#Missing Pieces: The Hittite Empire

[draftscyrus777]

The Unusual Disappearance Of The Hittite Empire

A Bronze Age powerhouse vanished from historical records around 1180 BC. What caused the Unusual Disappearance Of The Hittite Empire? Imagine a civilization that rivaled Egypt in its prime, a people who mastered ironworking and controlled vast swaths of territory. Now, imagine them gone. Poof. The Hittite Empire’s sudden disappearance from history leaves a gaping hole in our knowledge of the…

[world-prayers]

The Unusual Disappearance Of The Hittite Empire

A Bronze Age powerhouse vanished from historical records around 1180 BC. What caused the Unusual Disappearance Of The Hittite Empire? Imagine a civilization that rivaled Egypt in its prime, a people who mastered ironworking and controlled vast swaths of territory. Now, imagine them gone. Poof. The Hittite Empire’s sudden disappearance from history leaves a gaping hole in our knowledge of the…

[blueiscoool]

Farmer Discovers A Rare Hittite-Era Bracelet in Turkey

A man plowing his farm in Turkey’s central Çorum province discovered a rare 3,300-year-old ancient bracelet from the Hittite era.

The farmer, who lives in the Çitli village of Mecitözü district, found the bracelet while he was working on the farm and brought the ancient treasure to the Çorum Museum.

Experts found out that the artifact is from the ancient Hittite civilization and carried out restoration work. They then recorded it in the museum’s inventory and put it in the collection.

The beautiful bracelet is made out of bronze, nickel, silver and gold and is adorned with depictions of Hittite symbols, including imagery of the Itar/Auka and his servants Ninatta and Kulitta.

Resul Ibiş, an archaeologist at the museum, told Ihlas News Agency (IHA) that the bracelet has been put on display for visitors.

“After initial evaluations, we realized that this piece is unprecedented and we’ve never seen anything like this before,” he said, adding that it is from the 13th century B.C.

Ibiş also noted that the bracelet was deformed when it was brought to the museum and some of its pieces were missing, but they restored it.

The archaeologist also noted that there are very few pieces of Hittite-era jewelry and this piece sheds light on the jewelry styles of the civilization.

Çorum is home to the ancient Hittite city of Hattusa, one of the most significant tourist destinations in Turkey. It serves as an open-air museum with 6-kilometer-long (nearly 4-mile-long) city walls, monumental city gates, a 71-meter-long (78-yard-long) underground passage, the Hittites palace in Büyükkale, 31 unearthed temples and ancient wheat silos. It was added to UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1986 due to its well-protected architectural structures and excavation site. It also has also held UNESCO’s title of "Memory of the World" since 2001 with its cuneiform scripts representing the oldest known form of Indo-European languages.

Hattusa served as the capital of the Hittite Empire, which was one of the civilizations that played an important role in the development of urban life, in the late Bronze Age. The capital was the first national excavation site in Turkey.

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Turkey Attractions - 8 Days Turkey Tour

Turkey Attractions Tour - 8 Days includes all airport transfers, flights, 7 nights accommodation, fully guided tours in Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya, Pamukkale and Ephesus, all museum entrance fees, breakfast and lunch. Come visit one of the oldest cities in the world, Istanbul. See the famous sites in the Old City such as, the Hagia Sofia, the Blue Mosque, Topkapi Palace, and the Grand Bazaar. Take a relaxing cruise on the Bosphorus. Gaze at the shops as you stroll down Istiklal street or take a ride on the historic trolley. Experience all of the must sees of Cappadocia. Watch the sunrise from a hot air balloon as you float above the fairy chimneys that dot the landscape. Stay in one of the charming cave hotels built into the volcanic rocks of Göreme. Tour the famous sites of the region such as the underground city of Derinkuyu, Uçhisar Castle, Göreme Open Air Museum, Selime Monastery and the Ihlara Valley. Tour the ancient ruins of Perge and Aspendos. Marvel at the biggest waterfall in the Antalya region. Walk through the famous white travertines of Pamukkale heated by thermal waters. Retain your youth after a swim in Cleopatra's Pool. Discover what remains of one of the 7 ancient wonders of the world, the Temple of Artemis. Take a fully guided tour of the ruins of Ephesus. See the last dwelling place and tomb of the Virgin Mary. Have an adventure you'll never forget on your Best Cities Turkey Tour!

 About Antalya, Istanbul, Ephesus, Cappadocia, Pamukkale - Your Turkey Tour Destination

Turkey Attractions - Antalya: Antalya was founded by the Pergamum empire in the 2nd century BCE. It's primary function was as a seaport. The city was bequeathed to the Romans by the last king of Pergamum, Attalus III. In the middle ages, the city was an important hub for crusaders continuing on to Palestine. The city was captured by the Selcuk Turks in 1207 and then occupied by the Ottoman Sultan in 1391. However, the city wasn't incorporated into the Ottoman Empire until the 15th century because they were busy dealing with the invasion of Timur. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the first world war, the Allies divided the empire between Italy, France and the United Kingdom. Italy claimed Antalya and Italian troops remained there until 1921 when they were driven out by Turkish nationalist forces. The city has a subtropical climate and its beaches are a big tourist destination.  Due to the color of the water, the area is sometimes referred to as the Turquoise Coast. Antalya is the site of the famous Blue Cruises or Gulet Tours. The boats will take you around the coast over the course of 3 nights and 4 days. Tourists are able to swim and see caves and other sites only seen from the water. Antalya is known as the "capital" of the Mediterranean and it certainly lives up to its name. The area has some of the best beaches in the country in addition to a thriving nightlife. Konyaalti beach and Lara beach are the two main beaches of Antalya, both long and luxurious. With beach chairs and bars readily available, you're sure to never want for anything. The nightlife in Antalya is growing every year and quickly becoming a contender against Europe's other party cities. Night clubs and bars line the streets in the city center as well as the surrounding areas of Kemer and Kas. Your toughest decision will be which one to pick.

Turkey Attractions - Cappadocia: Cappadocia is a region in central Turkey and gaining more popularity every year. During the Tertiary period, about 50 million years ago, volcanic material covered the landscape and erosion over the years created the unique pieces of landscape that are now known as fairy chimneys. The Hittites were some of the first settlers of the region and they discovered that the volcanic rock that covered the terrain was easy to carve. It is believed that they built the underground cities that still exist there today. The most famous is called Derinkuyu and it is 18 levels deep, although tourists are only allowed to visit the first 8 levels. The Hittites controlled the region from 2500 - 2000 BCE until the Assyrians took it over. Through the years, the area was ruled by a few different settlements including, the Phrygians, Lydians and Persians, before coming under Roman rule around 17 AD. The region was converted to Christianity and a monastic community spread through the region. The monks built their monasteries into the large volcanic rock formations. Goreme, as the main city of Cappadocia is known, boasts many geological must sees. From the underground cities, to the rock monasteries to the natural valleys and rock formations, it's a geological wonderland. By far, the best way to see it is at dawn from a hot air balloon. The hot air balloons of Cappadocia have become quite famous and they are something that is not to be missed. The balloons take off before dawn and the view of the sunrise from the balloon is stunning. Even from the ground, the sight of the balloons in the air is breathtaking and its worth it to get up early and take a look. When people see Cappadocia, they often think that the land is dry and barren, but in fact it is the opposite. Due to the volcanic ash, the terrain is quite fertile and a popular spot for vineyards. Wineries have been in operation since the Hittite period as well as pottery made from the clay of the Kizilirmak River. Cappadocia, translated from the original Hittite means the land of the beautiful horses. Still to this day, horse back is an excellent way to see the area. A particularly great tour is that of the Rose Valley on horse back at sunset. The easiest way to see the most popular sites of Cappadocia are by taking the fully guided North and South tours. Each is a full day tour and between the two, you won't miss a thing. The North Tour is a convenient way to see Uçhisar Castle, Göreme Open Air Museum, the fairy chimneys, Avanos and Çavusin. While the South Tour covers the Derinkuyu (the underground city), Selime Monastery, Pigeon Valley and the Ihlara Valley. A stay in Cappadocia would be incomplete if you didn't spend the night in one of the enchanting cave hotels. Carved into the famous volcanic rock formations around Göreme, these hotels are a once in a lifetime experience. It's also very easy to see the balloons in the morning from these hotels. There are many to choose from and one is just as charming as the next!

Turkey Attractions - Istanbul: The city is one of the oldest in the world and dates back to 667 BCE. The city has been ruled by many different empires, has had a few different names and has seen times of prosperity and destruction. The city itself is a museum of treasures waiting to be discovered. Historical gems are scattered through out and there is certainly something to interest everyone. The most famous sites of Istanbul are found in the Old City, also known as Sultanahmet. Here, within walking distance of each other, you will find the Hagia Sofia, the Blue Mosque, the Hippodrome, the Basilica Cistern and The Grand Bazaar. The Hagia Sofia is one of the oldest standing basilicas in the world. It was built in 537 and still contains some of the original mosaics. The Blue Mosque is known for its six minarets, which when it was built was unheard of. Most mosques built by sultans only had four minarets. It is called the Blue Mosque because of the blue colored tiles that line the walls inside. The Hippodrome runs parallel to the Blue Mosque and contains historic relics acquired through out the centuries. The Basilica Cistern was built by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian. It was a way for the city to store water for the residents, which was especially helpful if the city was ever attacked. The cistern is underground and can hold up to 100,000 tons of water. The Grand Bazaar is one of the most famous bazaars in the world. Built in 1461, it covers 60 blocks of Istanbul and boasts over 3,600 shops. Across the river on the other European part, you will find the Galata Tower and Istiklal street. These are both a must see when visiting Istanbul. The city has seen many Galata Towers through its history that have been destroyed by war, natural disaster or fire. But the city has always rebuilt it due to its necessity against foreign invaders. To keep foreign war ships from gaining access to the Golden Horn, the residents would stretch a chain across the water. One side connected to the Galata tower and one on the old city side. It’s always been a very useful defense mechanism. Istiklal street is one of the busiest shopping streets in Istanbul. Istiklal translated from Turkish means independence. The street was originally named the Rue de Pera, but was renamed after Turkey became a republic in the 1920’s. There are many boutiques, restaurants and bars on Istiklal, which meet Taksim Square at its northern point. Taksim Square is the center of the modern city and is always full of people. Of course, no trip to Istanbul would be complete with out a cruise on the Bosphorus. It’s a great, relaxing way to see the city. There are many different types of Bosphorus tours, long and short. Some stop at a few destinations and some only cruise up and down. Whatever your preference, it’s available. You should spend about 3 days in Istanbul, in order to see all of the main sites. There are many hotels, restaurants, sites and shopping experiences. There’s no doubt that you will always find something to do.

Ephesus: Ephesus is one of Turkey's many ancient cities. However, there are a few things that make it a bit more notable than some of the other ancient cities. In the 7th century BCE, the Lydians ruled the city of Ephesus. Their king, Croesus, built a Temple to the Greek Godess Artemis. However, in 356 BCE, a man named Herostratus burned down the temple because he wanted to be famous for destroying something so beautiful. The Ephesians rebuilt the temple 4 times bigger and it became one of the 7 Wonders of the World. In 129 BCE Ephesus came under Roman rule and became quite a prosperous city. At one point it was so large that it was second only to Rome. As Christianity spread, it is said that Saint John and Saint Paul visited the city and rebuked Artemis and the Roman Gods. They converted many to Christianity. It is said that Mary, Jesus's mother, lived the rest of her days in Ephesus with Saint Paul. Her tomb can be visited along with that of Saint Paul. In 262 AD, the Goths destroyed the city and the Temple of Artemis with it. The temple was never rebuilt and pieces of it can be found in the British Museum. As Christianity became the official religion of the region, everything relating to Artemis was destroyed. Emperor Constantine declared Constantinople, or modern day Istanbul, his capital of the Eastern region and Ephesus descended into ruin. The Ottomans took control of Ephesus in the 15th century, but the city was in such a state of decay, that it was abandoned. In 1863, British engineer John Turtle Wood began searching for the remains of Ephesus. Six years later he found it and began excavations. Near Ephesus is the town of Selçuk and it's definitely worth a visit. After Ephesus, the top attractions in Selçuk are Saint John's Basilica where it is rumored that Saint John is buried. Near the basilica is the Isa Bey Mosque. The exterior is beautiful and it is always open to visitors, except at prayer time. There are also some great beaches to visit in the area. Pamucak, Kusadasi and Alaçati are close and quite lovely. Windsurfing and other water sports are available in Alaçati. For wine lovers, take a trip up into the hills outside of Selçuk to a town called Sirince. Spend the day tasting the homemade wine of the region and shopping for souvenirs made by the locals. Pamukkale: Pamukkale is mostly known for the white travertines that formed along the side of the hill. Pamukkale translates to Cotton Castle in Turkish and gets its name because from afar it does indeed resemble a fluffy white castle. However, the city has more to offer besides the travertines. It is also the home of the ancient city called Hierapolis, which was built on top of thermal hot springs. The hot springs are the reason for the travertines. When the water from the hot springs flows down the hill, it loses carbon monoxide and leaves behind limestone deposits. Over time, the deposits built up in a step like fashion. The earliest records of the city of Hierapolis date back to 197 BCE and it is said that the city was founded by the king of Pergamum, Eumenes II. The people believed that the hot springs contained healing powers and people traveled to the city to bathe in the water and cure their various ailments. Hierapolis was conquered by the Romans in 133 BCE and destroyed by an earthquake in 60 AD. However, the city was rebuilt and prospered in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. The city began to decline in the 6th century and became partly covered in water. Excavations began to uncover the city in the 19th century. There is speculation that Cleopatra once travelled to Hierapolis to bath in the healing waters and make herself look younger. Due to this story, one of the pools on the site is named after her and you too can swim in the pool and retain your youth. The town of Pamukkale at the base of the travetines is a small but friendly town. There are a few different hotels and restaurants to choose from if you wish to spend the night here. Like Cappadocia, Pamukkale has also started offering hot air balloon rides over the travertines at sunrise. This is less known and the balloons in Pamukkale are always available as opposed to Cappadocia. Another fun activity that is offered in Pamukkale is paragliding. There are a few different companies to choose from. But they all fly you over Hierapolis and the travertines. It's a great view and a great time! 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[toursflame]

Best Turkey Tour - 10 Days In Turkey

Best Turkey Tour - 10 Days In Turkey includes all airport transfers, flights, 9 nights accommodation, fully guided tours in Istanbul, Cappadocia, Pamukkale, Ephesus, Gallipoli, Troy and Pergamon, all museum entrance fees, breakfast and lunch. Come visit for 10 Days Turkey Tour & See the famous sites in the Old City such as, the Hagia Sofia, the Blue Mosque, Topkapi Palace, and the Grand Bazaar. Take a relaxing cruise on the Bosphorus. Gaze at the shops as you stroll down Istiklal street or take a ride on the historic trolley. Experience all of the must sees of Cappadocia. Watch the sunrise from a hot air balloon as you float above the fairy chimneys that dot the landscape. Stay in one of the charming cave hotels built into the volcanic rocks of Göreme. Tour the famous sites of the region such as the underground city of Derinkuyu, Uçhisar Castle, Göreme Open Air Museum, Selime Monastery and the Ihlara Valley. Learn how the ANZAC and Ottoman forces laid down their lives during WWI. Tour the battlefields and memorials of Gallipoli. Marvel at the ancient ruins of Troy and Pergamon. Climb inside a replica of the Trojan horse. Walk through the famous white travertines of Pamukkale heated by thermal waters. Retain your youth after a swim in Cleopatra's Pool. Discover what remains of one of the 7 ancient wonders of the world, the Temple of Artemis. Take a fully guided tour of the ruins of Ephesus. See the last dwelling place and tomb of the Virgin Mary. Have an adventure you'll never forget with Multi City Turkey Tour.

About your Turkey Tour Cappadocia, Ephesus, Gallipoli, Istanbul, Pamukkale, Pergamon, Troy

Istanbul: The city is one of the oldest in the world and dates back to 667 BCE. The city has been ruled by many different empires, has had a few different names and has seen times of prosperity and destruction. The city itself is a museum of treasures waiting to be discovered. Historical gems are scattered through out and there is certainly something to interest everyone. The most famous sites of Istanbul are found in the Old City, also known as Sultanahmet. Here, within walking distance of each other, you will find the Hagia Sofia, the Blue Mosque, the Hippodrome, the Basilica Cistern and The Grand Bazaar. The Hagia Sofia is one of the oldest standing basilicas in the world. It was built in 537 and still contains some of the original mosaics. The Blue Mosque is known for its six minarets, which when it was built was unheard of. Most mosques built by sultans only had four minarets. It is called the Blue Mosque because of the blue colored tiles that line the walls inside. The Hippodrome runs parallel to the Blue Mosque and contains historic relics acquired through out the centuries. The Basilica Cistern was built by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian. It was a way for the city to store water for the residents, which was especially helpful if the city was ever attacked. The cistern is underground and can hold up to 100,000 tons of water. The Grand Bazaar is one of the most famous bazaars in the world. Built in 1461, it covers 60 blocks of Istanbul and boasts over 3,600 shops. Across the river on the other European part, you will find the Galata Tower and Istiklal street. These are both a must see when visiting Istanbul. The city has seen many Galata Towers through its history that have been destroyed by war, natural disaster or fire. But the city has always rebuilt it due to its necessity against foreign invaders. To keep foreign war ships from gaining access to the Golden Horn, the residents would stretch a chain across the water. One side connected to the Galata tower and one on the old city side. It’s always been a very useful defense mechanism. Istiklal street is one of the busiest shopping streets in Istanbul. Istiklal translated from Turkish means independence. The street was originally named the Rue de Pera, but was renamed after Turkey became a republic in the 1920’s. There are many boutiques, restaurants and bars on Istiklal, which meet Taksim Square at its northern point. Taksim Square is the center of the modern city and is always full of people. Of course, no trip to Istanbul would be complete with out a cruise on the Bosphorus. It’s a great, relaxing way to see the city. There are many different types of Bosphorus tours, long and short. Some stop at a few destinations and some only cruise up and down. Whatever your preference, it’s available. You should spend about 3 days in Istanbul on your Multi City Turkey Tour, in order to see all of the main sites. There are many hotels, restaurants, sites and shopping experiences. There’s no doubt that you will always find something to do.

Cappadocia: Cappadocia is a region in central Turkey and gaining more popularity every year. During the Tertiary period, about 50 million years ago, volcanic material covered the landscape and erosion over the years created the unique pieces of landscape that are now known as fairy chimneys. The Hittites were some of the first settlers of the region and they discovered that the volcanic rock that covered the terrain was easy to carve. It is believed that they built the underground cities that still exist there today. The most famous is called Derinkuyu and it is 18 levels deep, although tourists are only allowed to visit the first 8 levels. The Hittites controlled the region from 2500 - 2000 BCE until the Assyrians took it over. Through the years, the area was ruled by a few different settlements including, the Phrygians, Lydians and Persians, before coming under Roman rule around 17 AD. The region was converted to Christianity and a monastic community spread through the region. The monks built their monasteries into the large volcanic rock formations. Goreme, as the main city of Cappadocia is known, boasts many geological must sees. From the underground cities, to the rock monasteries to the natural valleys and rock formations, it's a geological wonderland.  By far, the best way to see it is at dawn from a hot air balloon. The hot air balloons of Cappadocia have become quite famous and they are something that is not to be missed. The balloons take off before dawn and the view of the sunrise from the balloon is stunning. Even from the ground, the sight of the balloons in the air is breathtaking and its worth it to get up early and take a look. When people see Cappadocia, they often think that the land is dry and barren, but in fact it is the opposite. Due to the volcanic ash, the terrain is quite fertile and a popular spot for vineyards. Wineries have been in operation since the Hittite period as well as pottery made from the clay of the Kizilirmak River. Cappadocia, translated from the original Hittite means the land of the beautiful horses. Still to this day, horse back is an excellent way to see the area. A particularly great tour is that of the Rose Valley on horse back at sunset. The easiest way to see the most popular sites of Cappadocia are by taking the fully guided North and South tours. Each is a full day tour and between the two, you won't miss a thing. The North Tour is a convenient way to see Uçhisar Castle, Göreme Open Air Museum, the fairy chimneys, Avanos and Çavusin. While the South Tour covers the Derinkuyu (the underground city), Selime Monastery, Pigeon Valley and the Ihlara Valley. A stay in Cappadocia would be incomplete if you didn't spend the night in one of the enchanting cave hotels. Carved into the famous volcanic rock formations around Göreme, these hotels are a once in a lifetime experience. It's also very easy to see the balloons in the morning from these hotels. There are many to choose from and one is just as charming as the next!

Ephesus: Ephesus is one of Turkey's many ancient cities. However, there are a few things that make it a bit more notable than some of the other ancient cities. In the 7th century BCE, the Lydians ruled the city of Ephesus. Their king, Croesus, built a Temple to the Greek Godess Artemis. However, in 356 BCE, a man named Herostratus burned down the temple because he wanted to be famous for destroying something so beautiful. The Ephesians rebuilt the temple 4 times bigger and it became one of the 7 Wonders of the World. In 129 BCE Ephesus came under Roman rule and became quite a prosperous city. At one point it was so large that it was second only to Rome. As Christianity spread, it is said that Saint John and Saint Paul visited the city and rebuked Artemis and the Roman Gods. They converted many to Christianity. It is said that Mary, Jesus's mother, lived the rest of her days in Ephesus with Saint Paul. Her tomb can be visited along with that of Saint Paul. In 262 AD, the Goths destroyed the city and the Temple of Artemis with it. The temple was never rebuilt and pieces of it can be found in the British Museum. As Christianity became the official religion of the region, everything relating to Artemis was destroyed. Emperor Constantine declared Constantinople, or modern day Istanbul, his capital of the Eastern region and Ephesus descended into ruin. The Ottomans took control of Ephesus in the 15th century, but the city was in such a state of decay, that it was abandoned. In 1863, British engineer John Turtle Wood began searching for the remains of Ephesus. Six years later he found it and began excavations. Near Ephesus is the town of Selçuk and it's definitely worth a visit. After Ephesus, the top attractions in Selçuk are Saint John's Basilica where it is rumored that Saint John is buried. Near the basilica is the Isa Bey Mosque. The exterior is beautiful and it is always open to visitors, except at prayer time. There are also some great beaches to visit in the area. Pamucak, Kusadasi and Alaçati are close and quite lovely. Windsurfing and other water sports are available in Alaçati. For wine lovers, take a trip up into the hills outside of Selçuk to a town called Sirince. Spend the day tasting the homemade wine of the region and shopping for souvenirs made by the locals.

Pamukkale: Pamukkale is mostly known for the white travertines that formed along the side of the hill. Pamukkale translates to Cotton Castle in Turkish and gets its name because from afar it does indeed resemble a fluffy white castle. However, the city has more to offer besides the travertines. It is also the home of the ancient city called Hierapolis, which was built on top of thermal hot springs. The hot springs are the reason for the travertines. When the water from the hot springs flows down the hill, it loses carbon monoxide and leaves behind limestone deposits. Over time, the deposits built up in a step like fashion. The earliest records of the city of Hierapolis date back to 197 BCE and it is said that the city was founded by the king of Pergamum, Eumenes II. The people believed that the hot springs contained healing powers and people traveled to the city to bathe in the water and cure their various ailments. Hierapolis was conquered by the Romans in 133 BCE and destroyed by an earthquake in 60 AD. However, the city was rebuilt and prospered in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. The city began to decline in the 6th century and became partly covered in water. Excavations began to uncover the city in the 19th century. There is speculation that Cleopatra once travelled to Hierapolis to bath in the healing waters and make herself look younger. Due to this story, one of the pools on the site is named after her and you too can swim in the pool and retain your youth. The town of Pamukkale at the base of the travetines is a small but friendly town. There are a few different hotels and restaurants to choose from if you wish to spend the night here. Like Cappadocia, Pamukkale has also started offering hot air balloon rides over the travertines at sunrise. This is less known and the balloons in Pamukkale are always available as opposed to Cappadocia. Another fun activity that is offered in Pamukkale is paragliding. There are a few different companies to choose from. But they all fly you over Hierapolis and the travertines. It's a great view and a great time!   Gallipoli: The Gallipoli peninsula is best known for its part in WWI. The allied forces (Britain and France) attacked Gallipoli on the 25th of April, 1915. Their goal was to gain control of the Dardanelle straight, which would give them access to their allies in Russia. However, at the time, Gallipoli was controlled by the Ottoman Empire, who was fighting on the same side as Germany. After 8 months of trench warfare, the allies admitted defeat and evacuated. Both sides suffered major casualties. Today, the Gallipoli battlefields are a natural historic park, made up of grave yards and monuments to both sides. The tour takes you all around the peninsula to the different battlefields and talks about the strategies and outcomes of the war. The guide is very knowledgeable and always welcoming of questions. The closest town which has the most to offer accommodation and restaurant wise is Çanakkale. It's a charming little village on the other side of the Dardanelles. Desite being on the opposite side of the straight, it is still very close to all of the sites and is the perfect place to stay.  

Troy:

The city of Troy dates back to 3,000 B.C. Troy was destroyed and rebuilt several times and remains from the different cities have been found in the archeological digs of the area. Evidence on 10 different cities has been found. At one point, experts didn't believe the city of Troy actually existed and that it was merely a fictional city from Homer's The Iliad. However, in 1863 a British archeologist found the remains of a city in an area of Turkey called Hisarlık and was sure that it was Troy. The city has been thoroughly excavated since then, however, experts still aren't convinced that this was in fact Troy. Nowadays, the ruins are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular tourist destination. There is a replica of the Trojan Horse and a museum housing the artifacts is being built. Whether or now the city truly is Troy, the ruins and the history are beautiful to behold.  

Pergamon:

Pergamon is an ancient city located on the Aegean Sea. It was founded during the Hellenistic period. After Alexander the great, Pergamon was controlled by a Macedonian general, until the city swore allegiance to the Seleucid Empire. The city grew in to a small kingdom and eventually the ruler Attalus declared himself the king and started the Attalid dynasty. Following Attalus was Eumenes II who became an ally of Rome. When the Romans expelled the Seleucids from the Anatolia region, the Romans gave the territory to Eumenes II to rule over. His fellow Greeks shunned him as a traitor for allying himself with Rome. However, his new territory elevated his holdings into a significant kingdom. Eumenes II decided to turn Pergamon into a cultural capital. He grew Pergamon's library so that it was second only to Alexandria's. As a result of this, the Greek ruler of Egypt became jealous and forbade the export of papyrus. So, Pergamon began producing parchment on a massive scale, which turned out to be more durable than papyrus. During the 3rd century, the city fell into decline which was worsened by an earthquake. Followed by an attack on the city by the Goths. With the rise of Christianity, the city and its pagan temples were left to rot.   Today, you can tour the ancient ruins of the city, including the library. Archeologists estimate that what remains of the reading room would hold up to 20,000 books and that that was only 10 percent of the whole library. Perhaps the most impressive surviving relics of Pergamon and of ancient history in general is the Great Altar. Unfortunately in resides in a museum in Berlin.     People Also Search: Best Turkey Tour, 10 Days In Turkey, Multi City Turkey Tour, turkish travel agents, western turkey map, goreme tours, best tour operators in turkey, heritage tours cappadocia, western turkey cities, western turkey bird,tourism company in turkey, 7 Day Istanbul Western Turkey tour, Western Turkey Tour, gulet cruise turkey prices, blue cruise turkey prices, blue cruise fethiye, gulet cruise turkey tripadvisor, blue cruise turkey tripadvisor, blue tour turkey, blue cruise turkey fethiye to olympos,my blue cruise turkey, Blue Cruise Turkey, turkey multi day tours, antalya city tour, antalya tour package, antalya tourist guide, antalya excursions prices, cheap excursions in antalya, antalya tours viator, cheap antalya tours, antalya day trips deals, 8 day Turkey tour, ephesus to pamukkale, Istanbul day trips, Antalya day trips, cappadocia pamukkale tour, ephesus and pamukkale in one day, ephesus and pamukkale tour from izmir, ephesus pamukkale tours from kusadasi, ephesus and pamukkale tour from fethiye, ephesus and pamukkale tour from marmaris, tours from istanbul to ephesus and pamukkale, ephesus Tour, pamukkale tour, Daily Ephesus Tours, Daily Pamukkale tours, Istanbul outdoor tours, Guided tours, Group tours, Bus tours, 2 Day Turkey tours, Shore Excursions, izmir to ephesus, istanbul to ephesus, ephesus tour from, izmir, cappadocia pamukkale tour, day trips from marmaris, ephesus to izmir, pamukkale tour from izmir, pamukkale to ephesus bus, ephesus tours from izmir airport, ephesus and pamukkale tour from fethiye, ephesus pamukkale tours from kusadasi, ephesus and pamukkale tour from marmaris, marmaris party boat, cheap massage in marmaris, turkey tour 9 days, tours from izmir, best turkey tour packages, turkey tours, turkey tours packages, istanbul itinerary 4 days, 5 days in turkey, 5 day turkey tour, turkey itinerary 4 days, turkey itinerary 6 days, 4 days turkey tour packages, turkey tours 2017, turkey vacation packages all inclusive, turkey tour packages from pakistan, turkey tour packages from malaysia, turkey tour companies, turkey tours tripadvisor, best turkey tours, turkey tours from usa, 4 Days Turkey Tour, Konya day trips, Hierapolis day trips, Cappadocia Balloon ride, Small Group tours, gallipoli tours from canakkale, istanbul to gallipoli distance, gallipoli and troy tours from istanbul, gallipoli tours 2017, best gallipoli tours, gallipoli, tours 2018, viator gallipoli tour, Pergamon tour, troy turkey, troy tour from istanbul, istanbul to troy, distance, istanbul to troy train, trojan horse istanbul, troy tours turkey, getting to troy from istanbul, troy tours israel reviews, Gallipoli battlefield day trips, Legendary of Troy day trips, Pergamon day trips, Hierapolis day trips Read the full article

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Best Of Turkey - 14 Days Turkey Tour

Best Of Turkey - 14 Days Turkey Tour includes all airport transfers, flights, 10 nights accommodation, 4 days 3 nights gulet cruise, fully guided tours in Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya, Pamukkale and Ephesus, all museum entrance fees, breakfast and lunch. Come visit one of the oldest cities in the world, Istanbul. Plan a trip to Turkey & See the famous sites in the Old City such as, the Hagia Sofia, the Blue Mosque, Topkapi Palace, and the Grand Bazaar. Take a relaxing cruise on the Bosphorus. Gaze at the shops as you stroll down Istiklal street or take a ride on the historic trolley. Experience all of the must sees of Cappadocia. Watch the sunrise from a hot air balloon as you float above the fairy chimneys that dot the landscape. Stay in one of the charming cave hotels built into the volcanic rocks of Göreme. Tour the famous sites of the region such as the underground city of Derinkuyu, Uçhisar Castle, Göreme Open Air Museum, Selime Monastery and the Ihlara Valley. Tour the ancient ruins of Perge and Aspendos. Marvel at the biggest waterfall in the Antalya region. Walk through the famous white travertines of Pamukkale heated by thermal waters. Retain your youth after a swim in Cleopatra's Pool. Discover what remains of one of the 7 ancient wonders of the world, the Temple of Artemis. Take a fully guided tour of the ruins of Ephesus. See the last dwelling place and tomb of the Virgin Mary. The Blue Cruise is the highlight of everyone's trip. Relax on the boat as it cruises around the Turquoise coast. Swim and snorkel in the stunningly beautiful blue water. Explore St. Nicholas's church and a Pirates Cave. Visit butterfly valley. Don't miss out on the experience of a life time with Turkey road trip!

Best Of Turkey - 14 Days Turkey Tour with 4 Day Blue Cruise

Best Of Turkey - Istanbul: The city is one of the oldest in the world and dates back to 667 BCE. The city has been ruled by many different empires, has had a few different names and has seen times of prosperity and destruction. The city itself is a museum of treasures waiting to be discovered. Historical gems are scattered through out and there is certainly something to interest everyone. The most famous sites of Istanbul are found in the Old City, also known as Sultanahmet. Here, within walking distance of each other, you will find the Hagia Sofia, the Blue Mosque, the Hippodrome, the Basilica Cistern and The Grand Bazaar. The Hagia Sofia is one of the oldest standing basilicas in the world. It was built in 537 and still contains some of the original mosaics. The Blue Mosque is known for its six minarets, which when it was built was unheard of. Most mosques built by sultans only had four minarets. It is called the Blue Mosque because of the blue colored tiles that line the walls inside. The Hippodrome runs parallel to the Blue Mosque and contains historic relics acquired through out the centuries. The Basilica Cistern was built by the Byzantine emperor Justinian. It was a way for the city to store water for the residents, which was especially helpful if the city was ever attacked. The cistern is underground and can hold up to 100,000 tons of water. The Grand Bazaar is one of the most famous bazaars in the world. Built in 1461, it covers 60 blocks of Istanbul and boasts over 3,600 shops. Across the river on the other European part, you will find the Galata Tower and Istiklal street. These are both a must see when visiting Istanbul. The city has seen many Galata Towers through its history that have been destroyed by war, natural disaster or fire. But the city has always rebuilt it due to its necessity against foreign invaders. To keep foreign war ships from gaining access to the Golden Horn, the residents would stretch a chain across the water. One side connected to the Galata tower and one on the old city side. It’s always been a very useful defense mechanism. Istiklal street is one of the busiest shopping streets in Istanbul. Istiklal translated from Turkish means independence. The street was originally named the Rue de Pera, but was renamed after Turkey became a republic in the 1920’s. There are many boutiques, restaurants and bars on Istiklal, which meet Taksim Square at its northern point. Taksim Square is the center of the modern city and is always full of people. Of course, no trip to Istanbul would be complete with out a cruise on the Bosphorus. It’s a great, relaxing way to see the city. There are many different types of Bosphorus tours, long and short. Some stop at a few destinations and some only cruise up and down. Whatever your preference, it’s available. You should spend about 3 days in Istanbul, in order to see all of the main sites. There are many hotels, restaurants, sites and shopping experiences. There’s no doubt that you will always find something to do. Your First destination of 14 Days Turkey Tour

Best Of Turkey - Cappadocia: Cappadocia is your next stop and gaining more popularity every year. During the Tertiary period, about 50 million years ago, volcanic material covered the landscape and erosion over the years created the unique pieces  of landscape that are now known as fairy chimneys. The Hittites were some of the first settlers of the region and they discovered that the volcanic rock that covered the terrain was easy to carve. It is believed that they built the underground cities that still exist there today. The most famous is called Derinkuyu and it is 18 levels deep. The Hittites controlled the region from 2500 - 2000 BCE until the Assyrians took it over. Through the years, the area was ruled by a few different settlements including, the Phrygians, Lydians and Persians, before coming under Roman rule around 17 AD. The region was converted to Christianity and a monastic community spread through the region. The monks built their monasteries into the large volcanic rock formations. Goreme, as the main city of Cappadocia is known, boasts many geological must sees. From the underground cities, to the rock monasteries to the natural valleys and rock formations. It is best seen at dawn from a hot air balloon. The hot air balloons of Cappadocia have become quite famous and they are something that is not to be missed. The balloons take off before dawn and the view of the sunrise from the balloon is stunning. Even from the ground, the sight of the balloons in the air is breathtaking and its worth it to get up early and take a look. When people see Cappadocia, they often think that the land is dry and barren, but in fact it is the opposite. Due to the volcanic ash, the terrain is quite fertile and a popular spot for vineyards. Wineries have been in operation since the Hittite period as well as pottery made from the clay of the Kizilirmak River. Cappadocia, translated from the original Hittite means the land of the beautiful horses. Still to this day, horse back is an excellent way to see the area. A particularly great tour is that of the Rose Valley on horse back at sunset. The easiest way to see the most popular sites of Cappadocia are by taking the fully guided North and South tours. Each is a full day tour and between the two, you won't miss a thing. The North Tour is a convenient way to see Uçhisar Castle, Göreme Open Air Museum, the fairy chimneys, Avanos and Çavusin. While the South Tour covers the Derinkuyu (the underground city), Selime Monastery, Pigeon Valley and the Ihlara Valley. A stay in Cappadocia would be incomplete if you didn't spend the night in one of the enchanting cave hotels. Carved into the famous volcanic rock formations around Göreme, these hotels are a once in a lifetime experience. It's also very easy to see the balloons in the morning from these hotels. There are many to choose from and one is just as charming as the next! Your second destination of 14 Days Turkey Tour

Best Of Turkey - Ephesus: Ephesus is one of Turkey's many ancient cities. However, there are a few things that make it a bit more notable than some of the other ancient cities. In the 7th century BCE, the Lydians ruled the city of Ephesus. Their king, Croesus, built a Temple to the Greek Godess Artemis. However, in 356 BCE, a man named Herostratus burned down the temple because he wanted to be famous for destroying something so beautiful. The Ephesians rebuilt the temple 4 times bigger and it became one of the 7 Wonders of the World. In 129 BCE Ephesus came under Roman rule and became quite a prosperous city. At one point it was so large that it was second only to Rome. As Christianity spread, it is said that Saint John and Saint Paul visited the city and rebuked Artemis and the Roman Gods. They converted many to Christianity.It is said that Mary, Jesus's mother, lived the rest of her days in Ephesus with Saint Paul. Her tomb can be visited along with that of Saint Paul. In 262 AD, the Goths destroyed the city and the Temple of Artemis with it. The temple was never rebuilt and pieces of it can be found in the British Museum. As Christianity became the official religion of the region, everything relating to Artemis was destroyed. Emperor Constantine declared Constantinople, or modern day Istanbul, his capital of the the Eastern region and Ephesus descended into ruin. The Ottomans took control of Ephesus in the 15th century, but the city was in such a state of decay, that it was abandoned. In 1863, British engineer John Turtle Wood began searching for the remains of Ephesus. Six years later he found it and began excavations. Near Ephesus is the town of Selçuk and it's definitely worth a visit. After Ephesus, the top attractions in Selçuk are Saint John's Basilica where it is rumored that Saint John is buried. Near the basilica is the Isa Bey Mosque. The exterior is beautiful and it is always open to visitors, except at prayer time. There are also some great beaches to visit in the area. Pamucak, Kusadasi and Alaçati are close and quite lovely. Windsurfing and other water sports are available in Alaçati. For wine lovers, take a trip up into the hills outside of Selçuk to a town called Sirince. Spend the day tasting the homemade wine of the region and shopping for souvenirs made by the locals. Your third destination of 14 Days Turkey Tour

Pamukkale: Pamukkale is mostly known for the white travertines that formed along the side of the hill. Pamukkale translates to Cotton Castle in Turkish and gets its name because from afar it does indeed resemble a fluffy white castle. However, the city has more to offer besides the travertines. It is also the home of the ancient city called Hierapolis, which was built on top of thermal hot springs. The hot springs are the reason for the travertines. When the water from the hot springs flows down the hill, it loses carbon monoxide and leaves behind limestone deposits. Over time, the deposits built up in a step like fashion. The earliest records of the city of Hierapolis date back to 197 BCE and it is said that the city was founded by the king of Pergamum, Eumenes II. The people believed that the hot springs contained healing powers and people traveled to the city to bathe in the water and cure their various ailments. Hierapolis was conquered by the Romans in 133 BCE and destroyed by an earthquake in 60 AD. However, the city was rebuilt and prospered in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. The city was converted to Christianity at some point and a Philip was martyred there. It is unclear whether that was Philip the Apostle or Philip the Evangelist. However, a martyrion exists for Philip. The city began to decline in the 6th century and became partly covered in water. Excavations began to uncover the city in the 19th century. There is speculation that Cleopatra once travelled to Hierapolis to bath in the healing waters and make herself look younger. Due to this story, one of the pools on the site is named after her and you too can swim in the pool and retain your youth. The town of Pamukkale at the base of the travetines is a small but friendly town. There are a few different hotels and restaurants to choose from if you wish to spend the night here. Like Cappadocia, Pamukkale has also started offering hot air balloon rides over the travertines at sunrise. This is less known and the balloons in Pamukkale are always available as opposed to Cappadocia. Another fun activity that is offered in Pamukkale is paragliding. There are a few different companies to choose from. But they all fly you over Hierapolis and the travertines. It's a great view and a great time! Your forth destination of 14 Days Turkey Tour Antalya: Antalya, like Pamukkale, was founded by the Pergamum empire in the 2nd century BCE. It's primary function was as a seaport. The city was bequeathed to the Romans by the last king of Pergamum, Attalus III. In the middle ages, the city was an important hub for crusaders continuing on to Palestine. The city was captured by the Selcuk Turks in 1207 and then occupied by the Ottoman Sultan in 1391. However, the city wasn't incorporated into the Ottoman Empire until the 15th century because they were busy dealing with the invasion of Timur. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the first world war, the Allies divided the empire between Italy, France and the United Kingdom. Italy claimed Antalya and Italian troops remained there until 1921 when they were driven out by Turkish nationalist forces. The city has a subtropical climate and its beaches are a big tourist destination.  Due to the color of the water, the area is sometimes referred to as the Turquoise Coast. Antalya is the site of the famous Blue Cruises or Gulet Tours. The boats will take you around the coast over the course of 3 nights and 4 days. Tourists are able to swim and see caves and other sites only seen from the water. Antalya is known as the "capital" of the Mediterranean and it certainly lives up to its name. The area has some of the best beaches in the country in addition to a thriving nightlife. Konyaalti beach and Lara beach are the two main beaches of Antalya, both long and luxurious. With beach chairs and bars readily available, you're sure to never want for anything. The nightlife in Antalya is growing every year and quickly becoming a contender against Europe's other party cities. Night clubs and bars line the streets in the city center as well as the surrounding areas of Kemer and Kas. Your toughest decision will be which one to pick. Your fifth destination of 14 Days Turkey Tour Fethiye: One of the many beach cities along the turquoise coast, Fethiye is a particular favorite of tourists. The city has some of the country's best beaches. Yachting is also popular in Fethiye and due to this, you can find many great hotels and restaurants. There are two main beaches along Fethiye's stretch, Calis and Oludeniz. They both are lined with hotels, restaurants and bars packed with people, especially British people. Fethiye happens to be a favorite holiday spot for the Brits. There are many water sports available here, as well as paragliding. Other attractions besides the beach include many ancient ruins. The public can tour the ancient city of Telmessos or sail out to Gemile Island and explore some practically untouched Byzantine ruins. Your sixth destination of 14 Days Turkey Tour Demre: The city of Demre is famous for none other than, Santa Claus? Yes! St. Nicholas lived here in the 4th century. Legend of him and his good deeds spread to Holland where they renamed him Sinterklass and imagined him as a Christmas elf. St. Nicholas church was built as a tribute to him here and at first housed his remains. However, in 1087 his bones were forcibly taken to Italy. In 2009, Turkey petitioned for the remains to be returned. The legend himself was born in a nearby city, joined the priesthood, became a bishop and worked in a nearby city named Myra. It is said that St. Nicholas would drop bags of of coins down the chimneys of girls who wanted to marry but were too poor to provide a dowry. People also said that he would leave coins in the shoes of of the poor if they left them out. St. Nicholas is the patron saint of pawnbrokers, sailors, children, virgins and Holy Russia. Your seventh destination of 14 Days Turkey Tour Kalkan: Kalkan was once a fishing village that rose in status and became a luxury resort town. It is similar to Kas but is more exclusive and more expensive. Despite the changing times, the city managed to keep some of its Ottoman era style. Much of the architecture is unchanged despite the rising villas and resorts. There are many hotels and restaurants to choose from. Kalkan is also home to Patara beach which is one of the longest and nicest beaches in Turkey. Since the town is so exclusive, the beach is often less crowded. It's quite the hidden gem. Your eighth destination of 14 Days Turkey Tour Kas: Kas was also once a fishing village that has since been transformed in to a restort town. Since the town is inbetween and a bit farther from the two main airports, it is also often less crowded. That and the fact that it is lies at the bottom of a mountain wall. There are many hotels and restaurants and Kas has arguably the best night clubs in the Antalya region. During the day, you can rent a beach chair or cabana along the beach. There are different water sports to choose from. At night it's all about the bars and clubs. With stunningly gorgeous facades and menus that boast just about everything, Kas has everything you could hope for. Your ninth destination of 14 Days Turkey Tour People Also Search: Best Of Turkey, 14 Days Turkey Tour, turkey itinerary 14 days, Fethiye to Olmpos, turkish travel agents, western turkey map, goreme tours, best tour operators in turkey, heritage tours cappadocia, western turkey cities, western turkey bird,tourism company in turkey, 7 Day Istanbul Western Turkey tour, Western Turkey Tour, gulet cruise turkey prices, blue cruise turkey prices, blue cruise fethiye, gulet cruise turkey tripadvisor, blue cruise turkey tripadvisor, blue tour turkey, blue cruise turkey fethiye to olympos,my blue cruise turkey, Blue Cruise Turkey, turkey multi day tours, antalya city tour, antalya tour package, antalya tourist guide, antalya excursions prices, cheap excursions in antalya, antalya tours viator, cheap antalya tours, antalya day trips deals, 8 day Turkey tour, ephesus to pamukkale, Istanbul day trips, Antalya day trips, cappadocia pamukkale tour, ephesus and pamukkale in one day, ephesus and pamukkale tour from izmir, ephesus pamukkale tours from kusadasi, ephesus and pamukkale tour from fethiye, ephesus and pamukkale tour from marmaris, tours from istanbul to ephesus and pamukkale, ephesus Tour, pamukkale tour, Daily Ephesus Tours, Daily Pamukkale tours, Istanbul outdoor tours, Guided tours, Group tours, Bus tours, 2 Day Turkey tours, Shore Excursions, izmir to ephesus, istanbul to ephesus, ephesus tour from, izmir, cappadocia pamukkale tour, day trips from marmaris, ephesus to izmir, pamukkale tour from izmir, pamukkale to ephesus bus, ephesus tours from izmir airport, ephesus and pamukkale tour from fethiye, ephesus pamukkale tours from kusadasi, ephesus and pamukkale tour from marmaris, marmaris party boat, cheap massage in marmaris, turkey tour 9 days, tours from izmir, best turkey tour packages, turkey tours, turkey tours packages, istanbul itinerary 4 days, 5 days in turkey, 5 day turkey tour, turkey itinerary 4 days, turkey itinerary 6 days, 4 days turkey tour packages, turkey tours 2017, turkey vacation packages all inclusive, turkey tour packages from pakistan, turkey tour packages from malaysia, turkey tour companies, turkey tours tripadvisor, best turkey tours, turkey tours from usa, 4 Days Turkey Tour, Konya day trips, Hierapolis day trips, Cappadocia Balloon ride, Small Group tours, gallipoli tours from canakkale, istanbul to gallipoli distance, gallipoli and troy tours from istanbul, gallipoli tours 2017, best gallipoli tours, gallipoli, tours 2018, viator gallipoli tour, Pergamon tour, troy turkey, troy tour from istanbul, istanbul to troy, distance, istanbul to troy train, trojan horse istanbul, troy tours turkey, getting to troy from istanbul, troy tours israel reviews, Gallipoli battlefield day trips, Legendary of Troy day trips, Pergamon day trips, Hierapolis day trips Read the full article