#how to pronounce How to pronounce Crop

[foldingfittedsheets]

I, like I suspect many of the tumblr populace, ran into the issue in my youth of reading a lot of words I never heard spoken. My vocabulary has always been above average but my implementation is often flawed.

Like the day I told my dad I was the epitome of something and he laughed in my face. It wasn’t my fault that I didn’t correctly intuit the emphasis. (Mine was Ep-i-TOME vs Ep-i-to-ME).

My dad didn’t apologize for his rudeness but after my initial disgruntlement I just learned to roll with it. I’d get corrected and laugh it off. Some words were more frustrating though because it necessitated having to rework the word in my brain every time I read it. Like a few years ago when I learned I’d had “seneschal” wrong for decades. (I can’t explain why I thought it was sen-shull and not sen-es-shawl)

I learned that I had harbinger wrong during a Transformers movie without needing to embarrass myself. Thanks, Shia Lebouf. (Har-bing-er (wrong) made way more sense than har-binge-er (right) but no one asked me)

At this point in my life though I’ve managed to work out most of the kinks. I don’t often get corrected anymore.

But there’s one other snag that crops up between me and my beloved. I’ll confidently say a word and they’ll go, “That’s not how that’s pronounced.”

“Yes it is,” I’ll say, very firmly. Because in these cases I’ll generally have heard with my ears and repeated a word verbatim. I’ll know I heard it, so it can’t be wrong.

And pretty much every time I’ll be saying the British pronunciation instead of the American one. I’ve consumed enough British media that often it’s the only time I heard certain words said and I never realized American English handles it differently.

In some cases I’ll switch to the accepted American one. But they can pry machismo out of my cold dead hands, the American version is so stupid I can’t even handle it. I now recognize we stole the Spanish word but we made it worse.

[sylwanin-was-right]

I've mentioned before that the Eywa app provides your phone with the Na'vi keyboard which is great, but what i didnt mention is that its also a English/Na'vi dictionary. It has a lot of entries and definitions and their grammatical information (like if its a transitive verb, etc). It also used IPA markings to give an exact idea of how to pronounce the word.

Its a great starting app for getting your fingers comfortable with Na'vi phonetics on a mobile device (for Apple iPhone and iPad users only right now, unfortunately lol). However, there seems to be a few features that dont seem to function right now:

The audio button for listening to word pronunciation is unresponsive:

The search bar is cropped considerably by the keyboard:

Sometimes the function doesnt seem to output relevant results:

(left) I searched "oe", which means i/me and got words with the letters 'o-e' together rather than the word as the first results (right) I searched "taron", which means hunter, and, similarly, got a words with the letters 't-a-r-o-n' together, which is apparent since a different word, "sätaron", is the first result.

---

This is not to breate the creators because this is a great resource thats still being curated. The search bar functions for most other words (I searched "ikran, fmi, kaltxì", and "kop" and they came up first after I spelled the whole or most of the word), and while the audio aspect of the definitions is convenient, its not necessary since there are IPA symbols to guide speech (plus i can imagine how much time and effort it takes to record and update audio for each entry). I still absolutely recomment this app for the keyboard and dictionary function for all Avatar fans and lì'fya leNa'vi learners like me (the app is free and you can purchase it on the App Store if you have an iPhone)! But I'm curious if other fans who've downloaded the app are having similar problems with it. 👀❔🌀

For additional context, I have an iPhone 8 iOS 15.5. The App Store indicates the last update by the Eywa app team was ~6 months ago and is currently on version is 1.5.0. The developer is Chuhan Qin. <- dont know if this is relevant info for the tech savvy or those experienced with app development but here you go!

[thebarefootcajun]

Jere and Mrs. Nettie Belle

Cajuns are storytellers by nature and some like me enjoy embellishing stories and listening to others with the art of storytelling. This story though fiction, is not embellished.

An old man by the name of Jere, pronounced ji - ree, Cajun French pronunciation lived outside of a little town in South Louisiana named, Boi Humides, translated as Wet Woods in English. Even during the driest times and severest droughts this place stayed soaked. So wet, that Jere had to build his house upon pilings of cement and raise it twenty feet in the air. Now Mr. Jere was a young eighty-nine years old. He could still climb those twenty feet of steps to get to his front porch overlooking a pasture that he inherited from his PawPaw, grandpa. The land was about one and a half acres. And Jere was in love with the property. It was the joy of his life, only second to his number one love, his wife.

Jere had married young in life at age nineteen and one half years. He had married his childhood sweetheart, Mrs. Nettie Belle. She was the most beautiful young southern girl he had ever seen, and it was love at first sight. He met her in fifth grade. She came to school in October after the crops had been harvested. That was how it was in those days, farmers’ children came to school after the crops had been harvested, sold and/or stored until the next crop. Jere really liked that Mrs. Nettie Belle wasn’t a girlie girl. She could pull her weight on a farm at only seventy-nine pounds. If a strong wind blew, she would have flown away. And Jere would lose her sometimes when making fences. As she helped him with fence posts sometimes she became obscure behind big poles. She was painfully thin, but sturdy, toned and strong.

Mrs. Nettie Belle died young, before any children blessed them. She had a serious bout with liver failure, and she was not one to drink a lick of alcohol. Mrs. Nettie Belle had nothing to fight that disease body wise. She wasted away to about fifty pounds before she went to meet the Lord one night in her sleep. It was a long and painful disease, but Mrs. Nettie Belle did have the one thing to fight her liver failure and that was Jesus. He was her rock, salvation, and a banner over her of love. Mrs. Nettie Belle trusted that this discomfort and disease was her way to get to Jesus. She never questioned her illness. In His name she always prayed, and let His will be done. Surely, she prayed for recovery and to be healed, but seriously she wanted more that God’s will be done. And His will was done; He took Mrs. Nettie Belle home one summer night in June.

Mrs. Nettie Belle had asked Jere to bury her in her wedding dress even though it would be a bit large for her. Her wedding was a happy day in her life, the Lord had given her Jere, a helpmeet, lover and best friend. The thing Mrs. Nettie Belle knew more than anything was that she had a home with the One who loved her most; that being Jesus. She would abide into eternity with family, friends and Jesus. Mrs. Nettie Belle’s funeral was well attended; actually the windows and the doors of the church all opened to accommodate all who wanted to experience this angel’s travel to her heavenly home. She faced pain, death and separation because Mrs. Nettie Belle knew she had another home where all her sorrows would be turned to joy.

As always it’s those who are left behind who mourn their departed loved ones, especially a great young love like Nettie Belle’s and Jere’s. Jere didn’t have Mrs. Nettie Belle’s assurance about life eternal. He wasn’t into that, you know church and religion. But one night the Lord came to Jere in a dream and told him that Mrs. Nettie Belle was praying for him in heaven. She so wanted to be reunited with her childhood sweetheart and husband. Theirs had been a gift from God, blessed, and a love second only to the love she felt for Jesus.

Sometimes that’s how the Lord works to get our attention. Mrs. Nettie Belle was willing to lose her life for her husband’s sake. Jere wasn’t sure what to do. The dream was so real. He knew that his beloved Mrs. Nettie Belle was right there with Jesus praying for him that he would be saved. A simple man, Jere, knelt down on his knees and asked Jesus to come into his heart. He wanted what his dear wife had, and he wanted the hope that he would be with her in heaven with Jesus, the angels, family and friends.

Jere had a burden lifted from his heart. Certainly, he missed Mrs. Nettie Belle more than he could ever have expressed. His heart was heavy on many days and he cried a lot. Ever bit so slowly Jere began to experience the miraculous joy of having Jesus in his life. And he began to live his life differently, like in a way of being grateful for not only his prized land soaked in wetlands not much good for anything but that it was his piece of God’s green Earth. Jere’s life had taken on more purpose since losing Mrs. Nettie Belle, no longer did he love so much the things that were worldly, but he began to love spiritual things like his time with his new friend, Jesus.

Jere began to learn how to pray and God answered his prayers, not always in the way he wanted them answered. But one of his prayers was that his land would dry up some and be more productive so that he could make a decent crop. He wanted to give a tithe to the Lord, keep what he needed to live and mostly to be able to share with those in need. That was a prayer that God answered. Some government men came along and told Jere that his land had been soaked with crude oil. They wanted to lease his acre of land to pump oil and use it as a world resource.

Jere had been blessed beyond measure. He became very wealthy. He shared with those around him, especially those who hardly got by. Jere lived until the age of one hundred and nine.

Jere gave everything he had and gained much more. Jesus comforted his soul with the knowledge that he would join Mrs. Nettie Belle before too long. And on one fine June day while napping on his front porch, Jere passed on into Glory. There he joined his childhood sweetheart, Mrs. Nettie Belle. They both knew that they loved each other more than anyone else in the world save Jesus.

Jere’s well is still pumping oil today with one hundred percent of his earnings given to families in crisis. The old adage, you can’t out give God is true. Jere found eternal life through losing his wife through the blood of Jesus Christ and fulfilled his dream of serving through giving to charities.

[kittyboones]

Sage Holland Drage - Bully Self-Insert

This is my Self-Insert for Bully/Canis Canem Edit! I made the art myself and would appreciate if you didn’t use it! The Template was created by Silkvale and it can be found here! I added an extra, maybe not as necessary category in the Hot Encounters category, just for fun!! And I added a few teachers! This is the finished version of this OC/self-insert! if you want to see previous versions, please go through this tag to see previous versions!

If you are interested in reading the current info about my Bully Self-Insert, please read under the cut!

Biographical Information Full Name [& Pronunciation] - Sage Holland Drage ( S AI J ) ( H AW - l uh n d ) ( d r ai j ) Meaning - Herb or Prophet, Ridgeland, Dragon Set Age - 14-15 Certified Birthdate - 12 January 1992 (not my real birth year, but shh) Astrological Sign -  Capricorn Pronouns - They/them or He/Him Aliases & Preferred Nicknames –   Dumbbell - Sage might not actually like the nickname, but Mandy WIles insist    on calling Sage it whenever Mandy sees Sage, so Sage is kind of used to this  nickname   Dragon - As some people may not be able to pronounce Sage’s surname,          Sage just call themselves Dragon to make it easier for everyone.   Ms. Shy - Even though Sage prefers to go by he/him or they/them pronouns,    people insist on calling them ms, and many people consider them shy because of how they seem terrified of new people. This nickname was first given by          Gord Vendome.   Puppy - A nickname Sage got from Kirby Olsen, that they claim matches their general personality and as Kirby claims, matches the fact Sage has puppy eyes ‘that could melt the coldest of hearts’.   Handsome Holland - because of an incident with the greasers, Ricky started calling Sage handsome and man does Sage blush every damn time   Dragonborn – Because of Sage secretly is a bit of a nerd, they obtained this nickname from the nerds when they found out they enjoyed roleplaying games like   Freddie Mercury - Mostly because of how much of a drama queen Sage can act like when they feel like it, some of the Preps have realized Sage fit the description of Bullworth’s Freddie Mercury and maybe it’s because of the fact that Sage, just like Mr Mercury, is Bisexual   Posh Spice – Maybe it’s because of how posh and ladylike Sage gets when they are dressed extremely nicely, or maybe it’s because of how Sage is not such an innocent girl like Victoria sang herself back in 2001 Ethnicities  Distant Descendants : American, British, Italian Dominant Descendants : Norwegian, Swedish, Danish Physical Description  Hair Color - Brown Eye Color - Blue Weight –  Height -  Typical Clothing Wear :  Maroon or pink vest, purple skirt, blue bow, purple bow, pink shoes - School   uniform  Pink silk dress and blonde wig - Halloween costume, that is supposed to   resemble Carrie White from the movie Carrie  Faux fur coat, faux fur ushanka - Winter attire  Plaid pink pyjama pants, striped yellow and black crop top - Pyjamas Figure/Build -  Distinguishing Features/Scars/ or Birthmarks – A mole just over their lip Explain:  Tattoos:  Piercings:  Frequently Worn Jewelry: Choker belt around their neck Personal Information  Current Living Arrangements - Sage currently lives with five of their American relatives, but also they technically live at Bullworth, in the girl’s dorm Originated from - Norway Travelled Territories -  Hobbies -   Fears – Spiders, snakes, insects, heights, scarecrows, most of the jocks Religion/Beliefs – Atheist Why?: Sage grew up in an atheist family, as simple as that. Health Behaviors  Physical Ailments/ Disabilities/ Issues –  Addiction(s) [Sex, Drugs, Smoking, Alcohol, Other] As stupid as it sounds, Sage is kind of addicted to eating sugar icing. Why?:  Any regular medication taken? – Medication for their Iron Deficiency and for their Hives Chronological Information  Profession - Student Likes -  Dislikes -  Goals/Ambitions –  Most Instructive/Painful/Memorable Experience -  Story behind experience:  Weapons/Equipment - Sage mostly fights using their hands but can use a baseball if they need to. Personal Attributes  Personality -  Strengths -  Weaknesses -  Good Habits -  Bad Habits -  Fetishes/Strange Behaviors -  Stereotype - Shy kid with few friends As you know them better(and you like them) :  As you know them better(and you hate them) :   Ratings on Personal Qualities  Physical Strength : 4/10 Sage might not regularly train, but surprisingly Sage is stronger than they seem Attractive : 5/10 Sage doesn’t consider themselves the most beautiful and mostly blames it upon their parents and grandparents for how they look Honesty : 7/10 Sage hates lying in general, but still does lie if they need to. Rule Abiding : 3/10  Sage thinks certain rules are to be broken and others are to be broken. Sociability : 3/10  Sage is quite shy when it comes to meeting new people, but if they muster up enough confidence they can make new friends. Bullworth Academy Information  Reason for enrolling: Sage has lacked disiplince and Sage’s parents had relatives that lived close Bullworth, so they decided on sending them to a Clique -  Standing and Rank in Social Circle  - Room Number – 4 Roommate(s)-  Zoe Taylor & Beatrice Trudeau Favourite Subject(s) – English,  & Art Why?: Sage loves English because they’ve felt so motivated and  Least Favorite Subject(s) –  Why?:  Favourite Teacher – Mr. Galloway & Mrs. Philips Why?:  Mr. Galloway - Sage takes a liking to Mr. Galloway, mostly because he encouraged and gave Sage a warm welcome to the school, during Sage’s first day at Bullworth Mrs. Philips - Sage got a few compliments Least Favorite Teacher –  Mr. Slawter Why?: Sage is quite afraid of Mr. Slawter, mostly because he yelled at Sage during their first class Knowledgeability  Language(s) – Norwegian, English Schooling Level - Grade 8-9, Expertise –  Chemistry –   Math –   English  –   Geography – low / Sage knows a few things, like where certain European countries are, but after that, nothing more Politics/Law – low / Sage doesn’t really find any reason to take interest in politics and doesn’t really understand it Economy –   Cooking/Culinary –   Shop –   Botany/Biology –   Mythology – high / Sage knows a lot about Norrøn Mythology and enjoys learning more and more about it Art – high / Sage highly enjoys Art and feels that they know a lot about the rules about realism and perspective Photography – medium / Sage knows how to use a camera, and what settings look good or not, so they consider themselves at a 5/10 Reading Level –   Overall Intelligence Level(s) -  Interpersonal and Naturalistic.  Relationships Statuses   Trusted Companions  Closest Friend(s) –    Milliz - “I trust her with my life. Nothing more or less to say. And might I add that her and Earnest are really freakiNG ADORABLE?”   Friend(s) -    Kirby Olsen - “Damn, I consider him my best friend out of most of the students at Bullworth.” Despite Kirby being a jock and Sage being afraid of most of the jocks, Kirby and Sage are pretty close   Beatrice Trudeau - “She might be a nerd, but I’m lowkey a nerd so we gotta stick together” Sage might not act like it, but they’re a big nerd and therefore easily became good friends with Beatrice.   Pinky Gauthier - “excuse me? She’s one of my best friends!” Sage and Pinky quickly became friends, mostly because of how Sage was wearing Aquaberry when they first came to Bullworth and the fact that Pinky was friends with Sage’s cousin from before.

Hated Rivals  Worst Enemies –  Intolerable Students -  Harmless Acquaintances  Tolerated Students -    Zoe Taylor -       Tolerated Townsfolk - Hot Encounters  Hinted Attractions -    Bif Taylor - Sage finds Bif a bit charming and he surprisingly acts slightly kind to them, but he’s dating their cousin so😔   Tom Gurney - Sage realized really quickly that Tom was the least violent one out of the bullies and found him a slight bit charming and funny, but they don’t really hang out that much so..   Ricky Pucino - Sage found Ricky a small bit scary in the start, but quickly developed a small crush that they seem to forget about really easily Crush(es) - Gary Smith, Jimmy Hopkins and Petey Kowalski, before Sage started dating them Lover(s) - Gary, Jimmy and Petey, after they started dating them Ex(s) - Just some Norwegian guys they used to go to school with that Sage happened to like Admirer(s) -   Ivan Alexander -    Bucky Pasteur - Sage, only really being friends with Beatrice and    Casey Harris -    Dan Wilson -  Extra Information  Eating Habits Omnivore/Carnivore/Herbivore – Omnivore  Favourite Food(s): Sage likes pizza, but they just like just food in general Favourite Drink(s):  Disliked Food(s):  Disliked Drink(s):  Added Information  Proclaimed Theme Song(s) - Either Dancing Queen by ABBA or Dum Og Deilig from Knutsen Og Ludvigsen Scent –  Favourite Color: Sage can’t really decide between pink, maroon or beige. Favourite Season: Winter Favourite Animal: Sage can’t decide, so they usually just say dogs Favourite Music Genre: Sage can’t really choose, but they are very fond of country and Pop Most Memorable Quote – “ Various Quotes Through Interaction :  “ Walking around –  “I sure hope Mandy was joking when she called me a dumbbell...” “I don’t know jack dritt about math, how am I supposed to get a good grade?” “Gary mentioned something about rats, wondered what he was on about.” “I’m considering joining a clique... but which one?” “ “ “ “ When the fire alarm goes off –  “Stuff like this always happens when you least expect it.” “Sure hope this isn’t a drill, I don’t want my slippers to get wet again without reason.” ”OH SHIT!” ”I owe whoever did that my life!” Greetings Good Terms:  “Hiya!” “Hey there, best friend!” “How ya doing, sweetie?” “How are you doing, buddy?” “Hey, anything fun happen recently?” “Bro! What’s up?” “Heisann!” (Norwegian for ‘Hey there’) Bad Terms:  “Please leave me alone” “I rather not talk.” “Ew.” “Get out of my face!” “Leave me alone!” “Continue being around me and I’ll beat you up! Or cry! Or even both!” Saying goodbye –  Good Terms:  “Have a good day! “See you later!” “Hope you have a good night!” Bad Terms:  “”See you in Hell, I uhm mean class.” “Leave already.” “I’m getting a headache, gotta go.” “Byyeee, see you never.” When Flirted With –  Good Terms:  “I uhm...” “Thank you....” “Well I uhm, thank you so much! I uhm haha, we should hang out or something!” “I feel flattered. I’ll uhh have to go over there until the blushing stops.” “Continue acting this sweet and you’re going to be getting ladies really quickly.” “You’re such a sweetheart!” “If I were of age, I would marry you right here on the spot, but I’m still too young.” Bad Terms:  “I wouldn’t say I don’t like you, but I’m not that interested.” “Not to be rude, but no.” “That better not be trying to make me blush, because it didn’t work at all.” “Get lost!” “I ain’t interested!” “Yikes, no thanks.“ Watching a fight –  “I know I shouldn’t watch this crap, but damn it feels so right, right now!” “ Attacking –  “I’m sorry!” “I have no choice in this situation, so I apologize beforehand!” “I learnt this one from my friend!” ”Either you run away or I keep hitting!” While Fighting –  “I really wish it didn’t have to end with one of us being hurt!” “Ouch! Thanks, I guess!” Chasing someone –  “You can run, but you can also hide!” “Come back here! please...!” Out of breath –  “This always happens....” “Why do I have to have iron deficiency? When hidden from –  “We aren’t playing hide and seek!” Knocked out –  “This sure does remind me of my first day...” Stinkbomb explodes –  “I can’t see shit!” “I should be happy I can’t smell anything from before!” “I envy ducks: they wouldn’t have the ability to smell this!” Opinions on students who reside at Bullworth Academy– Bullies   Davis White:  Ethan Robinson:  Russell Northrop:  Trent Northwick:  Troy Miller:  Wade Martin:  Zoe Taylor:  Greasers  Hal Esposito:  Johnny Vincent:  Lefty Mancini:  Lola Lombardi:  Lucky De Luca:  Norton Williams:  Peanut Romano:  Vance Medici:  Jocks  Bo Jackson:   Damon West:   Juri Karamazov:  Luis Luna:  Mandy Wiles:  Ted Thompson:  Nerds  Algernon Papadopoulos:  Cornelius Johnson:  Donald Anderson:  Earnest Jones: Sage has a strange friendship with the leader of the nerds: There are times where Sage find him the most annoying person and would love to beat him up and there are other times where Sage can relate a lot with him and talk about video games to him Fatty Johnson:  Melvin O'Connor:  Thad Carlson:  Non-Cliques Angie Ng:  Christy Martin:  Constantinos Brakus: Sage has a strong grudge against Constantinos because he snitched on them when they were sending notes to Kirby in class. Eunice Pound:  Gloria Jackson:  Gordon Wakefield:  Karen Johnson:  Lance Jackson:  Melody Adams:  Pedro De La Hoya: “Doesn’t he like, pee his bed and get bullied a lot? I guess he’s okay, just too weak and manipulative for his own good.“ Ray Hughes:  Sheldon Thompson: “Oh look at me, I am Sheldon, all the teachers love me! I hate that kid. Annoying and desperate.” Sage has a literal grudge against him and just like everyone, thinks he is a teacher’s pet Trevor Moore: Sage has no general opinion on  Preppies  Bryce Montrose:  Chad Morris:  Derby Harrington:  Gord Vendome:  Justin Vandervelde:  Parker Ogilvie:  Tad Spencer: "Big fat ego. He’s the least best prep, after my cousin of course!” Opinion on Adults who teach and patrol at Bullworth Academy – Edna: “She’s... interesting. Underrated, but I wouldn’t consider her the best. She’s kind of rude.” Dr. Crabblesnitch: “Well, he might be my principal, but he sure isn’t much of a pal. I mean, he isn’t friendly, you know?” Miss Danvers: “She might not have done anything towards me, but she gives Derby special treatment and she kind of was a bit rude to Jimmy like last year, so I don’t whether to be respectful towards her or not.” Miss Peters: “She forced me into doing a show I didn’t want to be a part of, so she isn’t getting no respect.” Mr. Galloway: “Can I just say: Best teacher, obviously. He might be an alcoholic, but I don’t judge.” Mr. Luntz: “Strange but nice guy. I respect him.“ Mr. Matthews: “I am sorry, but I don’t know who he is because I might uh be skipping some of my classes.” Sage skips their geography classes, so they have no knowledge of who he is. Mr. Slawter: “He yelled at me on my first day, so I guess I’m kind of scared of him, because he has a booming voice.” Mr. Watts: “Strange man. Strange, very strange man.” Mr. Wiggins: Sage can’t find a reason to find Mr. Wiggins an interesting teacher to listen to. Mrs. Carvin: “I don’t really know her, but I know she’s the librarian so..” Mrs. MacRae: “That woman freaks me out.“ Mrs Peabody: “I don’t have anything against her, but she shouldn’t be so old fashioned.“ Ms. Phillips: “Favourite teacher! She’s great! She encourages the students to do their best and she isn’t against any kind of art!“ Neil: Sage doesn’t really know who Neil is and doesn’t bother learning, as they don’t have. Prefects –  Edward Seymour II:  Karl Branting:  Max MacTavish:  Seth Kolbe:  Opinions on People in the cities of Bullworth – Townies  Clint(aka Henry): Sage doesn’t like saying it, but they’re quite afraid of him and Leon Duncan:  Edgar Munsen:  Gurney:  Jerry:  Leon: Sage is scared of him and Clint. Omar Romero:  Otto Tyler:  Residents in the city of Bullworth –  Bethany Jones:  Denny:  Dr. Bambillo:  Krakauer:  Mihailovich:  Miss Abby:  Mr. Brekindale:  Mr. Buckingham: Sage thinks he isn’t that special compared to other people but thinks he is one of the nicest residents of Bullworth they have met. Mr. Castillo:  Mr. Doolin:  Mr. Huntingdon:  Mr. Johnson:  Mr. Martin: Sage sympathizes him and often can relate to what he is saying. Mr. Ramirez:  Mr. Salvatore:  Mr. Smith:  Mr. Sullivan:  Ms. Rushinski  Mrs. Lisburn: Osborne: 

[worldpedias]

How To Pronounce Scythe 85

Learn how to pronounce and speak scythe easily. He struck down the weeds with a scythe.

How to Pronounce Scythes YouTube from www.youtube.com

How to pronounce scythe. It said, in terms of anatomy, some membranous folds of which are shaped like a scythe 4: How to pronounce scythe down; You'll be able to mark your mistakes quite easily.

Listen to the audio pronunciation in several english accents. How to say scythe in english? About press copyright contact us creators advertise developers terms privacy policy & safety how youtube works test new features.

Record yourself saying 'scythe' in full sentences, then watch yourself and listen. Listen to the spoken audio pronunciation of scythe, record your own pronunciation using microphone and then compare with the recorded pronunciation. How do you pronounce “scythe”?

Barb pronunciation barb [en] bill pronunciation bill [en] hook pronunciation hook [en] clip pronunciation clip [en] crop pronunciation crop [en] How to pronounce 'scythe' so last night at dinner, i was discussing with my brother the pronunciation of the letter 'y' in the word 'scythe.' me: No, it's scythe! (like sith) me:

Listen to the audio pronunciation of scythed on pronouncekiwi. Sahyth how to say scythe: You'll be able to mark your mistakes quite easily.

See the full definition for scythe in the english language learners dictionary. Thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet. Has a long handle that must be held with both hands and a curved blade that moves parallel to the ground;

[howtopronounceenglishcorrectly]

Learn how to pronounce Crop in English --- CROP Pronunciation of Crop: /krɑːp/ (n.) Definition of Crop: The pouchlike enlargement of the gullet of birds, serving as a receptacle for food; the craw. ★ http://Learn2Pronounce.com ★ How to pronounce Crop | English pronunciation: https://youtu.be/K4HoP88CZnY

[rigelmejo]

tones, i will admit, ARE difficult for me

but i think, for me, flat comparison, chinese is easier for me to learn the writing system than japanese.

ok, for me (since all this IS just my personal experience and opinion), japanese pronunciation is easier. it can take a couple weeks or less to learn to pronounce japanese properly, if you’re a native english speaker. The pronounciation is very straightforward. Likewise - hiragana and katakana can take a couple weeks down to one solid day to learn. They’re very much like our alphabet, except based on mostly ‘syllables’, instead of consonants AND vowels. So the concept of hiragana and katakana is very easy to understand, and with the use of nmemonics (or premade ones from some learning worksheet or app or video - i used a free app) it should just take a couple of days to know them. After that, continous exposure means hiragana and katakana will be remembered and learned. Pronunciation, hiragana, and katakana, are not too difficult. 

When I was trying to learn Russian, I actually found the cyrillic alphabet a bit harder (but it also only took a couple weeks). I also found Russian pronuncation harder to learn, I thought Japanese was much easier for an english speaker to get used to. 

And, in that same vein - japanese listening skills are quite straightforward. The syllables are easy to pronounce, and they’re easy to identify when listening. The biggest ‘difficulty’ is the speed of speech, but you get used to it and the sooner you practice the better. The other difficulty is the same as with any language - if you don’t know a word, that will prevent listening comprehension.

The japanese grammar? It is very differently organized than english, so it can be difficult to train yourself to use japanese grammar correctly as a native english speaker. But overall, it makes sense and is understandable. The main challenge is getting used to using japanese grammar instead of trying to use the sentence structure you would use in english. I personally think particles make a lot of sense, and are very helpful in understanding. When I read chinese, particles tell me what EVERY part of the sentence is doing - which helps me try to comprehend sentences, even if I don’t know every word. If I can figure out which parts are the core details, based on object/subject/verb particle markers and whether the verb is present/past tense, negative/positive, i can interpret the main meaning of a sentence. (Shout out to French too, by the way, because as much as i get annoyed with the MANY word endings in French... French has pretty recognizable different word ending types depending on what Purpose each word serves, so sentences with unknown words still can be interpreted to some degree by locating the nouns/verbs/adjectives and if there’s negations/tenses in the sentence). 

Some parts of learning japanese are fast, some take time, but I think all of the above are straightforward and not that hard to at least understand and study. What is hard? KANJI.

KANJI KANJI KANJI. 

Kanji are really the thing that holds me back in learning. It is a FIRST milestone to learn some kanji  (and the applicable pronunciation) for the common words your learning. Then, if u ever wanna read, to go through some book (or nmemonic site, or flashcard site) trying to learn just the MEANING of some 2000 kanji. Then, if you actually want to KNOW the words they make, you need to start learning the multiple pronunciations of most kanji. Kanji also, like chinese, can combine to form words as well as sometimes be words as standalone. That part is about equally hard to chinese. But the multiple pronunciations??? THAT is the killer. EVEN if you studied a kanji, if you didn’t learn or remember enough pronounciations, then if you stumble on it in reading you STILL may not have any idea how to pronounce it. You might even be able to guess from context what the new word means... but not its pronunciation. This issue also crops up as you learn words from listening - even if you heard a word, and learned it, you may have no idea you are READING a word you know. Because you aren’t sure what the pronunciation of the word you’re reading is.  Moral of the story is WORK ON LEARNING KANJI. WORK ON IT SOME MORE. (cry).

---

For me, at least, Chinese reading has been significantly easier.

Yes, there are still some difficulties. One being that UNLIKE japanese, there are not usually obvious markers in the sentence to tell you what each word’s function is. Japanese particles really are... immensely useful. I tried to overcome that difficulty in chinese, by reading a grammar guide early on in my studies (and I plan to read more later). Chinese DOES have verb marking words (zhe, dao, di are often put after verbs for certain reasons), and sometimes adjectives are easily identifiable (either because they’re proceeded by tai/hen or because they end with di/de like the ‘ly’ ending in english on adjectives). Knowing how verbs are made negative/positive and how the tenses are implied also helps a reader identify where the verb/subject/object in a sentence are. So yes, studying chinese grammar will make breaks between words in chinese easier to determine, and will make looking at an unfamiliar sentence a little easier to break down into some smaller comprehensible chunks. But honestly, for me... japanese and its particles still make this task FAR easier than in any other language I’ve tried studying. In addition, japanese usually uses kanji for adjectives/nouns/verbs and then the conjugations and particles are hiragana. So there’s yet another clear marker of when words start and end (a particle will end or preceed them, a conjugation will end them, and a new kanji will often appear with the start of a new verb/adjective/noun). So... on the basis of interpreting an unfamiliar sentence’s parts, chinese is a bit harder - although there are some details in a sentence that help you interpret.

The big places chinese shines as significantly easier: I genuinely think their grammar is more ‘natural’ to an english speaker. In many simple sentences, chinese will word ideas the same way english would, and is usually subject verb object. When chinese has a different word order, for me personally it is a word order I still COULD find comprehensible even if I didn’t know it was ‘meant’ to be ordered that way in chinese. Like, take chinese word order - say the sentence in english words, in the same word order. It may sound clunky, or oddly worded, but it will be comprehensible - you will be able to understand it as meaning the same thing as if it were worded in the usual english word-order. Vice versa, if you’re an english speaker trying to speak/type chinese, your word order is sometimes comprehensible even if its the ‘wrong’ order. And when you have your mistakes corrected, you will be able to see ‘why’ they were corrected the way they were. (Usually, at least with my mistakes, its a small matter of me putting one section of my sentence in the wrong area, or just using the wrong verb - like neng instead of hui, etc). They are mistakes you will be able to understand on why they have been corrected the way they have. So they are easier to learn from, at least for me. While the grammar is sometimes decently different from english, I think its comprehensible enough to a person used to thinking in english. When I watch chinese dramas, even if a sentence is worded a way i do not Expect it to be worded, i can still COMPREHEND the sentence correctly if i know the words. Word order is less jarring in a transition from english -> chinese, compared to english ->japanese.

And now, HANZI. I think HANZI are significantly easier than kanji to learn. Now, they are NOT easy objectively. Both kanji and hanzi I would imagine are hard for anyone to learn who has not grown up learning them and using them.

But hanzi seem so much more... straightforward. Hanzi, very very often, have either one or both useful features: they have some part of the character imply something about it’s meaning, and some part of the character imply some part of it’s pronunciation. Many characters include BOTH features. And very few characters have multiple pronunciations compared to japanese. For me, I have found that the characters that DO have multiple pronunciations come up frequently and are in commonly learned words, so they come up well before you’re diving into native reading materials. in juede for ‘think/feel,’ the jue character is also jiao, in shuijiao for ‘sleep.’ those are two words which come up so frequently the character’s 2 pronunciations are easy to pick up. Another is the characters that form the word endings for adjectives - the very frequent ‘de’ that is used for a lot of things in grammar, becomes pronounced ‘di’ when its used like an adjective ending ‘ly’ in english. While its confusing maybe the first few times you REALIZE it happens, its very common so you recognize it quickly. And I personally think the distinction makes LISTENING easier (since two ‘di’ pronounced characters often follow adjectives, making the adjectives easier to identify). Also for me, I associate seeing that ‘de/di’ character with something grammatical happening. So the fact it changes pronunciation based on what it’s doing grammatically, I think is helpful. So yes, there’s some characters with multiple pronunciations. But OVERWHELMINGLY they’ve got one main pronunciation.

Also, overwhelmingly, a ton of them hint the pronunciation IN the character. Which I think helps a TON in connecting a word you’ve only HEARD, to a word you run into for the first time in reading. You know ‘xia4′ means fear as well as down, but have only SEEN the character for ‘down’ before. You run into the character for ‘frighten’ when reading - you realize it’s fear because you know frighten is pronounced xia4 too, and this new character contains the symbol for ‘down’ in it on the right side. The left side has a mouth - and it reminds you of screaming. It is fair that you will guess this new word you’re reading for the first time, is the word ‘frighten’ you’ve heard before. And because a person ‘shouts’ and someone else ‘falls down’ because they got frightened by the shout, the new character is now easy to remember. The new character has both a clear hint at the meaning, and a hint at the pronunciation. So in reading/listening, its easier to start matching up what you hear to things you read later and vice versa. New words and characters seem easier to pick up than in japanese. 

For chinese, just for me... it makes a lot more sense as to why this would be a writing system chosen to be used. The hanzi can represent all the sounds they need, and the way the hanzi are designed make incorporation of a hint of meaning, pronunciation, or both a relatively straightforward process. Kanji are just... some full level more difficult, because they do NOT have that pronunciation hint in them. And they also tend to have many more pronuncations than chinese characters.

I think the grammar points, being often the hiragana and katakana parts of sentences, make japanese grammar easy to look at and identify more quickly if you’re studying it. But I also think, as time goes on, its lack of vocabulary that holds your comprehension back. And for chinese... vocabulary that includes characters is easier to amass and remember, compared to japanese vocabulary with kanji. 

[notarealdisciple]

Lesson 22: Next Summer...

Summary Anna and her producer, Amelia, are planning the new children's show. Anna has lots of ideas for the show. Will Amelia like them and work well with Anna?   Speaking Learn to pronounce the new words for this lesson and how to talk about your favorite season and vacation activities.  Pronunciation Use this video to learn how to do shadowing, or repeating soon after you hear a native speaker. Conversation   Anna: Washington, D.C. has four seasons: winter, spring, summer and autumn or fall. My favorite season is summer because of summer vacation!Hey, that will be a great subject for my new work assignment -- the children’s show. I can teach what families in the U.S. do during summer vacation.Today, I’m planning the show with Amelia. This is the first time we are working together. I hope we can work well together. Hi, Amelia! Amelia: Hi, Anna! So, what are we going to talk about on the first show? Anna: I want to talk about summer vacation. Amelia: That will be fun! Are you going on vacation this summer? Anna: No. This summer I am too busy. Amelia: That’s too bad.  Anna: It’s okay. I can go on vacation next summer. This show will be a lot of fun too! Amelia: So, Anna, what’s the plan for the show? Anna: First, we’re going to introduce the subject. Then we can show pictures and video. Amelia: We can show tons of video! Anna: Right! We can interview children and have guests, too. Amelia: Kids can ask us questions. Anna: Great idea! Finally, we can read the questions and tell them where to learn more. Amelia: Okay, let’s try it! Anna: Let’s do it! Anna: Hi there! And welcome to … Amelia, we don’t have a name for the show. Amelia: We’ll think of a name later. For now, we'll call it “The Show.” Anna: Great. Hi there! And welcome to “The Show.” Anna: Today we are going to take you on a summer vacation! You will see popular things to do on vacation! Anna: One is camping. When you go camping, you cook, sleep and play outdoors! Amelia: When I go camping, Anna, I like to go hiking and fishing. Anna: Me, too. Those are fun things to do when you go camping! Anna: These people are hiking. Amelia: Okay, let’s talk about the next vacation. Anna: Another popular summer vacation is going to an amusement park. At an amusement park, you go on rides and eat lots of fun food! Amelia: I love cotton candy … ! Anna & Amelia: and rollercoasters! Amelia: This show is going to be a lot of fun. Anna: I know! Anna: This is riding a rollercoaster! Amelia: Whoooo! What is the last vacation? Anna: One of the most popular vacations is … going to the beach! Anna & Amelia: I love the beach! Anna: When I see that blue ocean, I want to leave Washington, D.C. immediately and go to the beach! Anna: Maybe next summer. Amelia: But right now, it’s time to work! Anna: Right. Until next time ...   Writing What is your favorite season? What do you like to do when you go on a vacation? Tell us about the next vacation you plan to go on. Write to us by email or in the Comments section. Click on the image below to download the Activity Sheet and practice with a friend. Learning Strategy Learning Strategies are the thoughts and actions that help make learning easier or more effective. The learning strategy for this lesson is Plan. When we learn a new language, planning helps us to continue to learn well. In the video, you can see Amelia and Anna planning for the new children's show. Notice how they talk about a list of the things they will do. "First, we’re going to introduce the subject. Then we can show pictures and video. ... We can interview children and have guests too. Great idea! Finally, we can read the questions and tell them where to learn more." How do you plan when using or learning English? Write to us in the Comments section or send us an email. Teachers, see the Lesson Plan for more details on teaching this strategy.   Quiz Listen to short videos and test your listening skills with this quiz. ______________________________________________________________ New Words amusement park - n. a place that has many games and rides (such as roller coasters and merry-go-rounds) for entertainment beach - n. an area covered with sand or small rocks that is next to an ocean or lake camping - n. the activity of sleeping outdoors in a tent usually for enjoyment cotton candy - n. candy made from sugar that is boiled, spun into a soft material using a special machine, and then wound around a stick fishing - n. the sport or business of catching fish guest - n. a usually well-known person who is invited to appear or perform on a program hike - n. to walk a long distance especially for pleasure or exercise immediately - adv. without any delay introduce - v. to speak briefly to an audience about something that is about to begin kid - n. a young person outdoors - adv. outside a building or not inside a building plan n. - a set of actions that have been thought of as a way to do or achieve something plan - v. to think about and arrange the parts or details of (something) before it happens or is made right - adv. in a direct course or manner right now = immediately rollercoaster - n. a ride at an  amusement park which is like a small, open train with tracks that are high off    the ground and that have sharp curves and steep hills season - n. one of the four periods into which the year is commonly divided subject - n. the person or thing that is being discussed or described swimming - n. the sport or activity of moving through water by moving your arms and legs vacation - n. a period of time that a person spends away from home, school, or business usually in order to relax or travel The Four Seasons: spring - n. the season when plants and trees begin to grow summer - n. the warmest season of the year autumn - n. the third season of the year, when crops and fruits are gathered and leaves fall winter - n. the coldest season of the year ______________________________________________________________ Free Materials   Download the VOA Learning English Word Book for a dictionary of the words we use on this website. Each Let's Learn English lesson has an Activity Sheet for extra practice on your own or in the classroom. In this lesson, you can use it to practice talking about what you do in different seasons. For Teachers   See the Lesson Plan for this lesson for ideas and more teaching resources. Send us an email if you have comments on this course or questions. Grammar focus: Talking about a sequence of events using going to to talk about future events Topics: Vacations; Seasons Learning Strategy: Planning Speaking & Pronunciation Focus: Talking about plans; vacation activities; shadowing and summarizing ______________________________________________________________ Now it's your turn. Send us an email or write to us in the Comments section below or on our Facebook page to let us know what you think of this lesson. Source: https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/lets-learn-english-lesson-22/3397314.html

[iparler]

Hanzi and kanji (Chinese Characters and Japanese  Characters )

Hanzi and kanji are the Chinese and Japanese pronunciations of the term 漢字 that is used in both languages. It refers to the Chinese characters that both languages make use of in their writing systems. Chinese is written entirely in hanzi, and Japanese makes heavy use of Chinese characters.

But are hanzi and kanji the same thing? They’re both 漢字 and could be translated as “Chinese characters”, but are the character sets the same?

I wrote about this before, saying that the Chinese and Japanese character sets are the same most of the time. I still stand by that statement, but I’ve been meaning to write a little more on the topic for a while. Note that what I’m interested in here is quite specifically the two character sets of hanzi and kanji, how much they overlap and where they vary. This is intended to be a very simplified, generalized overview of hanzi and kanji today for the casual reader.

This, of course, glosses over huge swathes of detail, but it is meant to be easy to follow. The main thing it’s missing is any of the histories of how the present situation came about, which is quite an interesting series of developments. What’s below is, hopefully, a casual summary of the obvious differences between hanzi and kanji character sets in the present day.

Hanzi and kanji are of course pronounced differently!

Let’s start with a super-obvious difference between hanzi and kanji. Despite being the same writing system (or at least very similar to each other), hanzi and kanji serve entirely different languages. As such, the Chinese pronunciation of a hanzi is usually very different to the Japanese pronunciation of the equivalent kanji (sometimes the pronunciations may be somewhat similar, though).

This actually extends further than Chinese and Japanese. Korean also uses Chinese characters, calling them hanja (한자), and the pronunciations are somewhat different again (although closer to Chinese than Japanese, as far as I know). Beyond that, China’s huge variety of dialects and language groups can also be written using hanzi, despite having very different pronunciations.

A quick example:

誠

That character is pronounced chéng in Mandarin Chinese but Makoto or sei in Japanese. Note that there are multiple possible pronunciations for Japanese kanji, whereas the majority of hanzi in Chinese have only one possible pronunciation. There are some Chinese hanzi with multiple possible pronunciations, but they’re singled out as special in the category 多音字 (duōyīnzì - multiple reading characters).

This difference isn’t really that relevant to distinguishing the writing systems, but it might be helpful to be aware of this point if you’re totally unfamiliar with either language.

I think European languages use the Latin alphabet makes an acceptable analogy for this. Many words may be written the same way across European languages but pronounced differently. This is similar in some ways to the situation with hanzi/ kanji/hanja in East Asia (and very different in other ways).

But the pronunciation plot thickens!

However, the issue of hanzi and kanji being pronounced differently isn’t so stark when you go back in history. Modern Mandarin Chinese is linguistically quite a recent thing, and its pronunciation can be quite different to pronunciation to the Chinese of the past and to other Chinese languages/dialects.

If you consider that Mandarin (普通话) used to be called 官话 - “official speech” - you can see that it developed from the start as a formalized, standardized language, and not so much as an organic one (although it is of course heavily based on organic Beijing Chinese). The Chinese of the past was actually much more similar to Japanese in its pronunciation of hanzi/kanji.

Also, consider that many Chinese languages/dialects are more similar to Japanese in pronunciation than Mandarin is. One example that springs to mind are the hanzi transliterations of place names.

For example, Cambridge is called 劍橋 (Jiànqiáo) in Mandarin. The second character is the bridge, which makes sense for its meaning, so let's ignore it for the pronunciation. The first character doesn’t seem to make much sense - it doesn’t sound very similar to the English Cam, and the meaning “sword” seems to be unrelated.

In Cantonese, however, that hanzi is pronounced gim3, and in Japanese, the same kanji is pronounced ken. These are much more similar to the English Cam, and, more importantly, to each other. So you can see that whilst Mandarin pronunciation of hanzi can be very different, other Chinese languages may have retained greater similarity with Japanese from the older Chinese that the pronunciation of both languages is based on.

Japanese has other systems besides kanji

This is just a quick note for anyone reading this who has no knowledge of either language involved. Chinese is written entirely in hanzi. Japanese makes use of kanji (mostly similar to hanzi), but also has two syllabaries of its own: hiragana and katakana. 

So whilst written Chinese looks like a series of regular block-shaped characters, Japanese also has a lot of squiggly bits thrown in:

Chinese: 我的氣墊船滿是鱔魚。

Japanese: 私のホバークラフトは鰻でいっぱいです.

What we’re interested in here, though, are the Chinese characters used in both languages. The Chinese sentence above is written in them entirely, whilst the Japanese sentences only use two (私 and 鰻).

Simplified hanzi and kanji are clearly different

Another fairly obvious distinction. During the twentieth century, various iterations of the Chinese government took the chance to simplify and standardize the Chinese character set (hanzi). This new/standardized character set is known as Simplified Chinese (简体字 - jiǎntǐzì) and is easily distinguishable from Japanese kanji where the differences apply.

I’ve never liked the term Simplified Chinese and the way it’s used. Firstly, if you’re not familiar with these issues, ‘Simplified Chinese’ makes it sound like the actual language has been simplified in some way. That’s not the case at all - only the actual form of the characters has been changed. It would be the equivalent of making the Latin alphabet faster to write by simplifying the letters.

Secondly, Simplified Chinese is often offered as a choice amongst other languages. This makes sense when you want your interface or website in different languages, as most people who read Chinese are far more comfortable with one character set than the other. Despite that, I still dislike presenting it as a different “language” when it’s not.

Anyway, Simplified Chinese hanzi are very easy to distinguish from Japanese kanji. However, only a small proportion of hanzi was ever simplified - most have been left unchanged. So you can only distinguish simplified hanzi and kanji when you’ve actually got one of the simplified hanzi.

Let’s reuse our example from before:

诚 vs 誠

This hanzi/kanji means “honesty” and “sincerity” in both languages, although in Japanese it also means things like “admonish” and “prohibit” (more on variant meanings below).

The version on the left is the simplified Chinese hanzi, and the version on the right is used in both traditional Chinese and Japanese. The difference is in the radical on the left of the character, which means “speech”. It’s written 讠 in simplified Chinese and 言 in the other character sets.

Where hanzi have been simplified, they are immediately identifiable as Chinese. Simplified Chinese is used mainly in Singapore, Malaysia and of course mainland China.

Japanese kanji have also been simplified

Written Chinese is not alone in having undergone simplification. Japanese kanji were also simplified by the Japanese government after the Second World War. This new character set is called 新字体 (shinjitai). It’s different again to simplified Chinese (简体字 jiǎntǐzì), despite having a similar methodology: reduce the number of strokes in some characters and streamline components.

Before this simplification, the written forms of Japanese kanji were equivalent to traditional Chinese hanzi. So now we’re dealing with three different character sets traditional hanzi (繁體字), simplified hanzi (简体字), and simplified kanji ( 新字体).

So there are of course characters that are different in all three sets:

鐵 - 铁 - 鉄 traditional / original - simplified Chinese - simplified Japanese

That’s the hanzi/kanji for “iron”, the metal. The first is the original, traditional / “original” Chinese version, the one in the middle is the simplified Chinese hanzi, and the one on the right is simplified Japanese kanji.

This is an interesting example. The Chinese simplification altered both sides of the character, whilst the Japanese simplification has left the radical 金 unchanged but simplified the right-hand side.

However, what I think often gets lost in all this is the point that in both simplifications, Chinese and Japanese, it was only ever a minority of characters that got changed. So both Chinese hanzi and Japanese kanji are still largely the same character set as the “original” traditional Chinese.

Meanings often vary between hanzi and kanji

The introduction of Chinese hanzi into Japan was not systematic or done with any speed. It happened over a long period of time, and one result of this is that Japanese kanji often have several extra meanings to their Chinese hanzi counterparts, or have different meanings entirely. This cropped up with the 誠 example above. As a Japanese kanji, it has several more meanings than the Chinese hanzi.

Again though, despite these differences, most of the time the meanings are the same or very similar, leading me to say that hanzi and kanji are generally the same writing system.

There are different writing styles for hanzi and kanji

A final difference to note. Whilst digital versions of hanzi and kanji are the same (e.g. the Unicode 誠 character is the same for either language), they can be written differently by hand. The day-to-day handwriting is, of course, different, just as Latin handwriting varies between European countries. Stroke order can also vary between Chinese and Japanese, even if the end result is the same character.

Starker differences can be found in Chinese and Japanese calligraphy styles, many of which are of course distinct to their native countries. Despite that, there is still a lot of exchange and cross-over between Chinese and Japanese calligraphy, just as you would expect.

Otherwise, hanzi and kanji are almost entirely the same

I’ve listed various differences between hanzi and kanji here, but ultimately I want to emphasize that these character sets are largely the same. There are various versions and differences in style etc., but as writing systems, they are clearly extremely similar. I think the equivalent of spoken language would be two accents for the same language.

A mini-timeline of hanzi and kanji

As you’ve probably noticed, the whole issue of the differences between hanzi and kanji is pretty complicated and can’t be summarised without a fair bit of explanation. Ignoring that complexity, I’ve tried to massively reduce the issues involved and make a streamlined sequence of events for the divergence of hanzi and kanji. This isn’t at all faithful to chronology, it’s just supposed to be a rough list of all the relevant events:

Hanzi develop in China. Kanji does not exist yet. Hanzi are introduced in Japan as Chinese writing. Japanese people adopt hanzi to write their own language: kanji.  Japanese people add to and alter meanings of some kanji. Japanese people invent some kanji of their own. Japanese people generate new scripts loosely based on kanji. Separately, Chinese government simplifies hanzi and Japanese government simplifies kanji.

[jansegers]

Simple English Word List

SIMPLE1540 : a simple English wikipedia word list based on the XML export of all articles related to the nine major groups: Everyday life, Geography, History, Knowledge, Language, Literature, People, Religion, and Science and retaining all word forms appearing 7 times or more in this corpus. The total number of words in this corpus is well over the 100.000 words. a A.D. ability able about above absence abstinence abstract academic academy accent accept access accord account across act action active activity actual actually ad add addition adherent adjective adult advance advice affect after again against age agnostic agnosticism ago agree agreement agriculture air alcohol all allow ally almost alone along alphabet also although always amateur amendment among amount an analysis ancient and angel animal annals anonymous another answer anthropomorphism any anyone anything aphasia appear apple apply approach archaeology architecture area argue argument around arrange art article artificial artist ask aspect associate association astronomy at atheism atheist atomic attack attempt attribute audience author authority available average avoid award away B.C. baby back background backpack bad bah balance band baptism base basic basis battle BCE be bear beautiful beauty because become bed bee before begin behavior behind being belief believe believing belong below best better between beyond bias biblical bibliography big billion biological biology birth bit black blind blood blue body book born both bottom boundary box boy brain branch bring brown buffalo build building bull burn business but by c. ca. calendar call can cancer canon capital caption car carbon card carry case cassette cat category cathedral catholic cause cell center central century cerebral certain change chapel chapter character chemical chemistry child china China choice choir choose chronicle church circumcise circumcision cite citizen city civil civilian civilization claim clan class classical cleanup clear clergy click climate close closer clothes clothing coast coauthor code codex cognitive col cold collection college colonization colony color column com come commentary commission common commonly communicate communication communion communist community companion company compare competition complete complex compose composer computer concept conception concern condition confuse confusion congregational connect connection conquer conquest consciousness consider consistent constitution construct construction contain contemporary content context continent continue contrary control convention conversation conversion convert cook cooking copy core correct could council country course court cover covered create creation credit crime critical criticism crop cross crust cultural culture current currently daily damage dark data date day dead death debt decadence decadent decide declaration decline deconstruction deep define definition deity demonstrate denomination department depth describe description design detail determinism developed development device devil diagnosis dialect dictionary die difference different difficult difficulty diphthong dipstick direct directly dirt disagree disambiguation disbelief discipline discover discovery discussion disease disorder distance distinct distinction distinguish distribution divide divine do doctor doctrine document dog don't door down Dr. dream drink drown druid due during dynasty each earlier early earth easier easily easy eat economic economics economy ed edge edit edition editor education effect eight either electric electricity electronic element elevation else emperor empire encyclopedia end energy engine engineering enlightenment enough enter entertainment environment environmental epic episode equal era error especially establish etc. etymology even event eventually ever every everyday everyone everything evidence evil evolution evolve exact exactly example except exchange exist existence expansion experience experiment expert explain explanation express expression external extinct face fact failure fair faith fall false family famous far fast father feature feel feeling female feudal few fiction field fight figure file find finding fire first fish fit five fix flow folk follow food for force 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inquiry inside instead institute institution instrument instrumentation intellectual intelligence interlinear internal international internet interpretation into introduce introduction invent invention involve iron island issue it IT itself job join journal journalism judge just keep key kill kind king kingdom know knowledge la LA label lack lake lamp land landlocked landscape language large last late later law lead leader leap learn learned least leave legacy legal legend let letter level lexeme library life light lightning like likely limited line linguistic linguistics link liquid list literacy literary literature little liturgy live local location logic logical long longer look lord lore lose lot love low lower mac machine magazine magic magnetic magnum mail main mainly major make male mammal man mankind manuscript many map march March mark market mass material mathematical mathematics matter may May me mean meaning meant measure measurement meat median medical medicine medieval mediterranean medium meet member memory men mental mention mercury message metal method mid middle might migrate migration military millennium million mind minister minute misconception miss model modern modernism modernist moment money monologue monophthong month monument moon moral morality more morning most mostly mother mount mountain mouth move movement much museum music musical musicians must my myth mythology name narrative nation national nationality native natural naturalism naturally nature near nearly necessarily necessary need negative neither neologism network neurogenesis neuron neuroscience never new news newspaper next night nine no non none nor normal normally not note nothing noun novel now nuclear number object objective objectivity observation observe occupation occur ocean octane of off offer office official officially often oil old older on once one online only open opera opposite or oral orbit order org organization organize origin original originally orthography 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system table take talk tam tan task teach teacher teaching technique technology tectonics teeth tell temperature template temple ten term terminology territory tertiary test testament text textual than thank that the their theism them themselves then theology theoretical theory therapy there therefore thesaurus these they thick thing think third this those though thought thousand three through throughout thumb thus ticket tight time title to today together toilet tolerance toleration tongue too tool top topic total towards tower trade tradition traditional train translation transport travel treat treatment tree trench trial tribe tried trig true truth try turn twentieth twenty two type typical typically ultimate ultraviolet under understand understood union unit united universal universe university unknown unsortable until up upon upper urban urbanization usage use useful usually valley value van vandalism various vassal vegetable verb verbal verse version very video view violence virgin visit vitamin vocabulary voice vol. volume vowel vs. wale wall want war warm warmer wash waste water wave way we weak wealth wear weather web website weight well what when where whether which while white who whole whom whose why wide widely wild wilderness will window wisdom wise witch witchcraft with within without witness woman word work worker world worship would write writer writing wrong yam year yellow you young your

China, March and May made this list because china, march and may are on it and I didn't want to decide in favor of the common noun or the proper noun; all other proper nouns have been omitted (even the ten other months that met the criterium of appearing more then 6 times). #SimpleWikipedia #SimpleEnglish #wordlist #English #words #level1540 #Inli #nimi #selo1540

[audiopedia2016]

What is SEPTAGE? What does SEPTAGE mean? SEPTAGE meaning - SEPTAGE pronunciation - SEPTAGE definition - SEPTAGE explanation - How to pronounce SEPTAGE? Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under http://ift.tt/yjiNZw license. Septage or septic tank sludge refers to the partially treated sludge stored in a septic tank or (less commonly) in a pit latrine. It is one type of fecal sludge. Septage is a by-product from the pretreatment of household wastewater in a septic tank where it accumulates over time. Septage is pumped out of a septic tank or onsite sewage facility with a vacuum truck. The septic tanks can be residential or non-residential. Non-residential sources can include wastewater from commercial/industrial development, grease interceptor as well as other sources such as portable toilet, RV, and boat waste. Historically, the term "night soil" was used for fecal sludge and can still be found in some current publications. Another definition of septage is: "A historical term to define sludge removed from septic tanks." The term "historic" is used because it is nowadays often replaced by the term "fecal sludge" (or faecal sludge in British English), even though "fecal sludge" may have a negative connotation associated with it because it contains the word "feces". Septic tank sludge or septage is in fact a specific type of "fecal sludge" - a term nowadays widely used in the context of developing countries. Fecal sludge includes the fecal sludge or septage from septic tanks as well as fecal sludge from pit latrines or from public toilets that are not connected to a sewer. Fecal sludge management is a challenge for many cities in developing countries where a large fraction of the population is using on-site sanitation systems. Fecal sludge needs to be managed safely. Septage is limited to septic tank contents whereas fecal sludge includes contents from other on-site sanitation technologies as well, not only from septic tanks. The term "septic" in septage implies that the sludge has gone through some anaerobic biological degradation and thus is at least partly stabilised. Fecal sludge on the other hand is a wider term and also includes "fresh" sludges from non-sewered public toilets. Septage waste is periodically removed (with a frequency depending on tank capacity, system efficiency, and usage level, but typically less often than annually) from the septic tanks by specialized vehicles known as vacuum truck. They pump the septage out of the tank, and transport it to a treatment facility. Disposing of septage in the United States is becoming an increasing problem as people build homes outside of city sewer systems. Septage waste can be transported to local wastewater treatment plants, used by farmers for fertilizer, or stored in large septage waste storage facilities for later treatment or use on crops. Services for de-sludging tend to empty a septic tank completely, i.e. take out all septage, while the actual requirement is removal of settled solids, and even this purposefully incompletely so as to leave at least some of the microbial populations in place to continue the anaerobic degradation processes that take place in a septic tank.

[howtopronounceenglishcorrectly]

Learn how to pronounce Agrochemical in English --- AGROCHEMICAL Pronunciation of Agrochemical: /,ægroʊ'kemɪkəl/ - [ag·ro·chem·i·cal] noun Definition of Agrochemical: chemical (fungicide or insecticide for example) that improves the production of crops; chemical or product which is extracted from plants ★ http://Learn2Pronounce.com ★ How to pronounce Agrochemical | English pronunciation: https://youtu.be/P0pBkC3-ARI

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Learn how to pronounce Harvesttime in English --- HARVESTTIME Pronunciation of Harvesttime: /ˈhär-vəs(t)-ˌtīm/ noun Definition of Harvesttime: the time during which an annual crop (as wheat) is harvested ★ http://Learn2Pronounce.com ★ How to pronounce Harvesttime | English pronunciation: https://youtu.be/nli5mJ0Tv0E

[notarealdisciple]

Lesson 12: Meet My Family

Summary Anna is feeling homesick. Marsha helps her by listening to her talk about her family.   Speaking In this video, learn to say the new words. Learn to ask a friend to talk about a problem. You can also download the Activity Sheet and practice talking about your family. Pronunciation ​In this video, you ​learn about how Americans pronounce the word "aunt" in different parts of the country. Conversation   Anna: Hello! Washington, D.C. has many beautiful parks. In fact, this park reminds me of my home very far away. Marsha: Anna, here's your coffee. Anna: Thanks, Marsha. Marsha: What's wrong? Anna: I'm thinking about my family. I'm feeling homesick. Marsha: Do you want to talk about it? Anna: Sure! I have some photos. Marsha: Yes. Yes, you do! Anna: Photos really help. Anna: This is my mother and this is my father. They are rodeo clowns. Marsha: What do rodeo clowns do? Anna: They make jokes at a rodeo. They make people laugh. Marsha: That-That';s very different. Marsha: Who is that woman in the picture? Anna: That is my Aunt Lavender. She is my mom's sister. She loves gardening and makes spoons. Marsha: She makes spoons? Anna: Of course. Marsha: That, too, is very different. Anna: Oh! This is my Uncle John. He is my father's brother. Marsha: What does Uncle John do? Anna: He's a chicken farmer. And makes guitars. He's awesome, and I'm his favorite niece. Marsha: Who are they? Anna: They are my cousins. They are my Uncle John's daughter and son. Marsha: What do they do? Anna: They raise sheep and make sweaters. Marsha: Yeah, that's not a surprise. Marsha: Thanks for showing me your family photos. Your family is very different. Anna: I do feel better. Thanks for listening. I have many more photos! Marsha: Yeah. Yeah, you do. Anna: Washington, DC is my new home. But I like remembering my old home, too. Anna's Family Tree This is a family tree. Anna tells Marsha about her parents. Her mother and father are rodeo clowns. Her father's parents are from Italy. These grandparents speak Italian. Anna's mother's parents live in California. These grandparents have a farm and raise horses. Anna's mother's sister is Aunt Lavender. She loves gardening. Anna's father has a brother. His name is John. Uncle John makes guitars. Uncle John has a daughter and a son. They are Anna's cousins. They raise sheep. Anna's brother has two children. They are Anna's niece and nephew.   Writing Are you from a big family or a small family? Write to us to tell us about two people in your family. What do they do? What do they make? Send us an email or write about them in the Comments section. Click on the image below to download the Activity Sheet and practice with a friend.   Learning Strategy Learning Strategies are the thoughts and actions that help make learning easier or more effective. The learning strategy for this lesson is Find Patterns. Learning is easier when you can find and apply patterns. Here is an example. Carlos is learning the names of family members in English. He sees a pattern. Some words change when you talk about the next generation. "Father" changes to "grandfather." When someone is related by marriage, the word "in-law" is used. "Sister" changes to "sister-in-law." Carlos thinks he can use this pattern to help remember the new words in English. How do you find and use patterns in studying English? Write to us in the Comments section or send us an email. Teachers, see the Lesson Plan for more details on teaching this strategy.   Listening Quiz See how well you learned the lesson by taking this listening quiz. Play the short video and choose the best answer. ______________________________________________________________ New Words clown - n. someone who often does funny things to make people laugh different - adj. not ordinary or common; unusual feel - v. used to describe or ask about someone's physical or mental state garden – v. to work in a garden; to take care of the plants in a garden guitar - n. a musical instrument that is held against the front of your body and that has usually six strings which are played with your fingers or with a pick homesick - adj. sad because you are away from your family and home joke - n. something said or done to cause laughter laugh - v. to show that you are happy or that you think something is funny by smiling and making a sound from your throat make - v. to build, create, or produce (something) by work or effort park -  n. piece of public land in or near a city that is kept free of houses and other buildings and can be used for pleasure and exercise photo (photograph) -  n. a picture made by a camera raise -  v. to keep and take care of (animals or crops) remind - v. to cause (someone) to remember something rodeo - n. an event in which people compete at riding horses and bulls, catching animals with ropes, etc. sheep - n. an animal with a thick woolly coat that  is often raised for meat or for its wool and skin spoon - n. an eating or cooking tool that has a small shallow bowl attached to a handle sweater - n. a warm usually knitted piece of clothing for the upper part of your body Family Relationships aunt - n. the sister of your father or mother or the wife of your uncle brother - n. a boy or man who has one or both of the same     parents as you cousin - n. a child of your uncle or aunt daughter - n. a female child family - n. a group of people who are related to each other father - n. a male parent mother - n. a female parent nephew - n. the son of your brother or sister niece - n. a daughter of your brother or sister sister - n. a girl or woman who has one or both of the same parents as you son - n. a male child uncle - n. the brother of your father or mother or the husband of your aunt   ______________________________________________________________ Free Materials   Download the VOA Learning English Word Book for a dictionary of the words we use on this website. Each Let's Learn English lesson has an Activity Sheet for extra practice on your own or in the classroom. In this lesson, you can use it to practice talking about family members.     For Teachers ​ See the Lesson Plan for this lesson for ideas and more teaching resources. Send us an email if you have comments on this course or questions. Grammar focus: Auxiliary do and the verb make Topics: Family members​; family relationships Learning Strategy: Find and Apply Patterns Speaking & Pronunciation Focus: Ask about a problem; varied ways to pronounce "aunt" ______________________________________________________________ Now it's your turn. Send us an email or write to us in the Comments section below or on our Facebook page to let us know what you think of this lesson. Source: https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/lets-learn-english-lesson-12-meet-my-family/3301733.html

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Learn how to pronounce Preparation in English --- PREPARATION Pronunciation of Preparation: /,prepə'reɪʃən/ - [prep·a·ra·tion] (n.) Definition of Preparation: The act of preparing or fitting beforehand for a particular purpose, use, service, or condition; previous arrangement or adaptation; a making ready; as, the preparation of land for a crop of wheat; the preparation of troops for a campaign. ★ http://Learn2Pronounce.com ★ How to pronounce Preparation | English pronunciation: https://youtu.be/5DkL44yf88M

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Learn how to pronounce Naled in English --- NALED Pronunciation of Naled: /ˈnā-ˌled/ noun Definition of Naled: a nonpersistent organophosphate insecticide C4H7Br2Cl2O4P used especially to control crop pests and mosquitoes ★ http://Learn2Pronounce.com ★ How to pronounce Naled | English pronunciation: https://youtu.be/Ld4JGZbxyrU