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Test Bank Exploring Geology 4th Edition

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TEST BANK QUESTIONS – This test bank is for Exploring Geology 4th edition. In addition to this Word file, the questions can be accessed via MH’s Connect system, and MH can provide them for various classroom-management systems (e.g., Blackboard).

At the end of this document are instructions for copying and pasting these questions to create a new test, as well as a description the self-numbering character of the questions and answers using Styles in Microsoft Word. Short descriptors that follow each question are summarized here:

Answer: Correct answer to question.

Section: The number of the relevant two-page spread in Exploring Geology, 4thedition.

Difficulty Level: Cognitive skills required to answer the question, selected from six categories in a version of Bloom’s Taxonomy. The six categories are Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, or Create.

Topic: The chapter or the part of a chapter (e.g., energy resources versus mineral resources) to which the question applies.

Section 1.0 – Nature of Geology

1. Which of the following was mentioned in the opening two-page spread of Chapter 1?

a) oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Reserve

b) the scenery of GlacierNational Park

c) earthquakes along the San Andres fault

d) oil beneath the GulfCoast of the United States

Answer: b

Section: 1.0

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

Section 1.1 – Where and How We Live

2. Which of the following is probably least at risk for geologic hazards?

a) next to a river in low areas

b) near an active fault

c) on soils that gently expand when wet

d) on gentle slopes away from mountains

e) close to, but upwind of, an active volcano

Answer: d

Section: 1.1

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

3. Which potential geologic hazard is NOT represented by a feature on this figure?

a) an earthquake

b) a volcano

c) contaminated groundwater

d) a landslide

e) flood-prone areas

Answer: c

Section: 1.1

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

4. Which of the following geologic aspects influence our lives based on the photograph showing horses and cows on a grassy field?

a) the presence of mountains, which influence the formation of clouds and precipitation

b) the steepness of slopes

c) the availability of water

d) all of these

Answer: d

Section: 1.1

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

5. The distribution of natural resources is influenced by the:

a) type of rocks

b) age of the rocks

c) way in which the rocks formed

d) all of these

Answer: d

Section: 1.1

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

6. Which of the following factors was most important in controlling the distribution of copper mines in the western U.S. versus iron mines in the Great Lakes region?

a) the amount of precipitation (rain and snow)

b) the time of year when precipitation occurs

c) different ages and geologic histories of the rocks

d) the latitude (distance south or north from the equator)

Answer: c

Section: 1.1

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

Section 1.2 – Geology Explains World

7. Geology can help us learn about Earth’s past by studying:

a) why continents and oceans are different

b) why a landscape looks the way it does

c) how life in the past was different than today

d) how global climate has changed since the ice ages

e) all of these

Answer: e

Section: 1.2

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

8. Which of the following is NOT a way geology informs us about Earth’s past?

a) how the first second of the universe differed from a second today

b) why continents and oceans are different

c) why a landscape looks the way it does today

d) how life in the past was different than today

e) how past global climate was different than today

Answer: a

Section: 1.2

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

9. Continents differ in appearance from ocean basins because:

a) each has its own geologic history

b) each contains different fossils

c) each has its own climate

Answer: a

Section: 1.2

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

10. Continental ice sheets were more common 28,000 years ago than they are today because:

a) the Earth had more water then than now

b) the Earth was cooler then than now

c) the Earth was further away from the Sun then than now

Answer: b

Section: 1.2

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

Section 1.3 – Inside Earth

11. The main layers of the Earth in correct order, from the surface moving down, are:

a) upper crust, outer core, inner core, mantle

b) outer core, inner core, upper mantle, lower crust

c) crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

d) upper mantle, lower mantle, inner core, crust

Answer: c

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

12. Which of the following Earth layers is the thinnest?

a) oceanic crust

b) upper mantle

c) lower mantle

d) outer core

e) inner core

Answer: a

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

13. Which layer on this figure is the upper mantle?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

e) E

Answer: c

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

14. Which layer on this figure is the continental crust?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

e) E

Answer: a

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

15. Which layer on this figure is the oceanic crust?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

e) E

Answer: b

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

16. Which layer in the earth is similar to the composition of granite?

a) continental crust

b) oceanic crust

c) upper mantle

d) lower mantle

e) core

Answer: a

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

17. Which layer in the earth is similar in composition to basalt, a dark lava rock?

a) continental crust

b) oceanic crust

c) upper mantle

d) lower mantle

e) core

Answer: b

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

18. Which layer in the earth is similar to the green mineral olivine?

a) continental crust

b) oceanic crust

c) mantle

d) core

Answer: c

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

19. Which layer in the earth is similar in composition to an iron-nickel meteorite?

a) continental crust

b) oceanic crust

c) upper mantle

d) lower mantle

e) core

Answer: e

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

20. Which of the following is NOT a possible reason for why a region is higher in elevation than adjacent regions?

a) the lithosphere is hotter

b) it has continental crust, but adjacent regions have oceanic crust

c) the crust is thicker

d) the crust is more dense

Answer: d

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

21. What is the most likely reason why a region is higher than adjacent regions?

a) there is a hot spot beneath it

b) the crust is thicker

c) it is underlain by oceanic crust

d) the asthenosphere is hotter

e) the crust is hotter

Answer: b

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

22. Which of the following is the best description of what the lithosphere contains?

a) continental and oceanic crust

b) both types of crust and the uppermost mantle

c) weak part of the upper mantle

d) upper and lower mantle

e) lower mantle and outer core

Answer: b

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

23. Which of the following Earth layers is the thickest?

a) continental crust

b) oceanic crust

c) mantle

d) outer core

Answer: c

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

24. The principle of isostasy refers to:

a) the difference in the strength of the mantle versus the crust

b) the relationship between regional elevations and thickness of crust

c) how the outer core differs from the inner core

d) how the upper mantle differs from the lower mantle

Answer: b

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

25. Which of the following is NOT an important difference between continents and oceans?

a) thickness of the crust

b) composition of the crust

c) density of the crust

d) whether it is part of the lithosphere

e) elevation

Answer: d

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

26. Which of the following combinations would result in the highest regional elevations?

a) thin, dense crust

b) thick, dense crust

c) thin, less dense crust

d) thick, less dense crust

Answer: d

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

27. Which layer on this figure is the outer core?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

e) E

Answer: e

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

28. Compared to oceanic crust, continental crust is:

a) thinner

b) more dense

c) lighter in color

d) all of these

Answer: c

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

29. The main difference between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere is the:

a) asthenosphere is less rigid

b) asthenosphere flows less easily

c) asthenosphere is cooler

d) asthenosphere has more oceanic crust

e) asthenosphere has more continental crust

Answer: a

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

30. Based on this topographic profile across the central United States, which region probably has the thickest crust?

a) ColoradoRockies

b) Great Plains

c) Mississippi River

d) Appalachian Mountains

e) East Coast

Answer: a

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

31. Based on this topographic profile across the central United States, which region probably has neither the thinnest nor thickest crust?

a) ColoradoRockies

b) Mississippi River

c) East Coast

Answer: b

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

32. Based on this topographic profile across the central United States, which region probably has the thinnest crust?

a) ColoradoRockies

b) Great Plains

c) Mississippi River

d) Appalachian Mountains

e) East Coast

Answer: e

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

33. Which of these best describes the location of the core within the Earth?

a) The core is located in the central zone of the Earth, beneath the mantle.

b) The core is located between the thin surface crust and the thick mantle.

c) The core is located at the surface of the Earth, forming a thin skin.

Answer: a

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

34. What is the largest of Earth's concentric zones by volume?

a) the crust

b) the mantle

c) the core

Answer: b

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

35. The asthenosphere is part of the:

a) mantle

b) lithosphere

Answer: a

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

36. The asthenosphere is beneath the:

a) lithosphere

b) mantle

c) outer core

Answer: a

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

37. What happens to a mountain in terms of isostatic adjustment following a period of significant erosion?

a) The continent underneath will be uplifted.

b) The continent underneath will subside.

c) Erosion does not affect isostasy.

Answer: a

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

38. What is the condition of equilibrium or balance in a system called? Geologists often use this term to describe crustal blocks floating on the asthenosphere.

a) isostasy

b) convection

c) Curie point

d) geothermal gradient

Answer: a

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

39. The lithosphere is:

a) also called the crust

b) also called the mantle

c) the rigid portion of the Earth (crust and upper mantle)

d) where convection occurs in the mantle

Answer: c

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

40. Which type of crust has the greater thickness?

a) continental

b) oceanic

Answer: a

Section: 1.3

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

Section 1.4 – Processes Affect Planet

41. Which of the following is true about processes that affect Earth?

a) Atmospheric pressure is less at sea level than in high mountains.

b) Forces decrease downward within Earth.

c) Forces are imposed on deep rocks from all directions.

d) All heat inside Earth comes from magma.

e) None of these.

Answer: c

Section: 1.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

42. Which of the following is true about gravity?

a) Gravity of the Sun and Moon exert a pull on Earth.

b) The mass of the Earth causes a downward pull on objects on Earth.

c) Gravity causes ice, water, and rocks to move downhill.

d) All of these.

Answer: d

Section: 1.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

43. Which of the following is true about forces and energy imposed on Earth from space?

a) Internal processes within the Moon produce light during the night.

b) Sun’s electromagnetic energy is all blocked by Earth’s protective atmosphere.

c) Our massive Sun is the only object that exerts a gravitational pull on Earth.

d) All of these.

e) None of these.

Answer: e

Section: 1.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

44. Which arrows in this figure indicates infrared energy, which has been converted from ultraviolet energy?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

Answer: c

Section: 1.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

45. Which arrows in this figure indicates evaporation?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

Answer: d

Section: 1.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

46. Which arrows in this figure indicates ultraviolet energy, an external energy source?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

Answer: b

Section: 1.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

47. Which of the following are ways that the atmosphere interacts with Earth’s surface?

a) Liquid water on the surface can evaporate, becoming water vapor in the atmosphere.

b) The atmosphere includes a low percentage of water vapor, most of which comes from the oceans.

c) Earth’s atmosphere blocks most of the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation.

d) Some energy that strikes the earth is converted into infrared energy.

e) All of these.

Answer: e

Section: 1.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

48. What happens to material that is hotter than its surrounding material deep within the Earth?

a) The hot material slowly moves up toward the surface.

b) The hot material moves slowly down toward the core.

c) Nothing. The hot material doesn't move at all.

Answer: a

Section: 1.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

49. Radioactive decay in the Earth, especially in the Earth's crust, creates a tremendous amount of:

a) pressure

b) heat

Answer: b

Section: 1.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

50. Radioactive decay within the Earth produces heat; the other form of heat produced by the Earth comes from:

a) heat trapped when the Earth was formed

b) solar radiation trapped in the rock on the Earth's surface

c) heat produced by air as it moves across the oceans

Answer: a

Section: 1.4

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

Section 1.5 – Rocks Form

51. Which of the following locations would containa wide variety of sediment, from large angular blocks to fine rock powder, produced from grinding of the rocks?

a) location 1, along the margins of a glacier

b) location 2, along a steep mountain front

c) location 3, in sand dunes

d) location 4, along a beach

e) location 5, on relatively deep seafloor

Answer: a

Section: 1.5

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

52. Which of the following locations would contain large, angular rocks that broke away from bedrock and moved downhill?

a) location 1, along the margins of a glacier

b) location 2, along a steep mountain front

c) location 3, in sand dunes

d) location 4, along a beach

e) location 5, on relatively deep seafloor

Answer: b

Section: 1.5

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

53. Which of the following locations would contain sand, rounded stones, and broken shells?

a) location 1, along the margins of a glacier

b) location 2, along a steep mountain front

c) location 3, in sand dunes

d) location 4, along a beach

e) location 5, on relatively deep seafloor

Answer: d

Section: 1.5

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

54. Which of the following locations would contain mud and the remains of small creatures?

a) location 1, along the margins of a glacier

b) location 2, along a steep mountain front

c) location 3, in sand dunes

d) location 4, along a beach

e) location 5, on relatively deep seafloor

Answer: e

Section: 1.5

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

55. Which of the following locations would most likely contain large, angular rocks?

a) location 1, along the margins of a glacier

b) location 2, along a steep mountain front

c) location 3, in sand dunes

d) locations 1 and 2

e) locations 2 and 3

Answer: d

Section: 1.5

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

56. Which of the following locations would most likely contain a high percentage of sand?

a) location 2, along a steep mountain front

b) location 3, in sand dunes

c) location 4, along a beach

d) locations 2 and 3

e) locations 3 and 4

Answer: e

Section: 1.5

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

57. Which of the following surface environments is the most likely site for deposits in this photograph?

a) steep mountain front

b) river channel

c) sand dunes

d) beach

e) lake

Answer: a

Section: 1.5

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

58. Which of the following surface environments is the most likely site for deposits in this photograph?

a) steep mountain front

b) glacier

c) sand dunes

d) beach

e) lake

Answer: d

Section: 1.5

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

59. What type of rock would the materials shown in this photograph produce?

a) sedimentary

b) igneous

c) metamorphic

d) hydrothermal

Answer: a

Section: 1.5

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze

Topic: Nature of Geology

60. Which of the following locations would form an igneous rock?

a) locations 1 and 2

b) locations 2 and 3

c) locations 3 and 4

d) locations 1, 2, and 3

e) locations 5 and 6

Answer: d

Section: 1.5

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Topic: Nature of Geology

61. Which of the following locations would form a metamorphic rock?

a) locations 1 and 2

b) locations 2 and 3

c) locations 3 and 4

d) locations 1, 2, and 3

e) locations 5 and 6

#Test Bank Exploring Geology 4th Edition

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