally, people I used to work for.

SABRINA: So what about his two even creepier friends?

PAGE 15, PANEL 2

Similar to the  previous panel, with the three of them sat at the table, Redgrave is dragging on his cigarette and Sabrina has her head buried in her hand.

REDGRAVE: His associates are Elijah Grimm and Jeremiah Ezekiel, who go by the colourful alias’s of The Hand of God and The Pilgrim. The three of them are known as The Trinity. They’ve been around a long time.

SABRINA: Jesus, I couldn’t even make this shit up.

PAGE 15, PANEL 3

Three panels on this tier. Head and shoulders shot of Gwen staring at Redgrave.

GWEN: Have they killed our friends?

PAGE 15, PANEL 4

Similar to the previous panel, no dialogue, illustrating the awkward moment.

PAGE 15, PANEL 5

Head and shoulders shot of Redgrave, smoke pluming up from his cigarette.

REDGRAVE: It’s quite possible, I’m sorry.

PAGE 15, PANEL 6

Two panels on this bottom tier. Forehead to chin semi- profile shot of Gwen.

GWEN: And what exactly have I done to piss them off so much they want me dead.

PAGE 15, PANEL 7

Forehead to chin shot of the left side of Redgrave’s face on the right of the panel.

REDGRAVE: Well, from what I gather, it’s not just you, it’s your whole family they want to kill.

PAGE 16, PANEL 1

Half page panel. Full profile shot of Gabriel and Anna sat at the table in ‘The Devil’s Crow’ pub, their figures and the interior mostly in  shadow.

ANNA: You seem different to when we last met.

GABRIEL: Different how?

PAGE 16, PANEL 2

Two panels on this vertical tier. Head and shoulders semi-profile shot of Anna.

ANNA; I don’t know, I can’t put my finger on it. You were always kinda closed off.

ANNA: I know that better than anyone.

PAGE 16, PANEL 3

Head to waist semi- profile shot of Anna as she raises her glass to her mouth.

ANNA: But this feels different.

PAGE 16, PANEL 4

Three panels on this bottom tier. Head to chest shot of Gabriel raising his glass.

GABRIEL; What are you saying?

PAGE 16, PANEL 5

Head to chest profile shot of them both facing each other across the table.

ANNA: I’m saying there’s a darkness around you, Gabe. It’s like a cloud hanging over you, and I’ve seen it before, in the eyes of people who know what’s coming, who know they’re approaching some kind of end.

ANNA: And they’ve accepted it.

PAGE 16, PANEL 6

Forehead to chin semi- profile shot of Gabriel looking at her, no expression.

GABRIEL: I haven’t accepted anything, not yet.

PAGE 17, PANEL 1

Page width panel. Exterior shot of the Diner with an evening sky behind it.

GWEN: My family? The only family I ever had was Henry Jones, and apart from a few guest appearances in my dreams he’s long gone.

REDGRAVE: Oh, come now, Gwen, we both know that isn’t true.

PAGE 17, PANEL 2

Two panels on this tier. Full shot of them, Sabrina and Redgrave still sat but Gwen is now stood, leaning forward with her hands on her hips.

GWEN: What?! What do you mean?

REDGRAVE: I mean your grandfather, he came to you didn’t he, when the dead briefly returned six months ago.

PAGE 17, PANEL 3

This panel is similar to the previous panel but now a closer shot of them.

GWEN: How do you …? Oh right, Sister Midnight.

REDGRAVE: Yes.

GWEN: So you’re saying what he told me is true?

PAGE 17, PANEL 4

Page width panel. Over head shot of the three of them with one of Diner’s ceiling fans in the foreground, obscuring our direct view of them.

REDGRAVE: I am.

GWEN: Why would he lie to me for all those years?

PAGE 18, PANEL 1

Two panels on this top tier. This panel is a head to chest profile shot of Redgrave.

REDGRAVE: I would assume to protect you, given what’s happened today.

PAGE 18, PANEL 2

Head and shoulders shot of Gwen, her stare questioning as she looks at Redgrave.

GWEN: Yeah maybe. Do you know where my mother is then?

PAGE 18, PANEL 3

Three panels on this tier. Head to waist semi- profile shot of Redgrave as he stubs out his cigarette in an ashtray, seeming to consider his options.

REDGRAVE: No, and that isn’t my first priority at the moment, keeping you safe is.

PAGE 18, PANEL 4

Head to waist shot of Gwen from Redgrave’s P.O.V as she leans forward, hands on her hips.

GWEN: What?! If my mother is alive I want to find her! I don‘t care if-

PAGE 18, PANEL 5

P.O.V through the glass of the Diner’s window as Redgrave looks outside.

PAGE 18, PANEL 6

Page width panel. Head to waist shot of them. The window behind Redgrave explodes and as it does he reaches over pushing Sabrina out of the way. Gwen is staggering backward and shielding her eyes from the glass.

S.F.X: Blam! Blam!

S.F.X: Kerrash!

REDGRAVE: Get down!

SABRINA: Holy!

GWEN: Arrghh!

PAGE 19, PANEL 1

Page width panel. Night. Full shot of Lucy walking along a London street in the rain. She’s dressed in her familiar long black velvet coat over a tight black vest, with tight grey trousers, and the usual black boots.

CAPTION: London.

PAGE 19, PANEL 2

Three panels on this tier. Head and shoulders shot of her staring up through the downpour.

PAGE 19, PANEL 3

From Lucy’s P.O.V as the dove that Catalina sent descends through the rain.

PAGE 19, PANEL 4

Head to waist profile shot of her, the dove perched on the palm of her hand.

PAGE 19, PANEL 5

Page width panel. Similar to panel 1, but now it’s a full shot of her from behind walking in the direction she has just come from. The dove flying up.

PAGE 20, PANEL 1

Two panels on this top tier. Night. Exterior shot of the Devil’s Crow pub.

COB ( O.P ): Night all, see you soon.

GABRIEL ( O.P ): Goodnight, Cob.

ANNA ( O.P ): Night.

PAGE 20, PANEL 2

Full shot of Gabriel and Anna leaving the pub and stepping out into the rain.

GABRIEL: Well, thanks for that enlightening peer into my soul, Anna, the next time I feel the need to be analysed I will be sure to give you a call.

ANNA: No one knows you like me, Gabe, I just wish sometimes you’d actually listen.

PAGE 20, PANEL 3

Three panels on this tier. Head to waist shot of Gabriel and Anna passing a doorway which has the silhouetted figure of Lucy stood in it.

LUCY: Listening was never my brother’s strong point.

PAGE 20, PANEL 4

Head and shoulders shot of Anna as she turns toward Lucy and the doorway.

ANNA: Lucy?

PAGE 20, PANEL 5

Head to chest shot of Lucy, now stepped out of the doorway into the rain.

LUCY: Hello, Anna.

PAGE 20, PANEL 6

Two panels on this bottom tier. Head to chest shot of Gabriel, frowning.

GABRIEL: What is it, sister? What’s wrong?

PAGE 20, PANEL 7

Similar close up shot of Lucy, with the night rain running down her face.

LUCY: It’s Gwen. She’s in trouble.

PAGE 21, PANEL 1

Two panels on this top tier. In the foreground is a full shot of Joshua from behind. He’s stood facing the diner which is in the background of the panel.

JOSHUA: I know you can hear me, Mr Redgrave. There’s an easy way to do this.

JOSHUA: Send Miss Jones out to us, then you and the other girl can walk away.

JOSHUA: What I have to do does not require your sacrifice.

PAGE 21, PANEL 2

Head to waist shot of Jacob crouched in the table booth with his gun ready by the smashed window, Gwen and Sabrina crouched behind him.

REDGRAVE: I won’t turn her over to you, Joshua.

PAGE 21, PANEL 3

Two panels on this tier. Head to chest semi-profile shot of Redgrave.

JOSHUA ( O.P ): She’s powerful, dangerous. You must see that. If you still hear his word at all, you would know that.

REDGRAVE: It wasn’t me who stopped listening.

PAGE 21, PANEL 4

Head to waist shot of Redgrave and Sabrina, Sabrina now crouched up closer.

SABRINA: Why isn’t he doing that thing he did to Sherriff Holt on us?

REDGRAVE: It won’t work, not while we’re this close to Gwen.

PAGE 21, PANEL 5

Two panels on this bottom tier. Head to chest shot of Sabrina leant forward, with a confused expression. She’s not getting what he’s saying at all

SABRINA: Oh … what? Why?

PAGE 21, PANEL 6

Similar to panel 3, with Redgrave in a head to chest semi-profile shot.

REDGRAVE: I’ll explain later, now be quiet!

PAGE 22, PANEL 1

Three panels on this tier. Head to waist shot of Elijah, his pistol now drawn.

ELIJAH: I’d listen to the man if were you, if ya don’t this ain’t gonna end well for you or the stick figure.

PAGE 22, PANEL 2

Head to chest shot of Sabrina leaning forward. Her face full of anger and indignation.

SABRINA: Stick figure! Why that cowpoke hick sonavabitch!

PAGE 22, PANEL 3

Head to waist shot of Gwen and Sabrina. Gwen has her hand on her shoulder.

GWEN: Maybe I should …

PAGE 22, PANEL 4

Three panels on this vertical tier.. Head and shoulders shot of Sabrina.

SABRINA; No way, G girl. We’re in this together.

PAGE 22, PANEL 5

Close up shot of Redgrave, just his eyes and mouth, the tip of the gun just in panel.

REDGRAVE: Then it isn’t going to end well.

PAGE 22, PANEL 6

Half page panel. This echoes panel 1, page 21. In the foreground is a full shot of Joshua from behind, with the Diner in the background of the panel.

JOSHUA: Very well, then you leave me little choice. May the Lord have mercy upon your souls.

( Taken from Volume Two: Days Of Midnight )

[chillymama]

Daily protests

The death of that poor man has brought the country together to protest police brutality.  The rioters have torn the country apart by their violent criminal behavior that has hurt innocent people.  The protesters have the right to assemble peacefully.  The rioters do not have the right to pillage and destroy private and public property.  Honestly, what I saw on TV reminds me of Kristallnact.  It can happen anywhere and anytime by any group of people.  

[veale2006-blog]

In Memory of the Holocaust

LONG BUT WORTH THE READ!!! January 27, 2019 After coming to power in 1933, Germany’s Nazi Party implemented a highly organized strategy of persecution, murder, and genocide aimed at ethnically “purifying” Germany, a plan Hitler called the “Final Solution”.

Six million Jews and five million Slavs, Roma, disabled, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, and political and religious dissidents were killed during the Holocaust.

As Champetier de Ribes, the French Prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials explained, “This [was] a crime so monstrous, so undreamt of in history … that the term ‘genocide’ has had to be coined to define it.”

Precursors to Genocide After Germany’s loss in WWI, the Treaty of Versailles punished Germany by placing tough restrictions on the country. The treaty made Germany take full responsibility for the war, reduced the extent of German territory, severely limited the size and placement of their armed forces, and forced Germany to pay the allied powers reparations. These restrictions not only increased social unrest but, combined with the start of the Great Depression, collapsed the German economy as inflation rose alongside unemployment.

In the German parliament, the Nazi party, led by Adolf Hitler, gained popularity. The number of seats Nazis controlled in the parliament rose from 12 in 1928 to 230 in 1932, making them the largest political party. The strong showing guaranteed the Nazi party would need to be part of any political coalition. Believing he could check Hitler’s ambition, President Hindenburg reluctantly made Hitler the Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933.

Shortly after Hitler came to power, the Reichstag building, seat of the German parliament, burnt down. Communists were blamed for setting the fire and Hindenburg declared a state of emergency, passing the Reichstag Fire Decree that suspended basic rights like trial by jury. The German Communist Party was suspended and over 4,000 members were detained without trial. The next month, Hitler’s cabinet passed the Enabling Act which allowed him to enact laws without the consent of the parliament for four years, effectively transforming the German government into a de facto Nazi dictatorship.

From this moment on, the Nazi regime adopted hundreds of laws restricting the rights and liberties of the Jewish people. Jews were expelled from the civil service and barred from entering particular professions, stripped of their citizenship, and forbidden from intermarrying or even having a relationship with anyone of “German or German-related blood”.

The government defined a Jewish person as someone with three or four Jewish grandparents, not someone who had religious convictions. This meant that people who had never practiced, or hadn’t practiced Judaism in many years, or even converted to Christianity were subjected to persecution. Although anti-semitism was pervasive in 1930s Germany, these restrictions frequently extended to any person the Nazis considered to be “non-Aryan”.

Throughout the nights of November 9-10, 1938, rioting across Germany, Austria, and part of German-controlled Czechoslovakia targeted Jewish people and their places of business and worship. These nights have come to be known as Kristallnacht, or “The Night of the Broken Glass”.

Over those two nights, hundreds (and possibly thousands) of synagogues were burned; more than 7,000 Jewish-owned businesses were looted and destroyed, and almost 100 Jews were killed during the violence. Some 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and transported to concentration camps. kristallnacht-NYTimes-frontpageThe rioting was triggered by the assassination of Ernst vom Rath, a German diplomat in Paris, by a Polish Jewish teenager, Herschel Grynszpan, on November 7th. Grynszpan did not attempt to escape and claimed that the assassination was motivated by the persecution of the Jewish people. Despite being attended to by Hitler’s personal physician, vom Rath died two days later.

Although the events of November 9th and 10th were reported to be a spontaneous outburst of violence among the German people, they were actually closely organized by the Nazis.

After this night, the German government supported dozens of laws and decrees that took away Jews property and livelihood. By the end of the year, Jews were prohibited from attending school. One billion reichsmarks of Jewish property was seized as collective punishment against the nation’s Jews for the murder of von Rath. Those able to flee the country did. In the year after Kristallnact, more than 100,000 Jews left Germany as the situation deteriorated.

World War II Throughout the late-1930s, the Nazi government began to forcibly acquire ethnically German territory in Austria and Czechoslovakia that was taken from Germany at the end of the First World War. Although the international community initially allowed Germany to incorporate these territories into the growing German Empire, it became increasingly clear that Hitler’s ambition did not stop at these small territories. When Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany, beginning the Second World War.

Between April and June of 1940, Germany invaded Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg consolidating power across neutral Western Europe. On June 22, 1940, France signed an armistice with Germany, which divided France between the German-occupied territory in the north and the Vichy regime in the south. Although officially neutral, the French state during this time was generally pro-Nazi and cooperated with Germany’s racial policies.

In the first half of 1941, after conquering Yugoslavia and Greece, Germany broke off its alliance with the Soviet Union and launched an invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa. Hitler described his vision for the war with the Soviet Union as an “extermination of Bolshevik Commissars and of the Communist intelligentsia”.

To the Nazi regime, there would have been no doubt that a war against Bolshevism was implicitly a war against the Jewish population of the Soviet Union. A division of Hitler’s SS known as the Einsatzgruppen traveled behind the German army and acted as death squads, exterminating civilian populations in the most efficient way possible. During the early part of Operation Barbarossa these were frequently people who had fled the Nazi’s earlier invasion of Poland.

On December 7, 1941, the United States entered the war following the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Four days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States, bringing them into the European Theatre.

Beginning with the British air raids on Cologne in May of 1942, the Allies launched a strategic bombing campaign that would target cities and industrial plants across the Reich for the next three years. In the summer of 1942, Germany and its allies focused on the Soviet Union unsuccessfully. The Soviet Union gained the dominant role, which it would maintain for the rest of the war.

On June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day, more than 150,000 Allied soldiers landed in France. In December the Germans started an unsuccessful counterattack in Belgium and northern France, known as the Battle of the Bulge. Continuing to gain momentum, the Soviets began an offensive in January 1945, liberating western Poland and then forcing Hungary to surrender.

On April 16, 1945 Soviets surrounded Berlin, Germany’s capital. When the Soviets began advancing towards the Reich Chancellery, Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945. Then on May 7th, Germany surrendered to the Western Allies in Reims, France and a few days later to the Soviets in Berlin. All told more than 60 million people, or about 3% of the world’s population at the time, were killed during the course of the Second World War.

— The “Final Solution” — Ghettos, Concentration Camps and Death Camps Jews were forced to move, often to different cities or countries, and live in designated areas, referred to as ghettos. Most of the ghettos were “open” which meant Jews were free to come and go during the daytime. As time past, more and more ghettos became “closed” meaning that Jews were trapped and not allowed to leave. No ghettos were ever established within the borders of Germany and most were only meant as a temporary means of isolating Jews from the German population until they could be moved elsewhere.

When the Nazi’s rose to power they built facilities to hold and, eventually kill, their enemies. When the first concentration camps were built in 1933, this primarily meant political dissidents and opponents of the Nazi government, such as German Communists, Socialists, Social Democrats but would grow to include asocial groups – Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, the homeless, the mentally ill and homosexuals.  It was not until Kristallnacht that the prisoners became primarily Jewish.

Once Germany took over Poland in 1939, it created forced-labor camps. Thousands of prisoners died from working conditions, exhaustion, and starvation. After the outbreak of World War II, the number of concentration camps increased exponentially. The number of prisoners of war camps also rose, but after the first years of the war most were converted into concentration camps. Nazis forcibly relocated Jews from ghettos to concentration camps.

Treatment inside the concentration camps were horrible. Prisoners were given tiny rations of food and forced into physical labor. They often slept more than three to a bed without pillows or blankets, even in the winter months. In many concentration camps, Nazi doctors conducted medical experiments on prisoners against their will, in many cases killing the prisoners in the process.

In 1942, fifteen Nazi leaders met at a conference in Wannsee, Germany to discuss the “Jewish Question”. Their job was to decide the most efficient way to exterminate the Jews. They decided that Jews would be sent to extermination camps where they would be sent to showers. But instead of water coming out of the faucet, they faced their death when poisonous Zyklon-B gas leaked through the showerheads to suffocate them. This decision at the conference is called the “Final Solution.”

It was not until this point in the war that systemic extermination of the Jewish people was considered. Before this point, none of the concentration camps had been built to explicitly carry out the mass murder of the Nazi’s enemies.

The first such extermination camps were introduced during Operation Reinhardt, which targeted the elimination of the Jewish people within the General Government of Occupied Poland and Ukraine. After the first killing center open at Chelmno, the use of these extermination tactics spread quickly. At the height of deportations, the Birkenau killing center murdered 6,000 Jews a day.

While there were only 23 main camps between 1933 to 1945, the Nazi regime established some 20,000 other camps used for forced labor, transit or temporary internment. During the Holocaust it is estimated that 6 million Jews were slaughtered along with, 3 million Soviet prisoners of war, 3 million Polish Catholics, 700,000 Serbians, 250,000 Gypsies, Sinti, and Lalleri, 80,000 Germans (for political reasons), 70,000 German handicapped, 12,000 homosexuals, and 2,500 Jehovah’s Witnesses.

The Response U.S. Response After WWII had ended, photographs of the Holocaust stunned the public. Newspapers in the United States had reported on the oppression of the Jews in Germany during the war. In 1942, many newspapers were writing details of the Holocaust, but these stories were short and were not widely read. In 1943, after sources had confirmed the killings of at least two million Jews in concentration camps across Europe a Gallup poll found that less than half of Americans believed these reports to be true; 28% thought they were “just a rumor”. The reports were unconfirmed and sometimes denied by the United States government.

In 1944, Josiah DuBois, Jr. wrote a memorandum to then-Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, Jr. entitled “Report to the Secretary on the Acquiescence of This Government in the Murder of the Jews”, which condemned the bureaucratic interference of U.S. State Department policies in obstructing the evacuation of Holocaust Refugees from Romania and Occupied France. The Report would spur the Roosevelt administration to create the War Refugee Board later that year.

The International Response Despite, wide reporting of Holocaust atrocities including gas chambers, many prominent analysts doubted the authenticity of these reports. Prominently, Roger Allen, a member of the British Foreign Office discounted intelligence reports on the use of gas chambers in Polish extermination camps because he could “never understand what the advantage of a gas chamber over a simple machine gun or over starving people would be.”

Advocacy organizations worldwide called for British Royal Air Forces to bomb concentration camps particularly at Auschwitz. Although the plan was adopted by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill poor information-sharing between parts of the British government led the order to be ignored and the plan dropped. Such calculations were hardly the low point of Allied Responses. One story has that, low on supplies, the Nazis offered the British a million Jews in exchange for 10,000 trucks, which one British diplomat promptly refused saying, “What would I do with one million Jews? Where would I put them?”

Although many people responded with obstructionism and doubt,  several rescue operations were run throughout Axis-controlled Europe. Some were the work of prominent individuals like Raoul Wallenberg and Carl Lutz who worked largely alone while other operations were far more complex. A network of Catholic bishops and clergymen organized local protests and shelter campaigns throughout much of Europe that are today estimated to have saved 860,000 lives. Danish fishermen clandestinely ferried more than 7,000 Jews into neutral Sweden while the French town of Chambon-sur-Lignon sheltered between 3,000 and 5,000 refugees.

The Journey of the St. Louis On May 19th, 1939, the S.S. St. Louis sailed from Hamburg, Germany to Havana, Cuba with 937 passengers; almost all of them were Jews escaping with their lives. This was one of the last ships that left Germany before the outbreak of World War II. Most of the passengers had applied for U.S. visas and were only planning on staying in Cuba until they could enter into the United States. The U.S. State Department in Washington, the U.S. consulate in Havana, and the owner of the St. Louis were aware that they might not be able to enter Cuba, but the passengers were never told.

The passengers had landing certificates and transit visas by the Cuban Director-General of Immigration, Manuel Benitez Gonzalez. But, a week before the ship left, Cuban President Federico Laredo Bru published a decree that overturned all recent landing certificates. For them to land in Cuba, they needed written authorization from the Cuban Secretaries of State and Labor and a $500 bond. Most of the passengers were not prepared for the bureaucratic mess they were about to face in Cuba.

The St. Louis arrived in Havana harbor on May 27th. Of the 937 passengers on board, only 28 passengers were allowed into Cuba. 22 of these passengers were Jewish and had valid U.S. visas, 4 were Spanish citizens and 2 were Cuban nationals, all with valid documents. This story gained a lot of publicity; it was spread throughout Europe and the United States. The U.S. newspapers reported the story compassionately, but only a handful suggested that the refugees should come to the United States. The United States government decided not to take the steps to permit the passengers into the country.

After the U.S. government refused to permit the passenger’s refuge, the St. Louis left Cuba for Europe. The St. Louis sailed so close to Florida that they could see the lights of Miami. The passengers were able to find refuge in other European countries so they didn’t have to return to Germany. Great Britain took 288, the Netherlands admitted 181; Belgium took 214, and 224 passengers found temporary refuge in France. When  Germany invaded Western Europe, 532 of the original passengers were trapped. Just over half survived the Holocaust.

The Aftermath Nuremberg Trials To prosecute the leaders of the Holocaust, the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg was formed in 1946. The U.S., the UK, the Soviet Union and France each supplied two judges (a primary and an alternate) and a prosecution team for the trial. Twelve leading Nazi officials were sentenced to death for the crimes they had committed, while three received life sentences in prison, and four had prison terms for up to twenty years.

Three defendants were acquitted. However, many of the Nazis who perpetrated the Holocaust were never tried or punished, including Hitler who had committed suicide. Since then, the international community has continued and improved accountability through forums such as the International Criminal Court, and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.

The Word ‘Genocide’ Raphael-LemkinRaphael Lemkin, a holocaust survivor who worked on the Nuremberg Trials, coined the term genocide and spent 4 years pushing for it to be added to international law. As Champetier de Ribes, the French Prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials explained “This [was] a crime so monstrous, so undreamt of in history throughout the Christian era up to the birth of Hitlerism that the term ‘genocide’ has had to be coined to define it.” Ultimately, in 1948 The United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide was adopted, and it entered into force in 1951. The convention defined genocide in legal terms based on Lemkin’s work, and is the basis for genocide prevention efforts today.

The Pledge: Never Again After the Nuremberg war crimes trials finished, the United States spearheaded the effort to end genocide and become a champion for the prevention of crimes against humanity. The U.S. pushed for greater international effort, helping to draft the 1948 Genocide Convention. President Harry Truman addressed Congress urging the Convention’s passage. He stressed the role the United States had to play in “outlawing the world-shocking crime of genocide.”

These pleas went unheard and though an original signatory of the convention the United States did not ratify the Genocide Convention for another forty years and then  only with reservations. Presidents of the U.S. have vowed “never again” but have looked the other way when genocide happened again and again.

To fill this void, civil society organizations such as United to End Genocide have taken up the pledge and advocate for the international responsibility to prevent mass atrocities like genocide.

NEVER AGAIN SHOULD WE ALLOW EVIL TO CONQUER THE GOOD OF INNOCENT LIVES!!!

Have a blessed day and week. May Yeshua the Messiah bless you, Love, Debbie

[goku20193]

#WarCriminals #Kommandants #Mauthausen #WhatWasSeries #WarCrimes #Kristallnact #GailHerman #ConcentrationCamps #NoOnesBornARacist #WarsawGhetto #SSGuards #TheWannseeConference #RacismIsTaught #Racism #OskarSchindler #WhatWasTheHolocaust #GerdaWeissmannKlein #AnneFrank #HitlerYouth #NurembergTrials #AmonGoeth #OttoRiemer #WorldWarII #TheHolocaust #Nazis #NightOfBrokenGlass #BooksOnRacism #ResistanceFighters #AdolfHitler #BraunauAmInn https://www.instagram.com/p/CgKh6xQvAY9iDUBamZTmItMDA1EKcLM3vYCyIE0/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[goku20193]

#WarCriminals #Kommandants #Mauthausen #WhatWasSeries #WarCrimes #Kristallnact #GailHerman #ConcentrationCamps #NoOnesBornARacist #WarsawGhetto #SSGuards #TheWannseeConference #RacismIsTaught #Racism #OskarSchindler #WhatWasTheHolocaust #GerdaWeissmannKlein #AnneFrank #HitlerYouth #NurembergTrials #AmonGoeth #OttoRiemer #WorldWarII #TheHolocaust #Nazis #NightOfBrokenGlass #BooksOnRacism #ResistanceFighters #AdolfHitler #Auschwitz https://www.instagram.com/p/CgKhynWv8QQEIm5Rqw9uToPiM-n92e2dFzWpOk0/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[goku20193]

#WarCriminals #Kommandants #Mauthausen #WhatWasSeries #WarCrimes #Kristallnact #GailHerman #ConcentrationCamps #NoOnesBornARacist #WarsawGhetto #SSGuards #TheWannseeConference #RacismIsTaught #Racism #OskarSchindler #WhatWasTheHolocaust #GerdaWeissmannKlein #AnneFrank #HitlerYouth #NurembergTrials #AmonGoeth #OttoRiemer #WorldWarII #TheHolocaust #Nazis #NightOfBrokenGlass #BooksOnRacism #ResistanceFighters #AdolfHitler #Auschwitz https://www.instagram.com/p/CgKht18vXahlgRxZURDo-gAmOdTav53wz7i-hE0/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[goku20193]

#WarCriminals #Kommandants #Mauthausen #WhatWasSeries #WarCrimes #Kristallnact #GailHerman #ConcentrationCamps #NoOnesBornARacist #WarsawGhetto #SSGuards #TheWannseeConference #RacismIsTaught #Racism #OskarSchindler #WhatWasTheHolocaust #GerdaWeissmannKlein #AnneFrank #HitlerYouth #NurembergTrials #AmonGoeth #OttoRiemer #WorldWarII #TheHolocaust #Nazis #NightOfBrokenGlass #BooksOnRacism #ResistanceFighters #AdolfHitler #BeerHallPutsch https://www.instagram.com/p/CgKhjLcPZehtB31Dp_Sc3yy7KO-jbEzltV5t040/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[goku20193]

#WarCriminals #Kommandants #Mauthausen #WhatWasSeries #WarCrimes #Kristallnact #GailHerman #ConcentrationCamps #NoOnesBornARacist #WarsawGhetto #SSGuards #TheWannseeConference #RacismIsTaught #Racism #OskarSchindler #WhatWasTheHolocaust #GerdaWeissmannKlein #AnneFrank #HitlerYouth #NurembergTrials #AmonGoeth #OttoRiemer #WorldWarII #TheHolocaust #Nazis #NightOfBrokenGlass #BooksOnRacism #ResistanceFighters #AdolfHitler #Auschwitz https://www.instagram.com/p/CgKhYjyPHzPXHOhBmCaxJ3wWyV4rN2hytSLI6I0/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[goku20193]

#WarCriminals #Kommandants #Mauthausen #WhatWasSeries #WarCrimes #Kristallnact #GailHerman #ConcentrationCamps #NoOnesBornARacist #WarsawGhetto #SSGuards #TheWannseeConference #RacismIsTaught #Racism #OskarSchindler #WhatWasTheHolocaust #GerdaWeissmannKlein #AnneFrank #HitlerYouth #NurembergTrials #AmonGoeth #OttoRiemer #WorldWarII #TheHolocaust #Nazis #NightOfBrokenGlass #BooksOnRacism #ResistanceFighters #AdolfHitler #Auschwitz https://www.instagram.com/p/CgKhPj3vj_BGuihnPVmCIDUSRpmrAueDk6uVxY0/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[goku20193]

#WarCriminals #Kommandants #Mauthausen #WhatWasSeries #WarCrimes #Kristallnact #GailHerman #ConcentrationCamps #NoOnesBornARacist #WarsawGhetto #SSGuards #TheWannseeConference #RacismIsTaught #Racism #OskarSchindler #WhatWasTheHolocaust #GerdaWeissmannKlein #AnneFrank #HitlerYouth #NurembergTrials #AmonGoeth #OttoRiemer #WorldWarII #TheHolocaust #Nazis #NightOfBrokenGlass #BooksOnRacism #ResistanceFighters #AdolfHitler #Auschwitz https://www.instagram.com/p/CgKhMA5vLY9uHxt1_pm0CraiLrAkkDKR78i1Rk0/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[goku20193]

#WarCriminals #Kommandants #Mauthausen #WhatWasSeries #WarCrimes #Kristallnact #GailHerman #ConcentrationCamps #NoOnesBornARacist #WarsawGhetto #SSGuards #TheWannseeConference #RacismIsTaught #Racism #OskarSchindler #WhatWasTheHolocaust #MartinNiemoller #AnneFrank #HitlerYouth #NurembergTrials #AmonGoeth #OttoRiemer #WorldWarII #TheHolocaust #Nazis #NightOfBrokenGlass #BooksOnRacism #ResistanceFighters #AdolfHitler #Auschwitz https://www.instagram.com/p/CgKg8RWPQ6rZ8RtP0TEY2gnhiMZ1VOwMGb2Pu80/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=