#future of british irish relations

[justforbooks]

British Library to reinstate Oscar Wilde’s reader card 130 years after it was revoked

Exclusive: Pass to be presented to playwright’s grandson after original cancelled over conviction for gross indecency

The British Library is to symbolically reinstate Oscar Wilde’s reader pass, 130 years after its trustees cancelled it following his conviction for gross indecency.

A contemporary pass bearing the name of the Irish author and playwright will be officially presented to his grandson, Merlin Holland, at an event in October, it will be announced on Sunday.

Rupert Everett, who wrote, directed and starred as Wilde in The Happy Prince – the acclaimed 2018 film about the writer’s tragic final years in exile – will play a part in the ceremony.

Holland is an expert on Wilde whose publications include The Complete Letters of Oscar Wilde. Asked how his grandfather might have reacted to the pass being reinstated, he said: “He’d probably say ‘about time too’.”

The decision to revoke the pass is recorded in board minutes in 1895, when homosexuality was illegal: “The Trustees directed that Mr Oscar Wilde, admitted as a reader in 1879 and sentenced at the Central Criminal Court on 25th May to two years’ imprisonment with hard labour, be excluded from future use of the Museum’s Reading Room.”

Wilde’s downfall followed his decision to sue Lord Queensberry, who had accused him of being a “sodomite” after discovering that his son, Lord Alfred “Bosie” Douglas, was Wilde’s lover. It led to Wilde being sentenced to two years of hard labour.

Having been the toast of London society, Wilde died in abject poverty in Paris in 1900, aged 46. After his disgrace and imprisonment, his wife, Constance, fled to Europe with their two sons, Cyril and Vyvyan, and changed their surname to Holland, an ancestral family name.

Holland said: “Oscar had been in Pentonville prison for three weeks when his [pass] to the British Museum Reading Room [now the British Library] was cancelled, so he wouldn’t have known about it, which was probably as well … It would have just added to his misery to feel that one of the world’s great libraries had banned him from books just as the law had banned him from daily life. But the restitution of his ticket is a lovely gesture of forgiveness and I’m sure his spirit will be touched.”

In 2017, Wilde was assumed to be among more than 50,000 gay and bisexual men who were posthumously pardoned, although the Ministry of Justice said no individuals would be named.

Holland said: “Oscar didn’t think there was anything wrong in same-sex love … I’m not absolutely certain he has been pardoned … If I had to ask for a pardon, I wouldn’t, because all it would do is make the British establishment feel better about itself … History’s history, and you can’t start rewriting it.”

The British Library boasts arguably the world’s most significant collection of Wilde manuscripts, including drafts of his major plays, Lady Windermere’s Fan, A Woman of No Importance, An Ideal Husband and The Importance of Being Earnest.

Laura Walker, the British Library’s lead curator of modern archives and manuscripts, said this extraordinary collection makes Wilde’s pass all the more meaningful: “We really want to honour Wilde now and acknowledge what happened to him. Section 11 of the law, which related to the criminalisation of homosexuality, was unjust.”

In 1973, the British Library officially separated from the British Museum, although it continued to be housed in the Reading Room until 1997, when the new British Library building opened in St Pancras.

Wilde’s long relationship with the British Museum started while he was still a student and, after moving to London in 1879, he applied for a reader pass. But he was not afraid to criticise the institution. When he published his long poem The Sphinx, he was asked why he had printed only a few copies. He replied: “My first idea was to print only three copies: one for myself, one for the British Museum, and one for Heaven. I had some doubt about the British Museum.”

Holland joked that Wilde was “setting heaven and himself above the British Museum in a teasingly arrogant way” – a “slightly naughty throwaway remark about a very august institute, exactly the sort of thing that he would have regarded as being slightly stuffy and conventional”.

He added: “He probably would [be] obliged now to make an apology … on … his rude remark … once they’d given him his pass back.”

The British Library event – on 16 October, Wilde’s birthday – will include a public talk by Everett and Holland, launching the latter’s new book, After Oscar: The Legacy of a Scandal, an account of Wilde’s posthumous life.

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[whencyclopedia]

Anthony Wayne

Anthony Wayne (1745-1796), better known by his nickname 'Mad Anthony', was a brigadier general of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). After the war, he briefly served in Congress before resuming his military career, winning a victory over a coalition of Native American nations at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Born in Pennsylvania to a family of Irish immigrants, Wayne worked as a land surveyor before joining the Continental Army in 1776. Within a year, he had become a brigadier general, serving with distinction in the Philadelphia Campaign. His finest moment came in July 1779, when he led a nighttime raid against the British garrison at Stony Point, New York, capturing the fort even after sustaining a bullet wound to the head. After the American Revolution, Wayne won election to the House of Representatives as a member of the Federalist Party, working to help strengthen the authority of the federal government. In 1792, he became Senior Army Officer and defeated the Northwestern Confederacy of Native American nations that were contesting the United States' control of the Northwest Territory (modern Ohio). Wayne died shortly after his victory at Fallen Timbers on 15 December 1796, at the age of 51.

Early Life

Anthony Wayne was born on 1 January 1745 at his family's estate of Waynesborough in Easttown, Pennsylvania. He came from a family of Irish Protestants, and his grandfather had fought for the Williamites at the Battle of the Boyne (1 July 1690). In the early 1700s, the Wayne family emigrated from Ireland to the British colony of Pennsylvania, where Anthony's father, Isaac Wayne, found work as a tanner; over the decades, his tannery became the largest in Pennsylvania. In 1739, at the age of 40, Isaac Wayne married Elizabeth Iddings. The couple would have four children, of whom Anthony was the eldest. During the French and Indian War (1754-1763), Isaac served as a captain and raised a company of provincial soldiers. He participated in the 1758 Forbes Expedition to capture Fort Duquesne, in which he served alongside a young Colonel George Washington.

Growing up, Anthony Wayne was expected to inherit the 500-acre Waynesborough and work the fields as a farmer. But Wayne had other plans for his future; having listened to heroic tales of his grandfather's and father's military service as a child, the young Anthony dreamt of winning military glory himself. An insatiable reader, Wayne read all the military histories and classical works he could get his hands on and was soon able to recite both Julius Caesar and William Shakespeare. After completing his education at the College of Pennsylvania, Wayne became a land surveyor. In 1765, he and several of his associates were commissioned by Benjamin Franklin to survey 100,000 acres of land in Nova Scotia. After Wayne surveyed the land, which became the township of Monckton, it was settled by eleven Pennsylvania families of mostly German origin.

In 1763, Wayne married Mary Penrose. The couple had two children: a daughter Margarette (b. 1770) and a son, Isaac (b. 1772). Wayne and his growing family continued to live at Waynesborough, where he split his time between helping his father at the tannery and his own work as a surveyor. But, as relations between the Thirteen Colonies and Great Britain continued to deteriorate, Wayne found that he was being drawn toward the Patriot movement, which opposed the 'unjust' policies of the British Parliament such as taxation without colonial representation. In 1775, a year after the death of his father, Wayne was nominated to the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety, a shadow government run by American revolutionaries; on this committee, he served alongside prominent Patriot leaders like Benjamin Franklin and John Dickinson.

In this position, Wayne became increasingly radical in his disdain for the British, leading his primarily Quaker constituents to remove him from the committee in October, for fear that he had become too war hawkish. By now, the American Revolutionary War was underway and rapidly escalating. With his brief foray into politics over, Wayne could now follow his childhood dream and enter the military.

Continue reading...

[ostensiblynone]

MAY 21, 2000.

Noel leaves the tour and flies back to England before taking a plane to his Ibiza holiday home to spend some quality time with his wife Meg and their three-month old daughter, Anaïs. A press statement is released, saying that Noel has quit overseas touring, though it's strongly rumoured that he may play the British and Irish dates in July and August. Oasis decide to honour their remaining European live commitments - all 30 of them - with stand-in guitarist Matt Deighton, former Mother Earth frontman and Paul Weller sidekick. After three days' rehearsals in France, the band resume the tour in Milan on May 30. At this point, Liam is the only original member of the 1993 lineup on-stage. Curiously, the band has Noel's blessing to continue, and he happily lets Deighton use his guitars and rig.

Liam takes to wearing an Elvis-style TCB (Takin' Care Of Business') patch; however, it's fair to say that at this point no one knows if Oasis have a long-term future. Meanwhile, the Noel-sung Sunday Morning Call is released as a single.

So why did you let the band resume the tour? Noel: (Passionately) Because it was the best way. To Liam's eternal fucking credit he carried it off and saved me a whole load of shit with the lawyers. I was actually fucking quite proud of him - it was good for Liam that he could actually go out and do it.

Weren't you wounded, though, that your band was carrying on playing without you? Noel: No, not all, and I mean that actually most fucking sincerely. I got a phone call from the manager [Marcus Russell] saying, "Look, if you don't come back we're going to be fucking taken for every penny that we've ever made," and I'm like, Fine, but I can't go back, not after what's happened. There were about 50 people on the road and they'd all seen what had happened, and I wasn't going to go back and travel on a separate bus or a separate aeroplane - that's like the fucking Troggs or something. They said they were going to have to carry on, so I said, That's fine. Liam: Did I have something to prove to myself? No. Yeah. Maybe. My whole fucking thing is, whether people believe me or not, it's nothing to do with me being the big boy, it was to do with the band. It's not just me and Noel. We're just two brothers in a fucking band, I just happen to be the singer, he happens to be the songwriter, I happen to be good-looking, he just happens to be a good songwriter, that is all it is. The other three guys are still as important. So we just went on and done it. I know what I'm fucking doing, Whitey knows what he's doing, Gem and Andy know what they're doing, we're not dickheads. We just didn't have Noel Gallagher there. It was nothing to do with me, it's to do with the spirit that is around Oasis - and the spirit around Oasis is a bit of a lunatic. He's the dog's bollocks when he wants to be. He's a nutter.

Did it sound different? Liam: Yeah, it sounded punky. All it was missing was Noel's backing vocals. It was really punky, straightforward and that was it.

JUNE.

The Noel-less Oasis zig-zags it way across Europe - through Switzerland, Austria, Germany Poland, Holland, Sweden and Denmark. The music is unpaired, chiefly due to the lack of brotherly harmonies and the added texture of the dropped, Noel-sung material. Some critics also rue the lack of fraternal banter, which leaves the performances somewhat one-dimensional and a trifle pedestrian. Nevertheless, the crowds seem happy, and at most gigs only a handful of fans take up the promoters' money-back offer.

JULY.

After a six-week sabbatical, Noel does, indeed, return for the Irish and UK shows. The first is at Lansdowne Road stadium in Dublin, on July 8. In attendance is mother Peggy Gallagher, the person ultimately responsible for all this in the first place. Fraternal relations are still shaky, and Noel stays at a different hotel from the band, flying home alone straight afterwards. Liam, meanwhile, reportedly holes up in a bar and drinks 15 pints of Guinness. By all accounts, the show is magnificent.

Is it true that Liam didn't show up for a pre-gig meeting? Noel: Classic! Yeah, because he's fucking Liam and it's like tit for tat. He actually called the fucking meeting, so I was like, Fine, and we were all sitting there waiting and it's like, Oh, he's not coming. He's in the bar. Liam: We were meant to have a meeting but I couldn't go (laughs)...

Was it because you were still angry with Noel for quitting the tour? Liam: No, it was me and him - I was as much to blame as he was. I dealt with my shit and whatever. I wasn't angry with anyone, I just wanted to get on with the fucking gig and do it. Noel: The first time we actually saw each other was on-stage in fucking Dublin. And what I thought was really fucking cheesy was at the end of Acquiesce [Noel's paean to their fraternal bond], he comes out and fucking puts out his hand, knowing full well that I'm not going to go (whips hand away in spiteful playground fashion). The world media is watching, our mum's in the crowd, and he comes over and shakes hands and that was the big fucking defining moment of the tour. I just thought, Fucking hello...

MOJO Magazine "We're Sticking Together" - The Full Story [page 2] | January 2001 Written by Pat Gilbert

[flo-zoinks]

Not sure When you'll be back (you're dearly missed, hope your exams go well 🥺) Just a random idea I had and wanted to know if you could maybe probably do Hcs on rdr1 characters being asked out by someone who is s rizzler or smth like they are good at flirting. (You GOTTA add Allende.)

(Posting things I left in my drafts)

John - HES LOYAL TO A T IN RDR1. Man would immediately bring up his wife but firstly look at little surprised at the act

Marshall - he’s a widow, so would most likely turn anything down saying it’s in bad to get into relations with his all-consuming job of managing hellhole Armadillo. That’s not saying he’s not interested though

Irish - (are you sure???) you don’t need any lines, he immediately suggests going at it in some semi-public area, with him being most likely drunk. Would make creepy comments back and ask you some freaky ahh questions 😟

Nigel - believes himself to be a romantic, so would try he gentlemanly in taking you somewhere very very cheap, but ends up trying to sell you something midway through. Doesn’t understand why that’s a turn-off

Bonnie - this is very dependent on who you are. If she likes you back as a person, she’d be hesitant to agree, yet strict it mustn’t take away too much of her time at the ranch. If not, she’d keep a straight face and say this act isn’t new, shooing you away

Seth - you’re too lively for him man (get it LIVEly). Says he doesn’t like people who talk to much but wants to skip all romantic activities and onto a sexual encounter within a grave.

De Santa (Male) - he’d prolly blush , then attempt to be romantic in private, but still would try to skip straight to a sex as to try regain his sense of masculinity. In public however he lamely hides his fluster with surprise. But he’s not thinking straight for a while after

De Santa (Female) - would also try to skip to sex insisting a woman shouldn’t be doing all that, then would forget about you after. He is not turned on by your flirting, but he chooses to think oherwise

Abraham - you asking HIM out? It’s obvious you’re “head over heels IN LOVE with him”, as the benevolent future leader. He’ll read a copy pasted poem, serenade to a girl called Mariela (not you!), then ask if you’d want a three way. However he makes a point to find you again if he actually really likes you, and you’re not poor. That being, for sex or ego gratification only.

Luisa - tells you she is loyal to Abraham, that their Monogamy is sacred and love filled.

Landon Ricketts - makes a comment on how he’s too old for you, then forces you to listen to his Wild West glory stories about women

Rdr1 Dutch - yeah no predicting icl but probably if you’re young enough go at it then kill you

Rdr1 Javier - I think this guys kind of depressed, but he’d be flattered, however reject you as he believes you are lying about ever wanting to go out with him

Ross - says he’s married, but openly flirts back and accepts until you bore him

McDougal - accepts you on a date whilst simultaneously running a test of the effects of cocaine on sexual activity

1911 Jack - high honour would reluctantly accept but self sabotage any date, low honour would make a creepy comment and attempt to go straight to bed while saying you won’t wanna be mixed up with a guy like him

Abigail - flattered, but would politely tell you she’s married. Tells John to watch himself though as he’s got competition (she’s only joking)

Uncle - (really?) gets egotistical, and takes you out. Can’t imagine it’s a nice date..but.. shows off to John

Herbert Moon - if you’re not a Catholic, British, homosexual, Mexican, Cuban, Middle Eastern, East Asian, African, Caribbean, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Mediterranean, Indian, Russian, Central European, Canadian, South American, Agnostic, immigrant then he’d take you out

Allende - add you to his roster of many many women. He’d probably try some pick-up lines, maybe even a small romantic gesture, but he has a little intention of anything long term unless he really likes you. That’s not 0 though. (You’d be fighting off de Santa)

ARE YOU THE PERSON A WHILE AGO WHO TOLD ME THEY LOVED ALLENDE FOR HIS MUSTOUCHE? (I actually forgot how to spell it completely) 😭😭 it’s alr this a safe space

Thanks for asking me!!! (Months ago……) it got lost in my drafts when I planned to go over Bonnie’s speech to see what she said ab suitors again. Sorry 😔. Thank you!

[fireangel]

hello. I have sent this ask to another NZ blog as well but I would greatly appreciate you answering too as I am trying to get multiple people's opinions.

i might have the opportunity to move to NZ. with everything going on in the US I am really scared about Trump and am thinking about taking it but I wanted to ask you about your current ruling party. It seems like they are maybe rightwinng and kind of like the US Republican party are trying to gchange the government to give themselves more power which makes me fear they are another russia back antidemocratwic party like the GOP. do you think this is true ad that democracy is in danger in NZ? Are they popular? Do you think NZ will remain a democracy in the future?

Hello anon,

I'm going to be honest things are a little unsturdy at the moment

Our current ruling party formed a coalition with two other parties but thanks to the vigilance of the New Zealand people (politics is a very common discussion in this country and we don't shy away from it nor our opinions on it) we have managed to uncover the links between particular members of the coalition (the ruling parties) and the Atlas network lobby

It's worth noting that the current ruling government did not win by popular vote and had to form and alliance with two other parties to secure the ruling position

We have very good reason to believe it is related directly to project 2025 and that their reason for doing so is to gain access to drilling for oil in our Territory

There is currently more oil under New Zealand's Territory both land and sea then there is in Saudi Arabia

You may want to familiarise yourself with the geology of gas and oil fields ( we have one of the largest gas fields in the world - the Maui) but natural gas is normally a pocket at the very top of a very large deposit of oil and there is far less gas than there is oil

Here's a little tidbit for you: the official story is that there was a venture made by petroleum companies in order to discover it - technically a farmer on the central plateau found some of his cattle poisoned and got some environmental guys to come and check what was happening turns out what was in his pond was crude oil. How do I know this? The guy that went to the farm to verify it is my father's second cousin.......

Anyway the government of the time covered it up and ensured that oil would not be able to be drilled on New Zealand land so they started exploring out at sea

Back to the political situation

The coalition is made up of three parties which are all to some degree right wing, some more than others

Since being elected they have managed to make themselves the most unpopular people in the entire country.........

Sufficed to say due to the fact that speaking openly about politics in this country is a fairly normal everyday event we have managed to put enough public pressure on the government to back down on several things and many institutions such as universities who have self-governance have defended their positions publicly, others have done it in more subtle ways

For example they defunded Te Reo Maori language education and in response the New Zealand public maxed out bookings in Maori language classes all over the country..........

Our democracy is currently under threat from foreign interference and we are well aware of the consequences of backing down

I can assure you that the New Zealand public will not be doing so under any circumstances, maybe we get that from our Irish ancestors 🤷‍♀️

Personally I think it comes from having been ruled by the British and having our economy intentionally tanked after we removed their influence from indirect power over our government in the 60- 70's right after oil was first discovered in New Zealand which we then insured would not be able to be drilled for on land, having had the French committed terrorist act on our soil by sinking the rainbow warrior, and previously telling the US that they were bullies and vehemently opposing nuclear power which ultimately resulted in a ban of the technology and a freeze out of communal military action and support...........

We understand what it is to be a target of people who feel they are "superior" than you, and by we I mean boomers right down to millennials, our Gen z are currently experiencing their first event but I can imagine that their parents are passing on the stories of the past

They may be the ruling parties in government for now but I can guarantee you that next election they will be voted out vehemently

They are currently planning to attempt to undermine one of our founding documents the treaty of waitangi

This document is a very complicated piece of our history to say the least and due to breaches of that contract we are one of the few countries that have ever paid reparations in terms of the returning of land and money

The treaty guarantees certain rights and the treaties principles bill is basically an attempt to rewrite one of the articles

Imagine someone attempting to rewrite part of the US Constitution - that's how big of a deal it is......

Unfortunately the way our government is set up means it does not rule over the country, it is designed to be in service of it with many checks and balances which is what has prevented many of the things this ruling party has attempted to do

I will simplify it by stating that even the ruling government party can be prosecuted if they attempt to break the law

Attempts to put through policy that undermines statutory laws will be prevented by our national law society, the Human rights commission has issued warnings to the government, as has the sitting waitangi tribunal council

We are lucky that here our journalists have been doing the exact job they should have been

Do I believe our country will remain a democracy?

We have had anti-corruption legislation and the necessary checks in place for a very long time after watching how it happens in other countries and ensuring it couldn't happen here

They can try, but we will not go quietly and we'll take them down with us if necessary

[sea-owl]

So I know I've said before that I headcanon that the Featheringtons Irish side comes from Portia. I also headcanon that she socially married up where Lord Featherington had the title and she had the money. Most likely being a rich merchant's daughter, so she's new to the aristocratic scene. She also had some sort of vibe to her that I could never place my finger on.

Then I was rewatching some clips and one that always stuck out to me was when Portia takes Marina to the bad side of town as kind of like a scare straight tactic saying hey here's what's going to happen if you don't do something about your situation. That scene kind of gave off the vibes that Portia has personal experience with it.

It wasn't until I was visiting my Mexican American grandmother and all her siblings that I realized why Portia kind of gave off familiar vibes to me. Portia, at least to me kinda gives off Catholic mom vibes.

If that was to be her background of an Irish Catholic woman or even a catholic woman in general who married up than I can see why she would constantly be in survival mode like she is on the show and her need to keep up appearances like another member of the ton.

Catholics had been persecuted in England, and that's not even getting into the mess of British and Irish political relations, for over a good 200 years by the time we hit the Regency era with some relief from James the 2nd who had a catholic wife but he was honestly an anomaly. And in 1689 parliament banned any future monarchs or their spouses from being catholic, which was reinforced in 1701 with the Act of Settlemant. George the 3rd, the king we see on the show, was known to actively reject catholic relief bills. It wasn't until the late 1700s that catholics could own land or inheirt land or join the army. And even longer, in 1791-93 when they could practice their religion without fear of persecution. Being to hold any political power wasn't a thing until The Roman Catholic Relief Act of 1829.

Interreligious marriages weren't really looked favorable either but a catholic wife with a protestant husband was tolerated more but the kids had to be raised protestant. I could pot see a catholic wife being quiet about her religious background if it meant her survival.

But anyway back to what I was saying there is enough in the show that I could see this being a thing or something to have fun with as an idea. A Portia who is trying to survive so she marries out of her religion, marries up socially, and now she's doing everything in her power to keep make sure her position is secured. We could also apply this to Penelope with her writings and her jabs at the monarchy if this is her family history. I can see Portia also doing these kinds of warnings that she did to Marina on a smaller scale too throughout the girls' lives to make sure they stay on the path she's trying to lay out for them. After all it wasn't that long ago and society more than likely still sees catholics as second class citizens.

Now, do I expect anything like this from the show? No. It's a historical romance fantasy show, and I don't see them diving into something like this. Plus, Portia is meant to serve as a foil to Violet. It's a fun idea to play around with and could potentially explain some of Portia's actions. I do kinda hope we dive a little more in Penelope's family history as we watch her and Portia's dynamics shift and change.

[sexyirish7]

The Irish Rebellion of 1798 Set

This set includes 11 portraits related to the Irish Rebellion of 1798. A companion release to this set is my Irish Pike Set. You may pick and choose which items you would like within the zip file.

DOWNLOAD for FREE: SFS

OR at Patreon*

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The Irish Rebellion of 1798 (23 May to 8 September 1798)

This rebellion was led by the underground republican group the Society of United Irishmen, inspired by the French Revolution of 1789 and the American Revolution (1775-1783) and promoting the ideals of democracy, civil rights, preservation and practice of Irish culture, and abolition of slavery.

While ultimately a failure that led to deeper sectarian divide and punitive measures by the British government, the ideals that inspired this revolution continued to percolate among the Irish and continued to inspire future revolutionary movements in the name of gaining independence of Ireland.

“To unite Protestant, Catholic and Dissenter under the common name of Irishmen in order to break the connection with England, the never failing source of all our political evils, that was my aim.” Theobald Wolfe Tone

Creations by SexyIrish7

This cc object was produced as a selective clone using Sims 4 Studio.

Set contains the following:

United Irishmen of 1798: The Society of United Irishmen was founded in Belfast in 1791. Its aim was to unite Irishmen, regardless of religion, in pursuit of political reform. It was initially an open and constitutional society but in the backlash against Radicalism that followed the French Revolution, it was formally suppressed in 1794. This provoked a more militant republicanism which began to ally itself with growing rural unrest. A rebellion erupted in the summer of 1798, timed to coincide with a French invasion on the west coast, but it was unsuccessful. Many of the patriots pictured here, including the Romantic hero Robert Emmett, were found guilty of treason or forced to flee abroad.

Pictured from Left to Right: Samuel Neilson, Michael Dwyer, John Sheares, William Corbet, Arthur O'Connor, Archibald Hamilton Rowan, William Jackson, William James Macneven, Matthew Teeling, Robert Emmet, Henry Sheares, Theobald Wolfe Tone, James Napper Tandy, Thomas Addis Emmet, James Hope, Henry Joy MacCracken, Thomas Russell, Lord Edward Fitzgerald

Bastille Day Parade in Belfast: Reproduction of early nineteenth print depicting the 1791 Bastille Day celebration in Belfast, discussed in the entry for "Society of United Irishmen" (1803)

Vinegar Hill in Wexford: Etching from History of the Irish Rebellion in 1798 by W.H. Maxwell.

Drawn by George Cruikshank, 1854. This Sketch depicts Catholic Priest Father John Murphy rallying United Irishmen rebels on 21 June 1798 at Vinegar Hill, Enniscorthy, County Wexford. Approximately 10,000 Irishmen fought approximately 16,000 British troops in one of the final battles of the 1798 rebellion. The Irishmen were armed with mostly pikes. Father Murphy was executed by the British on 2 July 1798.

Polygon count: 494

An Argument for Catholics: In "An Argument on Behalf of the Catholics of Ireland," Theobald Wolfe Tone argued that Catholics deserved representation and right to vote. At that time, of the 4 million population of Ireland, 3 million were Catholic and not represented politically, nor were they entitled to the same rights that the Protestants had. This pamphlet was published in 1791. Link to book: https://books.google.ie/books?id=7dY9AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

Polygon count: 50

Seal of the United Irishmen: The Seal of the United Irishmen, designed by Robert Emmet. The seal reads: Equality It is new strung and shall be heard"

Polygon count: 62

Henry Joy McCracken: Henry Joy McCracken was one of the founding members of the United Irishmen. McCracken led the rebels in the north of Ireland. McCracken was captured and executed by hanging on 17 July 1798.

James Napper Tandy: James Napper Tandy was one of the founding leaders of the United Irishmen. Tandy traveled to America and France, ultimately recruiting a small French force to assist in the 1798 rebellion. However, upon arrival in Donegal, Tandy learned of the rebellion's failure and retreated to France.

Samuel Neilson: Samuel Neilson was one of the founding leaders of the United Irishmen. He was the founder of the Belfast newspaper the "Northern Star" in 1792. This was the newspaper of the Society of United Irishmen where the ideals of democracy and civil rights were published. He was subsequently arrested in 1797 and the newspaper was suppressed by authorities. He was in jail at the time of the rebellion and was exiled at the time of his release. He moved to the United States where he died in 1803.

Thomas Russell: Thomas Paliser Russell was one of the founding members of the United Irishmen. He was active in recruitment and organization ahead of the 1798 rebellion. He was arrested before the rebellion began and executed in 1803.

William Drennan: Dr. William Drennan was one of the founding members of the United Irishmen in Belfast and Dublin. A physician and writer, he authored the "test" (oath) for the United Irishmen. Following the 1798 rebellion, Drennan continued to write and advocate for the ideals of the rebellion, mainly equality, democracy, and civil rights. He died in 1820.

Theobald Wolfe Tone: Wolfe Tone is perhaps the most commonly known leader of the United Irishmen. Not only one of the founding leaders, he was a driving force behind the rebellion. He led French forces in County Donegal during the 1798 rebellion. Following his capture, Wolfe Tone committed suicide hours before his scheduled execution.

Polygon Count: 94

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Software credits:

Sims 4 Studio v. 3.2.3.5 (Star): https://sims4studio.com

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Thank you to the creators and moderators producing tutorials and answering questions!

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Image Credits:

United Irishmen of 1798: Artist: Selig Lipschitz (1834-1894) chromolithograph with additional hand-colouring, late 19th century, National Portrait Gallery, London

https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw17139/The-United-Irish-Patriots-of-1798

Bastille Day Parade in Belfast Image credits: John Carey, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bastille-day-belfast-1791.jpg

Vinegar Hill in Wexford Image credit: https://www.amrevmuseum.org/virtualexhibits/cost-of-revolution/pages/united-irishmen-father-michael-murphy 

An Argument for Catholics Image Credits:

Picture of Theobald Wolfe Tone: https://www.theirishstory.com/2017/10/28/the-1798-rebellion-a-brief-overview/theobald_wolfe_tone_projectgutenberg_13112/

Original booklet cover of An Argument on Behalf of the Catholics of Ireland: https://www.whytes.ie/art/tone-theobald-wolfe-an-argument-on-behalf-of-the-catholics-of-ireland/149157/

Seal of the United Irishmen Image Credit: https://irishpubemporium.com/product/the-united-irishmen-of-1798-copy/

Henry Joy McCracken: Painted by Sarah Cecilia Harrison 1926

Oil on Canvas © National Museums NI Collection Ulster Museum

https://www.amrevmuseum.org/virtualexhibits/cost-of-revolution/pages/united-irishmen-henry-joy-mccracken

James Napper Tandy: Oil on Canvas Painting by unidentified artist in late 1700s.

National Gallery of Ireland, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Napper_Tandy

Samuel Neilson: Reproduction of a work by Charles Byrne. The reproducing artist is unknown., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Neilson

Thomas Russell: Drawing of Thomas Paliser Russell. Artist Unknown.

Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Russell_(rebel)

William Drennan: Portrait of Dr. William Drennan painted by Robert Hope in 1790.

Image credits: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Drennan

Theobald Wolfe Tone: Artist Unknown. Oil on canvas. National Gallery of Ireland

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Theobald_Wolfe_Tone.PNG

*******

TOU:

Do not re-upload and claim as your own

Do not re-upload and hide behind a paywall

[proseotube]

British police evaluate footage of Glastonbury’s conduct over anti-Israel chant CNN – British police say they are reviewing comments made on stage by rappunk duo Bob Billan and hip-hop trioy cap at this year’s Glastonbury Festival. Rapper Bobby Villain appeared on the festival’s third largest Westholz stage on Saturday, yelling “Free and Free Palestine” before leading the crowd to lead a chant against the Israeli army. The video showed the rapper screaming at the microphone. “Importantly, have you ever heard of this? The artist also performed in front of a screen that read, “The United Nations calls it genocide, the BBC calls it ‘conflict’.” The British Israeli Embassy said it was ���deeply disturbed” at the festival by what was called “inflammatory and hateful” rhetoric. When chants such as “Death to IDF” were spoken in front of tens of thousands of festival attendees, he said that “stimulating serious concerns about the normalization of extremist language and the glory of violence.” “We are calling on organizers, artists and public leaders of the Glastonbury Festival in the UK to condemn this rhetoric and rejection of all forms of hatred,” he added. The Glastonbury Festival said in a statement “applauseful” with Vylan’s comments. “Their chants are crossing so many lines and we are an urgent reminder to everyone involved in the production of the festival that Glastonbury has no place for anti-Semitism, hate speech or incitement to violence,” the organizers said. Prior to the five-day music festival, all eyes were in the Irish hip-hop trio knee-related. Band member Liam O’Hanna was charged with a terrorist crime last month after an investigation by London Metropolitan Police. The charges he denied were linked to a London gig in November 2024, and he allegedly posted the flag of Hezbollah, a prohibited terrorist organization prohibited by British law. Before the festival at Worthy Farm, British Prime Minister Kielstarmer said he did not think the group would be “not appropriate” to perform. Knecap was a critic of the voices of Israel’s war in Gaza, but said he had never supported Hamas or Hezbollah before. During the set, Mo Chara told the crowd that recent events were “stressing” but nothing compared to what the Palestinians are experiencing. Kneecap rapper Naoise o Caireallain, held under the stage name Móglaíbap, returned to Starmer’s comments on Saturday’s set. Referring to future court dates for his bandmates, O Caireallain also said he would “will riot outside the court.” Police in Somerset, where the festival was held, said the unit was “aware of comments made by the act,” and that “the video evidence will be assessed by officers to determine whether a crime that requires a criminal investigation has been committed.” British health secretary Wes Streeting denounced the performance as “terrifying” in an interview with Sky News on Sunday morning. He said the BBC and Glastonbury, who will broadcast the set live, “we have questions that will answer.” A BBC spokesperson said some of the comments made during Vylan’s performance were “deeply offensive,” adding that there are no plans to make performance available on demand through the iPlayer streaming platform. The post British police evaluate footage of Glastonbury’s conduct over anti-Israel chant appeared first on US-NEA. Tags and categories: World News via WordPress https://ift.tt/6XJ9sxf June 29, 2025 at 02:44PM

[24worldnewsnet]

What is the future of the French ID scheme?Manche Iles Express runs day trip services from France to Jersey, Guernsey and AlderneyThousands of passengers visiting the Channel Islands from France have used a scheme allowing them to use their national ID instead of a passport to cross the border.However, the future of the scheme could be in doubt after the UK government brought in new rules for non-British or Irish nationals needing an Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) when they arrive.Jersey and Guernsey's governments have both said they want the French ID scheme to continue, but would work with the UK on the issue.French passengers on day trips to Jersey, Guernsey or Alderney can use their national ID to enter the islands under the schemeThe scheme began in 2023 in response to a fall in day trippers from France.Following Brexit, rules meant visitors from outside the Common Travel Area (CTA) - an agreement between the governments of the UK, Jersey, Guernsey, Isle of Man and Ireland - had to show their passports upon arrival.In February 2023, French authorities said they would stop funding a ferry service to Jersey unless an agreement could be reached on travel documents, as it was difficult for many French nationals who might not possess a passport.The Manche Iles Express Ferry, which is partially funded by the Manche Département to run services between France and the Channel Islands, said it was losing money due to the post-Brexit changes.Guernsey's government said the changes had also hampered the island's tourism market and the scheme was launched to help address the issue.DFDS operates day trips between Jersey and St MaloUpon arrival at an approved port, French nationals can show their national ID cards if they are visiting the islands for a day trip.Manche Iles Express has day trip routes available from Granville, Barneville-Carteret and Diélette to Jersey, Guernsey and Alderney.Brittany Ferries runs a day trip services between France and Guernsey while DFDS operates a Jersey to St Malo crossing.The States of Guernsey said the scheme had been designed to be easy to police as officials could see if the French national had booked return travel on the same day.What form of ID is allowed to be used?Only one - a French national ID card.The card has details including the holder's name and address along with a passport style photograph of them and are normally valid for 10 years.Any other form of ID such as a driver's licence is not valid under the scheme, said the States of Guernsey.The States said the scheme was reviewed annually and, if renewed, was done so in September.Jersey's States Assembly also reviews the scheme annually.On 4 June, the assembly unanimously approved a proposition to continue the scheme for French day trippers to the island.How popular is the scheme?Figures from Manche Iles Express show the number of French who have used their national ID to visit the Channel Islands for a day trip has grown since 2023.The figures from the company showed the number of day trip passengers who used their national ID:Separate figures from the States of Guernsey showed 3,536 of the 10,381 French passengers from 28 March to 6 June who visited the island for a day trip had used their national ID card.What is the future of the scheme?There have been concerns following the introduction of the ETA scheme.On 2 April, new rules came into force which required most tourists to have an ETA before getting to the UK border.Jersey's Home Affairs Minister Deputy Mary Le Hegarat said the States had received a letter from the UK government which had raised concerns with the scheme. The BBC has requested a copy of the letter.Le Hegarat said: "We will be speaking to the UK again about the matter in person, I will go with the external relations minister so we can have those discussions about Jersey's economy and our tourist industry and how we move forward, because it is important we do that."It's critical for us to manage our economy and I'm hoping that the UK can see the evidence from th

[whencyclopedia]

Anthony Wayne

Anthony Wayne (1745-1796), better known by his nickname 'Mad Anthony', was a brigadier general of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). After the war, he briefly served in Congress before resuming his military career, winning a victory over a coalition of Native American nations at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Born in Pennsylvania to a family of Irish immigrants, Wayne worked as a land surveyor before joining the Continental Army in 1776. Within a year, he had become a brigadier general, serving with distinction in the Philadelphia Campaign. His finest moment came in July 1779, when he led a nighttime raid against the British garrison at Stony Point, New York, capturing the fort even after sustaining a bullet wound to the head. After the American Revolution, Wayne won election to the House of Representatives as a member of the Federalist Party, working to help strengthen the authority of the federal government. In 1792, he became Senior Army Officer and defeated the Northwestern Confederacy of Native American nations that were contesting the United States' control of the Northwest Territory (modern Ohio). Wayne died shortly after his victory at Fallen Timbers on 15 December 1796, at the age of 51.

Early Life

Anthony Wayne was born on 1 January 1745 at his family's estate of Waynesborough in Easttown, Pennsylvania. He came from a family of Irish Protestants, and his grandfather had fought for the Williamites at the Battle of the Boyne (1 July 1690). In the early 1700s, the Wayne family emigrated from Ireland to the British colony of Pennsylvania, where Anthony's father, Isaac Wayne, found work as a tanner; over the decades, his tannery became the largest in Pennsylvania. In 1739, at the age of 40, Isaac Wayne married Elizabeth Iddings. The couple would have four children, of whom Anthony was the eldest. During the French and Indian War (1754-1763), Isaac served as a captain and raised a company of provincial soldiers. He participated in the 1758 Forbes Expedition to capture Fort Duquesne, in which he served alongside a young Colonel George Washington.

Growing up, Anthony Wayne was expected to inherit the 500-acre Waynesborough and work the fields as a farmer. But Wayne had other plans for his future; having listened to heroic tales of his grandfather's and father's military service as a child, the young Anthony dreamt of winning military glory himself. An insatiable reader, Wayne read all the military histories and classical works he could get his hands on and was soon able to recite both Julius Caesar and William Shakespeare. After completing his education at the College of Pennsylvania, Wayne became a land surveyor. In 1765, he and several of his associates were commissioned by Benjamin Franklin to survey 100,000 acres of land in Nova Scotia. After Wayne surveyed the land, which became the township of Monckton, it was settled by eleven Pennsylvania families of mostly German origin.

In 1763, Wayne married Mary Penrose. The couple had two children: a daughter Margarette (b. 1770) and a son, Isaac (b. 1772). Wayne and his growing family continued to live at Waynesborough, where he split his time between helping his father at the tannery and his own work as a surveyor. But, as relations between the Thirteen Colonies and Great Britain continued to deteriorate, Wayne found that he was being drawn toward the Patriot movement, which opposed the 'unjust' policies of the British Parliament such as taxation without colonial representation. In 1775, a year after the death of his father, Wayne was nominated to the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety, a shadow government run by American revolutionaries; on this committee, he served alongside prominent Patriot leaders like Benjamin Franklin and John Dickinson.

In this position, Wayne became increasingly radical in his disdain for the British, leading his primarily Quaker constituents to remove him from the committee in October, for fear that he had become too war hawkish. By now, the American Revolutionary War was underway and rapidly escalating. With his brief foray into politics over, Wayne could now follow his childhood dream and enter the military.

Continue reading...

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 3.7

161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Coblenz in the presence of the papal legate Theodwin. 1277 – The University of Paris issues the last in a series of condemnations of various philosophical and theological theses. 1573 – A peace treaty is signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice, ending the Ottoman–Venetian War and leaving Cyprus in Ottoman hands. 1799 – Napoleon Bonaparte captures Jaffa in Palestine and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives. 1814 – Emperor Napoleon I of France wins the Battle of Craonne. 1826 – Shrigley abduction: 15-year old Ellen Turner is abducted by Edward Gibbon Wakefield, a future figure in the establishment of colonies in South Australia and New Zealand. 1850 – Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech endorsing the Compromise of 1850 in order to prevent a possible civil war. 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for an invention he calls the "telephone". 1902 – Second Boer War: Boers, led by Koos de la Rey, defeat the British at the Battle of Tweebosch. 1921 – The short-lived socialist Labin Republic is proclaimed. 1931 – The Parliament House of Finland is officially inaugurated in Helsinki, Finland. 1941 – Günther Prien and the crew of German submarine U-47, one of the most successful U-boats of World War II, disappear without a trace. 1951 – Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 307 crashes in Lynnhurst, Minneapolis, killing 15 people. 1951 – Korean War: Operation Ripper: United Nations troops led by General Matthew Ridgway begin an assault against Chinese forces. 1951 – Iranian prime minister Ali Razmara is assassinated by Khalil Tahmasebi, a member of the Islamic fundamentalist Fada'iyan-e Islam, outside a mosque in Tehran. 1965 – Bloody Sunday: A group of 600 civil rights marchers are brutally attacked by state and local police in Selma, Alabama. 1965 – Aeroflot Flight 542 crashes in the Yermakovsky District, killing all 31 aboard. 1986 – Challenger Disaster: Divers from the USS Preserver locate the crew cabin of Challenger on the ocean floor. 1987 – Lieyu massacre: Taiwanese military massacre of 19 unarmed Vietnamese refugees at Donggang, Lieyu, Kinmen. 1989 – Iran and the United Kingdom break diplomatic relations after a fight over Salman Rushdie and his controversial novel, The Satanic Verses. 1993 – The tugboat Thomas Hebert sank off the coast of New Jersey, USA. 2006 – The terrorist organisation Lashkar-e-Taiba coordinates a series of bombings in Varanasi, India. 2007 – Reform of the House of Lords: The British House of Commons votes to make the upper chamber, the House of Lords, 100% elected. 2007 – Garuda Indonesia Flight 200 crashes at Adisutjipto International Airport in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, killing 21 people. 2009 – The Real Irish Republican Army kills two British soldiers and injures two other soldiers and two civilians at Massereene Barracks, the first British military deaths in Northern Ireland since the end of The Troubles. 2021 – At least 108 die and 615 are injured in the 2021 Bata explosions in Bata, Equatorial Guinea. 2024 – Sweden officially joins NATO, becoming its 32nd member. 2024– Hannah Gutierrez-Reed is found guilty of involuntary manslaughter in the death of Halyna Hutchins on the set of the movie Rust, the first time someone has been found guilty for causing a death on a movie set.

[everythingkashmir]

Kashmir lessons from Northern Ireland peace process

By Faisul Yaseen

Sean Murray and Muhammad Yasin Malik are similar yet different.

A former member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army, Murray was jailed for 12 years for explosive offences in 1982.

Today, he is a senior member of Sinn Fein and an Irish Republican from Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Like Murray, Malik, the chairman of Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), a pro-independence armed group in Kashmir, renounced violence in 1994 and took a plunge into separatist politics. However, unlike Murray, he remains imprisoned at New Delhi’s Tihar Jail and was awarded life sentence by India’s National Investigation Agency (NIA) court.

In an interview in Belfast, Murray said that the transition from the armed conflict to the political conflict in Northern Ireland was difficult.

“British government was reluctant but the Irish diaspora and the US helped pave the way to the Good Friday Agreement that gave us the political structure,” he said. “The Good Friday Agreement was a breakthrough although there still are issues.”

Murray said that the Police and the criminal justice system that were earlier seen as extensions of unionism had improved.

On whether there was any chance of people in Northern Ireland taking up arms again, he said, “Not in the foreseeable future.”

Murray though was quick to add that when they launched an armed rebellion, it was the “right thing to do.”

He said that having British soldiers on Northern Ireland streets would be a disaster.

“I have seen friends in graveyards. I have had sleepless nights. To every action there is a reaction. No one explains the fear of the conflict, the fear that you are going to die,” Murray said.

Like him, Malik too saw most of his JKLF members killed, but ironically after renouncing violence.

Similarities and Dissimilarities

There are various similarities between the Northern Ireland and the Kashmir conflict but the way Britain and India have dealt with the two conflicts does not derive any parallels.

While Britain responded to the violence perpetuated by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) with the devolution of more powers to Northern Ireland, New Delhi reacted to the armed insurgency in Kashmir with the abrogation of its semi-autonomous status.

The Troubles led to the Good Friday Agreement of 10 April 1998, and the St Andrews Agreement of 13 October 2006 but would Kashmir insurgency similarly shift from a violent means to a peaceful dialogue process, leading to some sort of resolution, remains to be seen.

Salil Tripathi in his opinion piece ‘Where the Irish and Kashmiri stories converge and diverge’ for the ‘The Mint’ writes, “Northern Ireland elects its own first minister and there is significant devolution of power (not unlike the spirit of Article 370), and governments are formed based on power-sharing.

“In Northern Ireland, former first ministers are not under house arrest without being charged; the internet has not been shut down; troops are not marching and the streets not deserted; and nobody – not Catholic revellers, nor Protestants marching provocatively during the season - fear being shot at by pellet guns and getting blinded.”

Kashmir Conflict

If Shakespearean drama Hamlet were to be about India-Pakistan relations, the Prince of Denmark has to be Kashmir.

The north-Indian region of Kashmir has been a bone of contention between India and Pakistan since 1947 and people of Kashmir have borne the brunt of this conflict for the past seven and a half decades.

Since late 1980s, the conflict has turned uglier with human rights organisations putting the number of people killed at 70,000, many more thousands wounded, over 8500 subjected to enforced disappearances, hundreds of women raped, and thousands of children orphaned.

Intermittently, in the past, there have been efforts to foster friendly relations between New Delhi and Islamabad, and also between New Delhi and Kashmir, but, of late, there have not been any major peace and reconciliation efforts. For the past over 10 years, New Delhi has been dealing Kashmir with an iron fist with policies like ‘Operation All-Out’ against the local insurgents and clamping down on the separatist groups.

With the focus shifting from developmental activities to anti-militant and anti-separatist activities, the governance has taken a hit.

Kashmir for Northern Ireland-type Resolution

In Kashmir, both the pro-India as well as the pro-independence leadership has called for the resolution of the Kashmir issue on the pattern of Northern Ireland.

Three-time chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Farooq Abdullah pitched for the resolution of the Kashmir issue on the model of Good Friday Agreement.

“Like Northern Ireland, the only roadmap forward is two Kashmirs with an easy border and autonomy,” Business Standard quoted him as saying during a discussion organised by South Asia Institute at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London.

“Kashmir can be solved if both the nuclear powers – India and Pakistan - realise that whatever solution has to emerge, everybody will not accept it,” he said.

Abdullah’s archrival in politics and Kashmir’s head priest, Mirwaiz Umar Farooq, who heads the All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC), a conglomerate of various Kashmiri separatist groups, in an interview to Reuters said, “I think Kashmir and Northern Ireland do have similarities – the fact that it’s the will of the people to be their own masters and not under the hegemony of one party or the other.

 “If you look at Northern Ireland, it has moved from confrontation to cooperation. That is what we have to do.”

Not only in Kashmir, the Northern Ireland conflict resolution process has also found takers in Pakistan.

Pakistan’s former human rights minister, Shireen Mazari also proposed the Northern Ireland model as a possible solution to “Kashmir dispute”.

At a webinar organised by Islamabad Policy Institute, a prominent think tank of Pakistan, Mazari said, “Pursuing the model of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998 brought together all parties to the conflict in Northern Ireland and ended decades of violence. The Northern Ireland model can be a possible approach to resolving the Kashmir dispute.”

Abrogation of Article 370

On 5 August 2019, Government of India (GoI) decided to annex the semi-autonomous Kashmir region while abrogating Article 370 of the Indian constitution.

For over a year, people did not have access to the internet.

The academic activity in schools, colleges, and universities suffered with students unable to attend the classes due to undeclared curfew, shutdowns, and a civil disobedience movement against New Delhi’s unilateral decision of stripping the region of its special status.

The business activity in the region suffered a body blow with the Kashmir economy witnessing loss worth billions of Indian rupees.

GoI not only downgraded the status of the semi-autonomous region but also divided it into two union territories – the Muslim-majority Jammu and Kashmir, and the Buddhist-majority Ladakh, both controlled directly from New Delhi without any role of local governance.

The development of the region, the premise on which the GoI took this decision, is completely missing from Kashmir.

People of Kashmir believe that the real reason for abrogating the special status of the region is their distinct ethno-religious identity.

New Delhi’s decision of doing away with the special status of Kashmir has complicated the matters further with disenchantment spreading even among the pro-India political parties in the region.

Even three former chief ministers, Farooq Abdullah, Omar Abdullah, and Mehbooba Mufti remained in detention for around a year and have been placed under house arrest from time to time.

Issue of Identities

Clearly, India has not been able to handle its ethno-religious identities well.

Contrary to this, the United Kingdom seems to have handled the experiment of nationalities within in a better way.

While India stripped the special semi-autonomous status of Kashmir and is on a path of ‘Ek Vidan, Ek Pradan, Ek Nishan’ (One constitution, one state head, and one flag), democratic movements in the UK led to autonomy and devolution of powers.

Over the years, the UK has yielded benefits by allowing devolution of powers in Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales with democratic movements from the ground up. Time to time referendums have also been conducted.

The British way of dealing with the issue of nationalities within, devolution of powers, and autonomy has proved to be successful.

That the capital centres of London, Edinburg, Cardiff, and Belfast have come to co-exist in a four-country kingdom explains why “military might” should not be used to subdue a population and hold a region hostage.

The second half of the 20th century witnessed violence of the Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland and counter-violence.

However, the repercussions of hardline stances taken by the state as well as the population were damaging.

It is praiseworthy how, despite differences, each political party in the United Kingdom has people who stand for the devolution of powers and how their decisions are not driven by a fanatical minority.

The thinking has been that the people at large – the majority – should be consulted, but at the same time, the minority not forgotten.

In the Northern Ireland conflict, the players on both sides came to the negotiating table, saving thousands of lives in the process.

This is an approach that Kashmir also needs to adopt to save the region from a nuclear war, something that almost started after a 20-year-old Kashmiri youth, Adil Ahmad Dar rammed an explosive-laden vehicle into the convoy of the Indian paramilitary forces on 14 February 2019, killing 40 Indian soldiers.

With the warring factions adopting the hardline approach on Kashmir, the developmental activities of the region including healthcare and education have been hampered while people continue to get killed in the mindless violence every day.

As often the structural violence is government-induced, the Indian state has lost the Kashmir argument both on greed and grievance debate.

Peace a Process, Not an Event

Jonathan Powell, a central figure in the construction of Britain’s foreign policy under Tony Blair and his chief negotiator in the Northern Ireland peace talks in his book ‘Great Hatred, Little Room: Making Peace in Northern Ireland’ wrote that there was a craving for peace not just in Northern Ireland but Britain too that led the peace process forward.

“By the early 1980s, people on all sides in Northern Ireland were becoming weary of the cycle of blood, and the pointlessness of violence was clear. The IRA realised that they could not win militarily, and the British Army knew that, while it could keep a lid on violence ‘at an accepted level’, it could not win either. Everyone started to look for the exits.”

He stressed that the peace process was not a one-time thing but something that needed to be carried forward with planning and care.

“Breakthrough agreements are the beginning not the end of negotiations. Peace is a process, not an event,” Powell writes.

Powell’s words resonate among the people working on the peace process in Kashmir.

While states are very protective of their borders, most groups are not.

A British national, Tahir Aziz, who leads the work of Conciliation Resources on South Asia said that his organisation wants to “promote spaces” for the people to “think and talk”.

“We try to help people in Kashmir, India, and Pakistan find non-political ways to talk about things. People have been using media outlets and films to talk about the issues of governance and security,” he said.

Conciliation Resources started work on Kashmir in 2003-04 and by 2007, the organisation was spending money on practical exercises on either side of the Line of Control (LoC), the de facto border that divides Kashmir into the Indian and Pakistani administered parts.

By 2008, the Confidence Building Measures like the cross-LoC trade had started between India and Pakistan.

The trade continued even after the Mumbai attack of November 2008 in which 170 people were killed.

While holding the government to account these days is considered anti-national and anti-government while the act is labelled as treason, institutions play a key role in peace processes and the interaction of the people with these institutions plays an even greater role.

Aziz said that one of the main things that helped de-escalate violence in Northern Ireland was the police reforms.

Former Superintendent of Police and counter-terrorism expert, Ken Pennington could not agree more.

“Police have a plan, but militants have a cause. Sometimes violence is the only agency and criminalisation of violence doesn’t help. The state has a moral obligation to human rights,” he said. “Conflict isn’t black and white, but grey, murky, and moving. Folding a murdered colleague’s uniform has been the hardest thing for me.”

While the peace process finds many takers both in Northern Ireland and Britain, some sections feel the dice are loaded in favour of the Irish nationalists.

Tom Roberts, a former member of the pro-state Ulster Volunteer Force, who served 13 years in jail, said, “An Ireland at Sinn Fein terms isn’t acceptable. The Sinn Fein’s aggressive pursuit of constitutional change does not improve the situation.”

According to him, Northern Ireland was one of the most law-abiding societies till 1968.

“We couldn’t have risen as bad people one fine morning,” Roberts said.

Endless Peacekeeping Trap

The peaceniks have to be careful about the peace processes as peace building often witnesses fatigue.

Editor of Accord, Alexander Ramsbotham said that sometimes there is not a clash of historical facts but a clash of myths.

There is a phrase ‘Save Georgia from the Georgians’ but there is also another phrase, ‘a thoughtful person is worth a thousand fanatics,’” he said.

Peace processes often witness an increase in the number of proxy peace actors and conflict entrepreneurs, leading to wars within wars.

In the Balkans, Sudan, and Myanmar, the peace processes were pushed and hence did not last long.

On the other hand, the peacekeepers in the UN missions do not even leave their barracks, making the critiques of peace building weary of the endless peacekeeping trap.

They feel expressions of distrust, pessimism, and even cynicism about liberal peacebuilding have become common and they resent expatriates from imposing their ideas in a manner both disrespectful and humiliating.

The peace builders have to keep the balloon analogy of expanding space slowly and slowly in mind.

In Japan, when vases are broken, the broken parts are joined and the vases repaired with gold-coloured adhesive or even gold. In Cyprus, the sewerage system led to dialogue. The Srebrenica massacre happened just 26 years ago in an emancipated and educated Europe, making it all the more important for peacemakers to stay vigilant of the spoilers.

As conflicts are not frozen, peace processes cannot be frozen either.

A Difficult Love Story

While the people affected by conflicts want to reap the benefits of peace, there are also certain spoilers.

Director of Causeway Institute for Peacebuilding and Conflict Resolution International, Kingsley Donaldson said that both the Irish and the British were dreamers but some people on both sides wanted to rock the way.

“Our peace process is like calling time out. Brexit has not helped either. The politics of both Ireland and England affect us. There is absence of violence rather than presence of peace. We live on constructive ambiguity. Nothing is agreed until everything is agreed,” he said.

Donaldson calls for investing more in civil society in Northern Ireland.

“We were tending to our wounds. Today we are tending to our scars. We carry a grudge. However, there has been a transition in policing and justice, which are now much more reflective of society. The energy and engine of our past is shaping our future. After all, the British ran an empire without the internet and the telephones,” he said. “In Northern Ireland, we are in a very difficult love story.”

Women Power

Donaldson credits women for having stepped up and making the credible impact in the Northern Ireland peace process.

One such woman is Avila Kilmurray, the Migration and Peacebuilding Executive of the Social Change Initiative.

“Women at the grassroots in Northern Ireland refused to be sidelined and mobilised for the peace process. They had to be smart to know what happens after peace negotiations, what happens after a rollback, to ensure what happens in the implementation phase while sitting in the negotiations phase, and to tap the global network of people who could help them influence,” she said.

Like Kilmurray, Sara Cook, a social worker who worked on conflict response, peace building, and mediation in Northern Ireland, said, “When the British soldiers were in Northern Ireland, there was not much talk of peace. So, I worked with the wives of British soldiers and family members of the Irish Republican Army. We connected the families of the two together. That created an ‘I own it’ atmosphere. We also encouraged inter-generational discussions.”

The United Nations’ Resolution 1325 also calls for the role of women in peace processes.

Political and Religious Toxicity

While women played a positive role in the Northern Ireland peace process, religion and politics have often been toxic.

What do you do with the legacy of the past conflicts?

According to Reverend Gary Mason, who spent decades ministering to Protestant loyalists and Catholic nationalists during Northern Ireland’s conflict said that toxic politics and toxic religion has shaped the place for too long.

“The toxicity of memory will pass on from generation to generation. It was the words not the machines that created Auschwitz,” he said. “The state of politics actually reflects the state of our souls.”

Reverend Mason calls for addressing the structural problems leading to the killings instead of trying to stop the killings.

“Laws are important but laws can’t heal, facts are important but facts can’t heal,” he said.

Role of Media

There is a great proverb that until the lions have their own historians, the history of the hunt will always glorify the hunter.

The objectivity and partisanship of the media in reporting conflict plays an important role in how peace processes shape.

Jean Seaton in her book ‘Pinkoes and Traitors: The BBC and the nation 1974-1987’ writes about the Northern Ireland conflict and peace process.

Delving into how the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) reported the Northern Ireland conflict, she writes: “At the start, the BBC was unthinkingly on the side of order in Northern Ireland. Yet, the legitimacy of this order was contested and its exercise seen as unjust by the Catholic population. This was compounded by the situation the BBC faced in London. By 1976, Parliament and Labour and Conservative governments were more of less united in their approach to the crisis (although Labour was committed to a policy that Jonathan Powell, the then chief of staff for Tony Blair’s Labour government had to unpick eventually as a precondition of negotiations in the 1990s) while the ‘nation’, at least in Northern Ireland, spiraled into ever more monstrous division. The BBC was exposed because of this cross-party consensus in Westminster, which meant that any opposing views came from beyond the parliamentary system. It could look as if the BBC were encouraging them, yet was obliged to reflect the swelling disagreement on the ground in Northern Ireland. It appeared as if it was sponsoring opposition rather than reporting it. The Corporation is always in difficulty when an issue concerns the integrity of the British state, which the Troubles precisely did.”

By and large, the British media has covered the Northern Ireland conflict and peace process fairly objectively.

Laura Noonan in her article, ‘You have to be violent to be heard: Northern Ireland’s teens take to the streets’ for the Financial Times writes: “I grew up 200 miles south of Belfast. Northern Ireland’s grass is the same distinctive green as the fields of the Irish Republic where I spent my childhood. Its dramatic coastline evokes the same feeling as Connemara’s. Belfast has a zone of shiny, modern apartments and offices, the Titanic Quarter, not unlike Dublin’s Docklands. And yet, for all the familiarity, so much about Northern Ireland feels foreign.

“It’s not just the Union Jack flags that weave their way over and back across the Shankill Road, 15 minutes’ walk from Belfast’s main shopping street. It’s not the enormous murals of men in balaclavas holding automatic rifles, a sight that still unnerves me. It’s not the practicalities of a different currency, different road signs, and different speed limits. It’s more the sense of the place and my feeling of otherness within it.”

The US Role

Like the role of the media in highlighting the Northern Ireland conflict, the United States, particularly during the tenure of President Bill Clinton also played a positive role in the peace process between Northern Ireland and Britain.

Roger MacGinty in his article ‘American Influences in the Northern Ireland Peace Process’ for the Centre For Digital Scholarship’s UN Libraries Journal writes that traditionally, US government interest in Northern Ireland has been minimal, which makes the level and the extent of the interest shown during the peace process of the 1990s quite remarkable.

“A number of Irish-American entrepreneurs had become significant players in corporate America. They were also allies of Bill Clinton, and had been active in his 1992 presidential election campaign. They pressed Clinton to make a number of commitments on Ireland during his election campaign, and after his election, began briefing the White House on Ireland. In September 1993, the significance of this lobby was revealed when the IRA observed a seven day ceasefire to coincide with a fact finding visit made by a group of prominent Irish-Americans to Ireland. The most tangible sign of US interest in the peace process came with President Clinton’s visit to London, Belfast, Derry and Dublin in late November 1995. The visit was very much a celebration of the peace process,” he wrote in the journal.

Like Northern Ireland, people in Kashmir too have been craving for the US intervention for the resolution of the 77-year-old dispute. The call for US intervention in Muslim Kashmir is quite contrary to the rest of the Islamic world where the US intervention is often resented.

Navnita Chadha Behera in her report ‘Kashmir: Redefining the US role’ for the Brookings writes, “Beyond some public pronouncements addressing the popular aspirations of the Kashmiris, US policy has demonstrated little understanding of the multi-layered and complex nature of the Kashmir conflict.”

Tailpiece

Conflict sometimes is good but violence is not the solution.

In Uganda, a rebel group that fought for 30 years overthrew the government and is ruling the country now.

For peaceniks, recognising violent conflicts is more important than recognising political conflicts.

There is a need for public participation in the peace processes, a need to discourage competitive victimhood and encourage inclusive victimhood.

The different stakeholders in conflict need to be willing to waste time with each other rather than spending it.

In Kashmir, there is a realisation, “Kashmir is part of the world. The world is not part of Kashmir.”

There is a realisation that to save its next generations, its leaders need to shed the rhetorical flourish to engage the rival party in negotiations.

There is a realisation of being morally virtuous but not idealistic to head on a long-winded way to peace.

There is a realisation of learning from conflicts that were resolved or are heading toward resolutions, of taking lessons from peace processes like Northern Ireland.

However, there is also a realisation that Kashmir cannot keep waiting for the other side to make its move and that it needs to be proactive to make things happen.

Bryan Steveson in his TED Talk said, “When we get close, we hear things that can’t be heard from afar. We see things that can’t be seen. And sometimes that makes the difference between acting justly and unjustly.”

[marketresearchreportss]

Student Information System Market: Integration With Learning Management Systems

Student Information System Industry Overview

The global student information system market size was valued at USD 8.05 billion in 2022 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.3% from 2023 to 2030. The increasing digitalization in the education industry, growing inclination towards e-learning, and improving quality of education are contributing to the growth. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to drive the demand for Student Information System (SIS) due to the high demand for online education. As per the data published by UNESCO, 1.3 billion learners globally were unable to go to their educational institutes in March 2021 and needed online education to continue with the tuition for the academic year 2020 - 2021. The adoption of eLearning technologies gained traction during the COVID-19 outbreak and is expected to progressively increase post the pandemic to tackle a similar situation in the future.

Gather more insights about the market drivers, restrains and growth of the Student Information System Market

The market growth is also bolstered by the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), edge computing, and 5G telecommunication. The advanced student information systems essentially focus on analytics, mobile analytics, mobile applications, behavior tracking, and cloud accessibility. The explosion of connected mobile devices is facilitating the addition of numerous mobile apps for increased convenience for students and their parents. The ongoing trends like migration to the cloud and mobile accessibility are fostering the integration of artificial intelligence into these applications. Moreover, the growing emphasis of educational institutions on providing quality education and simplifying communication between faculty, students, and parents, for upgrading education infrastructure is expected to proliferate the use of SIS software and services.

Governments worldwide are investing aggressively in the education sector. Several educational institutions have already adopted Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), eLearning, and Learning Management Systems (LMS), to optimize internal processes while ensuring quality education, and improving the standard of education. Some are adopting SIS to effectively collaborate and communicate with students, parents, and faculties, to keep track of all the students, and to enable educators to generate educational content in line with the student's learning needs. For instance, in July 2021, Ellucian, an information technology service provider, announced the collaboration with The British and Irish Modern Music Institute (BIMM) Group, to utilize Ellucian Banner Student with Ellucian Managed Cloud, which is a student information system to support registration, advising, grading, enrolment, and course planning.

Several educational institutions/universities use student information solutions to analyze data such as student attendance, class performance, examination results, assessment scores, and other personal information of students. These solutions aid educational institutions in managing student-related data and other administrative operations. In the age of digitalization, the ubiquity of mobile devices, high internet penetration, and the use of social media platforms, make educational institutions also rise to the occasion. The unprecedented growth of online education is due to its greater flexibility, cost savings, and convenience compared to conventional classroom learning. For instance, in July 2021, Skyward, a school management software provider, announced the partnership with Tooele County School District, Utah, U.S., to provide a Student Management System (SMS) that will assist in the modernization of the district’s student-related data and activities.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data analytics embedded in the student information systems further increases operational efficiency and improves the digital experience. Moreover, student information system solutions use Robotic Process Automation (RPA) or machine learning, which can reduce redundant staff labor by automating routine tasks, enabling staff to spend more qualitative time with students. With the growing penetration of mobile devices across demography, mobile apps are now being added to student information system solutions and increase the ease of use for both students and parents. With mobile accessibility and cloud migration, the integration of AI into student information system applications is likely to increase, fostering the growth of the student information market over the forecast period.

Browse through Grand View Research's Next Generation Technologies Industry Research Reports.

• The global border security market size was estimated at USD 26.76 billion in 2023 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2024 to 2030. The market growth is driven by the increasing geopolitical tensions, cross-border crimes, and the need for advanced surveillance systems.

• The global cloud sustainability market size was estimated at USD 25.20 billion in 2023 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 19.2% from 2024 to 2030. The market encompasses efforts to make cloud computing more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient.

Student Information System Market Segmentation

Grand View Research has segmented the global student information system market based on component, deployment, application, end-use, and region:

Student Information System Component Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030) • Software • Service

Student Information System Deployment Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030) • Cloud • On-premise

Student Information System Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030) • Financial Management • Student Management • Admission & Recruitment • Student Engagement & Support • Others

Student Information System End-use Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030) • K-12 • Higher Education

Student Information System Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030) • North America o U.S. o Canada • Europe o U.K. o Germany o France • Asia Pacific o China o India o Japan o Australia o South Korea • Latin America o Brazil o Mexico • Middle East & Africa o Saudi Arabia o South Africa o UAE

Order a free sample PDF of the Student Information System Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.

Key Companies profiled: • Oracle Corporation • Workday Inc. • SAP SE • Jenzabar Inc • Skyward, Inc. • Illuminate Education • Ellucian Company L.P • Campus Management Corp. (Anthology Inc.) • Foradian Technologies • Beehively

Recent Developments

• In July 2023, Practically, an experiential learning application for students in grades 6-12, acquired Fedena (Foradian Technologies.), a school ERP software. This acquisition allows Practically to offer a comprehensive end-to-end product suite from experiential learning content to administrative tools.

• In July 2023, Si6 Associates Pvt Limited announced that its student admission portal & curriculum catalogue is now available on the SAP Store. The portal integrates with SAP S/4HANA and SAP Industry Solution for Higher Education & Research and provides a seamless experience for applicants to manage and track their applications from anywhere, at any time. The portal's no-code design makes it easy for institutions to build and launch new programs in real-time, without any coding.

• In May 2023, Monash University partnered with Oracle to offer a new hands-on learning program for undergraduate students in the Monash Business School. The program will give students the skills they need to succeed in the digital world.

• In May 2023, Jenzabar, a higher education technology company announced a new solution called Campus Marketplace powered by Jenzabar. This solution combines online storefront and registration software, strategic marketing services, and ready-made, skills-based courses. Campus Marketplace enables schools to provide non-traditional education options that provide students with the in-demand skills required to succeed in today's competitive labor climate.

• In February 2023, Skyward, a school administration software supplier collaborated with Otus, a K-12 student-growth education technology, to enable educators more efficiently obtain, visualize, and act on student data. This collaboration enables smooth rostering integration between Skyward and Otus, providing educators with a strong set of tools to assist them in maximizing student performance.

• In September 2022, Renaissance, a provider of educational software for K-12 schools acquired Illuminate Education, a company that specializes in a whole-child multi-tiered system of support (MTSS) management platforms. This acquisition allows Renaissance to expand its offerings and provide schools with a more comprehensive set of tools to support student learning.

[tamanna31]

Student Information System: Industry Dynamics, Major Companies Analysis and Forecast- 2030

Student Information System Industry Overview

The global student information system market size was valued at USD 8.05 billion in 2022 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.3% from 2023 to 2030.

The increasing digitalization in the education industry, growing inclination towards e-learning, and improving quality of education are contributing to the growth. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to drive the demand for Student Information System (SIS) due to the high demand for online education. As per the data published by UNESCO, 1.3 billion learners globally were unable to go to their educational institutes in March 2021 and needed online education to continue with the tuition for the academic year 2020 - 2021. The adoption of eLearning technologies gained traction during the COVID-19 outbreak and is expected to progressively increase post the pandemic to tackle a similar situation in the future.

Gather more insights about the market drivers, restrains and growth of the Student Information System Market

The market growth is also bolstered by the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), edge computing, and 5G telecommunication. The advanced student information systems essentially focus on analytics, mobile analytics, mobile applications, behavior tracking, and cloud accessibility. The explosion of connected mobile devices is facilitating the addition of numerous mobile apps for increased convenience for students and their parents. The ongoing trends like migration to the cloud and mobile accessibility are fostering the integration of artificial intelligence into these applications. Moreover, the growing emphasis of educational institutions on providing quality education and simplifying communication between faculty, students, and parents, for upgrading education infrastructure is expected to proliferate the use of SIS software and services.

Governments worldwide are investing aggressively in the education sector. Several educational institutions have already adopted Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), eLearning, and Learning Management Systems (LMS), to optimize internal processes while ensuring quality education, and improving the standard of education. Some are adopting SIS to effectively collaborate and communicate with students, parents, and faculties, to keep track of all the students, and to enable educators to generate educational content in line with the student's learning needs. For instance, in July 2021, Ellucian, an information technology service provider, announced the collaboration with The British and Irish Modern Music Institute (BIMM) Group, to utilize Ellucian Banner Student with Ellucian Managed Cloud, which is a student information system to support registration, advising, grading, enrolment, and course planning.

Several educational institutions/universities use student information solutions to analyze data such as student attendance, class performance, examination results, assessment scores, and other personal information of students. These solutions aid educational institutions in managing student-related data and other administrative operations. In the age of digitalization, the ubiquity of mobile devices, high internet penetration, and the use of social media platforms, make educational institutions also rise to the occasion. The unprecedented growth of online education is due to its greater flexibility, cost savings, and convenience compared to conventional classroom learning. For instance, in July 2021, Skyward, a school management software provider, announced the partnership with Tooele County School District, Utah, U.S., to provide a Student Management System (SMS) that will assist in the modernization of the district’s student-related data and activities.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data analytics embedded in the student information systems further increases operational efficiency and improves the digital experience. Moreover, student information system solutions use Robotic Process Automation (RPA) or machine learning, which can reduce redundant staff labor by automating routine tasks, enabling staff to spend more qualitative time with students. With the growing penetration of mobile devices across demography, mobile apps are now being added to student information system solutions and increase the ease of use for both students and parents. With mobile accessibility and cloud migration, the integration of AI into student information system applications is likely to increase, fostering the growth of the student information market over the forecast period.

Browse through Grand View Research's Next Generation Technologies Industry Research Reports.

• The global climate adaptation market size was estimated at USD 25.45 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 10.5% from 2024 to 2030.

• The global AI in aerospace and defense market size was valued at USD 22.45 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 9.8% from 2024 to 2030.

Key Companies & Market Share Insights

The leading players in the market are undertaking strategies such as product developments, mergers and acquisitions, strategic partnerships, and business expansions to maintain their stronghold on the market.

For instance, in November 2021, Campus Management Corp. (Anthology Inc.) announced a partnership with Together We Rise, a nonprofit organization, to provide service opportunities for Anthology employees and monetary support for Together We Rise initiatives. This partnership includes virtual service opportunities for Anthology employees to build education-related kits for students in foster care, including back-to-school, tech, and STEM packs. Additionally, product differentiation and upgrading in the form of cloud services are expected to pave the way for the growth of companies in the market.

In December 2021, Illuminate Education announced the partnership with the Association of Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD), to expand its CaseNEX (an online course powered by Illuminate Education) professional development course offerings with resources from ASCD, such as the ASCD Activate Professional Learning Library. With the help of this partnership, CaseNEX offers professional development opportunities for educators to enhance their skills, maintain certifications, and earn university credits.

Oracle

Workday, Inc.

SAP SE

Jenzabar, Inc.

Skyward, Inc.

Illuminate Education.

Ellucian Company L.P.

Anthology Inc.

Foradian Technologies.

Beehively

Order a free sample PDF of the Student Information System Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.

[zooterchet]

American Patriotic Wars (Mohecan, Iroquois Constitution, United States)

Seven Years War: The end of the demand of law, to be legalized, to act, instead of prohibited, under legislature's code transferred to police.

American Revolution: The referendum of slain African, as common colonies code, to declare opinion on news article of slain African victim.

War of 1812: The dominatrix, as a nurse, as having determined nation-state of origin, of attempted lodger; any refused, as having concerted citizen's rights, the American citizen on baby footprints; outside of pedophile's attempt to replace American child or teenager or adult.

Mexican-American War: The aid of foreigner, as having necessitated revolution as oppressed, instead of national border, that of army having governed; instead of foreign power, having requested.

Civil War: The prohibition of the slave, as having been governed by wage, of foreign law of talent, all forms of labor, as having been required to pay well and offer comfort of worker; otherwise, the fraud of print.

Spanish-American War: The MI-6 infantry, the Irish soldier, and the African cop's steward, as having disrupted Farsi, Hebrew, and Arabic, hence the bio-exorcist project, the Gadze merged with Gypsy, as having been the purpose of the new spy's class, the Romajin.

The Great War: The foreign expeditionary force, as the new American power; hence, any serving, as having removed the power of the common classroom, from military service.

World War 2: The war against the kin, the Japanese, to reform, and through the Italians, the Catholic, to be rendered atheist, and the German Axis, the refutation of the foreign control of British Empire, as the unique instance of narcotraffic and controlled substance as aligning, the prohibition on alcohol and marijuana as for children; outside of MI-6 syndicate.

Korean Conflict: The end to the Gentleman's Agreement, with Chinese Communists, and other ethnicities aligning, as fully impatriated American citizens, the police investment of Chinatown, inside the FBI and common campus police department.

Vietnam War: The removal of Jewish-Seminarians, to Vietnam War USMC service, and the victims Catholic of Judaism's convert, as CIA and Company service, with MI-6, as serving overseas to protect the ARVN, and the expense of the wealthy black community, as held below the African poverty.

War in Afghanistan: The common British and Russian, as conflicted, the "Great Game"; placed into play, as forebearers of American, the end to the Russian and British and Indian empires, with future interactions with China guaranteed, with Vietnam as the future trade axis of Indochina, the Dalai Llama.

The Middle Eastern Suzerein War: The engineering sector, as having become prominent, and the refusal of the common warehouse career, under the refusal of MI-6 and the Scottish, instead the Americans seizing their goals and destinies under the hatred of the British Empire.

The War on Terror: The draft of soldiers, under Canadian law, to fail, and voluntary enlistments instead, succeeding, in US Army, CIA, and NSA, those inspired by movies as having been rejected, to small suits of law, those using libraries and textbooks and courses of K-12 and collegiate instead, as having been placed on the front lines, as criminals; those otherwise, held back, married to obese under homosexual codes of Falwell.

The COINTELPRO War: The war against Law and Order, and related programs, by the FBI and CIA, the print of the Bellevue, H-Block, and Code Pink programs, as having the nature of torture of those brightly educated, upwardly mobile, and militantly creative, as victims for the bribe to politician of, television show. Those street wars, and prints of art, outside of common cabinet, instead inside courts and police orders.

The Ukraine Conflict: The support of the USMC, as divisions against the exploitation of foreign nations, and the dissolution of Europe, China, and Africa, as foreign trade pacts under ethnicity, the refusal of the Iranian "white" identity, instead as refusing Karl Marx, and Jimmy Carter, in the same.