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#downbad#ohmygodohmygodohmygod#i lobe h#BARK BARK BARK BARJ BARK#AWOOOGAAAA HUMMINA HUMMINA MY HEART IS BEATING OUT OF MY CHEST RN DO YOY HEAR IT? ITS GOING BADUMP BADUMP BADUMP BADUMP BADUMP I LOVE YOUUU#NOAH SCHNAPP OH MY GODDD PLEASE MARRY ME EICIXJWJWNE C D S S D D I LOVE YOU U UAHAHH HUMMINA HUMMINAAA#BADUMP BADUMP BADUMP BADUMP BADUMP BADUMP I LOBE YOUU OMG AWOOGA HUMMINA AWOOGGGAAAAAAAAA I LOVEVEE EE YOUUU U U U U U NOAH SHCNAPP OH MY#DUDEEE HEA SO AMAMZIGN AND HES SO CUTE AMD HES SWEET AND HES COOL AND HES ACTIVE AND HE CARES ABOUT HIS FANS AND I LIVE HIM SO MUCH ITS SO#ITS PROBABLY SO PITIFUL HOW MUCHCI LIVE HIM MAN I TALK IN MIRRORS AND PRRTEND ITS HIM IM TALKING TO I LIVE YOY SNOHAH H RAA ABCHSJWI H HJSJ#im sorry to all my irls that see this but like QEJEIDIAKWJDNDN OMGG I LOVE HOM SO MICH MAN I LOVE HIM I LOVE HIM I LOVE HIM I LOVE HIM I LO#DUDEEEE IM SORRY TO EVERYONE WHO HAS TO SEE THIS BUT OMGG I LOVE YOU H U U U U U UO MGMGNWNWNW W W AA AA A A AWOOOGAAAA JDSJEKKDKCKDJWKSKDK#ILL NEVER LET YOU GO AGAINNN LIKE I DIDDD OH I USED TO SAYYY I WOULD NEVER FALL IN LOVE AGAIN UNTIL I FOUND MOAH SCHNAPP I SAID I WOULD JEV#DUDR ILL BE THE MIKE TO YOUR WILL OR THE WILL TO YOUR MIKE IDC ILL CHANGE EVETYTHING ABOUT ME ILY PLEASR MARRY ME I LOBE YOU I LOVE YOU I L#IM SCREAMINGGG AA FNWJWJWJ I LOVE YOUUU MAO I I I LOVVE RYOUUU U MARRRY MEMEEEEE E EPLEASEEEE I LOVEVYOUU BARK BARK BARK BARK BADK BADK B#IDC IF I GET CALLED A SIMP I LOVE HIM SO MUCH MAN HES SO SWEERT OVMGNGNF I LOVEVHIMMM EAAAA FJSJSII NOAH SCHNAPP WOWZZZAAAA AAA#AWOOOOOGAAA AWOWZAAAAA EXPLOSIONS EXPLOSIONS MY HEARTS EXPLODING O LOVE YOU U UU MORE THAN FINN WOLFHARD I LIVE YOU MORE THAN EVERYTHING IL#I LOVE YPUU U UU U SNJAS D RA A A D E EB I LOVE YOU I LOVE YOU I LOVE YOY I LOVE YOU I LOVE YOU I LOVE YOU I LOVE YOU I LOVE YOU I LOVE Y#I MEAN THIS WITH FULL HOMO IM NOT EVEN GONNA SAY NO HOMO CUS ATP I KNOW ITS HOMO ITA ZO HOMO I LOVE YUOU MAN I LOVE YO#I LOVEVYOU INT THE WAY A MAN LOVES A WOMAN IM GAY IDC CALL ME GAY I LOVE YOU NOAH SCHNAPP AWOOOGAAAAA WOWZAAAAA THE CURE LIED BECAUSE I CR#I CRY OBER NOAH SCHNAPP I LIVE YOU NOAH I LIVE YOU AWOOGAGAAA#ORJWNWNNDNDNSNDND WJWKI K IM SO AISIXI I JHWBWNSDNNFNAN J JBEBWBW E D DBDNXJ J JOHHHHH SWWWRRRT BBABBBAABY YYY JESUUSSSSS S I WOSHIP P P Y#OH MYNGODD DMAN I LIVE YOU PLEASE MARTY ME MARRY ME MARRY ME MARRY ME MARRY ME ILL DO ANYTHING ILL GET TALLER ILL CHANGE MY GENDER AGAIN BR#PLSS PLS PLS PLS PKSSS I LOVE YOUU U U ILL FALL OUT OF MY CHAIR ILL EAT MY HAND ILL EAT MY HAIR ILL WATCH FAMILY GUY PLS IM BEGGING ILYY MA#i really hope none of my irls see this dude.
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So You Want to Write about Horses: Color Edition
Well, your knight better not be riding in on a white horse, because that horse is actually grey! And what do you mean a brown horse? Is your cowboy's faithful horse sorrel or chestnut and what does it matter?
I can help.
(Part 4! Enjoy this post? Want to know more? Check out So You Want To Write About Horses Part 1 and Part 2 and So You Want To Write About Horses: Medieval Edition)
Lets begin with base horse colors:
This is fairly easy. All horses are either red-based or black-based. The other colors of horses are all modifications on these two basic variations. A plain red-based horse is a chestnut horse. If you live West of the Mississippi river, you would call this horse a sorrel. Same thing.
A plain black-based horse is a black horse.
Easy, right?
Genetically speaking, the choice between a black or a chestnut is controlled by the Extension gene, represented as E/e. A black horse is created when the genetics are either EE or Ee, as the Extension gene is dominant. A chestnut horse can only be ee, the regressive form with no black hair expression.
However, black horses are actually not that common, relatively speaking. Most horses are some form of chestnut, ee, or a bay.
The bay horse is a variation on a black base. They have black manes and tails, black on their legs, and red or brown bodies. A bay horse is created by the Agouti gene (A/a), which changes the expression of the Extension gene (E/e). So a horse with EE AA will be a bay horse, like above. A horse with Ee Aa will also be a bay horse, exactly the same. In order for a horse to be black, they must have a dominant Extension gene and a regressive Agouti gene, EE aa or Ee aa.
Chestnut horses have no black in their coat, so the Agouti gene cannot affect them. They can be carriers, however, and make a bay horse when paired with a black horse. A chestnut horse could be ee aa, ee Aa, or ee AA, and look completely the same.
Congradulations, you now know horse color genetics! Now for the fun ones.
Dun Genes
If you've ever seen Spirit, Stallion of the Cimarron, you know this color
^This is the actual colt that Dreamworks animators modeled from!
Dun (D/nd1/nd2) is a gene that modifies all base coat colors. It can modify black, creating a black dun/grullo horse, it can modify bay, creating a bay dun, and it can modify chestnut, creating a red dun. In all of these variations, the body of the horse is lightened, the mane, tail, and legs are dark, and the horse has 'primitive' markings, including an eel stripe down the back, darker face, and leg bars.
If you notice, dun has three variations! D is the dominant form, so any horse with D is a dun of some kind. Nd1 is a variant in the same gene that gives the horse similar markings, but it is not dun, and will be over powered by the dominant D version. Nd2 is a horse with no dun factor, so no markings or lighter coat. Dun horses can be D/D, D/nd2, D/nd1. A horse with non-dun factor (and look similar to a dun) can be nd1/nd1 or nd1/nd2. A bay, black, or chestnut horse will be nd2/nd2.
Cream Gene
Another gene diluting color is the cream gene, which you may know from the famous horse of Roy Rogers, Trigger
Trigger is a beautiful example of a palomino, a red-based cream dilute. As you can see, Trigger has a pale mane and tale and a gold colored body. Cream (Cr/Prl/-) is a dilution gene, or a hypomelanism gene, meaning it prevents red color in horse hair. Any red on a horse will be lightened. Chestnut horses, being all red, will have their entire bodies, mane, and tail lightened. Bay horses, with red hair only on their bodies, will have the body lightened, but the black mane, tail, and legs stay black, creating a buckskin horse
But wait! That horse looks exactly like the bay dun horse! Yes. Yes they do. However, buckskins do not have eel stripes, leg bars, or darker heads, and are a completely different gene. In fact, you can mix the two get a cream dun (Dunskin). It might be a slightly lighter dun.
Because a black horse has no red, black horses with the Cream dilute stay black, IF they have only one version (Ee aa Cr). Cream is an incomplete dominant gene, meaning that two versions makes the effect of the gene even stronger. Double creme dilutes are Cremellos, and they are very pale (but not white!)
The double creme dilute overrides all the other genes. They are still there, but the horse is so pale, you can't see them. A variation of this color is the perlino, a horse with a recessive dilute gene called Pearl (Prl/-)
Pearl is recessive, meaning that one copy does not change the horse's coat. Two copies creates the perlino, and because Pearl is on the same gene as Cream, a false cremello can be created by a horse with one cream gene and one pearl gene. Crazy, right?
Now, there are so many more genes, but lets skip ahead to some patterns.
Horse Patterns
These are technically not colors, but rather genes that selectively turn off color in certain areas to create a coat pattern in horses. The most important of these are Tobiano, Frame, and Appaloosa genes.
Tobiano is the gene for the coats of Paint horses (a color breed with a registry) and one of the genes for pinto horses. Pinto means any horse with large splashes of white, which includes the Frame gene, also known as Overo.
Both of these horses are Pintos, but only the lower one is an American Paint Horse, or Paint, and the top one has the Tobiano gene (TO), while the bottom has the Frame gene (O). A horse can be double Tobiano (TO/TO), Tobiano and Frame (known as Tovero) (TO/O), but a double Frame horse will die an early and painful death, due to Lethal White Factor.
Lethal White Overo is when two Frame horses are bred together and the foal receives the O gene from both parents. The foal can survive birth, but has malformations of the intestines that are incompatable with life. ALL affected horses die within days of birth.
Appaloosa horses are a very interesting horse. Technically, Appaloosa refers to a breed, developed by the Nez Perce tribe in the Pacific Northwest. Appaloosa is thought to come from "a Palouse horse", the name of a major river in the tribe's area. When the tribe was forced on a reservation, most of the horses were slaughtered or given to local white settlers, leading to many Appaloosa horses becoming merged to the Quarter Horse breed. As a result, most people use it as a color term.
Nancy Wak Wak (Umatilla) on an Appaloosa, 1937. Oregon Historical Society Research Library, 018041
The genes responsible for the Appaloosa pattern is the Leopard Complex, controlled by an incomplete dominant gene (Lp/-), which turns on the complex when present, and turns it off when absent. Several other genes control the amount of white, the type of white, how big the spots are, ect. One Lp turns the complex on, but two Lps creates a mostly white blanket, or a fewspot coat.
This horse has double Lp. The horse above it has one Lp, creating the many spotted coat.
Not all spotted horses are Appaloosas! In Denmark, the Knabstrupper is a breed of horse with no relation to the Appaloosa, but with the same gene creating the same spotted coat. Completely different breed, different origins, but same genes.
In all of these patterns, the pattern can be maximal, or very visible, or minimal, and not visible at all. A horse can look solid colored, but be hiding a pattern gene. So if you want to make babies, test your horse's genetics first! You do not want to accidentally cause a genetic deficiency.
Finally, the famous white horse.
Grey and White Horses
Most 'white' horses are actually grey. White horses are very rare. Grey horses are called grey because they are born with a colored coat, but because of the Grey gene (G/g) they lose color as they get older. Grey horses go through many colors throughout their lives.
A grey foal and grey mother. Babies are born with the base color visible, but lose it as they age.
A dapple grey horse in the process of losing its baby coat.
A fully greyed-out horse at adulthood. Even all grey, the skin around it's eyes and nose is still black, because the skin underneath has not lost color, only the hair.
A white horse is born white, will always be white, and is never naturally any other color. The skin of a white horse is pink, because it, like the hair, does not have color.
Sodashi is a Japanese racehorse and a member of a super-rare white horse family. Several members of her family are pure white, due to a mutation that gives them extreme white pattern, much like with the Tobiano gene. Her relative, Buchiko, shows the minimal pattern that gives them their white color.
Same pattern, but maximal and minimal expression!
#reach#writing#writing horses#writer advice#how to write#writing advice#writing help#writeblr#creative writing#writers on tumblr#writeblr community#writers#writerscommunity#horses#basic horse things#horse colors#cowboy
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E Ea Eb Ec Ed Ee Ef Eg Eh Ei Ej Ek El Em En Eo Ep Eq Er Es Et Eu Ev Ew Ex Ey Ez
F Fa Fb Fc Fd Fe Ff Fg Fh Fi Fj Fk Fl Fm Fn Fo Fp Fq Fr Fs Ft Fu Fv Fw Fx Fy Fz
G Ga Gb Gc Gd Ge Gf Gg Gh Gi Gj Gk Gl Gm Gn Go Gp Gq Gr Gs Gt Gu Gv Gw Gx Gy Gz
H Ha Hb Hc Hd He Hf Hg Hh Hi Hj Hk Hl Hm Hn Ho Hp Hq Hr Hs Ht Hu Hv Hw Hx Hy Hz
I Ia Ib Ic Id Ie If Ig Ih Ii Ij Ik Il Im In Io Ip Iq Ir Is It Iu Iv Iw Ix Iy Iz
J Ja Jb Jc Jd Je Jf Jg Jh Ji Jj Jk Jl Jm Jn Jo Jp Jq Jr Js Jt Ju Jv Jw Jx Jy Jz
K Ka Kb Kc Kd Ke Kf Kg Kh Ki Kj Kk Kl Km Kn Ko Kp Kq Kr Ks Kt Ku Kv Kw Kx Ky Kz
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M Ma Mb Mc Md Me Mf Mg Mh Mi Mj Mk Ml Mm Mn Mo Mp Mq Mr Ms Mt Mu Mv Mw Mx My Mz
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ߺ ᩿ ⵿
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Country Codes List
CountryAlpha 2Alpha 3 CodeUN Code
A
Afghanistan AF AFG 004
ALA Aland Islands AX ALA 248
Albania AL ALB 008
Algeria DZ DZA 012
American Samoa AS ASM 016
Andorra AD AND 020
Angola AO AGO 024
Anguilla AI AIA 660
Antarctica AQ ATA 010
Antigua and Barbuda AG ATG 028
Argentina AR ARG 032
Armenia AM ARM 051
Aruba AW ABW 533
Australia AU AUS 036
Austria AT AUT 040
Azerbaijan AZ AZE 031
B
Bahamas BS BHS 044
Bahrain BH BHR 048
Bangladesh BD BGD 050
Barbados BB BRB 052
Belarus BY BLR 112
Belgium BE BEL 056
Belize BZ BLZ 084
Benin BJ BEN 204
Bermuda BM BMU 060
Bhutan BT BTN 064
Bolivia BO BOL 068
Bosnia and Herzegovina BA BIH 070
Botswana BW BWA 072
Bouvet Island BV BVT 074
Brazil BR BRA 076
British Virgin Islands VG VGB 092
British Indian Ocean Territory IO IOT 086
Brunei Darussalam BN BRN 096
Bulgaria BG BGR 100
Burkina Faso BF BFA 854
Burundi BI BDI 108
C
Cambodia KH KHM 116
Cameroon CM CMR 120
Canada CA CAN 124
Cape Verde CV CPV 132
Cayman Islands KY CYM 136
Central African Republic CF CAF 140
Chad TD TCD 148
Chile CL CHL 152
China CN CHN 156
Hong Kong, SAR China HK HKG 344
Macao, SAR China MO MAC 446
Christmas Island CX CXR 162
Cocos (Keeling) Islands CC CCK 166
Colombia CO COL 170
Comoros KM COM 174
Congo (Brazzaville) CG COG 178
Congo, (Kinshasa) CD COD 180
Cook Islands CK COK 184
Costa Rica CR CRI 188
Côte d'Ivoire CI CIV 384
Croatia HR HRV 191
Cuba CU CUB 192
Cyprus CY CYP 196
Czech Republic CZ CZE 203
D
Denmark DK DNK 208
Djibouti DJ DJI 262
Dominica DM DMA 212
Dominican Republic DO DOM 214
E
Ecuador EC ECU 218
Egypt EG EGY 818
El Salvador SV SLV 222
Equatorial Guinea GQ GNQ 226
Eritrea ER ERI 232
Estonia EE EST 233
Ethiopia ET ETH 231
F
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) FK FLK 238
Faroe Islands FO FRO 234
Fiji FJ FJI 242
Finland FI FIN 246
France FR FRA 250
French Guiana GF GUF 254
French Polynesia PF PYF 258
French Southern Territories TF ATF 260
G
Gabon GA GAB 266
Gambia GM GMB 270
Georgia GE GEO 268
Germany DE DEU 276
Ghana GH GHA 288
Gibraltar GI GIB 292
Greece GR GRC 300
Greenland GL GRL 304
Grenada GD GRD 308
Guadeloupe GP GLP 312
Guam GU GUM 316
Guatemala GT GTM 320
Guernsey GG GGY 831
Guinea GN GIN 324
Guinea-Bissau GW GNB 624
Guyana GY GUY 328
H
Haiti HT HTI 332
Heard and Mcdonald Islands HM HMD 334
Holy See (Vatican City State) VA VAT 336
Honduras HN HND 340
Hungary HU HUN 348
I
Iceland IS ISL 352
India IN IND 356
Indonesia ID IDN 360
Iran, Islamic Republic of IR IRN 364
Iraq IQ IRQ 368
Ireland IE IRL 372
Isle of Man IM IMN 833
Israel IL ISR 376
Italy IT ITA 380
J
Jamaica JM JAM 388
Japan JP JPN 392
Jersey JE JEY 832
Jordan JO JOR 400
K
Kazakhstan KZ KAZ 398
Kenya KE KEN 404
Kiribati KI KIR 296
Korea (North) KP PRK 408
Korea (South) KR KOR 410
Kuwait KW KWT 414
Kyrgyzstan KG KGZ 417
L
Lao PDR LA LAO 418
Latvia LV LVA 428
Lebanon LB LBN 422
Lesotho LS LSO 426
Liberia LR LBR 430
Libya LY LBY 434
Liechtenstein LI LIE 438
Lithuania LT LTU 440
Luxembourg LU LUX 442
M
Macedonia, Republic of MK MKD 807
Madagascar MG MDG 450
Malawi MW MWI 454
Malaysia MY MYS 458
Maldives MV MDV 462
Mali ML MLI 466
Malta MT MLT 470
Marshall Islands MH MHL 584
Martinique MQ MTQ 474
Mauritania MR MRT 478
Mauritius MU MUS 480
Mayotte YT MYT 175
Mexico MX MEX 484
Micronesia, Federated States of FM FSM 583
Moldova MD MDA 498
Monaco MC MCO 492
Mongolia MN MNG 496
Montenegro ME MNE 499
Montserrat MS MSR 500
Morocco MA MAR 504
Mozambique MZ MOZ 508
Myanmar MM MMR 104
N
Namibia NA NAM 516
Nauru NR NRU 520
Nepal NP NPL 524
Netherlands NL NLD 528
Netherlands Antilles AN ANT 530
New Caledonia NC NCL 540
New Zealand NZ NZL 554
Nicaragua NI NIC 558
Niger NE NER 562
Nigeria NG NGA 566
Niue NU NIU 570
Norfolk Island NF NFK 574
Northern Mariana Islands MP MNP 580
Norway NO NOR 578
O
Oman OM OMN 512
P
Pakistan PK PAK 586
Palau PW PLW 585
Palestinian Territory PS PSE 275
Panama PA PAN 591
Papua New Guinea PG PNG 598
Paraguay PY PRY 600
Peru PE PER 604
Philippines PH PHL 608
Pitcairn PN PCN 612
Poland PL POL 616
Portugal PT PRT 620
Puerto Rico PR PRI 630
Q
Qatar QA QAT 634
R
Réunion RE REU 638
Romania RO ROU 642
Russian Federation RU RUS 643
Rwanda RW RWA 646
S
Saint-Barthélemy BL BLM 652
Saint Helena SH SHN 654
Saint Kitts and Nevis KN KNA 659
Saint Lucia LC LCA 662
Saint-Martin (French part) MF MAF 663
Saint Pierre and Miquelon PM SPM 666
Saint Vincent and Grenadines VC VCT 670
Samoa WS WSM 882
San Marino SM SMR 674
Sao Tome and Principe ST STP 678
Saudi Arabia SA SAU 682
Senegal SN SEN 686
Serbia RS SRB 688
Seychelles SC SYC 690
Sierra Leone SL SLE 694
Singapore SG SGP 702
Slovakia SK SVK 703
Slovenia SI SVN 705
Solomon Islands SB SLB 090
Somalia SO SOM 706
South Africa ZA ZAF 710
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands GS SGS 239
South Sudan SS SSD 728
Spain ES ESP 724
Sri Lanka LK LKA 144
Sudan SD SDN 736
Suriname SR SUR 740
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands SJ SJM 744
Swaziland SZ SWZ 748
Sweden SE SWE 752
Switzerland CH CHE 756
Syrian Arab Republic (Syria) SY SYR 760
T
Taiwan, Republic of China TW TWN 158
Tajikistan TJ TJK 762
Tanzania, United Republic of TZ TZA 834
Thailand TH THA 764
Timor-Leste TL TLS 626
Togo TG TGO 768
Tokelau TK TKL 772
Tonga TO TON 776
Trinidad and Tobago TT TTO 780
Tunisia TN TUN 788
Turkey TR TUR 792
Turkmenistan TM TKM 795
Turks and Caicos Islands TC TCA 796
Tuvalu TV TUV 798
U
Uganda UG UGA 800
Ukraine UA UKR 804
United Arab Emirates AE ARE 784
United Kingdom GB GBR 826
United States of America US USA 840
US Minor Outlying Islands UM UMI 581
Uruguay UY URY 858
Uzbekistan UZ UZB 860
V
Vanuatu VU VUT 548
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic) VE VEN 862
Viet Nam VN VNM 704
Virgin Islands, US VI VIR 850
W
Wallis and Futuna Islands WF WLF 876
Western Sahara EH ESH 732
Y-Z
Yemen YE YEM 887
Zambia ZM ZMB 894
Zimbabwe ZW ZWE 716
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#artificial intelligence#automation#machine learning#business#digital marketing#professional services#marketing#web development#web design#social media#tech#technology
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Slight TW about self harm
Vibin Tord:Lukes....uuuuuum I need to ask you something
B3 Luke:Yes?
Vibin Tord:So I was watching Tarzan with Mean,Blue and Beta but when they reached rhe villains death they all of a sudden got really sad...like they all walked out the room crying a bit
Neo Luke:Oh?......Hmmmmm..didn't the guy die due to cutting those vines and one was wrapped around his neck.........oh sh*t
D Sides Luke:Oooooooooh nooooooo
Luke goes pale white:Oh f*ck......Tord....you f*cked up
Vibin Tord:How?
Soft Luke:Yeah how?
L Sides Luke:Wait didn't Mean....hang him-........I Oh sh*t
Vibin Tord is sweating:Oh cr*p I DIDN'T KNOW-
They hear someone clearing her throat
They turn around seeing Midnight wearing the magic cape with her head shadowed with a yellow sparkle
Midnight:So you made my daddy and uncles cry?
Minus Luke:F*CK this I'm out
B3 Luke:Good luck
Vibin Tord:MIMI I DIDN'T KNOW I DIDN'T KNOW
Midnight is silent
B3 Luke:Did anyone tell him?
Midnight face is unshadowed:I thought one of my sibling's or cousins told him
Vibin Tord:NO ONE TOLD ME
Luke:Yeah no offense but this one is kinda on you guys for not telling him
Midnight:Sorry uncle Tord
Vibin Tord with sparkling eyes:Uncle?
Vibin Tord walks inside eeing the three crying with their arms wrapped around eachother alongside Means wings wrapped around the two puppies
Vibin Tord:Dudes........I am.......so sorry........I had zero idea what happened
Mean:No offense.....but wasn't the scar a bit of a message?
Vibin Luke:Didn't you guys literally fight a giant demon before you met us?
Beta:He's not wrong about that
Vibin Tord:Look I really am sorry about this....I didn't know
Mean:It's fine Tord it really is.....
Vibin Tord:Also your daughter tried killing me five seconds ago
Mean:Sounds about right
Vibin Tord:............Wanna watch Dragon Ball Abridged?
The boyfriend's:HECK YA
Vibin Luke:COUNT ME IN
Oh man ÓvÒ"
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PHONESCREEN
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Do you ever close the tumblr app because it is boring and you don't want to anymore, just to look at your phonescreen like oohhh tumblr I like that and open it and nothing changed :) yeahhh
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trx
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#theneed
#hooooooooooow #piracy #harm #instead #witnessprote ct #sexualassault_is_powerasymmetry #andtheyknow
#i #demystifie d #intelcrimes #of #theirs #allalong @judge .@judges @law @all @world @bbc_whys @france24 @haaretzcom @bild .@bild @phoenix_de @dw .@dwnews .@law @deutschland .@deutschland @hamburg @berlin .@berlin .@hamburg @muenchen @stuttgart
#case #inanutshell #si tuational #framing #itis #known #wars #fxucktup #fraudsystem
#s germany #sgerman #criminallawyerspin #intel #fooled #judges
hooo oowmany could we savedespitegerman crimes itisand not let the m reframe their crimes letalone toss more into harm for their cr imes to commit more crimesitis germanygovtcaused systemcaused c riminal securitypolicydeedtypedtargettedindividualthe contrary to thatguy taboo : //// #keypointthe increased n e e e e e ee e e e e e e d to stealmay intensify now the german trickery around this around the leads to prerogatives to steal to germandeser ve tricktypes as the nut it trickery where stating the facts is th en criminalised or nutted ie setup security trickery banks la wyers insurances supportthisisgermany they....whenever they neee eeed to stealmore urgentlythey willalwaysuse any trick especia lly that they got the farthest withand float it as decoy cutting govt caused system caused out of the trickidentify the preroga tives itleads tothe trickery the whythe how they quelled their c rimes gotawayandsetup gitmo mom vs president trickbindt the cau sing govt inthefirstline of liability withtheir causing controlsys temthey use shitballs as float decoybut itis govt caused with proxieswitnessprotect because itis govt caused crimes they kill em off because they quell it allalongwitnessprotect misguided a nd guiltybut serotolerance the facts#keypointthe increased n e e e e e ee e e e e e e d to stealmay intensify now the german tr ickery around this around the leads to prerogatives to steal to germandeserve tricktypes as the nut it trickery where stating t he facts is then criminalised or nutted ie setup security trickery
#theneed
#hooooooooooow #piracy #harm #instead #witnessprotect #sexualassault_is_powerasymmetry #andtheyknow
#i #demystified #intelcrimes #of #theirs #allalong @judge .@judges @law @all @world @bbc_whys @france24 @haaretzcom @bild .@bild @phoenix_de @dw .@dwnews .@law @deutschland .@deutschland @hamburg @berlin .@berlin .@hamburg @muenchen @stuttgart
#case #inanutshell #situational #framing #itis…
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Keep Sparklin’
Mother: Buzzin Beans
Father: Sparkling with Willows
Breed: Irish Cob
Sex: stallion
Birthday: August 11, 2022
9:3:0:0
Color: Dunalino tobiano
Genotype: ee CR D TO
Genetic Potential: 487
Champion prospect: no
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0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u v w x y z
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aller alrea antly apeog assem avera beyon blogs centa chrom close compr count creat denti devot ehens embly enome ensio entag entif eogen erage ercen eroes etime etter evote exist eyond freak fying galle genes genom gimmi hensi heroe hromo ident ified ifyin illai immic impor kills lains lette llain llery loses lphis lread match mazda metim mmick mosom mport mpreh napeo nsion ntage ntifi ntify nting numbe ogene ometi omoso ompre ortan osest osome ounti peoge perce porta posts prehe rcent ready reate rehen rogue romos rtant sembl skill somet ssemb strin sylph tantl their tifie tifyi times tring tumbl turns umber umblr untin verag villa votes ylphi
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allery alread apeoge assemb averag beyond centag chromo closes compre counti create dentif devote ehensi ension entage entifi entify eogene ercent etimes evotes galler genome gimmic hensio heroes hromos identi ifying illain immick import letter llains losest lready metime mosome mporta mprehe napeog ntifie ntifyi number ogenes ometim omosom ompreh ortant ountin peogen percen portan prehen rcenta rehens romoso rtantl sembly skills someti ssembl string sylphi tantly tified tifyin tumblr unting verage villai ylphis
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already apeogen assembl average centage chromos closest compreh countin dentifi dentify devotes ehensio entifie entifyi eogenes ercenta gallery gimmick hension hromoso identif illains importa metimes mportan mprehen napeoge ntified ntifyin ometime omosome omprehe ortantl ounting peogene percent portant prehens rcentag rehensi romosom rtantly sometim ssembly sylphis tifying villain
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apeogene assembly chromoso comprehe counting dentifie dentifyi ehension entified entifyin ercentag hromosom identifi identify importan mportant mprehens napeogen ntifying ometimes omprehen ortantly peogenes percenta portantl prehensi rcentage rehensio romosome sometime villains
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apeogenes chromosom comprehen dentified dentifyin entifying ercentage hromosome identifie identifyi important mportantl mprehensi napeogene omprehens percentag portantly prehensio rehension sometimes
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chromosome comprehens dentifying identified identifyin importantl mportantly mprehensio napeogenes omprehensi percentage prehension
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comprehensi identifying importantly mprehension omprehensio
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comprehensio omprehension
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comprehension
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(1/2481152873203736576)
the gimmick blogs are like tumblr’s rogue gallery. yes we’ve got some heroes, yes we’ve got some villains, but more importantly if you look over here you will see some freak who devotes all their time to counting the number of “t’s” in a post
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This is more of a sneak peek, rather than a WIP but eh.
This is part of a CreepyPasta fic with J/eff, B/en, X/Virus, N/ina, and (maaaybe) a few others.
When they got down into the basement, in front of them were small refrigerators holding different viruses. Some were kept cool, while others needed to be kept warm. There were a few which were simply left out on the counter. Jeff immediately got to work rummaging around X-Virus’ work space. He found a few recognizable viruses, pneumonia, hepatitis, influenza, HIV, and some others he didn’t know the names of.
“Uh, what are you doing?” Ben floated above him. “Oh, nothing.” Jeff said as he continued digging through the drawer. “Are you gonna inject something into Jane while she’s asleep? Because I don’t think-”
“Looking for something?”
Jeff and Ben turn around to find Cody wearing his usual hood glasses and gas mask. He held the bloodied bat in his hand with a bag of used syringes on his shoulder. “Ah, there you are,” Jeff smiled as X-Virus walked down the stairs into the basement. “I have a plan I want to put into action, and I need your help.”
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In-Depth: Altering Combat
This is post is titled “In-Depth”, and it is done so because it talks about the aspects of combat and building encounters in D&D that are beyond your basic ‘understanding locales’ and KFC nonsense.
If you want the beginner’s post on Combat, go here:
Getting Started: Combat
That said, in my Getting Started post, I didn’t go into detail on certain aspects of running an encounter. This was intentional, as someone who’s just started should’t be concerning themselves with quite so much. But what about the rest of us? The people building encounters for players at level 3, or 5, or 9, or 14, or... you get the picture.
As per usual, I’m going to break this post down into certain key segments:
Experience, and Why You Shouldn’t Always Listen to the CR
Special Enemy Abilities
Moving The Goalposts: How to Make Parties of Particularly Deadly Player Characters Feel Their Weaknesses
One Big Foe
Depending on your level of experience, one (or all) of these bullets will jump out to you as things that have needed adjustment on your end. Here’s some tips and insight on how to manage all of these factors, starting with some advice to keep experience values from affecting how you structure encounters...
Experience, and Why You Shouldn’t Always Listen to the CR
I’m going to go ahead and start this post by saying that, in my opinion, no custom campaign should ever really bother with experience. This is a guideline (admittedly a useful one), but it can grossly limit a DM’s creativity and flexibility when building an encounter.
So, you can either assign experience values yourself based on the difficulty (because, yes, an encounter can be worth MORE experience than the CR suggests as well), or you can simply inform your players of when they’ve earned a level-up as your campaign’s story dictates. I’ll give some advice on this, but first, let’s talk about the why.
A vampire has a challenge rating of 13, and awards 10,000xp (split evenly among the group). It’s a difficult foe, with regenerative capabilities, Legendary Actions and Resistance, the added complication of Misty Escape, incredible story-centric skills (shapechange, charm, etc), and even the ability to summon minions.
It also only has 144 hit points (on average). In a straight up, no non-sense fight, you’d be downright shocked to see how low a level some parties of 4 can be when challenging a “dreaded” vampire and coming out on top.
So, what gives? Why 10,000xp for something that has such a strong chance of being outright blown up? Well first of all, a vampire has legendary resistance and legendary actions baked in because it’s meant to fight with others. The chaos of a packed battlefield is what makes a vampire the CR 13 menace it claims to be.
But that’s my point: A vampire is not a CR 13 creature when alone, not the way many dragons fit their CR when they are. For instance, an Adult White Dragon (also CR 13) has the same Legendary Resistance, Legendary Actions, much more HP, a higher Armor Class, a deadly breath weapon (12D8, save DC 19, YIKES!), and a far more powerful array of standard attacks. What’s more, dragons of this size have Frightful Presence, which severely ups the creature’s action economy (more about action economy in One Big Enemy later...)
At this point, the Adult White Dragon already seems stronger than a Vampire, but it pulls way, wayyyy ahead when you factor in its nightmarish 80ft Flying Speed. If this isn’t proof that you can’t always trust the CR rating of a creature, I don’t know what is.
So, how do we go about assigning level-ups in a way that keep us from worrying about the sudden deluge of experience an overrated monster offers? Simple! You forgo experience altogether! Some players like the illusion of experience, though. To accommodate this, plan out all of the adventures you wish to have spanning a “level” and then split up the experience rewards based on the difficulty of individual missions.
If your players understand and trust you enough to handle the level-ups without the bells and whistles, it’s up to you to plan their distribution. The best way to do this is to look at the greater adventure at play in your campaign and take stock of your villain. Your players should be strong enough to handle them when the times comes, but not so strong that they walk right over the poor sod. Use those benchmarks to create the ‘beginning’ and ‘end’ points of the level ups you need your players to get.
After that, use important encounters to space those level ups out. Here’s a few examples of events that are well suited to triggering a level up:
Defeating one of the villains most powerful minions. This one is obvious, and a classic. As an added bonus, it cements the feeling in your players that they’re getting closer to final confrontation.
The conclusion of an important meeting, or the coming of a particularly plot-important revelation. This one is a bit more complicated, but again fits well with the feeling of progression. Typically, this is best used when your players have gone through a lot of combat since their last level, but are lacking in some plot-significant baddie to mark the occasion.
Difficult Side Quests. Yeah, sometimes the players get dragged into something completely unrelated, but it’s nice for these to have weight and not feel like a waste of time. If you’re worried about your players going off and doing other stuff to the point that they’ll become too powerful, remember that you can fill the final boss encounter with additional minions to bring the difficulty up to par. Alternatively, you can use the story you’ve created to put a sense of urgency into the players, and also create consequences for their wandering. A necromancer threatening to ascend into a lich is a terribly frightening prospect, and makes the players feel like they’ve lost ground for running off to level up more before the final confrontation.
That’s really all there is to say about experience. It’s not a terribly detailed subject, but it’s one I want Game Masters to understand. CR, like everything else, is just a tool. Treating it as gospel will make balancing encounters that much more difficulty in the long run.
Special Enemy Abilities
I sincerely hope that this is a short subject, because it’s not a particularly complicated one. What’s it really about, though?
Well, sometimes that Specter enemy you’re throwing at your players was created as a result of something unique. The Monster Manual already gives us a ‘special’ version of the Specter in the Poltergeist, but that doesn’t always fit the flavor of your specter’s circumstances.
Let’s start with a few examples of why a creature might have special abilities:
A pact, blessing, or curse from some greater being.
The unique way in which it came to be.
Life in a locale not typical to its species.
Some detail specific to your setting.
There’s a lot more, but these should give you an idea of when to get creative.
In the instance of the specter, we’re going to combine 1 + 2, in which someone died at the hands of a particularly horrid and dark god. At this point, you have to ask yourself: how much stronger, or weaker (because yes, they can be weaker), is my ‘special’ creature?
So, our ultra horrible nightmarish entity has doomed a few pour souls to a particularly vile magically induced death. What comes of it? If the entity is supposed to be particularly powerful, then make the specters more powerful too.
We’ll start by upping the HD from a flat 5D8 to 5D8 + 20, which is a significant increase for any party that has trouble dealing with a Specter’s natural resistances.
It can’t just be more powerful though, can it? No, the rule of cool is important, and we want this new version to do something cool that will tip your players off to how unique it is, as well as match the dark entity that created them.
In this example, I’m using an evil god of my own design known as Goddenfeir. Without going into too much detail and boring you all to death, Goddenfeir is a god obsessed with the concept of complete nonexistence, and finds it unattainable. Wraiths, specters, and the like created by Goddenfeir carry this sense of oblivion deep within their being, and manifest abilities to go along with it. Here’s what I gave the specter:
Breath of Oblivion - Recharge 5-6, 15ft Cone. Targets caught in the breath must make a DC 12 Dexterity Saving Throw, suffering 5D6 Cold Damage on a failed save, or half as much on a successful one.
This is a frightening ability, especially when the prospect of multiple specters comes into play. In my own campaign, this was done to pump up Goddenfeir himself in a simple event that wasn’t meant to threaten the players that much, merely show them that he’s there, and that even something as harmless as a Specter (CR 1 normally) can potentially become very dangerous with his dark influence.
Moving The Goalposts: How to Make Parties of Particularly Deadly Player Characters Feel Their Weaknesses
Adding this category was very much so an afterthought, but it’s an important one: some player parties are just too damn good at killing things.
So how does a Dungeon Master kill-, er... challenge such a party? Simple: you move the goalposts. Not every encounter needs to come down to ‘killing the other guy’. Not every encounter needs to be combat, either. You could throw a puzzle at your players, or a particularly deadly trap (or a combination of the two!).
When you are looking for a way to give your oh-so-powerful band of murder-hobos a fight that will leave them quaking, you want to change the goal of the overall fight. Here’s some basic examples of how to do that, for you to use straight up or to inspire you to create one of your own:
Evacuation! A town is under attack, and its enemies are legion. Have your players brave the town and help the people trapped within escape, fighting through the endless hordes all the while. This can be easily done by enticing them with a great deal of gold for every person they save (and then making them increasingly difficult to get to, of course).
Trapped! Sometimes, the only play is to run away. Again, we have an endless horde situation, but this time your players are working against the clock (and their own limited resources) to secure a means of escape. Speaking of clocks...
Stall/Rush! Some parties are strong because they blow enemies up super fast. Some parties are strong because they’re just so damned resilient. Whichever the variety plaguing you, making a fast party take their time (such as with an enemy who’s invulnerable for a series of turns at the start of a fight) can be devastating. Likewise, forcing a slow party to get the job done fast (say, defeating a powered up Ogre Champion with the key to the lift of the collapsing mine they’re in).
This is a pretty bare-bones set of examples, but I think they demonstrate pretty well that a lot of parties are only really strong when the game is being played how they expect. Dungeons and Dragons isn’t just about killing the bad guy, though. Sometimes the evil player campaign requires taking someone alive, or the good player campaign needs the players to make an ally of an enemy. Whatever the demand, there’s always a way to move the goalposts and show your players they’re not as unstoppable as they think.
One Big Foe
I saved this for last specifically because it’s what reminded me to return to an combat in an In-Depth post. In the Getting Started: Combat post, I talked about KFC and how it shows us that quantity > quality when it comes to making an encounter more difficult.
But what about when when you want to hit your players with a proper, ginormous monster? Some monsters are already built for this, like Dragons and Beholders, as shown by the presence of Legendary Resistance and Legendary Actions. Legendary Actions, in particular, are there to help even out the action economy difference.
Action Economy
You have 5 players. They are each level 3, and you’ve called in a Hill Giant (CR 5) to pick a fight with them. With the ability to deal 36 damage in a couple of attacks, it’s pretty clear that a Hill Giant is a deadly foe. Surely it will-, wait, no, the players killed it in 2 rounds.
How? Your 5 players only had to average 10 damage each to deal 100 damage in two rounds, and the Hill Giant has a low Armor Class and an average HP of 105. The Hill Giant, if lucky, did 72 damage total. In all reality, it did much less, with several points of damage going over as a player fell unconscious, or 18 points vanishing into the abyss as your giant rolled a natural one or just outright missed. What’s more, no one in the party probably even bothered using a potion or other consumable, and next to no healing spells (if any) were used either.
This is where we even things out...
Legendary Actions
Hill Giants do not have legendary actions, and shouldn’t, but when one big enemy is alone, giving them legendary actions can help improve the threat they pose to the party without diluting the experience and adding more small enemies to back it up.
For a Hill Giant, we give it a pool of 2 Legendary Actions, which it takes at the end of a player’s turn, and is refreshed every time the Hill Giant’s turn ends. It’s Legendary Actions would then look something like this:
Move, 1 Action - The Hill Giant moves up to half it speed.
Club, 1 Actions - The Hill Giant swings its greatclub at a target..
Hurl, 2 Actions - The Hill Giant scoops up a rock from its pouch and hurls it at a distant target.
At this point, the Hill Giant is suddenly terrifying. 2-3 turns feels like an eternity when it gets two attacks on its turn, and up to 2 additional attacks through the use of Legendary Actions. We made it more mobile as well, a fact that will truly terrify the squishier members of the group who rely on keeping their distance.
In the end, though, a Hill Giant still only has so many hit points. The fight would have to go terribly, TERRIBLY wrong for 5 player characters to all die to this one Hill Giant.
It’s important to think about what you want your legendary actions to accomplish for a creature. I set the boundary of two attacks, an attack and half of its movement, or a single ranged attack, and then made the total legendary action uses match the pool of actions themselves.
Hopefully, this will improve your encounters when you try to throw a single, menacing beast up against your players, instead of it just turning into an ego boost for your players!
#D&D#D&D 5e#D&D&EE#Dungeons and Dragons#Dungeon Master#Combat#Altering an encounter#difficulty#DM#Gm#DM Tutorial#Dungeon Master Tutorial#Dungeon Master Guide#Tutorial#Experience#CR#Challenge Rating#Special Abilities#Victory Conditions
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