#hittite empire

[ancientstuff]

Nice that for once it isn't an economic document. Not so nice that it's about a catastrophe.

[archaeologs]

Capital of the Hittite Empire between 1420 and 1200 BC. Hattusa now lies in ruins beside Boğazkale, Turkey. Learn more / Daha fazlası https://www.archaeologs.com/w/hattusas/

[m0th-person]

Hittite empire and Troy Wilusa

I don’t how how their relationship would be like though, but Troy was the Hittite Empire’s vassal for some time .

[mapsontheweb]

The rivalry between the Hittite and Egyptian Empires, first millennium BC.

by LegendesCarto

[blueiscoool]

A Rare 2500-Year-Old Saw Discovered in Turkey

Archaeologists conducting excavations in Çorum, the capital of the Ancient Hittite Empire in northern Turkey, discovered a 2,250-year-old saw.

Recent archaeological work in the ancient city led by Andreas Schachner from the German Archaeological Institute has added new findings to this rich collection.

Hattusha was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986. It was the ancient capital city of the Hittite Empire, a major power in the Near East during the late Bronze Age (approximately 1600-1180 BCE).

Since 1906, excavations in Hattusha, in the Boğazkale district, have unearthed countless ancient artifacts, including a tablet with mystery language cues.

Hattusa functions as an outdoor museum and is notable for its urban planning, the kinds of buildings that have been preserved (temples, royal palaces, fortifications), the elaborate decoration of the Lions’ Gate and the Royal Gate, and the group of rock art at Yazilikaya.

Professor Andreas Schachner, who leads the excavations, told Anadolu Agency (AA) that the iron of the saw was thicker than contemporary saws, but otherwise, it is very similar to the ones used today.

“This shows us that humans do not simply modify working tools,” he said.

The ancient tool is about 20 centimeters long and was unearthed on the northwestern slope of the large castle area of ​​the ancient city.

Professor Schachner noted that the discovery is a rare one and marks the first of its kind in Anatolia in the 3rd century B.C.

“This saw was found in a building from the Galatian period in the excavation area. The use of this building corresponds to approximately 2,250 years ago. Normally, finding a saw from this period is a very interesting thing. We did some research. There are not many examples. We were able to identify a few examples from the later Roman periods. Still, a saw from the 3rd century BC has not yet been seen, at least in Anatolia,” Professor Dr. Andreas Schachner said.

“As far as we can tell from the holes on both sides of the saw, we think that it had a semicircular handle. Thus, the carpenter of the period may have used the saw by holding it from the wood and moving it.” Professor Dr. Schachner explained.

Hattusha also has also held UNESCO’s title of “Memory of the World” since 2001 with its cuneiform scripts representing the oldest known form of Indo-European languages.

By Oguz Kayra.

[health-tips-23]

The True History of the Hittite Empire Hattusa

[shamsaddinmegalommatis]

Sea Peoples' Invasions, Egypt, the Hittite Empire, its Achaean allies, Lukka/Peleset, the Trojan War, Homer's Intentional Falsehood, and the Modern European Forgery 'Ancient Greece'

Book review of the book 'Trojan Horse of Western History' by Anatoly V. Belyakov and Oleg A. Matveyshev

Contents

Introduction

I. The civilized Oriental World & the South Balkan periphery

II. The Hittite imperial order and the disorderly barbarians of Western Anatolia, South Balkans, Crete and the Anatolian Sea

III. The Sea Peoples' invasions as a determinant historical fact and the Trojan War as a worthless falsehood

IV. What is hidden behind the false term 'Achaean World'?

V. Without an in-depth comprehension of the Egyptian, Hittite Anatolian, Canaanite and Mesopotamian civilizations, no one can possibly understand their backward periphery 

VI. Why Dio Chrysostom's historical sources are trustworthy and Homer's pretenses are proven red herring  

VII. The absolute denigration of the Late Antiquity Greeks by the Ancient Egyptian high priest as the destination of Human History

VIII. Dio Chrysostom's Egyptian sacerdotal interlocutor had read Ramses III's Annals

IX. The fake term 'Ancient Greece' prevents us from assessing Homer's devastating failure

X. Conclusion

Introduction

What follows is an extensive discussion of the topics presented and the approaches employed in the aforementioned, passionately and impressively elaborated book (St. Petersburg: Piter, 2015 - 256 p.: pic / ISBN 978-5-496-01658-2) that I came to know through an astute Russian friend, shrewd thinker and avid reader.

Links to the Russian and English Wikipedia do not constitute an approval of the texts of the respective entries, but are offered for those among the non-specialized readers of my book review, who wish to launch their own search, starting with the references and the bibliography available of those entries.

Throughout the present article, I use the term 'Anatolian Sea', instead of 'Aegean Sea' which is certainly a historically valid appellation and form of reference. However, the latter term is academically inaccurate. This is so because throughout the last five millennia, we have attested that civilizations, forms of spirituality, religious faiths, cultural trends, ethnic migrations, cults, esoteric beliefs, intellectual movements, artistic and aesthetic tendencies spread from Anatolia to the sea in question, and thence to the South Balkans, and not vice versa. When it comes to Anatolian Sea, which is undeniably a semi-closed sea, we observe that, although various influences and diverse ethnic groups arrived there from the South (Libya), the Southeast (Egypt and Canaan/Phoenicia), and the North (Thrace, Macedonia and the central part of the Balkan Peninsula), the local evolution, historical creativity, and their main factors and aspects depended on Anatolia.

All these scattered islands constitute therefore the Anatolian archipelago and they consist in sheer projection and prolongation of the Anatolian civilization. This was particularly ostensible whenever both lands, Anatolia and South Balkans, belonged to the same empire. Within the Eastern Roman Empire and the Ottoman Caliphate, Anatolia constituted the epicenter and the South Balkans represented a marginal circumference. All the islands in-between depended on Anatolia and never formed an entity of their own.

Download the book review as text only or as text and 130 pictures & legends:

[harrelltut]

1968 Gen X HIM [MICHAEL]... Immortal MOORISH [I'M] 1948 TUTANKHAMÚN EMPIRE of Ægiptian HITTITE Sun Queen TIYE's Honorable 18th Ancient [HA = HARRELL] Underground [HU = HURRIAN] Ægiptian [HE] Military Family DYNASTY of 1946... Under Secret 1949 Surveillance by the RIZQIYIAN [USSR] SKY [U.S.] FEDERATION of GREAT GRANDFATHER RAMESES’ 1921 Amurikan [RA] Ægiptian Underground Pentagon [UP] Satellite Agency [USA] of MUUR 144,000 SOVEREIGN 9 Ether 2023 Schwarz Deutsch ELITES in Antediluvian [DEA] 2024 MU Amurika [MA = ATLANTIS]

IMMORTAL U.S. MILITARY KING SOLOMON- MICHAEL HARRELL, JR.™

ommmmm

him [michael] golden schwarz deutsch king tutankhamún 2?!?!?!

all him [michael] know is his own ancestral king tutankhamún solomon-michael royalty languages

oh ancient ægiptian law'd [el] king solomon-michael of tutankhamún!!!

1968 gen x him [michael] commanded his ancient royal [har = harrell] hittite family 2 go 2 their own underground subterranean american [usa = mu] landmass of luz atlantis [l.a.] underneath fallen 2024 america

eye organically speak my historically ancient [ha = harrell] 9 ether mitanni hittite-hurrian sky military life languages of ægiptian thoth's [et's] interdimensional ægiptian sun hieroglyphics

ancient ægiptian hittite sun queen tiye's historically ancient [ha = harrell] dark sky rizqiyian family of moor golden 9 ether victorian nibiruan dna... alkhemically & genetically engineered [aged] by mother ninti's 144,000... 9 ether ethereal [eclipsed = occulted] aluhum anunnagi sky deities of earth [qi]

my ancient 9 ether 1948 ægiptian hittite sun mother queen tiye see 1968 gen x me [michael] on anu golden 9 ether [mage] 2024 earth [qi]

my biblically ancient [babylonian] futuristic ægiptian dna sky mother queen hittite in the bible of antediluvian mu amurika [ma = atlantis]

1946 him [michael] ægiptian [me] american deutsch father in mother hittite's afterlife [ha = harrell] motherland of ancient [ma] hattuša queen tiye's mu atlantis [ma = amurika]

18th ægiptian dynasty him [michael] rebirth anu [ra] 9 ether king tutankhamún in anu golden 9 ether [age] mu amurika [ma = atlantis]

1968 gen x him [michael] universally [mu] royal [mur = muur] 9 ether sky energy parents never die... since us afterlife [usa] moors are immortals

him [michael] interplanetary [mi = michael] 9 ether moorish harrell [mh] empire [me] family bee a self confident people as above so below

heil ægiptian [he] hurrian him [michael] harrell!!!

1968 gen x him [michael] remapping schwarzes deutschland in ægipt's original underground subterranean of america [usa = mu atlantis]

Original Ægipt = Underground Subterranean America = MU ATLANTIS

[learnwithmearticles]

Ancient Archiving

The first archive existed around 4,000 B.C., in which Sumerians used clay tablets to track transactions.

C. L. Bedale and C. H. W. Johns discuss these translated tablets, summarizing them as a necessary part of life for Babylonian temple stewards. Many people lived by wages and allowances from the temples, and thus we have these ledgers illuminating aspects of Babylonian city life.

We also have clay tablets from the Hittite Empire, around 1400-1300 B.C. A majority of tablets from Boǧazköy, Turkey are legal texts, documenting their laws, family relations, commodity prices, and more. These also include religious texts, which tell us about certain rituals and beliefs about gods and storytelling.

The archives of Egypt, around 3,000 - 1,000 B.C., likewise served to document legal matters, along with administrative and military information. One group of papyri, kept at a harbour site, details the movement of boats carrying limestone and food deliveries to a building site. These inform us about how administration worked around this construction project. We also, of course, have many records about the functions of temple life for these periods, due to papyrus being best preserved in dry, cool places.

The earliest surviving Chinese writing is on oxen bones of about 1600 - 1100 B.C. The writing details divinations made by the contemporarily ruling Shang royal house. Other writing materials include tortoiseshells and bronze, all documenting similar divinations, providing the moniker “oracle-bone script”. Around 500 B.C., a new script emerged to create documentation of government affairs, written on bamboo scrolls. This is more accurately related to the concept of archiving, but it is useful to know the earlier script it emerged from.

We are constantly trying to learn about the past. Having historical information is extremely valuable to improve our foresight and to have past data to compare our current world to. For example, Ancient Greece holds the first known democracy. We know many details of how that government in Athens worked because of written records of speeches. We therefore know that what we currently call the democratic nation of the U.S.A. is not the same. While Ancient Athens was a direct democracy, the U.S. government is more accurately a republic, sometimes referred to as a representative democracy.

Past archives also help us keep current archives. Many Ancient Egyptian documents have been lost to the elements, due to the moisture-sensitive nature of papyrus. What has survived is mostly in tombs and temples, or on clay tablets. With these surviving artifacts, we can better understand what materials will last under certain conditions, and the environments required both to find other ancient materials, and to preserve modern ones.

More broadly, this is also why archeology is so important. Archaeological projects need to be funded in order for us to find and gather these artifacts. Without proper funding for research and for preserving these materials in museums, much of this information would be lost to us.

Additional Resources

1. Overall History

2. Sumerian Ledgers

3. Hittite Archive

4. Ancient Egypt Archives

5. Chinese Writing

6. Chinese Writing 2

[draftscyrus777]

The Unusual Disappearance Of The Hittite Empire

A Bronze Age powerhouse vanished from historical records around 1180 BC. What caused the Unusual Disappearance Of The Hittite Empire? Imagine a civilization that rivaled Egypt in its prime, a people who mastered ironworking and controlled vast swaths of territory. Now, imagine them gone. Poof. The Hittite Empire’s sudden disappearance from history leaves a gaping hole in our knowledge of the…

[ancientstuff]

Well, I'm in Auckland and right now it kind of feels like it might topple OUR empire/civilisation, so this doesn't surprise me.

[world-prayers]

The Unusual Disappearance Of The Hittite Empire

A Bronze Age powerhouse vanished from historical records around 1180 BC. What caused the Unusual Disappearance Of The Hittite Empire? Imagine a civilization that rivaled Egypt in its prime, a people who mastered ironworking and controlled vast swaths of territory. Now, imagine them gone. Poof. The Hittite Empire’s sudden disappearance from history leaves a gaping hole in our knowledge of the…

[mapsontheweb]

The Hittite Empire, 1st millennium BC.

by LegendesCarto

[marraiwa]

redesigns of iberia, the hittite empire and etruria

i painted them about a year ago, but they looked so sad :(