#except it only properly starts in the 15th century

[mydeaddad]

moaning

[city-of-ladies]

"Women could be found working on construction sites, if only occasionally, including in specialized roles such as carpenters and masons. The research is found in the article, “Appropriate to Her Sex?” Women’s Participation on the Construction Site in Medieval and Early Modern Europe,” by Shelley E. Roff.

She surveyed a wide variety of records from throughout Western Europe, including tax records, inventories of wages paid on construction sites, and municipal accounts, and discovered numerous instances of women working alongside men on construction sites as far back at the 13th century. Most of these women were employed as day laborers, carrying out tasks such as moving water and building supplies around the sites, digging ditches and serving as assistants to bricklayers and stonemasons. For example, in the Spanish city of Seville during the 14th century, women were hired to dig trenches for the foundation of a new city wall, while at the nearby city of Toledo, one or two women were hired each day for the construction of the city’s cathedral, where they gathered lime and worked on the roof. Meanwhile in the French city of Toulouse, almost half the laborers working on the Perigord college site were women. Ross also finds several examples from England and Germany.

Roff notes that previous historians have seen many examples of women working on construction sites in their research, but they had believed that these were just abnormal exceptions caused by economic crises, or because the male population had been killed off through war or disease. But her new study suggests that women construction workers were more than just odd occurences. She explains that “the expansion of urban centers starting in the thirteenth century set off a trend of increasing female employment for day laborers and in the crafts, which only began to contract on occasion for women working in the crafts in the sixteenth century with ensuing economic crises.”

She also notes that in almost all accounts surveyed, the women were paid at a lower rate than the men, which would make the “a cost-effective solution” for site supervisors looking for ways to reduce expenses. The women who took these jobs would have come from society’s poor – those women who could not maintain their households and families just from their husbands’ (if they had one) income.

Roff also finds records showing women taking part in specialized building trades. In London in 1383, Katherine Lightfoot is recorded as the supplier of 2,000 painted tiles for bath in the King’s palace. Meanwhile, tax records from Paris during the years 1296 and 1313 reveal the existence of two female masons, a tiler and a plasterer. These women were not poorer individuals, rather they were the wives of male craftsman, and in some cases their widows. The 15th-century French writer Christine de Pizan noted in her book The Treasury of the City of Ladies that craftswomen, “should learn all the shop details so that she can properly supervise the workers when her husband is away or not paying attention.”

Women workers could be found on the medieval construction site, Medievalists.net

[hello-there]

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[theriveroflight]

Fair Fight

Rating: T

Relationships: Lukanette, platonic Adrinette

Wordcount: 1652

Chapters: 1/?

Summary: Marinette works for the Miracle Box Sanctuary, a dragon-focused animal sanctuary. She's worked there for five years, with her friend Adrien and her mentor Fu.

Luka is a dragonslayer. Simple enough.

Notes: Written for @lovebugs-and-snakecharmers sprint fic challenge. Prompt: wildcard from @mlweeklyprompts , Dragons. @miraculousfanworks

Read on AO3

Marinette knows better than anyone that the dragons need to be saved. They’re an endangered species just like so many others, and yet people still request dragonslayers like they’re in the 15th century and they’re a lord who’s serf’s farmlands are being burnt.

It just…really grinds her gears. They outlawed the use of dragons in industry decades ago — as heat sources, refrigerators, waterspouts, what have you. People still use dragons to work, though. It’s just disguised as having a pet. The kinds of people who own dragons are the same kinds that own tigers, or lions, without enough space to have them properly. It’s horrible treatment, and frankly Marinette hasn’t stood for it in a long time.

Luckily, she works for the Miracle Box Sanctuary, specializing in dragon care and keeping. She’s worked there for going on five years now — she started as a volunteer when she was fourteen, and now she’s majoring in Environmental Science and working there as a side job.

(The Miracle Box Sanctuary is actually part of a small chain of sanctuaries — there’s one in America, one in Tibet, and a few more that she can’t quite recall.)

She keeps track of the places on the underground of the Internet where people hire dragonslayers. The main one is DragonList, which she supposes is a parody of Craigslist?

When she goes to check it, funny — a new posting in France was just listed. Strange how things line up sometimes.

Well, who is she to say otherwise? She starts packing her bags for the trip. On average, a rescue takes about a week. She gets there in advance of everyone else because she’s better at handling the dragons than just about anyone else except for the owner, and he doesn’t get out much because he’s old.

She curses as she searches for her fireproof gear. The listing didn’t say what kind of dragon (they normally state it, but she thinks the person calling in this job is inexperienced in the bounties), so she’ll be packing for anything until she learns more.

It must be in the laundry at her apartment. That means she needs to call her roommate, Adrien.

She grabs her phone and calls Adrien. “Hey, have you seen my fireproof gear?”

“I washed it earlier,” he responds, and she sighs.

“Did you follow my instructions?”

“Yeah, hand wash only, it’s air-drying now. Hopefully it won’t take long.” Adrien sighs. “What’s the job?”

“Out near the Belgian border.”

“That’s far,” Adrien comments. “Gonna handle it solo?”

“I learned about it from a dragonslayer site,” Marinette responds. “I might need your help on the interpersonal end, convincing them to let me call the Sanctuary to take the dragon back.”

There’s a pause on the other end. “I just nodded. That was stupid.” Marinette laughs. “I’ll see you soon, then?”

“Yeah.” Marinette ends the call.

Well, it’ll be time to hit the road soon. She has to wait for her gear to dry, first, and also tell Fu where she’s going. The last time she left without letting her boss know, well…the call for transport didn’t exactly go well.

***

“Hey,” she calls softly as she walks into the office.

“What’s going on, Marinette?” Fu asks when she walks in.

“I’m going out on a mission,” she answers. “Just picked up some news off of a dragonslayer site. There’s a job posted near the Belgian border.”

“Save that dragon,” Fu says. “I give you my blessing.”

“Just wanted to let you know before I need them to be transported.” Marinette smiles.

Shoot, she also needs to let her teachers know. They’re fairly forgiving with her and her work that sometimes requires her to be out for multiple days, especially since the work is in the environmental science field.

***

They end up driving off the next morning. She’s been working on getting her license, but since she lives in the city and uses public transportation to reach the Sanctuary she doesn’t normally need to drive. (Some of the other sanctuaries are a little more deserted, like the one in America that she’s been to once.)

So, Adrien’s the one driving.

“What’s the job?” he asks her, when they get bored of pretending to know the words to the songs on the radio. (Neither of them listen to pop much anymore.)

“The dragon has been described as red with black spots.” Marinette pauses and takes a look at the screenshot she has of it again. “Moderate size, but skittish, and flies away quickly.”

“Okay. You think they’ll mesh well with Plagg?”

Plagg is one of their other rescues, a fairly recent one. But he’s been closed off. Adrien’s the only person he’s come close to bonding with. Rumor has it that Plagg used to be with a red dragon. Could this be that dragon? Marinette doesn’t know.

“We won’t know until we meet them,” Marinette answers, which wow, she knew the answer would be noncommittal but it sounds more so than she intended. And then her phone vibrates in her hand — a notification.

Someone outbid her on the job. Shoot.

(She’s…she has an account on all the dragonslayer places, called Ladybug or some variant of it. Only a select few know that Ladybug is secretly a conservationist. She uses it to claim jobs so she won’t have competition.)

The person who outbid her goes by the username V1peri0n. Well, Marinette hopes that whoever they are won’t be too much of an obstacle to her and her goals of saving this dragon.

***

They reach the town where the job was put in.

“Hello, my name is Marinette Dupain-Cheng. I’m from the Miracle Box Sanctuary.” She shows her business card to the mayor. “I’ve heard that there’s a dragon around these parts?”

“It’s a menace and needs to be taken down,” the mayor responds.

“Dragons are an endangered species, sir. I could call the police now and have you arrested. It’s illegal to have them killed.”

“All the local police are on my side,” the mayor challenges. “Besides, I didn’t say killed, did I?”

Adrien places a hand on her shoulder. “Not to worry, sir. We’ll take this dragon out of your hands.”

“But what about the dragonslayer I hired?”

Marinette tries not to fume too much. “There’s no need to be concerned.”

“If you’re willing to take her on, then I bid you the best of it,” the mayor responds. “I just wanted to give you fair warning.”

No dragon is ever a menace. None.

“I bid you a good day then, sir,” Marinette says.

***

“That mayor was certainly something,” Adrien says to her when they walk out.

“Yeah. I wonder who was the slayer that went even lower, though. Dragonslayers tend to charge really high prices, because it’s an illegal operation. I charge really low, just whatever it costs to get out here and get the truck and get back.”

 

“Well, now I know who I outbid,” a person with blue hair says. “You’re Ladybug, I imagine?”

“And how am I supposed to say your codename?”

“Don’t worry about that. Just use my actual one. Luka.”

She bites her lip and looks him up and down. Everything about his purposefully disheveled appearance says that he’s never done this before. Marinette can absolutely take advantage of his incompetence.

“Here.” She hands him a business card.

“You work for a sanctuary?” This…Luka raises an eyebrow.

“Surprise!” Marinette smirks. “I’m a deceptive force. It’s more useful to use it as a newsfeed to save the dragons than to try and get it taken down, because then all of you dragonslayers will flee somewhere else, even harder to find.”

He looks at the business card. “Smart, Marinette.”

She huffs. “Now, if you let me handle the dragon…”

“What can you offer me?”

“Marinette,” Adrien warns. She quickly thinks for a moment. She won’t go with her original offer, she supposes. Even with the cost knocked down, the bid was still quite a bit of money — that she didn’t feel like spending on anyone’s behalf.

“You’re desperate, aren’t you? Nobody ever outbids me. Everyone charges higher for their services. So you’re either foolish or desperate.”

“I don’t actually like killing dragons. But I have the training to do it. I may as well put it to use with something.” Luka looks like he’s seen something horrid, and Marinette wonders just what drove him to becoming a slayer. “And I’ll work my way up to getting better paid.”

Marinette hopes that won’t become her fate. “I can offer you a job, perhaps? I’m sure the Sanctuary wouldn’t mind having an insider on dragonslayer places. I’m not particularly in on anything.”

“Everyone there knows about Ladybug. Nobody knows who she is other than that she keeps outbidding everyone.”

Marinette shrugs. “Well, if you aren’t interested…then just stay out of my way.”

“Alright then.” He puts up his hands in a gesture of surrender. “I’ll let you do the work, Mister and Missus Savior-Complex.”

After he walks out, Marinette asks a single question. She might have many more, but…

“Do I really have a savior complex?”

Adrien tilts his head. “No. I think I’m actually worse about it than you are.”

“Yeah, try not to dive in the path of ice without any cold gear,” she replies, lightly shoving him away.

“We’re supposed to have each other’s backs, yeah? Besides, I was the one who ended up getting him so…it turned out alright, yeah?”

Marinette nods. “Yeah.”

It’s come time to find the dragon. Marinette puts on her fireproof gear, because that’s really what’s most likely here.

Especially if this really is Plagg’s companion. Plagg breathes ice, so it makes sense that his companion would breathe fire.

She ties her hair up in a ponytail. “You ready, Adrien?” she asks.

“Born ready,” he responds, and they walk out of their room to go find their dragon.

[luxeairconditioning5-blog]

Ac

air conditioning northern beaches

In 1900 there was not much people could do on a hot spell except whine about the weather or -if they could afford it -go away to the mountains or perhaps the seashore. Today air conditioning is promoting this. With air conditioning has evolved this. With air conditioning you may be comfortable anywhere indoors about even the hottest, stickiest moment of the year. You will most probably find air conditioning in the cinemas you attend, in many from the stores where your family retailers, and in the restaurants to eat. It may even be at home.

air conditioning northern beaches

What is air conditioning? You know which air conditioning makes you feel amazing. But air conditioning is more than only cooling. It means keeping the temp and humidity (moisture content) of air in an encased space, whether it is one place or an entire building, at only the right level for the ease and comfort of the people inside. It also signifies circulating the air and putting moisture if necessary. In summertime it means removing by completing the air over cold piping that collect water in the air, much as droplets of water condense on the cold water glass over a hot, damp day. Actually we might almost say that air conditioner means creating an manufactured, comfortable climate. In this article we need to discuss only cooling.

Within dry climates air might be cooled simply. The chilly may be no more than a large enthusiast that draws hot, dried out air to a water over loaded fiber mat. The air is usually cooled as it evaporates this inflatable water. It is do dry you will need that the added moisture will not likely cause discomfort. (This does not apply in humid climates)

Air cooling has many uses besides preserving us comfortable. Many market sectors depend on it to keep air in their plants clean, neat and at the right moisture level. Like textile fiber such as made of wool and cotton will expand or shrink as the wetness content of air alterations. This causes variations within the quality of the cloth. Excessive moisture in the air -or possibly on a worker's fingertips- will result in delicate metal parts for example rocket components or excellence instruments instrument to rust. The wrong temperature can pamper a batch of convential medical culture. Proper air conditioning inhibits this mishap.

The serious diamond and gold fosse of South Africa use air-con to enable miners to work concerning how would otherwise be suffocating in heat, thousands of legs below the ground. With the ac is involved in every part states space program, from generating missiles to tracking these people through the atmosphere.

Inventors get tinkered with methods of air cooling for years. Ancient Egyptians as well as Romans got some getting rid of the heat by hanging unique mats soaked with normal water across to their entrances with their houses, so the air can be could by evaporation. From the 15th century A. G., the famous artist and creator built water powered lover.

As men is curiosity about science grew so does the number of schemes for getting awesome. There were hundreds of ideas, nevertheless non-e of them really previously worked. In fact , many of the schemes built people feel worse because they extra large amount of water to the air flow. Air is like a cloth or sponge. It will soak up water create people feel sticky and uneasy, especially in hot weather. When the atmosphere is very moist, we the humidity is high. As soon as the air is dry, humidity is low and we feel much better.

The first machine that kept humidity low or cooled the oxygen at the same time was developed in 1902 by Willis H. Transporter who built is often known as "the father of air conditioner. " Carrier built this model for a printing plant within Brooklyn, New York, that possessed trouble printing in coloring. Paper stretches when the surroundings is damp and lessens when the air is dried. Since each color would have to be printed separately, printing of various colors on the same sheet involving paper did not line up properly because the papers change dimension between printings. Carrier's device kept the moisture level in the air constant by pulling the air over a row frosty pipes that condensed surplus moisture. This kept typically the paper at one sizing and also made the people inside the plant feel cool. Carrier's invention marked the get started of scientific air conditioning.

Air conditioner was soon being used in a lot of factories, such as plants that will made ammunition during Entire world War I. But men and women generally did nit find out about this invention until 1920's, when hundreds of movie theaters, malls, and restaurants had air conditioning installed. People often arrived to these places just to get respite from hot, muggy air exterior.

As the air conditioning became widely used during the 1930's, central air-con systems were developed. All these could cool the whole place of work or apartment building from a centrally located unit, just as structures were heated from one major furnace in the basement as an alternative to by little stoves inside each room. During the similar period small units that can air condition a single room were being developed. After World Conflict II large numbers of small models began to be used in private properties. A later development, employed increasingly in public buildings and homes, combined heating and cooling products in one system.

How does the idea Work?

An air conditioning unit is not going to "add coolness" to the weather. It removes heat. A air conditioner works on the same standard principle as a refrigerator-though it's not designed to produce such very low temperatures. Heat is removed from the air by the rapid development of a refrigerant (cooling substances) as it turns from a liquefied at high pressure. An with illustration shows the circuit of operations of a smaller home-type air conditioner. Here the environment is cooled directly with the machine. For the sake of the convenience, filter and motors are definitely not shown in this diagram. Inside large, central installations, like those in office properties and schools, a equipment chills water that is piped to a series of coils. Surroundings from building is driven over this coils and also circulated through the building blowers.

To be practical, an air conditioner must be able to maintain a temperature. Otherwise people will have to turn their units don and doff continually as the temperature grow to be too cold or sizzling. A steady temperature-regulating device named thermostat. The thermostat is focused at desired temperature. After that it switches the cooling model on and off as needed.

[hollenka99]

Ages

I don't think I ever established how old the egos are in the Creator AU. Guess it's time to change that. All current ages should be accurate as of November 1st 2019.

It all starts with Sean creating an imaginary friend in November 1996. As seen in The Friend, the two boys play and hang out together a lot. Once Sean begins to grow up and move on, Jack is left behind. He would have probably died during that time, had he been properly alive in the first place.

Either way, Jack gets thrown into existence in July 2013, the Jacksepticeye channel having recently surpassed 1000 subscribers. He is the same age as Sean and this Australian guy he bumped into at his new home.

Things change when Jackie arrives. He's 16? Uh... okay then. This superhero was first thought up by a 14 year old boy who had just seen a Spider-Man film and Sean got the red jumpsuit from that Cool Patrol video where he played a highschooler so whatever. It's probably a one off.

Except it's not. Marvin shows up a month later, age 25. Then Dr Schneeplestein comes along, not only 31 but with three children aged 4-9. Chase is 24 when he comes into existence and his children are 4 and 3 years old. To top it off, a French painter called Jacques enters their lives at the age of 22.

By the time Jack slips into a coma, he's living in a home with 5 other guys who look like him, albeit with some variation, whose ages range from 22-31. The 7th member is missing and now 17.

As the others try to adjust to the coma, the kidnapping of one of them and the return of another, they are also faced with a zombie as well as two early 20th century egos arriving in August and October. Shawn and Jameson claim to be 27 and 29 respectively but their birth years separate them by 4 years.

Essentially, if the egos were 'real' people, they would be born on:

Jameson - October 31st 1903/1988 (29 upon appearance, 31 currently)

Shawn - October 5th 1907/1990 (27 upon appearance, 29 currently)

Henrik - September 15th 1985 (31 upon appearance, 34 currently)

Jack - February 7th 1990, same as Sean. (6/23 upon appearance, 29 currently)

Angus - April 4th 1990 (23 upon appearance, 29 currently)

Marvin - August 11th 1991 (25 upon appearance, 28 currently)

Chase - April 11th 1993 (24 upon appearance, 26 currently)

Jacques - June 10th 1995 (22 upon appearance, 24 currently)

Jackie - July 10th 2000 (16 upon appearance, 19 currently)

If you want to include the kids then:

Elias von Schneeplestein - May 6th 2007 (9 upon appearance, 12 currently)

Heidi von Schneeplestein - November 9th 2010 (5 upon appearance, 8 currently)

Willow Brody - July 29th 2012 (4 upon appearance, 7 currently)

Alina von Schneeplestein - August 21st 2012 (4 upon appearance, 7 currently)

Noah Brody - February 16th 2014 (3 upon appearance, 5 currently)

[thetinytiredcatigrapher]

Hey everyone!

I got an ask if I have a master list of all the fonts I use...and I’ll show you all which fonts I use! But first I will explain some of the words that are used in this post that you may or may not know!

Blackletter; a script used throughout western Europe from approximately 1150 to well into the 17th century. The letters are square/rectangular shaped

Majuscule; Capital letters in Blackletter font. You know, the big ones.

Minuscule; Small letters in Blackletter font.

Gothic;  Gothic was a synonym for barbaric centuries ago. It has nothing to do with its modern use.

Bastard(a); A Blackletter script used in France, the Burgundian Netherlands and Germany during the 14th and 15th century.

Font; A font is a particular size, weight and style of a typeface. Or...what the letters look like.

For more I’d suggest going to the ‘Blackletter’ wikipedia page ‘here’ and read more about it.

ALL FONTS AND STYLES BELONG TO THEIR RIGHTFUL OWNER(S), I USE THEM AS EXAMPLES FOR WRITING MY CALLIGRAPHY POSTS AND GIVE MY OWN SWING TO IT.

I may sometimes use words that can cause triggers or that are slurs. If you happen to find one, please send me a message to properly tag it or remove the word and exchange it for a better word!

With that out of the way...let us start!

Bastard Secretary I really love this font because it is swirly but still readable (except for the W...that one is just the odd one out). What you will notice when I use this font, is that instead of some thin lines, my lines are thicker. That is because of the pen I usually use. The thin lines are made with the corner of the pen, but since my pen doesn’t flow ink to the corners that well I can’t do that...so it is a thicker line. This font really comes out well with the color red, as you can see in the font list. However, that doesn’t mean that other colors are less beautiful, or appealing!

Blackletter / Gothic Textura 01 This is one of the few Gothic Textura fonts that I use (with less of a wiggle at the edges tho), but mostly for the Majuscule/Capital letters.

The next few are all Blackletter / Gothic Textura / Textualis

Gothic Textura 02

Gothic Textura 03

Gothic Textura 04

Claude Mediavilla Bastarda This font really works well with stronger colors like black, red, and blue, due to the harsh and pointy shapes that it has. You can see on this image that around the letters, there are tiny arrows with numbers. These indicate in which order and direction you have to go with your pen...and no, they will not appear on the paper when written, don’t you worry! This is also a good opportunity to tell you about the ‘s’ in this one. As you can see, in the third row, there is an odd line with that resembles an ‘F’, but it is not. This is actually an ‘S’, odd right? This is because the ‘S’ is a fairly big letter and sometimes a bit complex to make. So to make words appear smaller, they often made the ‘S’ look like a ‘F’. However, this only happens when the ‘S’ is in the middle of the word, never at the beginning or end.  For example; ‘’It’s free real estate’’, it would only work with the ‘S’ in ‘estate’, but not with ‘It’s’. In some fonts they also make special combinations when it is ‘SS’, ‘ST’ or ‘SR’, as you can see in the Claude Mediavilla Bastarda font.

Here you can see it better. Written in a regular Gothic Textura, you can see that the upper one has their regular ‘S’es’ and ‘R’. It makes it wider, and with the ‘R’ there’s an empty space on the lower part of the letter. On the bottom one, you can see with the adaptations, that the letters fill up enough space so no empty pits form, and that the words become smaller. Here it is hard to see that the sentence would become smaller, but when writing larger pieces of text, it really makes a difference! But yes...it does look like an ‘F’

IT’S FREE REAL EFTATE!

Gothic Textura Anglicana  'Anglicana' was developed in England from Textura and became one of the most used font of the later Middle Ages in Britain and northern France. It first appeared around 1260 and is the script most often used in the fourteenth and fifteenth century. I think the best coloring for this font would be either black or blue, but since I have not used it that much, I can’t say I am 100% sure of that. HOWEVER! this font also works well as a fantasy handwriting, when only used the majuscule letters, as I did for a friend a while ago. He loved it!

This far I have used 10 images, and to prevent me from having a meltdown because Tumblr is being Tumblr, I will reblog this with more content! 

[robogreaser]

Commissions are Open

Im officially, properly, finally opening commissions for real. I know what you might be thinking. Mike, haven’t you had commissions opened for a while now?

Yes and no. I’ve had emergencies left and right most of this summer and on occasion I would take on a commissioner here and there to make ends meet. My work queue has been steadily growing. But, now that I have a slew of commissions in the works about to be completed and my finances are a complete disgrace I am officially, properly, finally opening commissions.

There are an indefinite amount of slots available. Mostly because things are looking rather bleak on my end. (More on that later.)

I have reworked my prices to reflect my change in skill, my turnaround time, and my actual audience. That being said, I am flexible and open to discussing prices with commissioners interested in multiple pieces or something within my particular niche. Don’t be afraid to approach me.

You can contact me through tumblr, twitter, or if you have it, my discord (not listed here.)

Please see the terms above about the process of requesting a slot and payment. Payment is only done through paypal at this time. I am open doing the vast majority of topics in my art, the exceptions listed above. If in doubt, feel free to talk to me, or request a private, anonymous commission.

If you can’t afford something or would only like to donate, my ko-fi is listed in the commission post above (mostly because linking it makes tumblr angry for some reason.)

Now, onward to an explanation and breakdown of my current financial situation so y’all can get an idea as to what I am facing at the moment. This will be under a read more to save dash space. Apologies ahead of time to mobile users.

For those who may not know, I have been in charge of my grandparents finances for the past year or so, mostly because of their health and deteriorating state. Coupled with other family drama and troubles, I am on the hook for the annual taxes currently. I am in need of ~$2500 to pay them by the end of the month. This takes into account paypal fees, bank fees, and potential late fees on my end.

Speaking of my grandparents, my grandfather recently took out a mailbox while driving and destroyed the passenger side mirror and window. Safelite is coming tomorrow to fix the window for ~$375 and I will need an additional ~$125 to replace the power mirror.

Earlier this year I had a medical evaluation that concluded, yes, I do in fact have ADHD. It was the first step in getting my mental health in check. But my insurance has a stupid high deductible and refused to cover those tests. I now owe a doctor $2990.

As an aside about my health, I’ve been having a series of complex, bullshit, dental issue for the past six months. I need to have a root canal on top of regular restorative procedures done between now and the end of the year. This is going to cost anywhere from ~$1500-$2000.

I’m currently on the hook for a credit card bill from renovating my Uncle’s (the one who has/had lung cancer but refused to stop smoking/drinking) house and basement. Combined with my other monthly credit expenses, ie gas, groceries, etc, I’m in debt, credit card wise, for ~$4000. No one else is offering/willing to pay for the materials and time and labor, so I guess that’s on me...

Im just a bit bitter about that last one...

Look, I know its completely unreasonable to ask for commission work/donations to compensate and pay for ALL of these expenses. They are my own. I am going to start working a new job soon. I do have the means in the long term to take care of some of these bills. But things like the taxes and the credit card issue are actively making it impossible for me to find and afford an apartment. These things are keeping me tethered to a family that has done nothing but taken advantage of me. And I refuse to give in.

I know my commissioners from way back when, those who have been waiting an inordinate amount of time, might be skeptical of my work and turnaround time, but I swear I am making progress and I will do justice to every single person who is or ends up in my work queue.

I am willing to work for this, and if you’d like to be something of a Medici to my poor, peasant artist ass in 15th century Florence, by all means...

Thank you for your time, y’all.

[coughscent1-blog]

6 Ways that Clothing Has Killed, From the New Fashion History Book "Killer Style"

From the book Killer Style: How Fashion Has Injured, Maimed and Murdered Through History by Alison Matthews David and Serah-Marie McMahon. Available April 15th, 2019.

Restrictive clothing, poisonous products, fake health trends, and unsafe working conditions have a long history of fashion victims. Here are just some of the ways fashion has been seriously dangerous for your health.

1. Death By White Lead Make-Up Ancient Romans were pretty creative with their skincare. They dabbed mixtures of chicken fat and onions onto pimples. They tried using the ashes of fish bones to remove freckles. And the crocodile excrement face mask was extremely popular. Compared to these concoctions a foundation made of lead, called ceruse, must have seemed downright tame.

To make it, lead was soaked in vinegar then dried, leaving a remarkably opaque white powder. Lead is one of the densest metals in existence, yet is soft, melts easily, and clings fantastically to skin. It feels smooth and shows color brightly. In other words, lead seemed like an ideal substance for cosmetics. For thousands of years ceruse was liberally applied to eyes, mouths, and skin. Ceruse may have given a smooth, blemish-free look, but it causes skin to age rapidly and erupts with sores. Which, of course, requires more ceruse to cover up these new imperfections. All the while, lead built up in bones and slowly destroyed nearly every organ system in the body.

Even once these side effects were well known, ceruse remained popular for centuries. When Queen Elizabeth I was twenty-nine years old, she survived smallpox noticeably scarred. For the rest of her life, she painted a thick layer of ceruse on her face, neck, and hands—a practice many believe hastened her demise in 1603.

2. Death by Tight Skirt

Sack-race for hobble-skirt wearers or “La course d’entravées,” Illustrated London News, August 13, 1910. Collection of Alison Matthews David

In 1908, Edith Berg was the first woman to fly in a plane. But when she climbed aboard the Wright Brothers’ Flyer, its open-air cockpit meant her large skirt was sure to fly up in her face. Undeterred, she grabbed a length of twine and tied it around her knees.

The unusual silhouette of the last-minute fix became a hot trend. Women started wearing narrow skirts cinched at the knees or even the ankles. Because it effectively shackled its wearers, the new dress shape was named after a device used to keep animals from running away: the hobble.

The style made for a stunted saunter. In 1910 at a Paris racecourse, a horse (which ironically wasn’t properly hobbled) escaped and bolted into a crowd of spectators. One woman, slowed down by her fashionable hobble skirt was unable to get out of the way in time and was tragically trampled to death. The next year, the hobble skirt of an eighteen-year-old girl caused her to trip while stepping over a gate on a bridge, and she fell into the icy water below. It turned out the hobble wasn’t very good for swimming either. She drowned.

3. Death By Flannelette Pajamas

Perkin’s Non-Flam flannelette has only a tiny burn at the hem after 2 minutes, whereas ordinary flannelette has been almost completely incinerated in half the time (60 seconds), fold-out leaf in Fire Tests with Textiles: The Committee’s Report, British Fire Prevention Committee, 1910. Wellcome Library, London.

Wellcome Images

In the late Victorian era it was widely believed warmth could cure illness. Flannel manufacturers, wanting to capitalize on the textile’s ability to preserve body heat, claimed it had actual healing properties. But real flannel was expensive. In 1877 they started producing a brushed cotton that felt like flannel yet was much cheaper to make. They christened it flannelette. Now, they could make even more money selling this fake health trend to folks who could not afford the real thing.

Except flannel is made of a tightly woven wool, which is an animal protein and virtually fireproof. Flannelette, on the other hand, is soft, fluffy, made from plant fiber and instantly flammable. Working-class homes relied on open fire for both heating and cooking, and typical cramped quarters meant kids in their cozy flannelette pajamas were usually no more than a few feet from open flame. Over a five-year period, 1,816 children caught fire and died in flannelette in England alone. Young boys’ pajama styles were fitted, which significantly decreased their chances of catching fire. Girls were less lucky. Their loose, layered dresses provided a perfect fuse, and three-quarters of the victims were girls.

Source: https://www.teenvogue.com/story/new-book-about-dark-bloody-history-of-fashion-killer-style

[badwasabi]

Writing Advice: Shut out shout-outs

Due to the subject matter, I included a larger-than-usual number of references in this one, just for fun. You probably won't find all eight, unless you happen to watch a certain podcast about a certain red-masked superhero and his nubile ginger sidekick partner.

Okay, so you're watching the latest Game of Thrones episode. There's tension, there's shouting, it's very dramatic, you're on the edge of your seat. What next? you think, shoveling popcorn into your mouth.

And suddenly the characters start acting out the "What?" scene from Pulp Fiction.

Your hand stops. Your brow furrows. You mouth hangs open.

This doesn't make sense. The writers just...gave up. They made no real effort to integrate the reference into Westeros. Where'd that paper bag come from? Why is the Mother of Dragons is pulling a Big Belly Burger out of it? What is this? 

I'll tell you what this is. Your hypothetical self has just encountered a bad Shout Out. 

Fanfics, especially by newbie writers, often have this classic blunder. You like Thing, you like Other Thing, you want to put them together like it's peanut butter/jelly time. Let me ask you a question; you might like a nice warm fire. You might like libraries. Would you start a nice, warm fire in the middle of a library? If I needed the insurance money. A public library. Oh. Then no. So you've added the gratuitous reference, you post the chapter, and go on your merry way. Some time later, your reader encounters the reference, and it stops them cold, completely breaking immersion. You were so worried about whether you could that you didn't ask yourself whether you should. One Mass Effect fanfic I read had the bad guys capture Garrus, hang him from a hook, and torture him. Normal enough, right? Well, it was a direct ripoff of the torture scenes from Firefly. Y'know, that "War Stories" episode. Was someone wearing Jayne's hat? Someone was, in fact, wearing Jayne's hat. In a certain Halo fanfic, one of the characters make a crack about how they hadn't seen incompetence like that since the Bush Administration of 21st century Earth. For those of you not familar with the setting, that's be like a  2016 character making a joke about some politican from 1466. Seriously, name someone from the 15th century. Christopher Columbus? Anyone else? Besides Queen Isabella? ...No. You see my point. I bought a cheap watch a year ago. Before the ants ate it*, it looked like a G-Shock. Except that it didn't have the logo, the backlight was more of a frontlight - a bad one - and none of the buttons did what the labels said they were supposed to. Shoehorning in a reference can be like that. It looks good, but the charade falls apart the second you take a closer look. A lot of shoehorned references come without the context that would make them "work" properly. It's not a big problem with individual lines, but when you have to bend the story's universe into a pretzel just to make the reference "fit", you should probably reconsider. And even individual lines can get tiresome if they're intrusive enough. Remember that ME fic I mentioned? The characters often reference popular Firefly lines. It wasn't just the one scene. Which brings me to my next point. References are a crutch, if you rely on them. And in case you're wondering, there's a difference between a pastiche or parody or satire...and an outright ripoff. Also, some works are light-hearted enough to have shedloads of references. Take Deadpool (any medium), Friendship is Magic, or Discworld. And they usually cut back on it when things get heavy, doc. Except Discord, of course, by definition. 

So how do I know when to use shout outs? The same way you get to Carnegie Hall; practice. Get constructive criticism from somewhere. Let readers tell you what works and what doesn't. Read it out loud. Ask yourself if the scene works for readers who don't get the reference. How would you fix the torture scene? Oh, that's easy. Dolores Umbridge. From Harry Potter? Yep. Wouldn't that just make the problem worse? Allow me to explain. Torture scenes are a dime a dozen. Torture scenes where the torturer has some sort of crazy philosophy are a dime a dozen. Religious conviction, punishment, intelligence gathering, Mengele knockoff, dime a dozen. You know what we don't see very often? What? Passive-aggressiveness. Think about it. Umbridge's core personality traits are cloying, syrupy sweetness over an absolute conviction that she's doing The Right Thing. This is a woman who created a brand-new way to torture people - her special quill - and used it on a child. The book said she looked like a toad, but in the films, Imelda Staunton's completely normal appearance is arguably worse. She looks like someone's mum or grandmum. And she's evil. Remember in the forest? The part where she may have been trying to kill Harry and Hermione, and she's still rationalizing? Imagine that with a torturer. She's levering your fingernails off with a scalpel, and still saying that it would really be so much easier if you would just cooperate. Do you think she enjoys hurting you? Why don't you just tell her what she needs to know? Brrr. But enough about my mother. So, in this case, remixing two references is better than using either of them alone. This has to be done well; if you had a generic torturer, but he's actually a woman wearing pink, that's not going to make much of a difference. In fact, it would be jarring for your readers, unless you're in a light-hearted work, or pink is an important color in your story. Maybe it's about "The Flamingo Killer", who always leaves their victims with a pink rose, or pink fibers have been found on the bodies, or something. Which brings me to the last piece of advice; good artists copy, great artists steal. Pretty sure I've heard that before. But what it doesn't say is that mediocre and bad artists also copy. So what's the difference between copying and stealing? Glad you asked, Timmy! Copying is imitating. Stealing is understanding, making it your own. It's the difference between tracing a piece of art and drawing it freehand. Wait. Isn't tracing really useful for learning how to draw? Yes, it is. To a certain point. Then it's better to strike out on your own. If you don't understand why something works, you can't really integrate it into your work. You won't be able to take the parts of it that work and leave the rest, you'll probably just keep ripping it off wholesale. If I may humblebrag; in my fic Ferris, the XCOM team decides that they're going to have to do something really dark. There's a regular soldier nearby, and he's horrified. He says he could never do that type of stuff. The XCOM trooper he's responding to says "That's the idea. We do it, so you don't have to." ...Is that...? Yep. The Nostalgia Critic's catchphrase. Altered and integrated. Now, if I had written "I fight aliens, so you don't have to," that would've been a lot more blatant. Did anyone notice? No one said anything, so...not as far as I know. Then what's the point? To increase the emotional impact of the scene. Instead of forcing a reference to a popular review show that would ruin the emotional impact of the scene. Executive summary: References and shout-outs can be fine, if used sparingly, or in a work where they fit the tone. If not, they'll cut the legs out from any drama you're trying to build. Try and understand why something you're trying to reference works, so you can alter it to fit the new context, instead of plopping it in your story like a scoop of chocolate ice cream on a cheesecake. What type of cheesecake? Boysenberry. Oooh! I love boysenberry pie! Good hunting, Jon PS: Let's talk about obtrusive fandom jokes. For example, take all the RWBY fics that substitute "Monty" for "God". If you don't know who Monty Oum was (creator of the series), it's just a weird joke or some kind of reference you don't get. If you do, then it's a fandom joke with worrying theological implications, since Ren was voiced by Monty. Does that make him Remnant's Jesus, or some kind of avatar of their Creator? Either road, it completely destroys the seriousness of a scene. Imagine if Frodo and Sam swore "by Tolkien", or Captain Picard by "Roddenberry", or Marvel characters by "Stan".

Actually, let's dig deep. You know all those Stan Lee cameos in the MCU? They all fit in even if you don't know who Lee is. You could replace Lee with a bunch of random actors, and with maybe one exception (Avengers), they all make sense. They're funny by necessity, because you can't do something like that without tongue in cheek. I can only remember one dramatic cameo, and that was in Incredible Hulk. The "Monty" joke doesn't have any of that. It can't be justified in the context of the series, unlike a bunch of random old guys throughout the universe who happen to look like Stan Lee. TL DR: If your fandom references don't fit unless your reader knows the context, change them or get rid of them. If you're trying to use an injoke in a serious scene, change it or get rid of it. * More precisely, the watchband. They'll eat anything rubber. 

[ My writing advice posts | Chronological order ]

[thewalkingsnapplecap]

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Did People in Medieval Times Really Not Bathe?

There are a variety of commonly held ideas about what it was like to live in Medieval times in Europe from a hygienic standpoint- from the idea that people chucked the contents of their chamber pots out their windows on to the streets to that they rarely, if ever, bothered to bathe. But is any of this actually true?

As to the former question, be sure and check out our article Did People in the Middle Ages Really Throw Fecal Matter Out of Their Windows? Moving on to bathing habits, to begin with, when dealing with diverse cultures spanning a large area and time frame like "medieval times"- generally considered to be from around the 5th to the 15th centuries- there is not going to be a definitive, one-size fits all answer.

But that's not very interesting, so let's go ahead and give it our best college try, shall we?

It turns out that humans during medieval times were just as keen as humans now to not stink, nor have dirt and grime on themselves. Thus, in the general case, it would seem that, contrary to popular belief, they still had some basic hygienic practices. Towards this end, we know definitively from surviving texts that people did bathe in some form reasonably regularly, generally varying based on their circumstances.

For example, it appears at the minimum washing one's face, hands, and cleaning one's teeth was extremely commonly done each morning. On the note of teeth, beyond rags, cleaning twigs were also used. The general method here was to chew one end of a twig for a time, then once it was properly mashed up, use that end as a sort of tooth brush. In fact, in some cases, while they didn't know it at the time, the twigs or roots used actually contained antibacterial substances, perhaps why certain plants became so popular for this purpose as people observed the effects, even if they didn't understand why they worked so well at cleaning the mouth and teeth.

Moving on to washing hands, beyond doing so during a morning body scrub down from a basin, they were also usually washed again before and after eating. Remember, this was a time before widespread use of utensils, and the fork at one point was actually viewed as sinful to use anyway for hilarious reasons we'll get into in the Bonus Facts later.

Beyond eating with one's hands, particularly those of lower classes also often ate and drank from the same containers as well. From this, it should come as no surprise that getting your hands clean before eating was considered good manners, and cleaning the fingers after was also something of a necessity to get remnants of food off.

Moving back to bathing, at least during medieval times, while some medical professionals did advise against doing it excessively, many others extolled the benefits of bathing regularly at keeping one healthy. For example, Italian physician Magninius Mediolanesis, who functioned as a court physician as well as for a time Regent master at the University of Paris, in the 14th century notes,

The bath cleans the external body parts of dirt left behind from exercise on the outside of the body... if any of the waste products of third digestion are left under the skin that were not resolved by exercise and massage, these will be resolved by the bath.

He also recommended bathing as a means to cure or ease discomfort, such as for the elderly and women who are pregnant.

Of course, when talking full body baths, only the reasonably well off at this point could actually afford to own a bath of some sort and to supply it with hot water, so most relied on bath houses, rivers, lakes, hot springs, etc. Thus, poorest of the poor who could not afford to go to a bath house are generally thought to have had extremely poor hygiene during the winter months, outside of washing using basins.

But for the rest, bath houses were common, particularly after the 11th century when crusaders, who had become accustomed to such and the excellent hygiene habits of Muslim and Jewish peoples, popularized and regularly frequented these establishments not just for bathing purposes, but also to socialize.

In fact, if we fast forward to the 15th century, bathing and eating at bath houses were often combined. As noted in the book: Clean: A History of Personal Hygiene and Purity, by Virginia Smith:

By the fifteenth-century, bath feasting in many town bathhouses seems to have been as common as going out to a restaurant was to become four centuries later. German bath etchings from the fifteenth century often feature the town bathhouse, with a long row of bathing couples eating a meal naked in bathtubs, often several to a tub, with other couples seen smiling in beds in the mid-distance.

While this might seem a little odd at first glance through a modern lens, consider that many people today enjoy soaking in a hot tub or pool with their friends while drinking alcoholic beverages, which is not too dissimilar to these former bath house practices, except now usually featuring skimpy bathing suits.

Going back to bath houses, given that many were connected to bakeries in order to use heat from their ovens to warm the water, let's face it, there's no way one could sit there in the water smelling freshly baked bread and not develop a voracious appetite.

And speaking of voracious appetites, given that many bath houses were not gender divided and featured naked, now clean people having a good time together, it should also come as no surprise that bath houses were known to be places to go to have a REALLY good time...

For those without a non-paid partner, these establishments were also frequently places to find or engage the services of exceptionally good smelling prostitutes.

As you might have guessed from all this, many church groups looked down on bath houses for that reason. For example, consider this excerpt from an 11th century minister known as Burchard of Worms,

If thou, being a married man, hast shamed the nakedness of any woman, as, I say, her breasts and her shameful parts- if thou hast, thou shalt do penance for five days on bread and water. But if thou art not married, two days on bread and water.

Hast thou washed thyself in the bath with thy wife and other women and seen them nude, and they thee? If thou hast, thou shouldst fast for three days on bread and water.

However, contrary to popular belief, on the whole at this time, it doesn't seem as if most church organizations had a big problem with the bathing itself, just the perceived immorality exhibited at many bath houses. For example, 6th century Pope Gregory I is known to have encouraged Christians to bathe regularly. And, as alluded to, Muslim and Jewish groups were likewise known to be even more fastidious than their Christian brethren about keeping clean.

As for the Christian church in Europe, to solve the issue of a whole lot of nakedness and lovin' taking place at bath houses, it became relatively common for bath houses to be built by the various church groups themselves near monasteries. The difference between these bath houses and the other variety was that they were a whole lot less fun... Specifically, separating areas for men and women, instead of mixing them.

Further demonstrating that most church organizations did not really have anything against the act of bathing itself, many monasteries actually piped water into their own, sometimes elaborate baths, and even required the clergy to bathe before many events. For example, at Westminster Abbey, they required their monks to bathe for Christmas, Easter, at the end of June and at the end of September. This doesn't mean, however, that the monks weren't bathing elsewise, just that they were required to do so during these periods. In fact, evidence seems to indicate they bathed much more frequently than that, as they seem to have employed a bath-attendant year round at that Abbey.

So if people during medieval times actually did bathe reasonably frequently, where did the perception that they did not come from? This came about thanks to the latter end of this period and beyond where people really did start bathing less.

As to why, to begin with, around the mid-14th century about 60% of the European population died within about seven years or so- not too dissimilar to "The Snap", but in this case because of the Black Death. This saw the former popular practice of people communing in bath houses together start to become decidedly less popular for a time, though it seems to have picked back up after.

Things went the other way again around the early 16th century when diseases like Syphilis were rearing their ugly heads in Europe. Around this same time, a popular notion arose in some regions of Europe that water could carry disease into the body through the pores in the skin, especially hot water.

It wasn't just diseases from the water itself they were worried about. They also felt that with the pores widened after a bath, this resulted in infections of the air having easier access to the body. Hence, bathing, particularly at bathhouses, became connected with the spread of diseases.

Of course, given countless people were all bathing together in the same warm water, sharing food, and even sometimes having sex, this probably did genuinely invite the spread of disease at these establishments. Further, even in home baths water still was commonly shared with many people, as hauling it all in was no small task, and even much more work and cost if choosing to heat it up as well.

Thus, the popularity of bath houses began to significantly decline around when Syphilis was making the rounds. As noted by Dutch philosopher Erasmus in 1526,

Twenty-five years ago, nothing was more fashionable in Brabant than the public baths. Today there are none... the new plague has taught us to avoid them.

But, again, then, as now, people tended to not like to stink if they could help it. Thus, without the bath houses around or as popular, many began mostly relying on the age old method of washing using a basin and the like as a primary means to keep clean, as well as, when weather permitted, taking dips in lakes and rivers.

To further get around the stink problem, people who could afford it took to frequently changing their linen undergarments, as well as rubbing themselves down with freshly clean linen or scented rags. Various perfumes were also used, as well as the practice of wearing small bags containing fragrant herbs. Herbs, such as salvia officinalis, bay leaves, and hyssop, were also commonly rubbed under the armpits and elsewhere for use as a deodorant.

That said, while most still bathed occasionally, just less frequently than before, it does appear that some, even among the nobility, really did forgo full body bathing at this point.

For example, one Russian ambassador to France noted, "His Majesty [Louis XIV] stunk like a wild animal." Russians were not so finicky about bathing and tended to bathe regularly even after their European brethren had largely abandoned bath houses. King Louis XIV's stench seems to have come from the fact that his physicians advised him to bathe as infrequently as possible to maintain good health. He also stated he found the act of bathing disturbing. Because of this, he is said to have only bathed in a bath twice in his lifetime.

Another in this "gruesome two-some" class among the aristocracy was Queen Isabel I of Spain who claimed that she had taken a full body bath only twice in her lifetime, when she was first born and when she got married. Of course, in both cases, they are perhaps forgetting many times servants perhaps bathed them as children. And given certain moral attitudes of the day, particularly in the case of Isabel, it may be that they were just saying they didn't ever bathe, rather than this actually being the case.

Whatever the case, amazingly, these post-medieval time attitudes against regular full body bathing in certain pockets of Europe lingered among some groups until around the mid-19th century.

But to sum up, there doesn't actually ever seem to be a time in recorded history that people are known to have ceased bathing in some form altogether, with the record for the least hygienic not going to our ultra distant ancestors like medieval peoples or those before, but to our more recent ones, with the abandoning of better hygiene by some groups around the 16th century and beyond thanks to widespread disease and the development of more prudish attitudes.

But even then, with exceptions, most people seemed to have not enjoyed being dirty and took steps to keep as clean and freshly smelling as possible given their circumstances. While they certainly weren't anywhere close to as hygienic as our modern selves who enjoy hot, running water, cheap soaps, etc., on the whole, they were not covered in dirt and grime as is so often depicted by Hollywood.

If you liked this article, you might also enjoy:

What Happened to Dead Bodies After Big Battles Throughout History?

How Exactly Did One Become an Executioner in Medieval Times?

Did People Ever Really Put Crocodiles In Moats?

Were Chastity Belts Ever Actually Used in Medieval Times?

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[paullassiterca]

Boost Your Antioxidant and Healthy Fat Intake With Rosehip

Table of Contents

What Is Rosehip?

5 Published Benefits of Rosehip

Uses of Rosehip

Growing and Harvesting Rosehip

Rosehip Tea Recipes

Rosehip Seed Oil

Rosehip Supplements

Rosehip May Provide Benefits, but Use It Wisely

Rosehip FAQs

The rose is one of the most popular flowers around the world. Various cultures view it as the symbol of love and beauty due to its natural beauty and fragrant qualities. It even symbolized certain historical conflicts, such as the “War of the Roses” in 15th century England.1 But did you know that aside from the lovely blooms, this plant’s seeds, called rosehips, may have benefits and uses as well? Published research shows that consuming this part of the plant can be beneficial to your health in various ways.

What Is Rosehips?

Rosehips are the seedpods of roses. They’re not often found in the roses you buy at the local flower shop, as these flowers are usually pruned. But if roses are left to grow naturally, rosehip pods grow on the tips of the stems. They are edible, and the flavor is described to have the tartness of crab apples.2

Historically, rosehip has been part of many cultures. Swedes, for example, have made rosehip soup for hundreds of years, and it’s a popular dish in their country. Turks, on the other hand, have long used the plant to help provide relief from stomach problems.3 During World War II, the British government asked its citizens to forage rosehip in the countryside to help provide food for the war effort.4

5 Published Benefits of Rosehip

Since rosehip has been used by numerous cultures throughout the centuries, the plant has piqued the curiosity of scientists, who are aiming to learn if the health claims are true. Here are some notable studies that provide insight on how the plant can benefit your health:

Promotes healthy skin recovery — Applying rosehip oil on wounds and scars may help improve their appearance. In one study published in 2015, researchers noted that topical application of rosehip on post-surgical scars helped improve their aesthetics.5

Boosts antioxidant profile — Rosehip is noted for its strong antioxidant capacities that may help fight dangerous free radicals throughout your body. In a study published in Food Chemistry, a rosehip fruit tea infusion was the highest ranked brew compared to other creations.6

Relieves pain — Taking rosehip powder may help relieve pain, as it was shown to have a positive effect in people diagnosed with osteoarthritis.7

Increases healthy fatty acid intake — Healthy fats are essential for optimal well-being, and rosehip has them in spades. A study in International Journal of Food Properties noted that rosehip seed oil contains linoleic acid (54.05 percent), linolenic acid (19.37) and oleic acid (19.5 percent).8 Linoleic acid, for example, has been noted for its various benefits to cardiovascular health.9

Lowers risk of cancer — A PLOS One study states that rosehip extracts have a positive effect against human colon cancer cell lines.10

Other Uses of Rosehip

Rosehip is edible and can be added to foods, or made into drinks.11 It’s been a staple in Native American cuisine for hundreds of years, as they were easily found in the wild.12 Topical application of the oil extracted from rosehip can benefit your skin.13 In this article, you’ll learn how to make tasty rosehip tea using roses you’ve grown in your garden for maximum flavor and nutrients.

Growing and Harvesting Rosehip in Your Home

Before cultivating rosehip, you need to learn how to grow roses. You’ll be hitting two birds with one stone using this strategy — in addition to having a beautiful garden, you’ll also have your own stock of fresh rosehip to use for cooking or aromatherapy.

To start, make sure you have organic rosa rugosa seeds, as they’re known to produce plenty of rosehip pods.14 Novice gardeners will have a wonderful time growing this plant, as it is highly tolerant of most soils (even sandy soil), except for poorly drained ones. For the best growing conditions, the ground should be moderately fertile and rich in humus, with a pH level between 5.5 and 7.0.15

Scatter seeds in the soil during the spring and keep them well watered until they sprout. The flower is known to grow in partial shade, but for best results, plant them in a place with full sunlight exposure.16

Once the rose is fully in bloom and harvested, the area directly at the base of the flower will grow into rosehip seedpods.17 It’s best to harvest rosehip after the first frost, as this gives the pods a bright red color and soft texture, which is perfect for culinary purposes.18 Rosehip may also be yellow or orange if you used other rose varieties. Be sure to segregate them properly to avoid confusion when growing other rose varieties for their seedpods.19

Try These Two Rosehip Tea Recipes

Rosehip is edible, but most people are not familiar on how to prepare it. The most practical way of introducing yourself to this food is through rosehip tea, which can be easily brewed in the comfort of your own home once you have your own stock of fresh rosehips. To make rosehip tea, follow this recipe, courtesy of Mother Earth Living:20

Ingredients

• 4 teaspoons cut-and-sifted rosehips (ground in a spice mill), or 4 tablespoons whole dried rosehips

• 4 cups filtered water

• 1/8 teaspoon stevia extract powder or 2 to 4 drops of stevia liquid extract (optional)

Procedure

1. Place the rosehips on a saucepan.

2. Pour the 4 cups of water and cover. Bring to a boil and simmer for five minutes.

3. Alternatively, place the rosehips in a warmed teapot and pour boiling water inside. Steep for 10 minutes.

4. Strain the saucepan (or the teapot) and put stevia if desired.

If you’re not fond of the taste of warm tea, you can create an ice-cold version of it:21

Ingredients

• 4 teaspoon rosehips

• 3 cups filtered water

• Raw honey to taste (optional)

• Ice cubes

Procedure

1. Boil the water and pour into a teapot along with the rosehips.

2. Steep for five minutes and strain into a pitcher, discarding the rosehips.

3. Add honey and chill. Pour ice cubes if you want a colder drink.

Rosehip Seed Oil Is a Potent Tool for Your Arsenal

Rosehip oil, also known as rosehip seed oil, is derived from the pods of the namesake plant. It is known for its subtle woody smell instead of the fragrance the flower is known for. According to MindBodyGreen, the color of the oil can be an indicator of its quality. High-quality rosehip oil can have a deep gold or red-orange color, but inferior ones will have a clear or light yellow appearance.22

Published research notes the strong potential of using rosehip seed in helping promote optimal health. In a 2011 study conducted on mice, researchers discovered that rosehip extracts helped lower total plasma cholesterol as well as balancing overall cholesterol levels. In addition, lowered blood glucose was observed, leading to the conclusion the plant contains antidiabetic properties.23

In another study, rosehip oil was found to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects when used topically. Some skin conditions it may be effective against include eczema, neurodermatitis and cheilitis (lip inflammation).24

To use rosehip oil, simply dilute it in a carrier oil and apply it on your skin. But before you do, make sure you don’t have any allergic reactions by doing a skin patch test. Aside from helping ease skin diseases, it may help fade stretchmarks, hyperpigmentation and red spots. It may also help moisturize dry skin.25

Beware When Taking Rosehip Supplements

Rosehip is available as a supplement. Using this method may help increase your intake of antioxidants and healthy fatty acids. However, consult with a doctor first, as it is reported to produce certain side effects such as:26

Vomiting

Nausea

Diarrhea

Constipation

Heartburn

Stomach cramps

Fatigue

Headaches

Trouble sleeping

Pregnant and breastfeeding women are not advised to take medicinal doses of rosehip, as there’s little information regarding its safety for these demographics. Lastly, people who have the following conditions should avoid taking rosehip supplements at all costs due to possible complications:27

History of stroke and blood clots

Sickle cell disease

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Iron-related disorders such as hemochromatosis, thalassemia and anemia

Rosehip May Provide Benefits, but Use It Wisely

Rosehip is a plant that deserves more attention; not only can it assist in improving your well-being, but it also has the indirect benefit of making your garden look better. Published research about this part of the rose outlines several useful applications, such as helping your skin look better and managing inflammation. You can consume rosehip as food or tea, or use its essential oil.

Be careful of its supplement derivatives though, which are known to cause various side effects. If you still choose to go this route, consult with your doctor and look for high-quality products from reputable companies.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is rosehip good for you?

A: Rosehip may benefit your health as it is known to help manage inflammation and skin health.28,29

Q: What does rosehip do for your skin?

A: Topical application of rosehip oil may help improve the appearance of your skin, as it was noted to minimize the appearance of post-surgical scars.30

Q: How do you use rosehip?

A: Rosehip can be consumed as part of your diet or you can use the essential oil topically. Supplements are also available, but be careful, as they may have side effects. Consult a doctor before using any rosehip product.

Q: Is rosehip anti-inflammatory?

A: Rosehip has been noted to be an anti-inflammatory agent, as well as helping manage weight, according to research published in Nutrition & Metabolism.31

Q: Is rosehip good for joints?

A: Yes. One study published in 2012 notes that rosehip’s anti-inflammatory properties may be specifically helpful for arthritis.32

from Articles http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2019/02/07/xdjm18-herbs-spices-18mcsa-rosehip.aspx source https://niapurenaturecom.tumblr.com/post/182624785606

[jerrytackettca]

Boost Your Antioxidant and Healthy Fat Intake With Rosehip

Table of Contents

What Is Rosehip?

5 Published Benefits of Rosehip

Uses of Rosehip

Growing and Harvesting Rosehip

Rosehip Tea Recipes

Rosehip Seed Oil

Rosehip Supplements

Rosehip May Provide Benefits, but Use It Wisely

Rosehip FAQs

The rose is one of the most popular flowers around the world. Various cultures view it as the symbol of love and beauty due to its natural beauty and fragrant qualities. It even symbolized certain historical conflicts, such as the "War of the Roses" in 15th century England.1 But did you know that aside from the lovely blooms, this plant's seeds, called rosehips, may have benefits and uses as well? Published research shows that consuming this part of the plant can be beneficial to your health in various ways.

What Is Rosehips?

Rosehips are the seedpods of roses. They're not often found in the roses you buy at the local flower shop, as these flowers are usually pruned. But if roses are left to grow naturally, rosehip pods grow on the tips of the stems. They are edible, and the flavor is described to have the tartness of crab apples.2

Historically, rosehip has been part of many cultures. Swedes, for example, have made rosehip soup for hundreds of years, and it's a popular dish in their country. Turks, on the other hand, have long used the plant to help provide relief from stomach problems.3 During World War II, the British government asked its citizens to forage rosehip in the countryside to help provide food for the war effort.4

5 Published Benefits of Rosehip

Since rosehip has been used by numerous cultures throughout the centuries, the plant has piqued the curiosity of scientists, who are aiming to learn if the health claims are true. Here are some notable studies that provide insight on how the plant can benefit your health:

Promotes healthy skin recovery — Applying rosehip oil on wounds and scars may help improve their appearance. In one study published in 2015, researchers noted that topical application of rosehip on post-surgical scars helped improve their aesthetics.5

Boosts antioxidant profile — Rosehip is noted for its strong antioxidant capacities that may help fight dangerous free radicals throughout your body. In a study published in Food Chemistry, a rosehip fruit tea infusion was the highest ranked brew compared to other creations.6

Relieves pain — Taking rosehip powder may help relieve pain, as it was shown to have a positive effect in people diagnosed with osteoarthritis.7

Increases healthy fatty acid intake — Healthy fats are essential for optimal well-being, and rosehip has them in spades. A study in International Journal of Food Properties noted that rosehip seed oil contains linoleic acid (54.05 percent), linolenic acid (19.37) and oleic acid (19.5 percent).8 Linoleic acid, for example, has been noted for its various benefits to cardiovascular health.9

Lowers risk of cancer — A PLOS One study states that rosehip extracts have a positive effect against human colon cancer cell lines.10

Other Uses of Rosehip

Rosehip is edible and can be added to foods, or made into drinks.11 It's been a staple in Native American cuisine for hundreds of years, as they were easily found in the wild.12 Topical application of the oil extracted from rosehip can benefit your skin.13 In this article, you'll learn how to make tasty rosehip tea using roses you've grown in your garden for maximum flavor and nutrients.

Growing and Harvesting Rosehip in Your Home

Before cultivating rosehip, you need to learn how to grow roses. You'll be hitting two birds with one stone using this strategy — in addition to having a beautiful garden, you'll also have your own stock of fresh rosehip to use for cooking or aromatherapy.

To start, make sure you have organic rosa rugosa seeds, as they're known to produce plenty of rosehip pods.14 Novice gardeners will have a wonderful time growing this plant, as it is highly tolerant of most soils (even sandy soil), except for poorly drained ones. For the best growing conditions, the ground should be moderately fertile and rich in humus, with a pH level between 5.5 and 7.0.15

Scatter seeds in the soil during the spring and keep them well watered until they sprout. The flower is known to grow in partial shade, but for best results, plant them in a place with full sunlight exposure.16

Once the rose is fully in bloom and harvested, the area directly at the base of the flower will grow into rosehip seedpods.17 It's best to harvest rosehip after the first frost, as this gives the pods a bright red color and soft texture, which is perfect for culinary purposes.18 Rosehip may also be yellow or orange if you used other rose varieties. Be sure to segregate them properly to avoid confusion when growing other rose varieties for their seedpods.19

Try These Two Rosehip Tea Recipes

Rosehip is edible, but most people are not familiar on how to prepare it. The most practical way of introducing yourself to this food is through rosehip tea, which can be easily brewed in the comfort of your own home once you have your own stock of fresh rosehips. To make rosehip tea, follow this recipe, courtesy of Mother Earth Living:20

Ingredients

• 4 teaspoons cut-and-sifted rosehips (ground in a spice mill), or 4 tablespoons whole dried rosehips

• 4 cups filtered water

• 1/8 teaspoon stevia extract powder or 2 to 4 drops of stevia liquid extract (optional)

Procedure

1. Place the rosehips on a saucepan.

2. Pour the 4 cups of water and cover. Bring to a boil and simmer for five minutes.

3. Alternatively, place the rosehips in a warmed teapot and pour boiling water inside. Steep for 10 minutes.

4. Strain the saucepan (or the teapot) and put stevia if desired.

If you're not fond of the taste of warm tea, you can create an ice-cold version of it:21

Ingredients

• 4 teaspoon rosehips

• 3 cups filtered water

• Raw honey to taste (optional)

• Ice cubes

Procedure

1. Boil the water and pour into a teapot along with the rosehips.

2. Steep for five minutes and strain into a pitcher, discarding the rosehips.

3. Add honey and chill. Pour ice cubes if you want a colder drink.

Rosehip Seed Oil Is a Potent Tool for Your Arsenal

Rosehip oil, also known as rosehip seed oil, is derived from the pods of the namesake plant. It is known for its subtle woody smell instead of the fragrance the flower is known for. According to MindBodyGreen, the color of the oil can be an indicator of its quality. High-quality rosehip oil can have a deep gold or red-orange color, but inferior ones will have a clear or light yellow appearance.22

Published research notes the strong potential of using rosehip seed in helping promote optimal health. In a 2011 study conducted on mice, researchers discovered that rosehip extracts helped lower total plasma cholesterol as well as balancing overall cholesterol levels. In addition, lowered blood glucose was observed, leading to the conclusion the plant contains antidiabetic properties.23

In another study, rosehip oil was found to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects when used topically. Some skin conditions it may be effective against include eczema, neurodermatitis and cheilitis (lip inflammation).24

To use rosehip oil, simply dilute it in a carrier oil and apply it on your skin. But before you do, make sure you don't have any allergic reactions by doing a skin patch test. Aside from helping ease skin diseases, it may help fade stretchmarks, hyperpigmentation and red spots. It may also help moisturize dry skin.25

Beware When Taking Rosehip Supplements

Rosehip is available as a supplement. Using this method may help increase your intake of antioxidants and healthy fatty acids. However, consult with a doctor first, as it is reported to produce certain side effects such as:26

Vomiting

Nausea

Diarrhea

Constipation

Heartburn

Stomach cramps

Fatigue

Headaches

Trouble sleeping

Pregnant and breastfeeding women are not advised to take medicinal doses of rosehip, as there's little information regarding its safety for these demographics. Lastly, people who have the following conditions should avoid taking rosehip supplements at all costs due to possible complications:27

History of stroke and blood clots

Sickle cell disease

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Iron-related disorders such as hemochromatosis, thalassemia and anemia

Rosehip May Provide Benefits, but Use It Wisely

Rosehip is a plant that deserves more attention; not only can it assist in improving your well-being, but it also has the indirect benefit of making your garden look better. Published research about this part of the rose outlines several useful applications, such as helping your skin look better and managing inflammation. You can consume rosehip as food or tea, or use its essential oil.

Be careful of its supplement derivatives though, which are known to cause various side effects. If you still choose to go this route, consult with your doctor and look for high-quality products from reputable companies.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is rosehip good for you?

A: Rosehip may benefit your health as it is known to help manage inflammation and skin health.28,29

Q: What does rosehip do for your skin?

A: Topical application of rosehip oil may help improve the appearance of your skin, as it was noted to minimize the appearance of post-surgical scars.30

Q: How do you use rosehip?

A: Rosehip can be consumed as part of your diet or you can use the essential oil topically. Supplements are also available, but be careful, as they may have side effects. Consult a doctor before using any rosehip product.

Q: Is rosehip anti-inflammatory?

A: Rosehip has been noted to be an anti-inflammatory agent, as well as helping manage weight, according to research published in Nutrition & Metabolism.31

Q: Is rosehip good for joints?

A: Yes. One study published in 2012 notes that rosehip's anti-inflammatory properties may be specifically helpful for arthritis.32

from http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2019/02/07/xdjm18-herbs-spices-18mcsa-rosehip.aspx

source http://niapurenaturecom.weebly.com/blog/boost-your-antioxidant-and-healthy-fat-intake-with-rosehip

[jakehglover]

Boost Your Antioxidant and Healthy Fat Intake With Rosehip

Table of Contents

What Is Rosehip?

5 Published Benefits of Rosehip

Uses of Rosehip

Growing and Harvesting Rosehip

Rosehip Tea Recipes

Rosehip Seed Oil

Rosehip Supplements

Rosehip May Provide Benefits, but Use It Wisely

Rosehip FAQs

The rose is one of the most popular flowers around the world. Various cultures view it as the symbol of love and beauty due to its natural beauty and fragrant qualities. It even symbolized certain historical conflicts, such as the "War of the Roses" in 15th century England.1 But did you know that aside from the lovely blooms, this plant's seeds, called rosehips, may have benefits and uses as well? Published research shows that consuming this part of the plant can be beneficial to your health in various ways.

What Is Rosehips?

Rosehips are the seedpods of roses. They're not often found in the roses you buy at the local flower shop, as these flowers are usually pruned. But if roses are left to grow naturally, rosehip pods grow on the tips of the stems. They are edible, and the flavor is described to have the tartness of crab apples.2

Historically, rosehip has been part of many cultures. Swedes, for example, have made rosehip soup for hundreds of years, and it's a popular dish in their country. Turks, on the other hand, have long used the plant to help provide relief from stomach problems.3 During World War II, the British government asked its citizens to forage rosehip in the countryside to help provide food for the war effort.4

5 Published Benefits of Rosehip

Since rosehip has been used by numerous cultures throughout the centuries, the plant has piqued the curiosity of scientists, who are aiming to learn if the health claims are true. Here are some notable studies that provide insight on how the plant can benefit your health:

Promotes healthy skin recovery — Applying rosehip oil on wounds and scars may help improve their appearance. In one study published in 2015, researchers noted that topical application of rosehip on post-surgical scars helped improve their aesthetics.5

Boosts antioxidant profile — Rosehip is noted for its strong antioxidant capacities that may help fight dangerous free radicals throughout your body. In a study published in Food Chemistry, a rosehip fruit tea infusion was the highest ranked brew compared to other creations.6

Relieves pain — Taking rosehip powder may help relieve pain, as it was shown to have a positive effect in people diagnosed with osteoarthritis.7

Increases healthy fatty acid intake — Healthy fats are essential for optimal well-being, and rosehip has them in spades. A study in International Journal of Food Properties noted that rosehip seed oil contains linoleic acid (54.05 percent), linolenic acid (19.37) and oleic acid (19.5 percent).8 Linoleic acid, for example, has been noted for its various benefits to cardiovascular health.9

Lowers risk of cancer — A PLOS One study states that rosehip extracts have a positive effect against human colon cancer cell lines.10

Other Uses of Rosehip

Rosehip is edible and can be added to foods, or made into drinks.11 It's been a staple in Native American cuisine for hundreds of years, as they were easily found in the wild.12 Topical application of the oil extracted from rosehip can benefit your skin.13 In this article, you'll learn how to make tasty rosehip tea using roses you've grown in your garden for maximum flavor and nutrients.

Growing and Harvesting Rosehip in Your Home

Before cultivating rosehip, you need to learn how to grow roses. You'll be hitting two birds with one stone using this strategy — in addition to having a beautiful garden, you'll also have your own stock of fresh rosehip to use for cooking or aromatherapy.

To start, make sure you have organic rosa rugosa seeds, as they're known to produce plenty of rosehip pods.14 Novice gardeners will have a wonderful time growing this plant, as it is highly tolerant of most soils (even sandy soil), except for poorly drained ones. For the best growing conditions, the ground should be moderately fertile and rich in humus, with a pH level between 5.5 and 7.0.15

Scatter seeds in the soil during the spring and keep them well watered until they sprout. The flower is known to grow in partial shade, but for best results, plant them in a place with full sunlight exposure.16

Once the rose is fully in bloom and harvested, the area directly at the base of the flower will grow into rosehip seedpods.17 It's best to harvest rosehip after the first frost, as this gives the pods a bright red color and soft texture, which is perfect for culinary purposes.18 Rosehip may also be yellow or orange if you used other rose varieties. Be sure to segregate them properly to avoid confusion when growing other rose varieties for their seedpods.19

Try These Two Rosehip Tea Recipes

Rosehip is edible, but most people are not familiar on how to prepare it. The most practical way of introducing yourself to this food is through rosehip tea, which can be easily brewed in the comfort of your own home once you have your own stock of fresh rosehips. To make rosehip tea, follow this recipe, courtesy of Mother Earth Living:20

Ingredients

• 4 teaspoons cut-and-sifted rosehips (ground in a spice mill), or 4 tablespoons whole dried rosehips

• 4 cups filtered water

• 1/8 teaspoon stevia extract powder or 2 to 4 drops of stevia liquid extract (optional)

Procedure

1. Place the rosehips on a saucepan.

2. Pour the 4 cups of water and cover. Bring to a boil and simmer for five minutes.

3. Alternatively, place the rosehips in a warmed teapot and pour boiling water inside. Steep for 10 minutes.

4. Strain the saucepan (or the teapot) and put stevia if desired.

If you're not fond of the taste of warm tea, you can create an ice-cold version of it:21

Ingredients

• 4 teaspoon rosehips

• 3 cups filtered water

• Raw honey to taste (optional)

• Ice cubes

Procedure

1. Boil the water and pour into a teapot along with the rosehips.

2. Steep for five minutes and strain into a pitcher, discarding the rosehips.

3. Add honey and chill. Pour ice cubes if you want a colder drink.

Rosehip Seed Oil Is a Potent Tool for Your Arsenal

Rosehip oil, also known as rosehip seed oil, is derived from the pods of the namesake plant. It is known for its subtle woody smell instead of the fragrance the flower is known for. According to MindBodyGreen, the color of the oil can be an indicator of its quality. High-quality rosehip oil can have a deep gold or red-orange color, but inferior ones will have a clear or light yellow appearance.22

Published research notes the strong potential of using rosehip seed in helping promote optimal health. In a 2011 study conducted on mice, researchers discovered that rosehip extracts helped lower total plasma cholesterol as well as balancing overall cholesterol levels. In addition, lowered blood glucose was observed, leading to the conclusion the plant contains antidiabetic properties.23

In another study, rosehip oil was found to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects when used topically. Some skin conditions it may be effective against include eczema, neurodermatitis and cheilitis (lip inflammation).24

To use rosehip oil, simply dilute it in a carrier oil and apply it on your skin. But before you do, make sure you don't have any allergic reactions by doing a skin patch test. Aside from helping ease skin diseases, it may help fade stretchmarks, hyperpigmentation and red spots. It may also help moisturize dry skin.25

Beware When Taking Rosehip Supplements

Rosehip is available as a supplement. Using this method may help increase your intake of antioxidants and healthy fatty acids. However, consult with a doctor first, as it is reported to produce certain side effects such as:26

Vomiting

Nausea

Diarrhea

Constipation

Heartburn

Stomach cramps

Fatigue

Headaches

Trouble sleeping

Pregnant and breastfeeding women are not advised to take medicinal doses of rosehip, as there's little information regarding its safety for these demographics. Lastly, people who have the following conditions should avoid taking rosehip supplements at all costs due to possible complications:27

History of stroke and blood clots

Sickle cell disease

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Iron-related disorders such as hemochromatosis, thalassemia and anemia

Rosehip May Provide Benefits, but Use It Wisely

Rosehip is a plant that deserves more attention; not only can it assist in improving your well-being, but it also has the indirect benefit of making your garden look better. Published research about this part of the rose outlines several useful applications, such as helping your skin look better and managing inflammation. You can consume rosehip as food or tea, or use its essential oil.

Be careful of its supplement derivatives though, which are known to cause various side effects. If you still choose to go this route, consult with your doctor and look for high-quality products from reputable companies.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is rosehip good for you?

A: Rosehip may benefit your health as it is known to help manage inflammation and skin health.28,29

Q: What does rosehip do for your skin?

A: Topical application of rosehip oil may help improve the appearance of your skin, as it was noted to minimize the appearance of post-surgical scars.30

Q: How do you use rosehip?

A: Rosehip can be consumed as part of your diet or you can use the essential oil topically. Supplements are also available, but be careful, as they may have side effects. Consult a doctor before using any rosehip product.

Q: Is rosehip anti-inflammatory?

A: Rosehip has been noted to be an anti-inflammatory agent, as well as helping manage weight, according to research published in Nutrition & Metabolism.31

Q: Is rosehip good for joints?

A: Yes. One study published in 2012 notes that rosehip's anti-inflammatory properties may be specifically helpful for arthritis.32

from HealthyLife via Jake Glover on Inoreader http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2019/02/07/xdjm18-herbs-spices-18mcsa-rosehip.aspx

[carin2900700-blog]

Which Obtains Food Items Stamps? White People, Mainly.

NYC, NY-- New projections worked up due to the The Big Apple Times along with benevolent think tank Progress At All Expenses suggest that the new Republican income tax planning will certainly get rid of around 18 billion individuals away from the 7.4 billion folks presently surviving on the earth. Piketty as well as Saez have actually likewise aimed to calculate tax prices at various income degrees as time go on. Furthermore, it is actually not remote and also indifferent; this dips the homes from every African American, operating its own are going to during the course of almost every waking hour. Frequent workout can slow down these signs and symptoms of age and support maintain the body well-balanced for as long as achievable. When our company began the business version switch, our company signified the subscription growth was actually hannahsport4U.info an essential statistics for tracking our development. Yet also prior to the 15th century as well as in the course of Roman opportunities, a time when colour of skin layer still wasn't a biased judgment but simply another physical feature, dark individuals stayed in Europe. That has actually constantly been a chilly, tough area as well as Trump is, in his personal technique, an ideal American leader. The suggestion listed below really isn't always to say that white people should not utilize certain dark jargon (although currently our team ought to all of be crystal clear on the N-word debate). Our 2 Week Self Improvement Bootcamp has actually been actually created to offer you with tools to help you transform your lifestyle in the following 2 Week. Proceeding along with the present slide, you may see the special reference financings once more experienced an increase in the fourth. During this time, the percentage from monolingual German" youngsters at elementary schools fell from 88% to 76%. Yes, dark women should provide their dedication, opportunity and also interest to GUYS who allow our team for the wonderful females our company are, whether these men are actually dark, white, Eastern, Indigenous American, Arabic, Latino-- or even Inuit. Maybe the Little One Boomers are the generation very most reasonable to transform Lifestyle began excellent for this age group as well as they were actually allowed to explore their identifications. Thomas et al, Origins of Old Proof Clergymans," 139; Semina et alia, Beginning, Diffusion, and Difference," 1029; Ellen Levy-Coffman, A Variety from Folks: The Jewish Tale as well as a Reassessment from the DNA Proof," Journal of Genetic Genealogy 1 (2005 ): 12-33 15-16; Doron M. Behar et alia, A number of Origins of Ashkenazi Levites: Y Chromosome Proof for Both Near Eastern and also European Ancestries," American Publication of Human Genetic Makeup 73 (2003 ): 768-779 769. While this method does not help everybody, this strategy might function properly for individuals which prefer consuming only 2 to 3 times each day. With the exception of a couple of , the American individuals really did not appear to observe or care. Having said that, they consist of the company income tax obligation as an income tax on private revenues as well as estate taxes.

As this brand-new generation from girls graduated from university, most of all of them started effective professions in money management and organisation, industries that had actually formerly been virtually specifically male. The chart over series white and black America's perspectives on Obama's handling from nationality associations.

These include the M-1 Rail cable car device (" Gilbert's little bit of choo-choo," one source joked), which interweaves through the expanding enterprise zone; an online stock exchange for shoes; a symmetrical fiber-optic web solution that's half the cost of Comcast's; and Rocchi's Grand Festival. Individuals that enter into elations over St. Sophia should certainly get them from the guide-book (where every religion is actually mentioned as being "considered through good courts to become the absolute most remarkable structure, in many areas, that the globe has ever observed.") Otherwise they are those outdated aficionados coming from bushes from New Shirt that busily learn the distinction in between a fire-plug and also a fresco and from that day forward feel privileged to remove their critical bathos on art work, style as well as sculpture forevermore.

[nofomoartworld]

Hyperallergic: Required Reading

Seoul-based designer Sukwoo Lee designed the medals for the 2018 Winter Olympics, which will take place in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The jagged front are based on the letters of Hangul, the Korean alphabet that dates back to the 15th century. More images at Dezeen. (via Dezeen)

Bendor Grosvenor writes about museum image fees and how they’re out of whack:

But for ‘old’ art the situation is very different. Many museums will have you believe that because they are licensing newly taken photographs of, say, a Hogarth, then they have copyright over that photograph, and can therefore charge what they want for it. But this is not the case. There are variances, but essentially in both US and UK law a straightforward photographic reproduction of an old painting does not generate any new copyright implications. For a new photograph of a Hogarth to have any copyright vested in it, it must in some way be original (ie, amended, added to, written over, distorted). So don’t let museums tell you that what you’re paying for is the right to legally reproduce their photograph of their painting. They’re not. In fact, all they’re doing is hustling you.

The designer of the Papyrus font justifies his invention after SNL lampoons it:

“I designed the font when I was 23 years old. I was right out of college. I was kind of just struggling with some different life issues, I was studying the Bible, looking for God and this font came to mind, this idea of, thinking about the biblical times and Egypt and the Middle East. I just started scribbling this alphabet while I was at work and it kind of looked pretty cool,” Costello said.

He added, “I had no idea it would be on every computer in the world and used for probably every conceivable design idea. This is a big surprise to me as well.”

Curator Andrew Hunter explains why he quit the Art Gallery of Ontario:

I have always been concerned about the role art museums play in the wider world, about how truly engaged they are with the critical issues of our times. I’m fortunate to be able to teach regularly on museum and curatorial practice (currently in the graduate program at OCAD University). We often begin with the origins of the contemporary museum, which was born out of the private collections of wealthy Europeans who had built their fortunes on the extraction of resources, and people, from the most vulnerable nations in the world.

Out of this dubious practice evolved public educational institutions, or so they self-described. Really, they were outward displays of power that reinforced class division and validated the corporate and colonial systems that had made their founders rich. From wealth came power and then cultural dominance: museums set social rules, coercing the broader public toward shared values they deemed to be “acceptable.”

Saudi king’s gold escalator gets stuck (no comment):

Saudi King Salman's travel companion, his gold escalator, let him down during his historic visit to Russia http://pic.twitter.com/xgTaqV8WWG

— TRT World (@trtworld) October 5, 2017

Is the internet changing time? Laurence Scott writes:

The computer scientist and cyber-philosopher Jaron Lanier, who coined the term ‘virtual reality’ and who has written with both optimism and despair about the trajectory of the internet, believes that digitisation’s prodigious memory will be key to a sustainable global economy based primarily on exchanges of information. In Who Owns The Future?, he outlines a possible world in which data is the central commodity and all of us are properly remunerated for our contributions, conscious or involuntary, to the profitable crunching undertaken in Big Data’s storehouses. A simple example is that if you and your spouse meet on an online dating site and eventually get married, then you will receive a ‘micropayment’ every time two other people in the future are successfully matched up based on algorithms of compatibility to which your own happy coupling contributed. Lanier argues that since the data you provide – interests, profession, goals, politics – continually refine and improve the dating site’s ability to pair people, then you should own a share in the efficiency that your information nurtured. In this system, our digital pasts, archived across the network as data, resemble an actor’s filmography or an author’s back catalogue, an ongoing source of royalties. Such a model echoes Airbnb’s desire for everyone to ‘build a history’ online. Here the past is privileged in the way of all valuable things, as unforgettable as any personal treasure. Lanier’s design proposes an economy of remembering, whereby not even the smallest link in a lucrative data chain is forgotten. There is zero tolerance of structural amnesia in this system. As Lanier remarks, ‘Cash unfortunately forgets too much for an information economy.’

You know those orange-handled scissors that are in homes around the world? This is their story (I love design history.):

According to Jay Gillespie, Fiskars’s current VP of marketing, the company decided to vote on what color the final scissors design would be before it went into production. At the time, Gillespie says, colors like orange and lime were very popular, so they decided to stick with orange. “An icon was born from [that vote],” he says.

Nina Burleigh of Newsweek takes a look at Trump’s relationship with God:

Trump’s long and sometimes confounding spiritual journey started in Jamaica, Queens, at the bite-sized First Presbyterian Church, and later, at the WASPy Marble Collegiate Church on Manhattan’s Fifth Avenue, where prosperity prophet Norman Vincent Peale preached that you could think yourself to success. In 1952, Peale published The Power of Positive Thinking, a New York Times best-seller for 186 weeks that sold more than 5 million copies and was translated into 15 languages. That tome and his hailstorm of follow-up titles trained a generation of Americans to grin and fake it all the way to the bank. His theology was well summarized by the mantra Fred Trump pounded into his boy, Donald: “You are a killer. You are a king.”

That nugget may have been as close as young Donald ever got to Scripture. During the recent presidential campaign, he called the biblical book Second Corinthians “Two Corinthians,” a transgression on par with referring to the Holy Trinity as the Three Amigos. He has called Communion “my little wine” and “my little cracker.” More alarming for the truly pious, he couldn’t come up with a favorite Bible verse when asked during the campaign, except to say he liked the Old Testament’s “an eye for an eye.”

This investigation by Buzzfeed gives very credible evidence for the close relationship between alt-right troll Milo, Breitbart and lots of other figures (including Peter Thiel) with the white nationalist movement. This is a must-read:

And the cache of emails — some of the most newsworthy of which BuzzFeed News is now making public — expose the extent to which this machine depended on Yiannopoulos, who channeled voices both inside and outside the establishment into a clear narrative about the threat liberal discourse posed to America. The emails tell the story of Steve Bannon’s grand plan for Yiannopoulos, whom the Breitbart executive chairman transformed from a charismatic young editor into a conservative media star capable of magnetizing a new generation of reactionary anger. Often, the documents reveal, this anger came from a legion of secret sympathizers in Silicon Valley, Hollywood, academia, suburbia, and everywhere in between.

In case you wondered what equivalent climate regions around the world were for the US, this map is interesting:

US climate with equivalent cities from around the world [OC] [1513 x 983] from MapPorn

Mona Kareem writes about popular fascination with fiction by Arab dictators:

The news of this new release provoked me, specifically because it reflects a demeaning western approach to modern Arabic literature. Back in 2003, Saddam’s novels were widely discussed among Arab intellectuals exchanging accusations of writing for dictators for money, or under threat. It was an exhausting and embarrassing battle, but nevertheless necessary. At least in these debates, no one claimed to be “politically neutral.” Political neutrality is the discourse of the dominant, they who take their individuality for granted and in such they assume that their actions can be abstract, ahistorical, and isolated of all contexts.

The interest in “Saddam Hussein’s world,” as one Iraqi novelist once described it, was a serious western fetish after the Iraq war. Despite the fact that the man ran a bloody and exciting life, in all impossible ways, the scale of horror and violence was not satisfactory for western eyes. They needed play-cards, movies, novels, video games, private recordings, and all sorts of things to complete a picture of the enemy. It was the best way to abstract the mass destruction of Iraq as something far, far away, on another planet, in Saddam Hussein’s world.

If you buy a US flag made in the United States, there’s a good chance it was made by a prisoner:

I was born and raised in California and certainly took my fair share of California history classes from elementary school through college. In high school, I marched in protests against Proposition 21, the 2000 ballot initiative that made it easier to prosecute young people, and I was educated by the types of teachers who gave extra credit for attending demonstrations in downtown San Francisco against the Iraq War. But even I was surprised to learn that our country’s symbols of freedom were made by women who had none.

What should Canadian Twitter users with the new increased character count? Well:

All true Canadians know there is only one proper use of the new 280 character limit on Twitter. | Tous les vrais Canadiens savent qu'il n'y a qu'une bonne utilisation de la nouvelle limite de 280 caractères sur Twitter.

— Matt BB-8 (@tederick) September 28, 2017

Required Reading is published every Sunday morning ET, and is comprised of a short list of art-related links to long-form articles, videos, blog posts, or photo essays worth a second look.

The post Required Reading appeared first on Hyperallergic.

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Affenspinscher

Canine breed group: associate dogs Top: 9 inches to eleven inches tall on the shoulder Weight: 7 to nine kilos Lifestyles span: 12 to fourteen years The affenpinscher, additionally called the "monkey canine" ("affen" manner "ape/monkey" in german, and "pinscher" means "terrier"), is small however feisty, full of spunk and strength. This mustachioed little devil is descended from the severa small terriers that populated seventeenth and 18th century stables and stores at some point of europe, ridding them of rats and mice.

A number of the wise, wiry-haired puppies ought to have caught the attention of girls, due to the fact in the end they have been bred to be smaller, the higher to be a companion dog. Nowadays the affen is a rare breed, but he got here to public notice in 2002 while ch yarrow's first-rate nova received the toy group in 2002 at the nationally televised westminster kennel membership show.

This breed combines clownlike appeal with a ambitious nature, and his innovative concept process by no means ceases to astound and entertain his humans. He learns fast and adjusts quite simply to trade, so he is a very good vacationer who's constantly equipped for a new adventure. Those who live with affens appreciate their sensitivity and gentleness but warn that they're the critical huge dog in a small frame.

Strong, clever, and alert, the affenpinscher is an incredible watchdog who fears not anything. He is now not commonly loud, however he's excitable. As soon as he's on alert, it takes a while for him to chill out. He is taking seriously his obligation to shield domestic, own family, and territory, and won't hesitate to alert the entire community that someone is approaching the front door. Common socialization with other human beings and animals is a ought to for the affenpinscher to develop up to be a balanced grownup. Without it, he'll never live up to his potential.

The affenpinscher has a mind of his very own and is regularly categorised as stubborn. He wishes early and regular education. Fortuitously, he's keen to research and to thrill his human beings when he's taught with superb reinforcement strategies consisting of reward, play, and food rewards. He can compete in obedience and agility, and his entertainment capacity makes him a superb remedy dog. Who would not chortle to see him walking on his hind legs or waggling his eyebrows in a canine impersonation of groucho marx?

Whilst affenpinschers are known for making their people snicker, they are no longer the great breed for a household complete of youngsters regardless of their antics. They aren't regarded to especially like children, and they won't hesitate to bite if provoked.

The affen is a character, and that is a part of his enchantment. Remember him if you're interested by a small dog who enjoys seeing the attractions, is an exquisite watchdog, and will always make you chortle.

Highlights

Like many toy dog breeds, the affenpinscher may be difficult to housetrain. Crate schooling is suggested. Whilst the fur of an affenpinscher is wiry and is often taken into consideration hypoallergenic, this isn't to be incorrect with "non-dropping." all dogs shed or produce dander. Due to their background as ratters, affenpinschers have a tendency to no longer do properly with rodent pets which includes hamsters, ferrets, gerbils, and many others. They do, however, have a tendency to get along with fellow dogs in the family and can discover ways to get together with cats, especially if they're raised with them. Affenpinschers are generally now not advocated for families with infants or small children--it isn't a breed this is certainly inclined to like children. The affenpinscher is dependable to his adult own family members and may be a exceptional associate for a family with older kids. The affenpinscher is a rare breed. Be organized to spend time on a waiting list if you're interested in acquiring one. To get a healthy canine, by no means purchase a doggy from an irresponsible breeder, doggy mill, or pet keep. Search for a reputable breeder who checks her breeding puppies to make sure they're free of genetic sicknesses that they might pass onto the dogs, and that they have got sound temperaments. Records

The affenpinscher's forebears date at the least to the seventeenth century, although extra dependable documentation of this breed date again only to the past due nineteenth century. Artwork via dutch artists as a long way back because the 15th century depict small, hard-coated, bearded puppies, and those may additionally really be some of the affenpinscher's ancestors.

Originating in germany and applied closely all through valuable europe for his or her rat-catching abilities, these terrier-kind dogs have been welcome personnel in stables, stores, farms, and homes.

Some of the intelligent, wiry-haired puppies need to have stuck the eye of women, due to the fact subsequently they have been bred to be smaller, the higher to be a associate dog. A few sources credit score a breeder in lubeck, germany, with being the first to miniaturize the ratters, however as with so many breeds, the tale of the way the affenpinscher was created is misplaced to records.

They may had been crossed with pugs, smoothcoated german pinschers, and a canine referred to as the german silky pinscher. Affenpinscher-type puppies additionally contributed to the improvement of other breeds, such as the brussels griffon and the miniature schnauzer. It's clean to peer their courting while you look at their difficult coats and bearded faces.

The town of munich become the heart of early affenpinscher development, however the breed changed into additionally famous someplace else in germany. The berlin lapdog membership commenced to formulate a breed trendy for the affenpinscher in 1902, however the true breed preferred became now not finalized until 1913.

This standard, translated to english, changed into adopted by way of the yankee kennel club and the affenpinscher was officially entered into the akc stud e-book in 1936. The first affen registered with the akc was named nollie v. Anwander, one among 4 german imports belonging to bessie mally of cicero, illinois.

International struggle ii interrupted the breeding of the affenpinscher in the u.S.. It wasn't till the Fifties that hobby within the breed revived. He's nonetheless rare nowadays, despite the fact that he received a chunk of movie star in 2002 while ch yarrow's super nova won the toy organization in 2002 on the nationally televised westminster kennel membership display. The affenpinscher ranks 125th a few of the breeds and varieties recognized via the yankee kennel club.

Length

Affenpinschers are 9.Five to 11.Five inches tall and weigh 7 to nine pounds.

Personality

The affen is affectionate and curious, continually on the alert. He is unswerving to his family and could do his tiny great to shield them from harm. It's essential to save you him from taking over puppies ten times his length. He's excitable and can take some time to chill out within the face of anything he views as a threat.

Like every canine, affenpinschers want early socialization--publicity to many exclusive human beings, attractions, sounds, and reports--when they're young. Socialization allows make certain that your affen puppy grows up to be a properly-rounded, outgoing, pleasant canine and remains that way. Enrolling him in a doggy kindergarten magnificence is a great start. Inviting site visitors over frequently, and taking him to busy parks, shops that permit dogs, and on leisurely strolls to fulfill neighbors will even help him polish his social talents.

Health

Affenpinschers are generally healthful, however like several breeds, they may be at risk of certain fitness conditions. Not all affens will get all or any of those diseases, however it is crucial to be aware about them in case you're considering this breed.

Patellar luxation: also known as "slipped stifles," that is a commonplace hassle in small dogs. It is induced while the patella, which has 3 elements--the femur (thigh bone), patella (knee cap), and tibia (calf)--isn't properly covered up. This reasons lameness within the leg or an abnormal gait, kind of like a pass or a hop. It's far a situation that is present at delivery even though the actual misalignment or luxation does now not constantly arise until tons later. The rubbing as a result of patellar luxation can result in arthritis, a degenerative joint sickness. There are four grades of patellar luxation, ranging from grade i, an occasional luxation inflicting brief lameness inside the joint, to grade iv, in which the turning of the tibia is excessive and the patella can't be realigned manually. This offers the dog a bowlegged look. Intense grades of patellar luxation may also require surgical restore. Legg-perthes disorder: commonly a disease of small breeds, this condition--a deformity of the ball of the hip joint--generally seems at 6 to nine months of age and can be burdened with hip dysplasia. It causes sporting and arthritis. It can be repaired surgically, and the analysis is ideal with the assist of rehabilitation remedy later on. Hip dysplasia: this is a heritable situation in which the thighbone would not in shape snugly into the hip joint. A few dogs show ache and lameness on one or each rear legs, but you could no longer note any signs and symptoms of discomfort in a dog with hip dysplasia. Because the dog a while, arthritis can increase. X-ray screening for hip dysplasia is done with the aid of the orthopedic basis for animals or the college of pennsylvania hip improvement program (pennhip). Puppies with hip dysplasia need to now not be bred. In case you're shopping for a doggy, ask the breeder for evidence that the mother and father had been tested for hip dysplasia and are freed from problems. Hip dysplasia is hereditary, however it could also be triggered via environmental elements, which includes fast growth from a high-calorie weight loss program or accidents incurred from leaping or falling on slick flooring. Coronary heart murmurs: coronary heart murmurs are because of a disturbance within the blood go with the flow via the chambers of the coronary heart. They are a trademark that there can be a disorder or circumstance of the heart as a way to need to be monitored and dealt with. In case you're buying a puppy, find a exact breeder who will show you health clearances for each your puppy's mother and father. Health clearances prove that a dog has been tested for and cleared of a selected circumstance. In affens, you should anticipate to peer health clearances from the orthopedic foundation for animals (ofa) for hip dysplasia (with a rating of fair or better), elbow dysplasia, hypothyroidism, and von willebrand's disorder; from auburn university for thrombopathia; and from the dog eye registry basis (cerf) certifying that eyes are ordinary. You may verify health clearances with the aid of checking the ofa internet website online (offa.Org).

Care

The affenpinscher is a perfect canine for condo residing, especially when you have acquaintances who do not thoughts occasional barking. Short, brisk walks or a appropriate period of time in the outdoor is sufficient exercise for this strong but most effective moderately energetic canine.

Because he's so small, the affenpinscher should be a full-time housedog, with access simplest to a totally fenced outside while no longer supervised. Those dogs may not hesitate to confront animals a good deal large than themselves, an encounter that might result in tragedy.

Like many toy breeds, the affenpinscher can be hard to housetrain. Be patient and regular. Crate education is recommended.

The important thing to training an affenpinscher is to always keep schooling a laugh. Use lots of reward and motivation!

Feeding

Encouraged each day amount: 1/4 to half of cup of super dry meals a day, divided into two meals.

Notice: how a good deal your adult dog eats relies upon on his length, age, build, metabolism, and pastime level. Dogs are people, just like humans, and they do not all need the same quantity of food. It almost is going without announcing that a notably lively canine will want more than a sofa potato dog. The great of dog meals you buy also makes a distinction--the better the dog food, the similarly it's going to cross towards nourishing your canine and the much less of it you'll want to shake into your canine's bowl.

Preserve your affenpinscher trim via measuring his food and feeding him two times an afternoon in place of leaving meals out all of the time. In case you're unsure whether or not he is overweight, give him the attention test and the palms-on check. First, look down at him. You should be capable of see a waist. Then region your arms on his returned, thumbs alongside the spine, with the palms unfold downward. You should be capable of sense however now not see his ribs while not having to press hard. In case you can not, he needs less food and greater exercise.

For extra on feeding your affen, see our pointers for buying the proper food, feeding your puppy, and feeding your adult dog.

Coat colour and grooming

Shaggy but neat describes the affenpinscher's preferred look. He has a thick, difficult coat with a harsh texture, approximately one inch long at the body, shorter at the rump and tail, and longer and shaggier on the top (wherein it contributes to the monkeylike expression), neck, chest, stomach, and legs. The longer fur round the top and shoulders resembles a cape. Affens do not shed plenty, however their rough coat must be stripped to keep its characteristic texture.

You may discover the affenpinscher wearing black, gray, silver, black and tan, or red, which tiers from brownish to an orangey tan. A few purple affenpinschers have black, brown, or white hair jumbled in with the pink, at the side of tan furniture, and a few black affenpinschers have a few white or silver hairs jumbled together. The fixtures--the longer hair--can be a chunk lighter than the rest of the frame. In europe, affenpinschers come only in black, every now and then with a mild frosting of grey.

To maintain the shaggy but neat appearance, brush your affen weekly with a small slicker brush, then comb him with a metallic "greyhound" comb. Use your arms to gently split any mats or tangles you come across. It may assist to spray them with detangler solution first. There may be loads greater to trimming and stripping the affen's coat to reap his specific appearance, but it is without difficulty learned. Your canine's breeder can show you ways, or you may locate instructions at the affenpinscher club of america internet site. Be affected person and chronic while grooming your affen, and you may each be satisfied with the results.

Different grooming needs consist of dental hygiene and nail care. Like most small breeds, affens have problems with periodontal sickness. Brush their enamel numerous instances a week to assist take away tartar and bacteria. Each day is great.

Trim nails a couple of times a month if your canine would not put on them down naturally. If you could listen them clicking at the floor, they may be too long. Brief, well trimmed nails maintain the toes in right condition and prevent your legs from getting scratched when your affenpinscher enthusiastically jumps as much as greet you.

Begin accustoming your affenpinscher to being brushed and examined while he is a pup. Cope with his paws often--dogs are touchy about their toes--and appearance internal his mouth and ears. Make grooming a high quality enjoy filled with reward and rewards, and you may lay the groundwork for clean veterinary tests and other dealing with when he's an grownup.

As you groom, take a look at for sores, rashes, or signs and symptoms of contamination along with redness, tenderness, or infection at the pores and skin, inside the ears, nostril, mouth, and eyes, and at the feet. Ears ought to odor proper, without too much wax or gunk inside, and eyes must be clean, without a redness or discharge. Your careful weekly exam will assist you see capability fitness issues early.

Youngsters and different pets

Affenpinschers don't like competitive conduct consisting of hitting, undesirable squeezing or hugging, or chasing to catch them or cornering them to maintain in a lap. If they cannot break out, they may guard themselves by means of growling or snapping. For these motives, they may be no longer suitable choices for houses with younger youngsters. Often younger kids don't keep in mind that a cute little affenpinscher may not want "love and kisses."

It's a good concept to socialize any puppy to young kids, even if he won't be living with them, but you ought to usually supervise their interactions. In no way allow young kids pick out up a doggy or small dog. As a substitute, lead them to sit down at the floor with the dog of their lap. Take note of the dog's frame language, and put him adequately in his crate if he appears to be sad or uncomfortable with the kid's attention.

Continually teach kids the way to method and touch dogs, and continually supervise any interactions between dogs and young children to save you any biting or ear or tail pulling on the a part of both birthday party. Educate your child by no means to approach any dog at the same time as he is ingesting or dozing or to try to take the canine's meals away. No canine should ever be left unsupervised with a child.

Affenpinschers typically get along well with other dogs and cats in the circle of relatives, however like maximum toy breeds they may be absolutely unaware of their size and will take on puppies much bigger than themselves. Be organized to guard them from themselves.

Rescue businesses

Affenpinschers are occasionally bought without any clear information of what goes into owning one. These puppies may additionally land up in want of adoption or fostering.

Affenpinscher rescue Breed agencies

Underneath are breed golf equipment, businesses, and associations in which you may discover additional facts approximately the affenpinscher.

Affenpinscher membership of the us

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