#concurs coral

[alexsavescu]

Corala Armonii Falticenene va reprezenta România la un prestigios festival de muzică corală din Spania

Un nou capitol în povestea Coralei Armonii Falticenene la Festivalul “Canta al Mar” Calella / Barcelona” Corala Armonii Fălticenene se pregătește să reprezinte România la unul dintre cele mai prestigioase concursuri corale internaționale, Festivalul “Canta al Mar” din Calella / Barcelona, Spania. Evenimentul va avea loc în perioada 19-23 octombrie 2023. Corala este hotărâtă să cucerească din…

[uncaaj]

Fanfic: The Triple Tandem Strike! (DuckTales 17)

Originally published in the Team Science Zine. GET THE ZINE HERE!

READ NOW ON AO3!

The sliding glass doors parted, blowing the stale air of wood wax, burnt fluorescent bulbs, and haggis into the faces of Fenton Crackshell-Cabrera, Gyro Gearloose, and Fethry Duck. Lil Bulb couldn’t smell this strong mish-mash because they didn’t have nostrils. Yet.

Gyro crinkled his beak and exhaled sharply through his nose. “Somehow,” he said, “this smells exactly like a bowling alley Mr. McDuck purchased from Flintheart Glomgold.��

“I think that’s a more telling sign,” said Fenton, pointing straight ahead. Indeed, across the back wall of the 20 bowling lanes, sometimes blocked by attendants passing dressed in full highland wear, was a mural of rolling green Scottish hills backed by a blazing sunset.

“It’s got charm,” said Fethry as they approached the main counter. “It’s homey.”

Gyro rolled his eyes. “If you like Glomgold’s Scotland, which no one does.”

“I’m sure these people would love to lose the kilts as soon as possible,” Fenton concurred.

“Ain’t that the truth,” said the shaggy-haired attendant, adjusting his kilt. “We blame the high turnover on the itchiness alone. Anyway, what can we do ya for?”

“Hour rental and three pairs of shoes,” Gyro deadpanned.

The attendant smirked in surprise before fishing the shoes from below. “What’s his deal?” he asked.

“He just doesn’t like bowling,” said Fenton.

“My work outing preference was maliciously overruled,” Gyro grumbled.

“Well, I see it as democracy prevailing,” said Fethry.

“A nephew of McDuck would say that,” Gyro sneered.

Fenton stepped in between the two. “O-o-okay, we all deserve this break from work. We are going to relax and have fun, and nothing will go wrong, alright?”

“Sure thing!” said Fethry.

Gyro crossed his arms. “Fine.”

+++

Across the lanes, a white ball with baby blue streaks slammed into the deck and hooked to the left into the gutter. It took the roll of shame all the way to the end and every single pin remained, solid, mocking its thrower.

“Come on!” crowed Mark Beaks, punching the air. “Throwing a ball into some lousy pins should not be this hard!”

Falcon Graves’ eye twitched as the grating squawk of his employer broke his concentration on his target. “It might be for someone who’s never done any exercise.”

Mark stomped over to his bodyguard. “Hey, a billionaire’s thing is exercising without doing dumb real exercise. Mark Beaks will not follow the normies and golf!”

Falcon sighed and closed his assassin mobile game to give his boss his full attention. “You destroyed a mini golf windmill because you went five over par.”

Mark pointed a finger in Falcon’s face. “Shut your mouth! You’re just like my dad!”

“That’s what you said last time,” Falcon mumbled, not paying attention anymore.

Mark huffed, marching to the ball rack, dark clouds storming above his head. “I’ll show those loser boomers. I can do sports. I can be a well-rounded billionaire.” He shoved a kid down by his face and carried the heaviest ball he could find back to his lane.

Or rather, as Fethry observed while holding a ball to his ear, “Fascinating. It’s like a jellyfish dragging a brain coral across the ocean floor.”

Fenton looked up from the tablet and saw the struggling gray macaw heave the great sphere on his ball machine and collapse to his knees, panting. “I’d almost feel bad for Mark if it weren’t for the thieving of my concepts, the numerous assaults on me and my friends’ lives, and what’s worse, the microaggressions.” Fenton shuddered at the memory.

Gyro tugged the laces of his bowling shoes tight and stood up. “He’s a petulant baby. If we don’t pay attention to him, hopefully he’ll give up and leave.”

“You’re right,” said Fenton, shaking his head and giving the touchscreen some final taps to officially start their game. “Your turn first, Fethry!”

Fethry looked back and sauntered over. “The book I read beforehand says to find a ball that speaks to you.” He held out a red ball, scuffed with years of use. “And this one says, ‘I’m a star!’”

“Are you sure it didn’t just sound like the ocean?” Gyro quipped.

“It’s your first time, right?” said Fenton, sitting on the tartan-wrapped bench. “Focus on throwing it straight. Good luck!”

“If it goes anywhere besides the lanes besides, I’ll be surprised,” Gyro whispered. Fenton elbowed him as Fethry stepped up and checked his aim. He chucked his ball with all the grace of a sea lion and it traveled straight and true on its way to bowling over every pin.

“I know that! That’s a strike!” Fethry cheered, hopping from foot to foot. “Boyoboy!”

Gyro cleared his throat and Fenton clapped. “Way to go, Fethry!”

Fethry beamed and walked back as Gyro took his ball to the lane. He eased into a wide stance and heaved it down the center with both hands. It rolled at a snail’s pace and curved to the left, clipping one pin.

Gyro sniffed. “Sports are not scientific,” he said, returning to his seat.

Fenton stepped up and threw his ball with enthusiasm. It looked good and true and resulted in a 7-10 split. Fenton placed his hands on his hips. Strike up above him, one pin just below… “And here I am, stuck in the middle with you,” he said.

Crunching and crashing bellowed immediately followed by a deafening roar. Fenton whipped his head around to see a giant Mark Beaks rip his shirt off and send plastic chairs flying with one swipe of his bulging, muscular arm. Bystanders howled in fear and ran for any cover still standing. Before he could even comprehend what was going on, a falcon in a suit bolted toward them and shouted, “Get down!”

He was tackled along with Gyro and Fethry before he could think, hitting the deck hard as a bowling ball clattered down next to them and rolled away. 

“I apologize for this,” said Falcon, “he did this the last time as well. And then sued the mini golf after his rampage. And lost.”

Gyro picked up his hat. “I’m sure if we keep our heads down and don’t let him see us, we can get out safely. Then McDuck can write this off or something.”

“But then where will Duckburg bowl?” Fethry asked.

“They’ll play a board game, like normal people!” Gyro hissed.

“No, Fethry’s right!” said Fenton, wriggling out of Falcon’s hold.

“You didn’t bring the suit, though!” said Gyro. “Stop him, whoever you are!”

Falcon let Fenton go and shrugged at Gyro. “Mark doesn’t pay me enough for that.”

Fenton emerged from behind the bench and pointed at the behemoth Beaks. “HEY, YOU!”

Mark dropped the balls in his arms and turned to Fenton, his beak curling into a devious grin. “Well, hey there, Gizmoloser!” he mocked, his timbre unaffected by his body’s growth. “Long time no beat!”

I’ll take “Gizmoloser” any day over “amigo,” Fenton thought before declaring, “You’d better stop this temper tantrum of yours, or you’ll be sorry!”

“Pffft! Big words against a big manly man like Megabeaks!” He snatched up the heaviest ball and threw it like a baseball at the pins. It was the perfect intimidating move. The pins collapsed in a great crash, and suddenly, Megabeaks’ puny brain had a brain blast. “You know what? I’m pretty good at this now.”

He looked back at Fenton, whose eyes were wide at the display of utter and absolute skill. “You wanna take this on? Let’s do it! First to a turkey gets to brag about this on social media, and I won’t take it down.”

“Alright then,” said Fenton, not sure what exactly he was getting into.

“Falcon!” Megabeaks called out. “Where’d you go?!”

Falcon popped up, holding Fethry and Gyro in each hand by their scruffs.

Fethry looked to Falcon and then to Megabeaks. “Do either of you perchance read Mass in Minutes by Arnold Schwarzenebird?”

“Know what?” said Megabeaks, “I’ll even let your nerd friends be on your team. I can beat anyone like this, no British bodyguards needed!”

Falcon dropped them, visibly offended. “Right. I’ll be over here then,” he said tersely as he walked toward the front counter.

“You know he’s gonna call the police, right?” asked Gyro.

“As if, losers!” Megabeaks scoffed. “I pay his dry cleaning bills! BWAHAHAHAHA!”

Fenton was embarrassed for him as he gathered his friends in a huddle. “I was scared the first time, but he's truly pathetic.”

“Is Falcon really gonna call the police?” Fethry asked.

“I promised him a 20% raise. We could use a bodyguard,” said Gyro. “McDuck authorized me to.”

Fenton shrugged. “Money talks.”

Gyro nodded. “So we just have to stall long enough for the police to nab him.”

“But we can beat him!” said Fethry.

“Absolutely not!” Gyro snapped. “Do not get a big head because you bowled a strike on your first throw!”

“But I know a special throw from my book! The triple tandem strike! Lookit…”

Megabeaks tapped his fingers against his arm as the science nerds seemed to be taking forever in their little huddle. “Are you telling your dumb life stories to each other? FACE ME!”

“Break!” said Fethry, and the trio lined up, ready for battle.

Megabeaks grabbed a ball and grinned devilishly. “You go first.”

“Okay, everyone,” said Fethry, “just like we planned. Ready?”

“This defies all logic but I’m ready,” Gyro said, placing his green ball on the foul line.

Fenton set his down next to Gyro’s. “Let’s go, Fethry!” The two stepped to the side, placing their trust in their most eccentric colleague.

Fethry steeled his gaze at the two balls and raised his own. “Limber…loose…feet apart.”

“GET ON WITH IT!” Megabeaks bellowed.

Fethry wasn’t fazed. “10:00…2:00, quarter to three, tour jeté, twist, pas de deux, I'm a little teapot!”

Megabeaks was stunned at the display of pure buffoonery that was Fethry waving his ball around in some freak dance, but now it was at the apex.

“Now the windup…and let 'er fly!” The ball left Fethry’s hand and whizzed toward the balls. It connected perfectly, sending each one to the lanes on either side. They hit their marks, felling each set of pins like they were made of marshmallows, while Fethry’s ball arched over the middle lane, reaching earth again in a sea of tumbling pins. Not one withstood the onslaught.

Fenton and Gyro cheered and high-fived. Fethry wiped his hand on his blazer and crossed his arms. “Perfect.”

Megabeaks stood like a gobsmacked statue before picking his jaw up off the floor. “PRACTICER!” he fumed, “You rehearsed that knowing I’d be here!”

“Mark Beaks,” said Gyro, shaking his head. "I knew you were stupid, but even you’ve impressed me.”

“It’s the triple tandem strike,” said Fethry, “invented by 15-time champion bowler George Geef, and it’s regulation- Oops!”

Fethry was hastily hoisted into the air by his front and came face-to-face with a steaming Megabeaks.

“I’LL REGULATION YOUR FACE, YOU LOW-DOWN, LUCKY, CRINGE, BOOMER, NO-RIZZ-“

POP!

Fethry yelped as Mark’s arm began to curdle like bad oatmeal, then a chorus of popcorn-like bangs chorused around them and Fethry saw the ground getting closer. As the popping died down and the smoke cleared, Fethry felt his feet touch the floor and beheld a normal, scrawny, weakling Mark Beaks, wearing tatters for clothes. Fethry took that moment to wipe excess spittle from his bill.

Mark looked like he might cry. “I-it lasted longer last time.”

Sirens grew in volume and suddenly, the doors burst open. “POLICE! Come out with your hands up!”

Thus Mark Beaks was carted off to jail for the second time that year. When Scrooge arrived a few moments later, he assured the team that he would wring every last dollar out of the Waddle CEO possible, and use it to remodel the bowling alley into something Duckburg could be proud of.

+++

Back at the lab, the three scientists were gathered around the coffee station, sipping their mugs in contentment. Gyro broke the silence with, “I must say, if that’s what bowling can be, I may actually take it up.”

“And I can be your teacher!” said Fethry. “The book I read will have you a pro in no time!”

“Whatever you say,” said Gyro.

“Good job, Fethry,” said Fenton. 

The three raised their glasses to a fun outing and to the beauty of hitting billionaires where it hurt: damages and legal fees.

[schoje]

Foto: Márcio Henrique Martins / FCC Na próxima segunda-feira, 26, o Museu de Arte de Santa Catarina (MASC) terá uma noite especial. A partir das 19h, o público confere a exposição-projeção Arte Imperecível, com obras do acervo da instituição; e, a partir das 19h15, apresenta nova edição do projeto MASCquianas Musicais, desta vez com uma atração internacional: a pianista italiana Martina Drudi. A entrada é gratuita e é aberta ao público, sem necessidade de retirada prévia de ingressos.  Recital A série MASCquianas Musicais visa aproximar o público que aprecia Museu e Música. É uma “exposição musical guiada”, experiência em que a audiência, mesmo leiga, é convidada a entender as complexidades de alguns trechos musicais, explicados pelos artistas, além de apreciar um repertório interpretado com excelência e aprender sobre os instrumentos, compositores e suas obras de arte. Além de Marina Drudi, a noite terá, ainda, participação do pianista André Luiz Nunes e mediação de Ana Paula Weschenfelder. No programa estão obras de Haydn (Variação em Fá menor), Beethoven (Sonata Waldstein op.53) e Mozart (Sonata em C maior K. 521 – dueto). Martina Drudi formou-se em 2002 no Conservatório “F. Venezze” em Rovigo, sob a orientação do Maestro Fabio Ferrucci. Estudou depois com Konstantin Bogino, seguindo também cursos com Massimiliano Ferrati, Svetlana Bogino e Vladimir Ogarkov. Dedica-se ativamente ao repertório solo e de câmara, participando em importantes festivais de concertos na Itália e no exterior. Com o Trio InUno (oboé, fagote e piano) ganhou o primeiro prêmio no Concurso Europeu “Rocco Rodio” de Castellana Grotte; o Primeiro Prêmio Absoluto no Concurso “Asti per Asti”, o Primeiro Prêmio no Concurso “Giulio Rospigliosi” em Lamporecchio, o Terceiro Prêmio no “Concurs Josep Mirabent i Magrans” em Barcelona, o Terceiro Prêmio no Concurso “Luigi Nono” em Turim. Com o Trio conseguiu também, com nota máxima, o Diploma de Música de Câmara na Accademia Pianistica “Incontri col Maestro” em Imola. Desde 2011 é coordenadora do Coro Infantil da Esciola de Música Sarti, e desde abril de 2013 é diretora do Coro Jubilate (Faenza-Itália), com o qual se apresenta em importantes eventos. Desde 2016 está qualificada no método Children’s Music Laboratory, que leciona na Escola “A. Masironi” de Brisighella e “G. Sarti” de Faenza. Organiza, junto com seu colega Lorenza Garavini, o Music Bridge, workshop internacional do método CML, que ministra em Faenza centenas de famílias de toda a Itália. Desde o 2018 é organizadora didática do Festival “Fiato al Brasile”. Desde 2016 mantém fortes relacionamentos com as Universidades Brasileiras USP de Ribeirão Preto (SP) e UDESC de Florianópolis (SC), cidade aonde vai quase todos os anos para realizar conferências sobre o método CML, sobre repertório pianístico e coral, sobre ensino, atuando também como performer. Martina Drudi também é formada em Filosofia pela Universidade de Bolonha, com uma tese em Filosofia da Música intitulada “Kircher e a teoria dos afetos”. Exposição-projeção “Arte Imperecível” Na celebração dos seus 75 anos, o MASC apresenta a exposição-projeção “Arte Imperecível”, com curadoria de Ana Paula Weschenfelder, Fabricio Tomazi Peixoto, Fernando Albalustro e Juliana Hoffmann. A mostra será exibida durante o concerto Mascquianas Musicais, com a pianista italiana Martina Drudi. A intersecção entre música e imagens proporciona ao espectador experienciar audição e visualidade na relação entre sons, formas, acordes e tons. A imagética das obras selecionadas no acervo do MASC conversa com a biografia e a sonoridade dos compositores clássicos Haydn, Mozart e Beethoven, que serão interpretados por Martina Drudi. São obras de artistas italianos, descendentes ou com formação na Itália, que se unem às melodias vibradas nos acordes, em uma clara homenagem à pianista italiana. Esta será a segunda exposição-projeção oferecida pelo MASC. A primeira ocorreu em 8 de março, em celebração ao Dia Internacional da Mulher, durante apresentação da Orquestra de Cordas da Ilha no local.

Serviço: O quê: Recital com a pianista Martina Drudi (Itália) – MASCquianas Musicais e Exposição-projeção “Arte Imperecível”Quando: 26/08/2024, às 19h (exposição) e às 19h15 (recital)Onde: Museu de Arte de Santa Catarina (MASC) – No Centro Integrado de Cultura (CIC)Av. Gov. Irineu Bornhausen, 5600 – Agronômica – Florianópolis (SC)Entrada gratuita Fonte: Governo SC

[justmoreocs-writing]

‘No,’ I said, holding the phone between my ear and shoulder. My attention skimmed around the entryway and I tried to make sense of what I was seeing. The place didn’t look abandoned in the slightest, in fact it looked pretty lived in. I desperately wanted to chant “I told you so” down the phone, but didn’t think my uncle would appreciate it. So I kept moving, checked out the living room if only to concur with my current realisation: someone was still living here.

‘Vraiment?’ he asked, the incredulity behind his voice almost palpable.

‘Would you rather be checking it out?’ I retorted, sticking to the French he was determined to converse in. It was a nervous tick of Gévaudan, I knew, but that didn’t make it feel any less pedantic.

‘Coral, perhaps –’

A sound outside caught my attention and in an instant I stopped listening to Uncle Tim. Low voices, hushed conversation just outside the front door. An obvious attempt at not being heard, but unfortunately for them they weren’t dealing with your run of the mill uninvited.

‘There’s someone in there. Doesn’t smell like Hamish,’ a male voice said. An irritating niggle at the back of my thoughts came crashing to the fore at the sound of the name, but I brushed it aside for the moment. It wasn’t useful.

‘We can take them,’ a female voice insisted. ‘Kill them if we have to.’

‘What if it’s an innocent mistake?’

‘You’re pre-med,’ came the short reply.

Without saying goodbye, I hung up on Uncle Tim and headed for the front door before the strangers could decide on their plan. Apennine lingered close at hand, despite my hope that it wouldn’t come to that. I liked this jacket, it’d be a shame to ruin it with a transformation.

I’d barely pulled open the door when I was met by flashing eyes and sharp teeth. Low growls emanated from the throats of the unexpected visitors. Not full transformations, that was something at least.

With more false ease than was probably necessary, I folded my arms over my chest and raised an eyebrow. Apennine growled at the periphery of my thoughts, but I ignored it.

‘You would make terrible spies,’ I told them simply, trying to ignore the slack jawed look of shock on the guy’s face. The woman merely looked at me with narrowed eyes and irritation seeming to seep from every pore. She looked about ready to rip my throat out. ‘Rule one: always communicate nonverbally where possible. You have no idea what the target might hear.’

The woman went to take a step forwards but was held back by her companion. His attention skittered over my face, seeming to take in every feature other than my eyes.

‘You’re not Cassie,’ he whispered after a moment. The comment was like a physical blow for the pain that came with it. Three simple words and they’d winded me more than anything else could have done.

The woman’s anger turned to curiosity as she glanced to him.

I wanted to throw a sarcastic retort his way, but the words wouldn’t come. Unable to look at him, to wonder how he’d known her, I averted my gaze to invisible lint on my jacket to pick at.

‘Name’s Coraline,’ I admitted, my gaze drifting back up to the pair of them.

I could see the question on his lips, the curiosity behind his eyes. The pain barely shielded.

‘This house belonged to my cousin.’

‘Cassie,’ he breathed, and I forced my attention to the floorboards between my feet. The prickle of tears crept up my throat, but I refused to give into it.

‘Doesn’t matter,’ I said, fighting to keep my voice steady. ‘What’re you doing here?’

‘What’re we doing here?’ asked the woman, taking a step closer, her eyes flashing with what can only be described as her Hide’s irritation.

I arched an eyebrow at her, allowed Apennine a moment of retaliation before shrugging at the mild look of uncertainty on the others’ faces.

‘What, you thought you were the only pack around?’ I asked, unable to keep the mild hint of humour out of my voice. Perhaps it was finally time to start bridging some gaps, to stop letting grief hold me back.

[prodentim-nz]

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[awesomeforever]

By The New York TimesSept. 9, 2022 After a haywire summer of flight cancellations and delays, travelers remain eager to roam, returning to familiar hot spots like New York, Europe and the Caribbean. Here’s what they can expect this season. Flying has been maddeningly unpredictable. Airline and hotel prices remain high. And inflation has forced many people to cut back on appliances and new clothes. Delayed vacations, conventions and weddings have led to booked resorts and hotels, creating a sort of seasonal drift that has forced travelers to pay summer prices for fall trips. Still, more than 60 percent of Americans said they plan to travel this fall, compared with 54 percent of respondents last year, according to TripAdvisor, the travel site, which surveyed 2,700 would-be travelers across six countries about their plans this season. And 66 percent of those respondents said that they planned to spend more money traveling this fall than they did last year, said Brian Hoyt, a spokesman for TripAdvisor. “Travel is not going to be one of those things that they pull back on,” Mr. Hoyt said. “They’re still going to travel even knowing that they’re going to spend more than the year before.” Some are willing to splurge on flights to Italy and Turks and Caicos and excursions like ATV tours of the Mojave Desert in Nevada. Others are paying to clean up beaches in Barcelona or help restore coral reefs in the Caribbean, vacations crafted as “nature positive tourism.” How much will you spend if you travel this fall? It depends. Cruise deals are still plentiful, but hotel prices are stubbornly expensive. Airline tickets, while cheaper than this summer, are still higher than they were before the pandemic. And don’t expect the cancellations and delays that infuriated travelers in recent months to stop anytime soon. “While things have improved since early summer, airline cancellations are still going to be a factor for fall travel,” said Eric Jones, co-founder of The Vacationer, an online travel guide. What else can you expect this fall? Cancellations. Lost luggage. Flight delays and endless waits for customer service. Even the official in charge of regulating civilian aviation in the United States hasn’t avoided the chaos. “Airlines need to step up their game,” said Pete Buttigieg, the U.S. transportation secretary, who faced multiple cancellations and delays this summer. Still, he’s optimistic that flying will improve this fall. “I do think that a better situation is within reach,” he said. Airline executives, labor unions and industry analysts agree: Fall travel should be better than summer travel. They do not agree on how much better. But most concur that the issues that must be addressed, include: not enough staff, too many cancellations and delays, problems with refunds and terrible customer service. On the question of whether airlines have enough staff, Airlines for America, a trade organization representing seven major U.S. carriers, says yes, they do. “This summer, carriers have proactively adjusted their staffing models to ensure they are adequately staffed for each flight,” a spokeswoman wrote in an email. Union leaders agree that staffing is adequate, but only on “blue sky days,” the term Gary Peterson, the international vice president of the Transport Workers Union of America, which represents more than 70,000 airline workers, uses for those 24-hour periods when nature works in airlines’ favor. “But when weather hits, they don’t have enough reserves,” he said. “I believe airlines have taken steps to make things better, but it’s fragile,” said Sara Nelson, the international president of the Association of Flight Attendants-C. W. A., the largest flight attendants’ union. Even before the pandemic, staffing for roles ranging from pilot to wheelchair handler was stretched thin, she said. In order to minimize the ripple effect when something goes wrong, it’s critical to maintain

staffing above the Federal Aviation Administration minimum, she added, something that has not happened for years. A second concern: Have airlines stopped selling more flights than they can handle? Or will they continue with the pandemic trend of canceling flights that they should have never scheduled? Several analysts were optimistic that the airlines had learned from their mistakes. American Airlines, for example, recently slashed 16 percent of its November flights, according to Cirium, a travel analytics company. John Grant, a senior analyst for OAG, a travel data company, noted that cancellation rates were far lower in July and August than earlier in the year. Still, the delay rate has recently hovered around 23 percent, higher than prepandemic times or last summer, according to FlightAware, a flight-tracking company. The third issue: Will the refund, flight change and hotel voucher process get easier? Mr. Buttigieg is pushing forward several initiatives. One involves updating a federal policy guiding flight refunds. Under the current policy, airlines are supposed to reimburse passengers for flights that have been canceled or “significantly changed.” But carriers have long exploited ambiguity around the term. The proposal, which he will revisit in November, codifies the conditions under which refunds must be paid. Last week, the Department of Transportation launched a dashboard that Mr. Buttigieg called “a tool for transparency,” outlining the services that each airline has committed to provide when flights are altered for reasons within their control. Some analysts said that these measures are weak, particularly in contrast with Europe, where airlines must pay travelers — on top of refunds — for certain types of cancellations. Recently, more than 30 state attorneys general blasted the Department of Transportation for failing to keep up with “escalating issues” and argued that they should take over enforcement of consumer protection laws affecting travelers. Some lawmakers have also suggested that airlines should be fined for treating passengers poorly, given the billions of dollars in government pandemic aid they’ve received. Finally, there is the matter of customer service: Will Thanksgiving week be filled with nightmarish stories of unanswered calls to alter a flight or locate a lost bag? On this front, labor representatives and industry analysts agree: It’s unlikely to get better soon. Airlines see customer service as an area to slash, not grow, costs. — Heather Murphy Excepting foliage destinations and convention cities, fall has historically been a value-seeker’s season. Across the industry, many prices this year will follow the same pattern. But inflation and other pandemic-related effects mean some deals are weaker. Consider airfare. The typical seasonal decline between summer and fall fares, according to the booking app Hopper, is 10 to 15 percent. This year it is 37 percent, falling to $238 for an average domestic round-trip ticket. But that doesn’t mean fares are cheaper, only that the difference between summer and fall fares is much greater. “Fall 2022 looks very different, and the main reason is how high airfare got this summer,” said Hayley Berg, the lead economist at Hopper, noting that summer airfares were more than double 2019 rates. Airlines are also maintaining capacity cuts this fall to control costs, according to Helane Becker, a research analyst with the investment banking firm Cowen. “The lowest fares I’ve seen for fall are $59 one way and there are only a few seats available at that rate, up from $39 or $49 in the past,” Ms. Becker said. On the hotel front, travelers should expect to pay close to prepandemic rates this fall. The steady rebound of business travel is bolstering big cities and may diminish fall deals in urban areas. In the latest figures available, average daily rates nationally have climbed year-to-date to roughly $147 in July, compared

with $132 in July 2019, or nearly equal to prepandemic prices when adjusted for inflation, according to the hotel benchmarking firm STR. The firm is forecasting a continued recovery for hotels, with occupancy up five points this year over last. Popular resort destinations may be more expensive, too. Most of October remains high season at the Camden Harbour Inn in coastal Camden, Maine. But its hefty rate hike this year of more than 20 percent to an average of $688 a night in part reflects higher wages, Covid absences, and increased expenses for everything from electricity to linens. Don’t expect any steals in vacation rentals either. AirDNA, which analyzes the short-term rental market, has average fall rates outpacing fall 2021. The average October rental domestically was recently about $258 a night compared with $243 in 2021 and $195 in 2019. Rental car rates, however, will be better, but still much higher than they were before the pandemic. This fall, average rentals are 18 percent cheaper than in summer, according to Autoslash, a free service that monitors car rental bookings and flags them for rebooking when rates drop. But prices are still 52 percent higher for the period over 2019, thanks to fleet downsizing. “We don’t expect rental rates to come back down to 2019 levels anytime soon, if ever,” said Jonathan Weinberg, the founder of Autoslash. Still, fall remains a good time to ride the value of a strong dollar, trading now at parity with the euro. Among new international low-cost carriers, Norse Atlantic Airways recently started service from New York’s Kennedy International Airport to Berlin starting at $132 one way. Generally speaking, if you don’t like rates now, don’t expect them to improve. Pandemic uncertainty — including concerns over new variants and trip cancellations — have abbreviated booking windows to often just a few weeks out, meaning rates could rise dramatically in the coming month. — Elaine Glusac The popularity of ecotourism has hardly waned since the term rose to prominence a generation ago. But a new framing has emerged that puts a bigger onus on the travel industry to examine its complicated relationship with the natural world. Say hello to “nature positive tourism.” The idea is “a long overdue reinvention of ecotourism,” said Justin Francis, who advises the British government on nature and business and serves as chief executive of Responsible Travel, a travel company based in Britain. “Ecotourism was about ‘take only photos, leave only footprints’ — it was basically ‘leave no trace,’” said Mr. Francis, adding that the concept applied only to nature-based tourism, not to things like city breaks or cruises. “But when we look at the problems that we as an industry create for nature, we realize that they come from all types of tourism,” he said. “It’s not just a question of a few ecolodges getting a bit more ambitious. If we’re to be nature positive, then every part of the tourism industry needs to step up.” Scientists warn that we are in the middle of a mass extinction event. Between 1970 and 2016, the planet lost nearly 70 percent of its populations of wild mammals, fish, birds, reptiles and amphibians. Today, roughly one million species are threatened with extinction. Tourism contributes to all the major drivers of species loss: Developers fill in marshlands to build resorts (land use change); tourists trample fragile coral reefs (overuse); cruise ships dump waste (pollution); visitors inadvertently carry the seeds of nonnative plants into nature reserves (invasive species); and flying emits greenhouse gasses (climate change). Mr. Francis said that travel companies must understand their negative impacts. But, he added, travel — perhaps more than other sectors of the economy — can do a huge amount to support nature. Jim Sano, vice president for travel, tourism and conservation at World Wildlife Fund, noted that tourism is the biggest market-based source of funding for protected areas around the world.

He described projects in Mexico, Nepal and Namibia in which WWF has worked with travel industry partners to craft tourist experiences that support wildlife protection while also generating income for residents. “It’s creating a situation where wildlife is more valuable alive than dead,” he said. So far, more than two dozen travel companies — including Exodus Travels, Journeys With Purpose and the Adventure People, as well as the airline Virgin Atlantic — have signed a “nature positive pledge” as part of the Get Nature Positive campaign, which Mr. Francis coleads as part of his work with the British government. Several companies offer experiences that allow guests to enjoy nature while also protecting it. Rewilding Europe Travel offers wolf-tracking tours in Italy, bison-trekking trips in Romania and other experiences that support the “rewilding” of European landscapes. Responsible Travel, Mr. Francis’s company, sells trips that allow guests to support sea turtle conservation in Greece or spearfish nonnative fish off the coast of Belize. Shorter experiences are also an option. Barcelona-based Authenticitys, which has signed the “nature positive pledge,” offers one- to three-hour “social impact experiences” in 40 cities in Europe and Latin America. They classify about two dozen of those activities as “nature positive.” Elena Rodríguez Blanco, the founder of the company, said they initially wondered if people would pay to pick up trash on the beach in Barcelona (as part of a stand-up paddle boarding lesson), or to clean up a canal in Amsterdam (while taking a boat tour). But many guests have enjoyed their experiences so much that they have recommended similar activities that the company could offer in their own hometowns. “That’s actually been a big part of our growth,” Ms. Rodríguez Blanco said. “It’s really rewarding.” — Paige McClanahan After a frustrating summer, travelers trying to use mileage rewards this fall may find that their points go a long way — literally. Kyle Potter, the editor at Thrifty Traveler, a travel news website, said that when cash prices go up, it’s harder to use points or miles, as they’re either more expensive or less available. The inverse, he said, is also true: When flight prices decrease, as the travel booking platform Hopper predicts will happen to domestic flights this fall, it’s easier to use points. “The summer was really tough, whether you were paying exorbitant cash prices or trying to put some points and miles to use and getting a whole lot of errors and empty dates,” Mr. Potter said. But snagging deals may be more difficult as demand increases. According to a recent survey from Forbes Advisor, more than a quarter of Americans said they expected to pay for at least one trip using credit card rewards this year. And there’s clearly pent-up demand to spend points earned — and saved — during the pandemic. A spring 2021 survey from the personal finance site NerdWallet found that travel rewards credit-card holders had an average of nearly 65,000 points and miles banked. Before booking a points redemption, you have to know when and where to look. Several airlines, like JetBlue Airways, typically offer flash sales in the fall, to entice travelers in a traditionally quieter season. While the cash deals are often tempting, the sales usually extend to reservations made with points, including on international flights. A one-way flight from Fort Lauderdale, Fla., to Guayaquil, Ecuador, for instance, was priced at $100 or 4,600 TrueBlue points during the sale. TrueBlue is a revenue-based program, meaning the cost of award tickets is determined by the cash price of a ticket. After the sale, the price for that same route was $448, or 40,800 points. Other carriers, such as Delta Air Lines and Southwest Airlines, regularly offer deals on short- and medium-haul flights. Delta’s SkyMiles are considered among the easiest to earn from its co-branded credit cards, ride-share apps, transfer partners and flights.

Travelers looking for cheap, last-minute deals can find flights from New York to New Orleans, for instance, for as low as 11,000 miles round-trip. But keep in mind that deals often come with restrictions like limited dates for your travel and what fare class you’ll be in (usually the lowest). For the New York to New Orleans flight, the low cost means you’ll get no miles for the trip or credit toward elite status, seats assigned after check-in and boarding last. A full-fare seat on the same flight costs 5,000 more miles. To quickly find the best deals, travelers should look to fly from and arrive at a destination predominantly served by their preferred airline. If United Airlines is your first choice, you may want to pick a United hub as your fall travel destination, such as Newark, Chicago, Washington-Dulles or San Francisco. Travelers can book award flights on partner airlines, too. In United’s case, travelers can book award tickets on Star Alliance carriers like Turkish Airlines or Lufthansa, which offers nonstop flights between the United States and Germany. Using Air Canada’s Aeroplan program is one of the easiest ways to book flights on United Airlines, thanks to the Canadian carrier’s distance-based award chart, meaning that the number of points required to book an award is based on the distance between the origin and destination airport. Using British Airways’ Avios mileage program is one of the cheapest ways to fly short-haul domestic flights on American Airlines across the United States. Mr. Potter recommends that travelers not tie their loyalty to an airline but to transferable points programs from credit card issuers. American Express Membership Rewards points can become, for instance, Marriott Bonvoy points, while Chase points can turn into Southwest points. Travelers thinking ahead to winter 2022 and spring 2023 trips should start planning now, he said. “Now is this time to start coming up with a plan for how you want to get there,” Mr. Potter said, referring to travel destinations, “what points and miles you need to make that a possibility and start looking for those flights because they’re going to go fast.” — Victoria Walker Cities remain a go-to. So do tropical places like the Caribbean and Cancun. In 2020, travelers avoided urban centers for beach towns and national parks, where it felt like a safer place to go, said Brian Hoyt of TripAdvisor. But by last fall, Las Vegas, New York City, and Orlando had supplanted places like Key Largo, Key West and Atlantic City, which were the top three destinations for travelers in fall 2020, according to TripAdvisor. The trend is continuing: Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Denver, Orlando and New York are the five most booked destinations in the United States for fall, according to Hopper, a travel booking site. For international travelers, cities like San Juan, Puerto Rico; Cancun; Mexico City; Barcelona; and Rome are in the top 10, according to Hopper. “What’s old is new again,” Mr. Hoyt said. “High-density population centers are back in vogue.” But lower-key vacations are still a draw. Ocean City, N.J., a beach town of about 11 miles south of Atlantic City, was the top trending U.S. destination this fall based on the number of nights booked, according to Airbnb. That’s part of a growing trend to extend summer. There has been a surge of interest from visitors who flock to the eight miles of beach in September and October, when the summer crowds leave and the town hosts events like an antique car show and a huge block party and fireworks show, said Michele Gillian, executive director of the Ocean City Regional Chamber of Commerce. Travelers remain eager to go to Europe, where demand for flights and hotel bookings is “on par” with 2019, said Kareem George, a travel adviser and the owner of Culture Traveler, a firm specializing in luxury trips. “Italy is the standout,” Mr. George said, “which is not a surprise because Italy always is the standout.”

London, Paris, Munich, Copenhagen and Dublin were the top cities searched by people looking to travel between Sept. 6 and Nov. 15, according to Expedia. The Amalfi coast in southern Italy and Santorini, a whitewashed Greek island in the Aegean Sea, are so popular this fall that travelers are struggling to find accommodations, said Charles Neville, a spokesman for Jayway, a boutique travel agency that specializes in European travel. People are so eager to tour these destinations they are willing to spend $600 to $700 a night for accommodations that may not justify that amount, he said. Mr. Neville said he is encouraging clients to book later in the fall when the weather is still pleasant and the crowds have abated, or to consider Sicily, Croatia and lesser known islands in Greece like Paros and Naxos. “Maybe that’s a way to have your Greek island vacation dreams come true without spending stupid amounts of money,” he said. In the Americas, Mexico, the Dominican Republic, Colombia and Costa Rica are seeing more passengers book trips than they did in 2019, said Scott Keyes, founder of Scott’s Cheap Flights. The countries are easy to get to and airline tickets are generally cheap — round-trip fare from nearly anywhere in the United States to Colombia was selling for about $260 in August, he said. “For a lot of folks, the trip they want to take as their first one back is fun, overseas, but not too far away,” Mr. Keyes said. That sort of ease is what Silvia Sims, a retired sales manager who lives in suburban Detroit, said she and her three friends wanted when they began planning their fall trip last May. They settled on Jamaica, where Ms. Sims, 71, has traveled nearly a dozen times since the early 1980s but had not visited since April 2019. “I’m going back to a place where I really love to visit and I feel safe,” she said. — Maria Cramer Budget travelers and the crowd-averse have long embraced the fall shoulder season, when airfares and lodging rates tended to drop and visitors could enjoy quieter hiking trails and fewer tourists around the Eiffel Tower. But flexible work, climate change and high-season hassles have pushed more travelers into fall, effectively extending summer and narrowing the bargain window ahead of the winter holidays. “I am managing hotels for the past 20 years and never seen such a rush on rooms,” said Henrik Muehle, the general manager of Flemings Mayfair in London, noting that rates are, in most cases, double 2019 prices. “Guests don’t seem bothered,” he added. Lingering consequences of the pandemic have encouraged the shift. At Little Gem Resorts on Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard, Mass., the rise of fall bookings includes a surge of postponed weddings. Social events and business gatherings have picked up at the Inn at Perry Cabin in St. Michaels, Md., where September rates remain comparable to summer, averaging $850 to $900 a night, and won’t fall substantially until November, when they start at $340. Thanks in part to flexible work policies, business has been so good at Four Seasons Resort and Residences Jackson Hole, in Jackson, Wyo., that the resort will forego its traditional three-week fall closure this year, and offer cycling and wolf-watching trips in Yellowstone National Park. “Guests are aspiring to be here when the crowds aren’t,” said Cory Carlson, the regional director of marketing for the resort. Seasonal drift depends on location. Vrbo, the vacation home rental agency, said fall prices still drop as much as 25 percent compared with summer in some popular beach destinations. In these climate-changing times, planning a trip around perfect weather seems futile. At Remote Lands, which specializes in Asia, bookings in Thailand in the traditional shoulder season, August through October, are up 25 percent. “Prepandemic, the thought of a rain shower was something that clients would avoid and would shift their desired location or dates,” said Catherine Heald, the co-founder and chief executive of Remote Lands.

“Now, clients understand that with climate change there is a chance that they may have blue skies throughout the stay and are ready and willing to travel.” Other travelers continue to prioritize space and untrammeled access to nature, readily found in fall. In southern France, Coquillade Provence Resort & Spa will stay open this year from November to January, when temperatures are often more comfortable than summer, rather than closing as usual. Management plans to offer seasonal activities like truffle hunting. “A lot of people are trying to experience the same thing at a much lower volume and without as many people around them,” said David Arraya, the general manager of Six Senses Ibiza off the coast of Spain, where the 2021 summer peak lasted to November. Overtourism and climate-change impacts have disrupted tourism around Yosemite National Park in Northern California. Wildfires, the need for a reservation and fewer European visitors owing, in part, to a weak euro, have depressed summer numbers this year in Mariposa County, where the park is. “Shoulder seasons are disappearing and peak seasons are not peak any longer,” said Jonathan Farrington, the executive director of Yosemite Mariposa County Tourism Bureau. “April through November is one season and December through March is shoulder season.” He attributes the shift in part to younger people who visited the park during the pandemic and discovered its appeal in the calmer but still comfortable months, when tourism is more sustainable. “If you have the ability to choose when to go outside of June, July and August,” Mr. Farrington added, “it’s the responsible thing to do.” — Elaine Glusac In early October, Jess Field, her 9-year-old daughter and husband will spend four nights in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, in a hotel with a balcony overlooking crashing waves. The luxury Hyatt hotel they booked goes for more than $1,000 a night, but it will not cost her anything; she will pay only the taxes on the family’s flights from Houston. This is because Ms. Field has a system for covering vacation costs with hotel and airline points, which she acquires by opening new credit cards with stellar welcome bonuses. She is just one of many parents who will turn to points this fall. Last year, concerns about Covid were the primary reason that parents opted not to travel, according to several travel advisers. Now, as six-month-old babies are getting vaccinated, coronavirus cases are falling, restrictions are fading and inflation is driving up prices, money has become the main obstacle to booking trips, according to a study of 16,000 adults by Morning Consult, a market research company. Ms. Field, who teaches a course on leveraging credit card offers, has found that families are eager to find creative ways to cover costs. A recent survey by Vacasa, a vacation rental site, reinforced this observation, finding that people with children were significantly more likely to have fall travel plans than people without. “People want to travel, but they don’t have the budget and this allows them to have the best of both worlds,” Ms. Field said. In a recent week, around 180 students signed up for her Travel Hacking Mom course. This is more than she or her co-founders could recall enrolling during such a short period throughout the course’s four-year history. Money concerns are not the only thing that has changed. Most children must now attend in-person school. This means less flexibility for travel. And yet, several travel agents said that they have noticed the pandemic has imbued parents with more of a you-only-live-once-and-it’s-OK-to-pull-my-kid-out-of-school-for-a-vacation way of thinking. “There’s been a shift in mind-set,” said Amie O’Shaughnessy, the founder of Ciao Bambino!, a travel agency based in Sun Valley, Idaho. As to the sorts of trips that families are planning this fall, Nadia Henry, the founder of Travel with Sparkle, an agency based in West Orange, N.

J., said that interest in Europe, reunions and all-inclusive resorts continues to be strong. Ms. Field has found that many families also crave a cruise. “Parents are tired and burned out and they want to go somewhere easy,” she said. She’s also picked up on excitement about Disney’s restarting certain fall events and allowing children to hug characters once again. Gregg Kaminsky, a co-founder of R Family Vacations, based in Southampton, N.Y., observed that despite the passage of what opponents call “Don’t Say Gay” legislation in Florida, it’s still looking as if the state will be a popular fall destination for L.G.B.T.Q. families. One difference, he notes, is that some gay and trans parents seem to be more interested in group travel, something that reminds him of the 1990s when L.G.B.T.Q. people traveled in groups for safety. Another influencing factor: Some parents are still working remotely. Among “high net-worth families” with small children, this has translated into interest in hiring a nanny who can hit the road at a moment’s notice, according to the Nanny Authority, a child care provider placement agency based in New York City. As to where families stay, the pandemic seems to have pushed many parents and grandparents toward Airbnb and VRBO, said Seth Borko, a senior research analyst at Skift, a travel trade publication. Chekitan Dev, a marketing professor at Cornell University’s Nolan School of Hotel Administration, said that vacation-home competition has prompted some hotel brands, such as Hilton, to finally make it easier to book connected rooms. — Heather Murphy Major cruise lines like Carnival, Princess Cruises and Norwegian Cruise Line have dropped their vaccine requirements. As of Sept. 5, passengers leaving on Royal Caribbean International from the United States on certain cruises were allowed to provide their own Covid test results, instead of one from a health professional, according to the company, which has also dropped its vaccine requirements. Lindblad Expeditions, which takes passengers to far-flung destinations like the Galápagos Islands and Antarctica, said it is keeping vaccine requirements in place but is no longer requiring booster shots. MSC Cruises, which also dropped its vaccine requirement for residents of the United States, will no longer require tests for vaccinated passengers. The changes came soon after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention dropped a voluntary program through which cruises reported the vaccination status of passengers and crew and regular updates about case counts. As a result of the looser restrictions, more passengers from Europe are flying into the United States to board cruises, said Rubén A. Rodríguez, president of MSC Cruises USA. “We’ve also seen more people from the U.S. branch out and book itineraries in the Mediterranean and elsewhere, now that international travel protocols are easier to manage,” he said in a statement. It has been a boon for the cruise industry, which experienced two years of enormous losses because of the pandemic and a slow restart in June 2021. Jeremy Clubb, founder of Rainforest Cruises, which specializes in exotic riverboat and small ship cruises, said he expects the company will surpass its 2019 sales total by at least 20 percent. The winter is looking especially promising, with the number of bookings for cruises up 60 percent compared with the same time last year, he said. “It is clear that many people are growing noticeably less fearful of Covid and are eager to get traveling again,” Mr. Clubb said in an email. Don Zingale, 76, said he and his wife are planning a 45-day cruise on Oceania Cruises from Barcelona to Rome to Miami in October. Mr. Zingale, a retired university executive based in Point Richmond, Calif., said he was “very unhappy” to see the company loosen restrictions around testing and vaccines. “Letting unvaccinated people on a ship filled with older people is not the smartest thing in the world,” he said.

Still, Mr. Zingale, who estimates that he spends 100 nights on cruises a year, said the new rules would not keep him from ships, where he often enjoys luxurious amenities for “bargain prices.”“The value outweighs the risks,” he said. “It is too fun.” Deals are likely to abound throughout the season, said Colleen McDaniel, the editor in chief of Cruise Critic, a leading cruise review site. “You can cruise the Caribbean for less than $60 a night, or the Mexican Riviera for less than $80 a night,” she said. Before the pandemic, bargains on trips like that would have been under $100 a night, she said. The aggressive discounts began in late spring and continued into the summer, as late bookings and a glut of cruise ships created a situation where ships were less than 100 percent full. Travelers should take advantage of deals to take cruises to areas they might not have considered before, like Portland and Bar Harbor, Maine, or Halifax and St. John in Canada, Ms. McDaniel said. They are destinations with great dining, beautiful vistas and scenic mountain trails that nevertheless “sort of slip under the radar,” she said. The discounts may not last as restrictions ease and bookings increase, however, said Ms. McDaniel. “We’re seeing more and more people getting on board ships,�� she said. “People are really, really excited to get back to sailing.” — Maria Cramer 52 Places for a Changed World The 2022 list highlights places around the globe where travelers can be part of the solution. Follow New York Times Travel on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook. And sign up for our weekly Travel Dispatch newsletter to receive expert tips on traveling smarter and inspiration for your next vacation. Dreaming up a future getaway or just armchair traveling? Check out our 52 Places for a Changed World for 2022. Development: Gabriel GianordoliPhoto editors: Elizabeth Bristow and Phaedra Brown An earlier version of this article misstated Elena Rodríguez Blanco's title at the Barcelona-based Authenticitys company. She is the founder of the company, not a co-founder. Airports in the United States and Europe are struggling to keep up with demand. Here’s what to do if your flight is delayed or canceled. To deal with disruptions and make the journey a little easier, turn your smartphone into a travel tool. This checklist is a good way to start. A flight attendant who has been on the job for 20 years answers your questions and offers tips for avoiding flight drama and jet lag. Many airports and airlines are understaffed. If your luggage gets lost, here are your next steps. Technology can help you make traveling less of a headache. Here are some apps and tips to try. In need of a new or updated passport? Brace yourself: Options for getting one have narrowed — and it’s likely going to cost you. Wondering how to chase an elusive refund from travel operators, what to do if the airline switches up your itinerary or how to get restitution for lost luggage? Our Tripped Up columnist can answer your questions. Advertisement source

[amphtaminedreams]

Paris Haute Couture Week S/S 2020 Plus a Little Jacquemus: Okay, Dior DID Suck (Part 1/2)

Hi to anyone reading,

Oh my god. I completely forgot there was also 2 haute couture weeks. I FEEL SO OVERWHELMED. Here I was getting all geared up for the F/W 2020 shows and suddenly it’s Jean Paul Gaultier’s last show and everybody’s (predictably) buzzing about the Jacquemus collection. I can’t keep up. But Haute Couture week is a lot less intense than the RTW shows so I suppose I should be enjoying this relative peace whilst I can. 

I remember my last post about Haute Couture week opened with me defending Maria Grazia from the wrath of the internet; if Jacquemus is social media’s Lord and Saviour, this woman is the Antichrist. She’s Michael Langdon minus the dramatic flair. But the thing is, I genuinely really liked the Dior collection last time. Maybe because I was newer to the discipline of scouring Vogue Runway, but the lack of originality didn’t bother me; it was still something I’d die to wear, gothic yet delicate and relevant for 2019. 

That being said, this time round, I have to open by doing the exact opposite and concurring: this time round, Dior was in fact, utter shit.

I feel mean saying it but...really? These were the slightly more salvageable outfits and my favourite of the bunch, and to be honest they don’t really capture the full extent of how outdated this collection was to me. I know that the concept behind the show was this idea of the divine feminine but Greek Goddess has been done SO many times. If you’re gonna go down that route, you have to bring something new, elevate it in some way. It can’t be THIS generic.

I can’t believe that in 2020 we’re really seeing plaited hairbands. The individual dresses are basic, but not so much the problem as the styling; they look like outfits I would’ve put together back in 2012. That’s not an exaggeration. I think even 2013 me would appreciate that you need to make things a little twisty. 

The colour scheme is pretty, don’t get me wrong, and I like the cowl necks-the white dresses are the highlights. I think the concept of this collection was conceived with all the best intentions. But as a designer you need to take risks and I don’t see one single risk here; there isn’t anything that wouldn’t already be sold in your local H&M. Dior is such an established brand, Maria Grazia has room to do whatever she wants. And yet it just comes across like she’s out of ideas. 

You’ve got to look at a designer like Ulyana Sergeenko:

When I say elevated (but still in the vein of wearable), I mean something like this. To be completely honest, I hadn’t heard of Ulyana Sergeenko until I saw shots of this show on Twitter. But what a perfect mix of kitsch and glamour. The influences are clear: Priscilla Presley, Barbie, Jackie O, Valley of the Dolls, the rich stay-at-home wife of the 60s, the Alessandra Rich/Scream Queens-esque sorority girl, Paris fucking Hilton. It’s exaggerated and it’s tongue in cheek with total grounds to call it trashy-there’s a corset resembling a Benjamin Franklin, ffs-but it’s all done with a wink and a nudge. And in all honesty, I just think it’s beautiful. Can you imagine Frances O’Sullivan (@Beautyspock on IG) in one of these looks? It would be worthy of the Rose McGowan cultural reset meme ten times over.

Everything is feline, from the very literal cat silhouettes and cat headed boa, to the makeup and the hair clips. It reminds me of the last RTW Ralph and Russo show but with even more attention to detail. And look at the STAGE. If this collection were a song, it’d be Disco Tits by Tove Lo. And no, I’m not just saying that because one of the dresses actually does feature a (cat shaped) disco tit. Like these are the clothes I dreamed of putting my Bratz dolls, and for null I’m sure, myself in. Absolute perfection. Plus, I’ve loved Coco Rocha since she was on The Face with Naomi Campbell; she is, after all, to thank for the iconic “check your lipstick before you come for me” line. Girl is really the martyr for all purple lipstick lovers, cut down in her prime by a pissed-off Naomi. 

Onto Alexandre Vauthier, which I also really liked. An interesting yet effortless blend of the old and the new, the masculine and the feminine, if I could sum this collection up in one word, it would be cool. I know, it’s not the most descriptive, but it pretty much sums up how I feel; I’m not AS gassed about it as I am about Ulyana Sergeenko or this season’s Elie Saab (wait for it), but it’s a fresh offering, even if the styles aren’t the most groundbreaking. Stand outs for me are the almost petticoat like, debutante dresses which have Elle Fanning’s name written all over them.

I was hard pressed to find favourites in the Armani Privé collection if I’m honest. I’m not saying it was awful, all I know is that it just isn’t my style. It’s all a bit TOO tailored for my liking, and kinda reminds me of the Zara pantsuits my Spanish teacher used to wear. In other words, I find it to be a bit dowdy. On a positive note, the colours, fabrics, and beading are all stunning, so I see that a lot of craftsmanship clearly went into it; I think my biggest issue is the styling and the shapes (or lack of) on show. I’m very much getting a 20s, flapper vibe and whilst that’s an era that fascinates me and that I appreciate was cutting-edge at the time, I’ve yet to see it be bought into the 21st century in a way that doesn’t look stiff or costume-y. 

Then there’s Azzaro. At the complete opposite end of the scale to Armani, it doesn’t look expensive, which I’m sure isn’t something any designer previewing their collection at haute couture week is striving for. BUT that being said, I’d be much more likely to wear something from this collection than I would from Armani Privé. I mean, I have no shot at ever wearing either but ya get me. 

Whilst I’m sure it or something similar has been done before, the mesh diamanté dress is exquisite and I’m a huge fan of the stacked gem chokers and belts. The whole collection looks like something a London socialite who parties by night but (deep breath in) plays in a shitty band so fancies herself a bit of a rockstar by day would wear (exhale) and as much as that doesn’t sound like a compliment, I mean it as one. I’m talking about the kind of person you’d see smoking outside a bar and think “I wish I was them but I am potato lol”. I mean, as far as faux fur and fedoras are concerned, I’m gonna find it hard to completely slate a collection so this is pretty up my alley.

Chanel was a huge step up from their last RTW collection, imo, and probably on par with their last haute couture offering. It’s that same blend of preppy Chanel detailing (i.e the exaggerated collars, the checks and the lace) and practicality, only even more austere this time round.

It’s funny because when I looked back on original notes on this collection, before I’d even done any research into the context, I saw that one of the things I’d written was “giving me Victorian orphanage madame” as well as “something something Amish” and I wasn’t THAT far off base. The collection is, after all, supposed to be a tribute to the nuns who raised Coco Chanel at the beginning of the century in an Abbey-cum-orphanage. This makes me really happy; I know not everyone’s a fan of Virginie Viard’s nods back to the past and the brand’s origins but as a history nerd, I definitely am. 

There’s also definitely a lot of things that can be translated into high street trends here: the combination of decorative white socks and black shoes is something I’ve seen making a comeback already, tulle is always a winner (I actually don’t mind it as an overlay, I think it’s pretty, sue me) and I have no doubt we’ll be seeing these dramatic collars creeping back onto tops and jumpers throughout the year. It’s been a while since they were a thing anyway and we all know how cyclical fashion is.

Another high note for Elie Saab this haute couture season; if I was an expressive person, I probably would’ve audibly gasped as I looked through this collection. It is SO FUCKING MAGNIFICENT. The colour scheme, the baroque prints, the floral sequinned embroidery, these are Cinderella style ballgowns taken to the next level. Elie Saab really is the definition of opulence and I’m not at all mad about it. Please, somebody put Lana Del Rey in one of these, PLEASE. Remind her how much of a princess she is and get her out of those “soccer mom” looks.

I’m so stuck between this collection and Ulyana Sergeenko as my favourite, and the latter might just pip the other to the post, purely because of the staging and extravagance of the presentation itself. 

Georges Hobeika was predictably phenomenal. Like, I’m not going to lie, I am easily won over by some sequins and tulle, I’ve never claimed any different, and if you can expect that from anyone, it’s this guy (ignore that phrasing making me sound like his proud mother). The colour scheme is very spring appropriate and so is the 3D flower detailing, and if there’s anything good to take from Ascot and English royal weddings, Georges Hobeika knows it’s the hats.

It was another strong year for Givenchy too:

Though Claire Waight Keller is also fond of the extravagant details along the lines of feather and tulle, it’s always done in a more organic way; the details are always more reminiscent of nature, something created by accident, than they are suggestive of painstaking attention to detail, the image of someone hunched over a dress beading for hours on end à la Georges Hobeika or Elie Saab. That is not a bad thing at all; if anything, it makes Givenchy more interesting to study and gives you more to think about. Sometimes a dress takes you a bit longer to fully appreciate, but I’d say that only lends to its memorability. This year’s willowy, billowing, and at times coral-esque structures  remind me of something I can see being worn down an Iris Van Herpen runway, set apart by that delicate Givenchy finesse. And side not: I know this post is to talk about the clothes, not the models, but I got super excited over seeing Sora Choi and Adut Akech walk too. 

Guo Pei is always fun to look at. I mean, this collection is giving me half Matryoshka dolls, half It’s A Small World Christmas edition and I can’t hate on that. 

And then there’s Iris Van Herpen, who knocked it out of the park once again. At this point, I wouldn’t expect anything less. Every outfit looks like something that could be exhibited in the Tate Modern (I know, it’s a basic opinion, but it’s true: TATE MODERN IS THE BEST MUSEUM IN LONDON), or honestly, the Design Museum, just for the genius that must go into the way these dresses move. Honestly, if I can see a goddess wearing anything, it’s more one of these looks than anything in the Dior collection. Like wife of Poseidon or something; I know it’s not very feminist of me to not know the Greek Goddess of the sea’s name but I only know who Poseidon is because I was a Percy Jackson fan back in the day so let me live.

It’s not like the whole under-the-sea theme is particularly new, Zimmerman did something similar last RTW (I think? Correct me if I’m wrong), but these constructions could’ve grown out of the sea bed themselves, which is more of an original take than “oo, blue and white and frothy hemlines!”. Additionally, we’ve got these dresses with the overlapping almost plaited fabric that are-we’re sticking with the goddess references here-fit for Persephone ruling over hell. As for the Grudge-looking dress (fourth down, far left), I could be reaching, but is anyone else seeing that as a nod to the oil spills polluting our oceans? Because that would just add yet another layer to this collection. 

Regardless, it’s all impeccable and I’m in love. Iris Van Herpen as a MET Gala theme. Make it happen.

Anyway, to end on a high note, that’s it for this post! 

Sorry it’s such a sudden cut-off but Jean Paul Gaultier was due to be my second to last to review and due to it being the final show, there’s an onslaught of photos that would not fit with what’s already in this post. Plus, I’d rather start a post with Jacquemus then end it as I feel like there’s a lot of hype around his collections online right now so 1). it’s clickbait (for what, I do not know, as I’m not exactly making any money off this blog, just losing my sanity as it transpires when Tumblr accidentally terminated it earlier today and I had a minor breakdown) and 2). this Steve Buscemi meme is the most accurate representation of only 21 year old me to grace the internet:

I will aim to post part 2/2 in the next week, including JPG, as I just mentioned, the Jacquemus co-ed show, Margiela, Valentino and more, and as always, thank you for anyone who read until the end! You are an angel:-)

Lauren x

[gothify1]

Since you’re reading Who What Wear, it’s probably safe to assume that you enjoy keeping up with the latest and greatest in fashion and beauty. Even if that’s not the case, odds are you like to experiment with your personal style every now and again, and what better way to dip your toes—erm, fingers—into a new trend than with your manicure? Taking a new nail color , design, or technique for a test drive doesn’t have to be a major commitment, which is why we’re excited about experimenting with a bunch of exciting new nail trends in 2020. Of course, as Who What Wear editors, we don’t just follow the trends—we discover them. Thanks to four of our favorite nail industry experts, we’re pretty sure these nail trends are going to be making waves in the next year (and new decade) to come. So whether you’re a classic French manicure devotee looking for a subtle way to change it up, enjoy experimenting every time you visit the nail salon, or prefer to go the DIY route at home, our experts have predicted 19 nail trends that should definitely be on your radar. Keep scrolling for incredible nail art inspiration , subtle new shades, sleek designs, and even a few technical innovations to keep an eye out for according to the professionals behind buzzworthy brands Olive & June , Mazz Hanna Beauty , Jin Soon , and Varnish Lane . These women definitely know what’s up when it comes to the latest and greatest in nail care—just don’t forget the top coat! For early 2020, Sarah Gibson Tuttle of Olive and June says we can expect to see metallics continue to dominate our feeds. "Everything from warm rose gold to icy platinum," she predicts. Celebrity crystal manicurist Mazz Hanna agrees, predicting we'll see a variety of different hues with pearly metallic finishes. "It's been a while since frosty colors have been on trend, so I predict this making a comeback in a big way." Editorial manicurist Jin Soon Choi predicts that yellow will see a major comeback due to its "undeniably young and fun spirit." Eva Chen, pictured above, sported a bright yellow Jin Soon shade for the 2019 Met Gala. Lauren Dunne, co-founder and CEO of Varnish Lane, predicts that dark greens are going to be big in 2020. "It's a shade that people weren't comfortable wearing for a long time, and they're just now realizing that it's an extremely universally flattering shade that gets tons of compliments." For spring, Tuttle expects to see shades reminiscent of a garden party. "We are in a sage, sunny yellow, and pinky lavender mood," she explains. "Adding a higher concentration of white into shades really makes the color pop." Hanna predicts that pastel nails will be back in a big way. "It feels like a natural progression the latest '90s craze," she explains."Think Hard Candy–inspired colors with glossy topcoats." Dunne also predicts that we'll start to see "soft orange" colors replacing the typical corals that Varnish Lane clients gravitate toward in the spring. "We're so excited to see classic blue chosen as the Pantone color of the year for 2020 because we already see this color becoming more popular for nails," says Dunne. Jin Soon Choi agrees, noting that blue is definitely an It color for next year. "I used various nudes during the 2020 fashion week shows for Tibi, Phillip Lim, Alexander Wang, Coach, and Longchamp," recalls Choi. She recommends experimenting by using nude alone, nude/ombre, and nude in a matte finish for a cool spin on the nude trend. Matte manis are definitely making a comeback according to Tuttle. "Matte topcoat has become one of our most requested products as of late," notes the Olive & June founder. Choi is excited to see vibrant '80s colors back in the mix, with fun designs or a different color on each finger as seen during several recent fashion shows. "With the upcoming and much-anticipated election happening in 2020, I suspect that people will turn to their tips to support their political views," says Hanna. Olive & June clients are still not over the ombré mani. "I think we'll see this design trend transition from a different shade on every finger to a more subtle two or three shade ombré," explains Tuttle. According to Hanna, negative-space manicures never go out of style, but she suspects we'll be seeing even more minimalistic designs in 2020. "We're taking cues from our favorite jewelry brands and incorporating subtle swipes of metallics into our manis," says Tuttle. This is a clever way to compliment your favorite ring stacks. This is not your grandmother's French manicure! "For 2020, instead of a traditional crescent, we'll see new tip styles such as heart shapes, double Frenches, and asymmetrical placement," says Tuttle. Hannah agrees, noting that we should expect to see more variations in the tip color and width of line work on the nail tip as pictured above. Choi concurs, sharing, "Simple nail art, such as tweaked versions of French manicures and halfway negative space, confetti, and one big dot on each finger will be popular." A lot of artists used this modern style of French nail art during the NYFW S/S 20, as seen above at the Rag & Bone show. Tuttle says she is looking forward to applying color theory to create more nuanced and custom colors. "We'll see the layering of polishes to give even more dimensionality to shades," she explains. Try layering a metallic under a barely there sheen for a subtle glow from within that works year-round. Creating products that really work is a priority across the beauty business as we head into the 2020s. Tuttle shares that the Olive & June team is working on a few new treatments and looking forward to creating even more products that are truly innovative (like its patented universal polish bottle handle, pictured above) in the coming decade. Hanna is super excited about Orly's Builder in a Bottle product, which she says has totally changed the nail extension game. "It makes gel nail extensions super easy, which is great because it's a much healthier alternative to toxic acrylics." Poly gel is the latest nail tech invention that has caught Choi's eye. "It's a breakthrough nail enhancement that can be applied as an overlay or used to sculpt a full set of nails," she explains. "The enhanced formula delivers strong, flexible, feather-light nails—it is astonishingly light on clients yet stronger than hard gels," she raves.  Additionally, Choi predicts that gel nail stickers with fun colors and designs will continue to grow in popularity, longevity, and shine as seen above on Choi's client. When it comes to the biggest trend in nail care, Varnish Lane is already leading the way. The Washington, D.C.–based salons are setting the standard for waterless nail care. By eliminating water, a main source of infection when getting a manicure, they have created a much safer service for clients. Additionally, when hands and feet are soaked in water, they become waterlogged and are not able to absorb any other moisturizing products. Furthermore, nails also expand in water, which causes polish to chip prematurely. If all of this isn't convincing enough, waterless manicures save up to 15 gallons of water per service, making it much more environmentally friendly than the traditional treatment.  Saving the planet's water supply one manicure at a time? That's something we can all support in 2020. Up next: Anna Wintour Says These Are the 8 Biggest Trends of 2020

[dozedilitry-blog]

Where are the best diving places in Asia?

Often times, the most stunning details on the planet cannot just be spotted on land. What stay underneath in our wide coasts resembles a universe all of its own, and in case you have an adventuresome bone in your system, you'll concur that it deserves checking out. So, where are the best diving places in Asia? Below is a list of the six most well-known places for diving in the region:

1. PulauSipadan, Malaysia

Among the island's distinct attributes is a turtle tomb, an undersea limestone cave which presents lots of slim passages and chambers having the remains of green sea turtles which have gotten tangled and drowned.

PulauSipadan is the only maritime island in Malaysia, and prior to 2002 it was the topic of a rigorous territorial dispute between Malaysia and Indonesia

2. Raja Ampat, Indonesia.

Commonly featured in advertisements by the Indonesian Tourism Board is the spectacular bunch of islands of Raja, Ampat. Well known for its biodiversity, whitetip reef sharks,spottings of wobbegong sharks, manta rays, large schools of mackerels and tuna, and batfish are typical.

The most ideal means to admire the remarkable underwater landscape of endless brilliantly colored reef walls, where soft and hard corals rival for area and swim among aquatic animals of all sizes and shapes is to hop around the different dive sites or perform a liveboard.

3. The Gulf Coast of Thailand-- Koh Tao

With more than 50 dive schools on the island, providing PADI (Professional association of diving instructors) and SSI (Scuba Schools International) training courses at affordable prices, countless backpackers throughout the years have acquired their underwater licenses here.

In case you're on a backpacker budget, the small island of Koh Tao, in the Gulf of Thailand, has long been regarded THE site to learn to dive. From the exceptional Chumphon Pinnacle to the Trident Wreck, there are several fascinating underwater dive sites to keep newbie or sophisticated divers occupied.

4. TUBBATAHA REEF-- PHILIPPINES

Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and residence to several of the Philippine’s best diving sites. The reef has amazing biodiversity, a distinct underwater surface, and large marine animals sightings like manta rays, turtles, and sharks. It is actually considered to be among the most exceptional coral reefs on our planet.

5. Yonaguni, Japan

Man-made?Natural? The Yonaguni district in Japan is home to unusual formations which litter its underwater world. Until now, researchers have discovered structures which look like pyramids, castles and even roads. No one knows if they are natural or not, although the stones seem integrated to the sea bed, the hunt for answers is continuous.

6. Pondicherry, India

Lying in the Bay of Bengal, situated in the coast of the city of Pondicherry are several of India's most gorgeous dive sites. Aravind's Wall is an interesting site for drift diving enthusiasts. It comes with wide range of lion fish, coral, grouper, eels, kingfish, parrot fish, triggerfish, and sea snakes. In case you're fortunate, you could even see whale sharks, sharks, mantas, dolphins, and turtles.

Another interesting site is Temple Reef, which is an artificial reef, including entirely recycled materials like cement, rocks, trees, palms, and iron bars. It has more than 100 species surviving on it, including giant groupers and yellow frog fish.

[pkbazaarlahore-blog]

Women Sunglasses Online For Selling In Pakistan

Extreme Spring Trends 2018

Everything is well in spring, wouldn't you say? Sun is sparkling, blossoms are sprouting, the grass is getting greener, everybody's looking glowy and (at last) alive, that is the means by which we see the current year's spring in any case. Be that as it may, how about we did not overlook the design that each spring brings along – every one of the hues, examples, and shapes. Despite the fact that not just your preferred dress lines are getting into the spring soul the eyewear is getting really new as well!

THE MOST POPULAR STYLES

Three of our dearest bloggers united their preferred sets of shades for your spring motivation.

Energetic shades

Natalia is in our eyerim family for some time now. At eye edge, we know her as an intense lady who can pull off actually everything. She is amusing, she is perfect, she is challenging, she pulled off these lively unisex Uvex Sportstyle shades and she looks extraordinary. In case you're not into this specific model, however, yet you're still into the brave lively style of shades, examine these other Uvex shades we hold for you at eye edge and we wager you'll locate the one!

Jeweled edges

Ivana otherwise known as Sweet Lady Lollipop is a Slovak design blogger partaking in eyerim fam for a significant long time. She is exquisite yet additionally easygoing and that is the thing that makes her so genuine to us. At the point when gotten some information about these Marc Jacobs sunnies, she replied: "Gold encircled Marc Jacobs shades are an incredible, indulgent and exquisite piece. They go splendidly with basic outfits yet additionally look incredible with marginally retro ones. That is the reason I picked this outfit, with somewhat of a vintage feel. "

Patterns IN COLORS

Striking hues are a significant evident piece of the spring. Possibly you cherish blazing shading combo; perhaps you can't get enough of dark lasting through the year – regardless of where your dedication lies, our bloggers got you.

One of a kind beautiful shades

Regardless of whether you need to light up your rich, all dark outfit with the striking point of interest or you need to shroud your "no make-up" tired face, you'll be knocking some people's socks off with these dark, green and red Gucci shades. Take Natália, she is the ideal model - she knows well that Gucci is dependably a smart thought.

Straightforward smooth edges

"Pink shading, particularly the fuchsia conditioned one, is harder to join on the off chance that you would prefer not to look excessively sweet," said the exquisite Rebeka from the Style of Becca who has clearly an unmistakable vision of what is in style. "I never consolidate clear hues with dark since this combo appears to be shabby to me. I attempted a blend of pink and numerous shades of tans – camel or bare and I'm getting a charge out of this blend a great deal! This outfit will work out for me once more." Want to look like Becca? All things considered, we realize we do. Get these dazzling Michael Kors shades or any of these comparable ones and appreciate a reasonable view amid radiant spring days.

Fantastic pink focal points

"Viewing the world pass by through pink shades? There's not much. Particularly in the event that they resemble these Dolce and Gabbana ones! These pink squared shades are the fantasy of (nearly) every fashionista and Dolce and Gabbana is never a failure. In my eyes, they're somewhat cutting edge and that is the motivation behind why I joined them in a moderate style," Ivana said. What's more, we can't help but concur! Everything is better with pink shades. Attempt it.

States OF THE SEASON

Style changes its shape each season thus does the shades. They change their shape constantly: one season they're enormous and larger than usual, and after that, they're the most modest seemingly insignificant details.

Curiously large feline eye shades

In case you're adoring Sweet Lady Lollipop's outfit as much as we do, get some motivation from her astute design counsel: "Mother pants, stripe tee, military-style coat, and a beret – I needed this outfit to intrigue however uncomplicated and young. Such outfits look incredible adorned with these Prada shades. Albeit apparently looking exceptionally circumspect and reasonable yet on eyes, they have very surprising jazz. I adore they're variable – the shading and the style. You can wear them with an exquisite dress, however, they're incredible with easygoing outfits as well." Wondering if Prada feline eye outlines are for you? Investigate this face shape guide and head to the eyerim site at that point, eh?

Vintage browline outlines

Style of Becca is infatuated with these Ray-Ban Blaze Clubmaster pair of shades! She said it herself: "I cherish the mix of red and blue, in a wide range of shades like coral red and turquoise blue together, or even strawberry tones with mints. These blends are made for spring! Reflected shades are a MUST HAVE for me! They look astounding, fun loving and new." You see now? Go get them, these Ray-Bans are selling like new bread!

Great round focal points

Round Ray-Bans are a work of art and you can never ruin anything with them. Little or larger than usual, Natalia looks extraordinary wearing them. So will you! As yet pondering whether round shades would be the correct decision for you? the eyerim blog has your back again - here is another face shape manual for the assistance you choose.

There you go, people – we trust our dear bloggers enlivened and roused you to stage a touch of your customary range of familiarity this spring. We stick by our conviction that each design diva ought to have in any event one sets of somewhat insane, erratic, vivid shades. Trust us, the world will change monstrously in such shades. Still, however, in case you're not propelled enough, look at this blog entry where we chose our preferred looks from the current year's design weeks so you're elegantly roused and prepared for the spring's blossom in a major style. If you buy sunglasses then you connect him.we provided shipping in all over the cities like Lahore, Karachi,, Faisalabad, Islamabad, Gujranwala, Multan, Sindh, Peshawar, Quetta, and etc

[logodesign0-blog]

You Essential A New Logo Designed For Your Business, Wedding, Event Or Sports Team - Currently What?

Do you have any of these predicaments?

* You need a Logo Design for another business you are setting up.

* Your games group needs a logo.

* You are getting hitched and you need a logo for the solicitations or seating place-holders.

* Your organization's logo should be invigorated, redone, modernized, or recolored.

* You have a logo, however, it's never been the best quality (it's somewhat fluffy).

* You have a mark occasion that requires a logo.

* One of your printing accomplices is asking for your logo in a vector group.

* You have a shading logo, yet you have to give it in dark.

In the event that you wind up in any of these circumstances, don't stress. It's normally very fun and intriguing to have a logo made or refreshed. Having it put into different organizations isn't that difficult either. You simply need to realize whom to work with, what to search for, which things to ask and what you can anticipate.

What is a logo? A logo is an imprint, badge, image or symbol with recognizing attributes. Regularly, it is comprised of words and an image or delineation, yet here and there the words are the image. A portion of the pictures that strike a chord are the Playboy bunny, the Nike registration, McDonald's brilliant curves, Audi's four between associated level rings, Apple's mostly eaten apple, Mercedes Benz's three-point star around, World Wildlife Fund's high contrast panda, and Starbucks' two-followed delegated mermaid.

Logo originators more often than not come as Graphic Designer, Print Designer, Creative Firm or Marketing Company. Costs can shift from seventy-five dollars straight as much as ten thousand dollars relying upon whom you contract, the kind of customer base they work with and the extent of your organization, occasion, group or task. Before you call them to examine evaluating, investigate their logo portfolio to perceive what they have created. On the off chance that you like their style, get in touch with them. On the off chance that they hit you up rapidly, it's most likely a decent begin to your relationship.

When you contact a Creative Logo architect and concur on the value, you can anticipate that your creator should make inquiries like:

 1) What is the name of your organization, group or occasion?

2) What is your slogan, mantra, situating explanation or goal?

3) What does your organization, group, or occasion sell or do?

4) Who are your essential clients?

5) What sort of inclination do you need your logo to make?

6) Do you have any shading inclinations?

7) Is there anything emblematic that you might want to make reference to?

8) What is your group, occasion or organization's history?

On the off chance that your logo is being intended for your wedding, the creator will need to realize the hues related with the enormous day, where the wedding will be held, how you met one another, the wedding topic and your names. A Western wedding logo (ranchers, steeds) would warrant a significant unexpected style in comparison to an Eastern wedding (tiger, sanctuary, light, lotus) Logo Design.

A logo for a games group would need to consider the group name, sexual orientation of the group, uniform hues and if there is a mascot or not. It bodes well for The Calgary Flames hockey group logo to have flares falling off the C simply dependent on the name alone, isn't that right?

When your originator sets up a vibe and general bearing for your logo, the person will create various structures for you to take a gander at. It is essential to realize what number of starting plans you can expect and what number of rounds of corrections are incorporated when you are arranging the cost. You can, for the most part, anticipate that the plans should be messaged to you in a.jpg design which is anything but difficult to open. On the off chance that you are in the equivalent geographic zone, a few fashioners or artists will take a seat to indicate you them and to see your response. On the off chance that you are working with a long separation architect, email proofs work extraordinary.

In some cases, you'll see a structure that works for you directly off the bat. Or on the other hand perhaps you like the symbolism, however, you can't peruse the wording (textual style type). Perhaps you like the general structure and the wording, however not the shading. Hues and text style styles are very simple to change except if you need a costly textual style that hasn't been planned for in the venture. A lot of times, logos are planned with free text styles. Here and there this makes the logo less special. Now and again, there is nothing amiss with free text style and it fits in pleasantly with whatever remains of the structure.

On the off chance that you despise the majority of the plans that are appeared to you, your fashioner may need to alter course or potentially pose more inquiries. It's a procedure of becoming more acquainted with what you like. Frequently, it works out well with a few variants returning and forward. It is a smart thought to have a "slaughter expense" spread out amid the value arrangement process just on the off chance that you and the originator essentially can't concede to the plan. That way, you can both leave the undertaking with you having paid a smidgen to realize what you don't care for and them profiting for the exertion they put in. It occurs.

More often than not, the planned procedure functions admirably and you will get an incredible logo that depicts your group, occasion or organization with pleasant visual effect.

 When a plan is picked and the hues are picked, the realistic must be transformed into a few hues and organizations.

Generally full shading, dark on white and white on dark will be all that anyone could need shading decisions to satisfy most advertising solicitations.

As far as organization, record types including.psd (Adobe Photoshop),.esp. (typified postscript),.ai (Adobe Illustrator), high resolution.pdf (Adobe), and.tiff or.jpg are the majority of the document types you will ever need to give to any number of print or web-based promoting accomplices.

Imagine a scenario in which you have a logo and someone approaches you for a vector record. Vector documents come in.cdr (Coral Draw),.ai (Adobe Illustrator) or.eps (Encapsulated post content). On the off chance that your logo was not made in any of these document types, don't freeze. Frequently, a great architect can reproduce your logo into one of these configurations. It might cost two or three hundred bucks to have a creator do it for you, however, once you have it in that group it will spare you time and cash over the long haul. Due to its adaptable nature, vector configuration will guarantee that the respectability of your logo is kept up whether it's on a modest stick or a vast bulletin.

Weaving organizations can be a special case. I have run over the event where a weaving organization required an alternate kind of record than any of the sorts referenced previously. There was nothing I could do to get them the record type they needed and they charged my customer a setup the expense to get the logo into their particular document position made for their machines.

Consider the possibility that you as of now have a logo that you have been utilizing for quite a long time, however, it's sort of fluffy when printed or appeared on sites. A current logo can be changed into the record designs I referenced with the goal that the nature of the logo will be impeccable in future print materials. You simply need to give an image of the logo to your picked originator.

A decent quality Logo Design can make your group, business or occasion resemble a million bucks, so don't be reluctant to put resources into one.

[sohannabarberaesque]

So Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy have joined Peter Potamus for a diving vacation at the latter's isolated Polynesian atoll ...

For such a precocious and overactive pup like Augie, as much as his equally-caring father (essentially caring for Augie all the more after his birth mother died of complications following a difficult whelping), such an experience as diving in such crystalline waters as Polynesia Uncharted has (and are known to Peter Potamus, Ambassador of Diving unto The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera) couldn't have been more interesting. Especially coming over via The Magic Balloon of Peter Potamus, also expected to serve as the guide and instructor throughout.

It was during the journey over, in fact, that the obvious was made evident: Augie, normally wearing a green T-shirt, was going to more than likely be "wearing himself," as Peter explained the folderol.

"You mean--?" asked Doggie Daddy incredulously.

"His birthday suit."

"You don't mean--?" asked a now-stunned Doggie Daddy, prompting Peter to whisper in his ear, "Naked."

"And you wonder why that is ... even if I happen to be naked myself!"

"Consider the climate," Peter Potamus explained. "The warm and rather tropical nature thereof explains why the natives of such islands across Polynesia that I happen to be acquainted with obviously go naked, otherwise wearing a loincloth and little else."

"So that explains the birthday suit diving!" exclaimed Doggie Daddy.

All in all, for such a devoted father-and-son duet being in such a fascinating milieu, living off coconut milk, coconut meat and reef fish for the most part (as if canned provisions weren't exactly worthwhile to the ever-intrepid hippo), sleeping in hammocks set in the shallows just off the beach (and letting the sound of the waves induce sleep) and having such fascinating times bound to be led as much Peter Potamus as some rather friendly dolphins inhabiting the atoll's waters couldn't have turned out all the more memorable. And I do mean memorable; Peter Potamus "himself" will tell you about his teaching Augie the proper form for riding a dolphin's dorsal fin while diving, and Augie taking quickly to the experience ... the fascination with a certain specimen of brain coral in the lagoon as was bound to send previous guests of the hippo into "those feelings" being made obvious between the legs, with nothing embarrassing to show for it in the bargain (after all, in Nature, you try not to be embarrassed by the sexual in particular) ... the sheer magic inherent in just wearing one's self underwater, as if mask, fins and snorkel wasn't essential enough to a dive experience ... and the sheer experience of Peter Potamus' Underwater Hippo Hug as the highlight of any dive, a way of expressing friendship as much as satisfaction with the diving experience.

Sheerest fascination and delight prevailed as much as the desire to reinforce the father-son bond vis-a-vis Augie and Doggie Daddy, as well as Peter Potamus relating a number of Polynesian legends from his travels to such islands uncharted acquired from his travels into such regions fascinating. But if there was to be a particular highlight of this diving excursion, it would have to be the occasion where Doggie Daddy got caught a little off his guard while swimming with a dolphin who sent him down five fathoms in the Pacific inexplicably, coming across quite the reef in the process as stunned Doggie Daddy so into having quite a show between his legs, which Peter Potamus "himself" admitted initially was unbelievably hilarious. (Besides, what would be a diver's equivalent of "ROFLMAO"?)

"Nothing like some diving," Peter Potamus is quick to explain on the journey back, "to discover how interesting family bonding can get--and you certainly demonstrated as much!"

To which Peter's simian pilot and navigator, So-So, concurred.

*************

@warnerbrosentertainment @joey-gatorman @jellystone-enjoyer @tallcharlie @archive-archives @screamingtoosoftly @thylordshipofbutts @thebigdingle @themineralyoucrave @warnerbros-blog1 @princessgalaxy505 @theweekenddigest @xdiver71 @warnerbrosent-blog

[schoje]

Foto: USP / Divulgação Na próxima segunda-feira, 26, às 19h15, o Museu de Arte de Santa Catarina (Masc) apresenta nova edição do projeto MASCquianas Musicais, desta vez com uma atração internacional: a pianista italiana Martina Drudi. O evento tem entrada gratuita e é aberto ao público. O Masc é um espaço administrado pela Fundação Catarinense de Cultura (FCC), no Centro Integrado de Cultura (CIC), em Florianópolis. A noite terá, ainda, participação do pianista André Luiz Nunes e mediação de Ana Paula Weschenfelder. No programa estão obras de Haydn (Variação em Fá menor), Beethoven (Sonata Waldstein op.53) e Mozart (Sonata em C maior K. 521 – dueto). Além do recital, o público confere, a partir das 19h, a exposição-projeção Arte Imperecível, com curadoria de Ana Paula Weschenfelder, Fabricio Tomazi Peixoto, Fernando Albalustro e Juliana Hoffmann. A representação imagética das obras selecionadas do acervo do Masc conversa com a biografia e a sonoridade dos grandes nomes da Música em seu período clássico: Haydn, Mozart e Beethoven. A série MASCquianas Musicais visa aproximar o público que aprecia Museu e Música. É uma “exposição musical guiada”, experiência em que a audiência, mesmo leiga, é convidada a entender as complexidades de alguns trechos musicais, explicados pelos artistas, além de apreciar um repertório interpretado com excelência e aprender sobre os instrumentos, compositores e suas obras de arte. Sobre Martina Drudi Martina Drudi formou-se em 2002 no Conservatório “F. Venezze” em Rovigo, sob a orientação do Maestro Fabio Ferrucci. Estudou depois com Konstantin Bogino, seguindo também cursos com Massimiliano Ferrati, Svetlana Bogino e Vladimir Ogarkov. Dedica-se ativamente ao repertório solo e de câmara, participando em importantes festivais de concertos na Itália e no exterior. Com o Trio InUno (oboé, fagote e piano) ganhou o primeiro prêmio no Concurso Europeu “Rocco Rodio” de Castellana Grotte; o Primeiro Prêmio Absoluto no Concurso “Asti per Asti”, o Primeiro Prêmio no Concurso “Giulio Rospigliosi” em Lamporecchio, o Terceiro Prêmio no “Concurs Josep Mirabent i Magrans” em Barcelona, o Terceiro Prêmio no Concurso “Luigi Nono” em Turim. Com o Trio conseguiu também, com nota máxima, o Diploma de Música de Câmara na Accademia Pianistica “Incontri col Maestro” em Imola. Desde 2011 é coordenadora do Coro Infantil da Esciola de Música Sarti, e desde abril de 2013 é diretora do Coro Jubilate (Faenza-Itália), com o qual se apresenta em importantes eventos. Desde 2016 está qualificada no método Children’s Music Laboratory, que leciona na Escola “A. Masironi” de Brisighella e “G. Sarti” de Faenza. Organiza, junto com seu colega Lorenza Garavini, o Music Bridge, workshop internacional do método CML, que ministra em Faenza centenas de famílias de toda a Itália. Desde o 2018 é organizadora didática do Festival “Fiato al Brasile”. Desde 2016 mantém fortes relacionamentos com as Universidades Brasileiras USP de Ribeirão Preto (SP) e UDESC de Florianópolis (SC), cidade aonde vai quase todos os anos para realizar conferências sobre o método CML, sobre repertório pianístico e coral, sobre ensino, atuando também como performer. Martina Drudi também é formada em Filosofia pela Universidade de Bolonha, com uma tese em Filosofia da Música intitulada “Kircher e a teoria dos afetos”. Serviço O quê: Recital com a pianista Martina Drudi (Itália) – MASCquianas Musicais Quando: 26/08/2024, às 19h15 Onde: Museu de Arte de Santa Catarina (MASC) – No Centro Integrado de Cultura (CIC) Av. Gov. Irineu Bornhausen, 5600 – Agronômica – Florianópolis (SC) Entrada gratuita Fonte: Governo SC

[1baddmouthcrown]

1942 Randolph speaks at Madison Square Gardens, Manhattan on discrimination in the military, war industries, government agencies and labor unions with a turnout of 18, 000 people and also receives the NAACP’s Springarn medal.

General China otherwise known as Waruhiu Itote enlists in the British Army serving in the Kings African Rifles in Asia, Ceylon and in the Burma campaign in which he was promoted to the rank of Corporal.

King becomes the youngest  assistant manager of a newspaper delivery station for the Atlanta Journal.

May 8 Elijah Muhammed is arrested in Washington D.C., charged with failure to register for the draft.

October Little is fired from his job for on the Yankee Clipper.

1943 Malcolm moves to Harlem, New York City and becomes involved in drug dealing, gambling, racketeering, robbery and pimping, he alsio works as a dishwasher in Jimmy’s Chicken Shack 63 St. Nicholas Ave with John Elroy Sanford from Chicago who goes on to become the comedian known as Red Fox.

March Little begins working at Small's Paradise bar and nightclub.

April Howell is released from prison and returns to Pinnacle.

June 1 Little attends his induction at Local Draft Board number 59 "I costumed up like an actor... I frizzled my hair up into a reddish bush of conk", he addresses a white soldier at the reception desk as "Crazy O" and in his interview with the military psychiatrist tells him that he wants to organise them some n soldiers, steal us some guns and kill us some crackers.

August Race Riot in Harlem, Manhattan.

September Woyane rebellion in the province of Tigray in Ethiopia.

October 25 Little receives an F-4 card in the mail informing him that he has been found mentally disqualified for military service.

December 24 Friday The Daily Gleaner.

Detained In Connection With Woman’s Death

Leonard Percival Howell, leader of the Ras Tafarian cultists of Pinnacle (off the Sligo Ville Road, St. Catherine). And members of his household, were detained for questioning by the Spanish Town Police yesterday afternoon in connection with the death, under what the Police consider suspicious circumstances, of his common-law wife (whose name was not ascertained up to the time of going to press), and whose partly decomposed and crow ravaged body, was found at the cult camp earlier in the day.

Police action followed a report from Pinnacle that the dead woman was missing from last week Friday and that the crows were seen dipping and soaring over a spot about a quarter mile from the house in which Howell and herself lived.

Du Bois is fired from his position at Atlanta University by its President Dufus Clement.

Rosa Parks, after boarding the bus at the front doors and paying her fair, straight away attempts to make her way to a seat and is instructed to reenter through the bay doors as according to custom by driver James F. Blake who drives off as she attempts to.

1944 Robinson after returning to Ethiopia in the same year is placed on house arrested for assaulting the Swedish Mercenary pilot Count Carl Gustarvon Rosen who refuses to be co piloted by him on account of the colour of his skin.

Prince Emmanuel Charles Edwards joins the community of the Ackee Walk, Back O Wall area in West Kingston, Jamaica.

1963 May 26 The Daily Gleaner Back O Wall is described as being ‘behind a wall, a high brick wall dividing the old Ebenezer Church cemetery from an area bordering the sea and adjacent Ackee Walk.’

Prince Emmanuel was previously working at Up Park Camp, the British army HQ in Kingston, and said that one day whilst he was painting a building, he fell off the ladder he was using and that he saw this as a calling, a sign from the Father for him to redeem his people.

July Little begins working for Abe Goldstein at the Lobster Pond nightclub on Fortysecond Street.

September 4 24 year old Recy Taylor walking on the way to her house from the church that she attended (the Rock Hill Holiness Church) in Abbeville, Alabama with her friend Fannie Daniel, 61 and her teenage son, 18, is approached by 7 armed men in a car, one of them later identified as US Army Private Hebert Lovett armed with a shotgun says that she is the woman that cut Tommy Clarson in Clopton that evening.

Taylor is forced into the car at gunpoint and Daniel goes to Mr. Cook to get help, Mr. Cook and Recy’s Dad go to find the sheriff and are unable to find him but find the Duty Sheriff.

Taylor is then taken 1 and a half miles out of town to a spot on the side of a road near some trees where the men force her to remove her clothes, threatening to kill her if she doesn’t, Taylor begs the men to let her go home to her family, Taylor also has a Husband and a young child, the men refuse to let Taylor go and remove their clothes, Lovett orders Taylor to lay down and for her to “act just like you do with your husband or I’ll cut your dam throat.”

Taylor is then gang raped by 6 of the men, blind folded and left on the side of the road.

Recys Dad and Mr. Cook.

Recy describes the car in which she was taken in as a green Chevrolet which Deputy Sheriff Louis Corbitt identifies as belonging to Hugo Wilson.

Taylor identifies Wilson as 1 of the 7 men in the car.

Although Wilson initially calls Taylor a liar and says that she had never seen her before he later admits that he was among those who picked up Taylor and also names the other 6 men including Lovett.

September 20 King begins his freshman year at Morehouse College in Atlanta.

October 3 Taylor’s case heard by an all white, all male grand jury in Henry Country is dismissed.

By this time none of the men had been arrested neither did Sheriff Gamble arrange an identification parade.

Gamble, when questioned later as part of a further inquiry into the investigation launched by says that he had arrested all of the men 2 days after the assault.

October 4 Wilson is issued with a fine of $250 ($3, 560 in 2018).

October The Chicago Defender publish front page article with the headline entitled "Victim of White Alabama Rapists".

Little works at Coral Gables in Lansing and as a busboy at the city's Mayfair Ballroom.

November Little is sentenced to 4 months in jail and 1 year probation for stealing a fur coat from his sister Ella's house which he had pawned for $5, the coat belonged to Ella's sister Grace.

Parks, the secretary of the NAACP’s Montgomery branch travels to Abbeville to investigate Taylor’s case.

Parks works with E. D. Nixon president of the Montgomery branch of the NAACP and leader of the Montgomery branch of Randolph’s Black Sleeping Car Porter’s, Rufas A. Lewis, funeral home director and Alabama State football coach E.G. Jackson, editor of the Alabama Tribune.

Parks founds the Committee for Equal Justice for the Rights of Mrs Recy Taylor.

Members of the Alabama divisions of Montgomery and Birmingham NAACP, editors and reporters from the Alabama Tribune and Birmingham World as well as members of the Southern Negro Youth Congress work to publicize Taylor’s case at the Negro Masonic Temple in Birmingham, Alabama.

Others who joined the committee include Du Bois; Mary Church Terrell, a suffragist and founder of the National Association of Colored Women; Charlotte Hawkins Brown, a popular clubwoman and respected educator; Ira De A. Reid, a sociologist and assistant director of the new formed Southern Regional Council; John Sengstacke, the publisher of the Chicago Defender; Countee Cullen and Langston Hughes of Harlem Renaissance fame; Lillian Smith, author of the controversial interracial love story Strange Fruit; and Broadway impresario Oscar Hammerstein II and Henrietta Buckmaster.

Sheriff Gamble when interviewed as part of the the ongoing investigation launched by claims that Taylor is nothing but a whore around Abbeville and that she had been “treated for some time by the Health Officer of Henry County for Venereal disease.”

On a later occasion some other white men testify of Taylor as being an “upstanding, respectable woman who abided by the town’s racial and sexual mores”.

4 of the 7 men "admitted to having intercourse with Taylor, but argued that she was essentially a prostitute and willing participant." whilst some of the other 3 men, including Herbert Lovett, completely deny knowing anything about the attack.

Joe Culpepper admits that he and the other men and his story of the version of events are consistent with that given by Taylor.

1945 February 13

252 MEMBERS OF ALABAMA CHAPTER SOUTHERN CONFERENCE FOR HUMAN WELFARE URGE YOU TO USE YOUR HIGH OFFICE TO INSURE A FAIR TRAIL AND INDICTMENT IN THE RECY TAYLOR CASE WHICH COMES BEFORE GRAND JURY IN IMMEDIATE FUTURE

PAULINE DOBBS SECRETARY

GOV CHAUNCEY SPARKS

STATE CAPITOL

WE APPEAL TO YOU TO USE YOUR HIGH OFFICE IN THE APPLICATION OF EQUAL JUSTICE AND A FAIR TRAIL FOR MRS RECY TAYLOR OF ABBEVILLE ALA WHO WAS ATTACKED ON SEPT 3 1944.

HOMER WILSON EXECUTIVE BOARD MEMBER INTERNATIONAL UNION BOARD MINE MILL AND SMELTER WORKERS.

February 14 The attorney general presents Taylors case but fails to convince the jury of Henry County that there is enough evidence to indict the 7 men.

February 19 received

March 17 Little is arrested for robbing Douglas Haynes at gunpoint and transferred to the Detroit Police Department.

April 25-June Du Bois along with other NAACP delegates attend San Francisco Conference where the United Nations is created, Du Bois drafts proposal.

April 28 Mussolini is hanged.

April 30 Hitler commits suicide. 

June 30

September 26

2011 The book At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape, and Resistance a New History of the Civil Rights Movement from Rosa Parks to the Rise of Black Power by Danielle L. McGuire is published.

2011 April 21 Alabama Legislature adopt a joint resolution stating: BE IT RESOLVED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA, BOTH HOUSES THEREOF CONCURRING, That we acknowledge the lack of prosecution for crimes committed against Recy Taylor by the government of the State of Alabama, that we declare such failure to act was, and is, morally abhorrent and repugnant, and that we do hereby express profound regret for the role played by the government of the State of Alabama in failing to prosecute the crimes.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, That we express our deepest sympathies and solemn regrets to Recy Taylor and her family and friends.

Taylor receives apologies on her visit Rock Hill Holiness Church.

2011 Taylor visits the White House and attends a forum on Rosa Parks at the National Press Club.

2017 The Rape of Recy Taylor documentary by Nancy Buirski premiers at the Venice Biennale and the New York Film Festival.

2017 December 28 Taylor passes away in her sleep at a nursing home in Abbeville and is buried next to her daughters grave at New Mount Zion Freewill Baptist Church.

2018 January 7 Oprah Winfrey accepts the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award and says of Taylor "They threatened to kill her if she ever told anyone... Recy Taylor died 10 days ago... for too long, women have not been heard or believed if they deared speak their truth to the power of those men... And I just hope... I just hope Recy Taylor died knowing that her truth... goes marching on.

2018 January 31 Members of the Congressional Black Caucus invite Taylors family, including her daughter, Mary Joyce Owens, to attend a speech at State of Union the Democratic Caucus wear red "Recy" pins.

October 15-21 Du Bois attends the Fifth Pan African Congress held at Chorlton Hall, Chorlton on Medrock, Canvendish Street, Manchester, England and former Treasurer and Honorable Secretary of the International African Friends of Ethiopia; Amy Jacques Garvey and Jomo Kenyatta, as well as Kwame Nkrumah are among the congress's other attendees.

Little returns to Boston.

December 14 Little, his friend Shorty Jarvis from Lansing who he had befriended in, Francis E. "Sonny" Brown, Bea, 1 of the women that Little had been seeing, her younger sister and another Armenian woman burgle a house in the Brookline, Boston of $2, 400 worth of fur coats, silverware, jewelry and other items.

December 15 Little and his gang burgle another house in Brookline sealing several rugs worth $400 as well as liquor, jewelry, lenin.

December 16 Little and the gang sell their stolen goods in New York City.

December 17 Little burgle another house this time in Newton, Massachusetts of Jewelry, a watch, a vacuum cleaner, bed Lenin, silver candle sticks, earrings, a gold pendant and chain.

Sultanin Mumusa, a Bagirwa (Priestess) of the Nyabingi cult or movement in Rwanda/Tanzania, dies in Mbarara, Uganda.

Rwanda Uganda.

1946 January Little is arrested picking up a stolen $1000 watch at the repair shop, he is also carrying a loaded 32 calibre on him.

January 15 Little is charged with illegal possession of a firearm at Roxbury Court.

January 16 Little is charged with larceny and breaking and entering.

February Little and Jarvis begin serving an 8 to 10 year sentence at Charlestown state prison in Boston Massachusett.

Itote joins the Kenya African Union and Forty Group.

1947 January Little is transferred to the Massachusetts Reformatory at Concord.

Randolph and Grant Reynolds form Committee Against Jim Crow in Military Service/League for Non Violent civil disobedience.

George Watson aka Ras Boanerges or Bongo Watto founds Youth Black Faith in his yard at 9th Street, Trench Town, Jamaica.

The name Boanerges comes from the gospel according to Mark chapter 3 verse 17 which reads And James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and he surnamed them Boanerges, which is, The sons of thunder:

1948 January 8 Howell is sentenced to 6 months in prison.

January 23-25 Friday, Saturday and Sunday Du Bois chairs the National Conference on American Policy in China and the Far East at 111 West 42nd Street, New York.

February 25 King is assistant Pastor at Ebenezer Baptist church in Atlanta.

March Little is transferred to the Norfolk Prison Colony.

The Emperor grants 500 acres (2.0 km2) of his land in Shashamane 225 km (150 miles) south of Addis Ababa to people of African descent in the West Indies and America's who would like to resettle on the continent.

July 16 President Harry S.Truman ends racial segregation in the armed forces with Executive Order 9981.

King begins his studies at Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania.

Du Bois resigns from the NAACP for the second time.

King graduates from Morehouse with B.A. in Sociology.

Little's brother Philbert writes to him in prison telling him that he and other members of the family have become members of the Nation of Islam.

Little's brother Reginald writes to him in prison telling him to give up pork and to stop smoking cigarettes, he also visits him in prison tells him about the beliefs of the Nation of Islam. Little later writes to the leader of the Nation of Islam, Elijah Muhammad.

Seay becomes the first woman British Honduras Justice of Peace.

1949 Du Bois attends the Scientific and Cultural Conference for World Peace at the Waldorf Astoria hotel in New York.

L- r: John Howard Lawson; Alexander A. Fadeev; W. E. B. Du Bois; Dmitri Shostakovich; Bishop Arthur W. Moulton; William O. Stapledon, and Kiri Hrovek.

Du Bois also speaks at the World Congress of Parisians of Peace in Paris 

Pablo Picasso, Juan Marinello, Donald Henderson, Mineola Zugeisoll, Roclervell Kud are also among other delegates that attend the Congress.

Du Bois then the All Soviet Peace Conference in Moscow, Russia as the delegate for the National Council of Arts, Sciences and Professionsm.

The FBI reopen their file on Du bois on suspicion of him being a communist.

Julian becomes a licensed arms dealer.

1950 Itote takes the Mau Mau oath.

Dedan Kimathi takes the Mau Mau oath and joins the Ol Kalou branch of the Kenya African Union and also becomes the branch's secretary.

Randolph, Roy Wilkins, Executive Secretary of the NAACP, and, Arnold Aronson, of the National Jewish Community Relations Advisory Council found the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights (LCCR).

April 21 Springfield Morning Union.

local criminals in prison claim Moslem Faith New Grow Beards won't Eat Pork Demand East Facing Cells to Facilitate 'Prayer to Allah'.

April The Peace Information Center is founded, which includes in its aims the purpose of gaining publicity for the Stockholm Peace Appeal and signatures for a petition against atomic warfare which 3, 000, 000 American people sign. Du Bois becomes chairman of the PIC and also runs for Senator New York on the American Labor Party ticket.

August 11 The Justice Department serve a notice on the PIC requiring them to register as an agent of a foreign principal under the terms of the Foreign Agents Registration Act.

The FBI open a file on Little after he writes a letter to President Truman in which he states his opposition to the Korean War and also confirms for the president himself that he is a Communist. Little also begins to replace his surname with the letter X as a member of the NOI, symbolising his African American descent.

1951 January 18 Howell sentenced to 2 year in prison for Ganja.

Ex Cult Leader Held On Ganja Charge

Leonard Howell one time Ras Tafari chief at Pinnacle St. Catherine and two other men were arrested yesterday by first class constable A. E. Tilloch of Browns Town Police Station charged jointly with having Ganja.

Howell, Levi Ward and Edgar Reed were held in a raid 8 Windward Road on premises.

Hundreds of curious persons lined a stretch of the road for hours after the police left with a large quantity of stuff said to be Ganja.

Defendants who are in Sutton Street jail will appear before the Kingston Resident Magistrate's court today.

May 6-8 King graduates from Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania with a B. IV (bachelor of divinity) degree.

August Count Ossie's camp at Salt lane in Kingston Coronation market is destroyed by hurricane Charlie.

September 13 King begins graduate studies in systematic theology at Boston University.

Kimathi joins the Forty Group of the Kikuyu Central Association and becomes the secretary of this organization's branch too.

Du Bois's attorney informs judge that Albert Einstein has agreed, if need be, to stand as a character witness for Du Bois, the judge dismisses the case but Du Bois passport is confiscated for 8 years.

Seay becomes the only woman founder of the National Party and is also appointed to the City Council.

1952 Seay co founds the British Honduras Federation of Women which begins a project to establish an affordable daycare centre to assist employed mothers with their children.

June 4 X requests parole.

August 4 Massachusetts Supervisor of parole informs the parole board that a full time job at the Cut Role department stores in Detroit has been secured for him on his behalf.

August 7 X is released.

X and his siblings secure their Mother Louise release from Kalamazoo State Hospital, X also visits Muhammad in Chicago.

1953 January X works at the new Ford assembly plant in Wayne as a final assembler on the production line and becomes a member of the United Auto Workers Local 900.

Kimathi forms the Kenya Defence Council.

June X becomes assistant minister of the Nations Temple Number 1 in Detroit amd establishes Temple number 11 in Boston later on in the year.

June 18 King marries Loretta Scott on the lawn of her parents house in Heiberger, Alabama.

November Saint Lucia born Hulan E. Jack becomes the first African American Borough President of Manhattan, Jack was also the treasurer of the Committee for Equal Justice for the Rights of Mrs Recy Taylor.

1954 January General China Waruhui Itote is captured by British troops.

March X expands Temple Number 12 in Philadelphia.

April Howell arrested for illegal practice of medicine.

May X leads and expands Temple Number 7 in Harlem.

May 17 Supreme court in Brian V Education rules segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

May 25 The Emperor arrives in New York aboard the liner United States. 

The Emperor leaves La Guardia Airport for Washington in the presidential plane the Columbine.

May 27 Thursday.

The Emperor is arrives in Washington where he is received by Vice President Nixon. Herald Tribune, page 3.

The Emperor District Columbia Building and also visits the White House.

Selassie Sees Capital Sights

WASHINGTON (UP) Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, a frail little man with an indomitable will, made a sight seeing round of the capital with the genial good wishes of President and Mrs. Eisenhower.

His imperial majesty started off on a day taking him to Mt. Vernon and the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and dinner tonight.

Shortly after breakfast, Mr. And Mrs. Eisenhower walked out on To the White House north portico, warmly shook hands with their royal visitor and saw him into his limousine. He was an overnight guest at the White House.

The President turned to the Emperor’s son and granddaughter and said, “I hope you enjoy your entire trip. It was very nice having you here.”

A servant placed in one of the cars of the emperor’s motorcade a huge box, obviously a gift to Haile Selassie from the President.

Haile Selassie is making his first visit to the United States. And yet to most Americans his erect 5-foot 3-inch frame is almost as familiar as Churchill’s cigar. THE HOLLAND, MICHIGAN, EVENING SENTINEL, page 7. RECORD-EAGLE, TRAVERSE CITY, MICHIGAN, page 5.

May 26 The Emperor visits Blair House.

1954 May 27 The biggest Ganja raid as of that time takes place at Pinnacle £3, 000 is seized. Howells son Monty in the interview on Wu World radio with Bob Marley’s granddaughter Donisha Prendergast said that a lot more than £3, 000 was taken from his Dads house and from the community thousands and thousands were taken. The police unearth the biggest store of Ganja ever to be found one place at a time. It is understood that whilst some men were digging out bags loaded with the “weed” others were pulling from the roof of a bags made out of old trousers. They were laden with 5 notes, notes, and other local currency notes and coins. With one woman the police find another had over 300 and several had other large sums, all of which the police took over. The money belongs to some of the 140 prisoners who have been charge with Ganja possession and with having fire arms illegally. It will be returned to them as soon as the cases are settled. Star newspaper. Monty and his brother Bill were also arrested in the raid and charges are brought against them for being in unlawful possession of a Bulova watch and a Rolex watch. The police send a note to Howell telling him that if he doesn't come up with x amount of money that his sons will be charged for a lb of Ganja each. Howell pays the money and is able to retain a receipt from the place he bought the watches from, the charges against his sons are withdrawn and his sons are also discharged. June 12 No case against Howell’s sons The charge was withdrawn yesterday in the case against Martinal and Silbert Howell, teenage sons of Leonard Howell, one time self styled “king of Pinnacle. They were held during the raid which the police made at Pinnacle property on the morning of May 22, and charged with unlawful possession of watches and a cloak. Mr. H. E. Rickards, solicitor of Dayes and Rickards, informed His Honour Mr H. P. Allea in the St. Catherine R. M. Court at Spanish Town that he had produced receipts to the police which showed that the two accused were in legitimate custody of the goods. They lived about a mile away from Pinnacle settlement in the house which used to be occupied by Howell. They were in no way associated with the settlement. Mr. Cliff Grant Clark of the Courts, said the case with withdrawn. The defendants were discharged.

May 28 Friday The Emperor speaks to 12, 000 at Howard University in Washington D.C. and receives the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Law. 

May 30 Sunday

Harlem Noisily Greets Selassie

NEW YORK, May 30 Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia paid his first visit to Harlem today and got a warm, noisy welcome from some 200, 000 persons.

Residents of the area, which houses much of the city’s Negro population, lined the streets by the thousands and cheered as the slight, dark-skinned monarch drove by in a closed limousine.

He was escorted to the podium of the Abyssinian Baptist Church by Hulan Jack, Negro borough president of Manhattan, and the Rev. Adam Clayton Powell, Negro pastor of the church who is also a Democratic member of the House of Representatives.

Church is filled

The church applauded loudest when Powell told the Emperor: We honor you because you are the symbol around which we place all out hopes, dreams and prayers that one day the entire continent of Africa shall be as free as the country of Ethiopia.”

Emperor Selassie told the audience its “warm welcome has overwhelmed me and I thank you from the bottom of my heart.”

The Emperor presented to the church a gold processional cross made in Ethiopia, and was given an oil portrait of himself by Ivan Tate, Negro artist.

The Emperor with Jack and Powell.

May 31 The Emperor attends the Yankee Stadium to watch New York play Washington in the first game of a doubleheader.

The Emperor is presented an autographed baseball by Casey Stengel, Manager of the New York Yankee.

June 9 The Emperor meets Mayor Joseph E. Dillon and his wife in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

June 10 The Emperor attends a ceremony, at Wold Chamberlain airport in Hennepin County, Minnesota.

June 11 The Emperor arrives at Seattle airport in Washington.

June 12 The Daily Gleaner.

11 sentenced to prison as Pinnacle trail opens

‘Extremely large’ quantity of ganja in Court

SENTENCES ranging from six months to two years imprisonment at hard labour were passed today by His Honour Mr. H. P. Allen in the Spanish Town R.M. Court as the trail of the Pinnacle case opened.

Eleven accused perswons sentenced today were convicted on charges of cultivating ganja and of having ganja in their possession.

One hundred and forty persons were arrested by the police in a raid on Pinnacle property, a few miles from Spanish Town, early Saturday morning on May 23.

The exhibits of what was certified as ganja were brought to the Court in police station wagons in all manner of containers boxes, barrels, baskets, crocus bags, grips, bales. There were also exhibits of ganja plants in court.

10 day trail

The trail which will resume on Monday at 9 a.m., is expected to last from a week to ten days.

Mr. Cliff Grant, Clerk of the courts, is prosecuting while Mr. H. E. Rickards is representing all the accused.

Acting Deputy Supt. J. N. Ricketts and Sub-Inspector George Eubanks were in attendance on the court.

Detective Sergt. Jez Marston, who was brought from Mandeville to take part in the raid, gave evidence today in all the cases heard: It was an account of his illness caused by a motor cycle accident that the trail was set back from Monday until yesterday.

There was only one incident in the smooth running of the trail. An accused who gave his name as Alfred Bennett collapsed while in the dock. He revived shortly after and was offered a chair.

He was being tried in the first case of the day along with James Bennett and Adina Manning. They were accused of cultivating ganja and having ganja.

Detective acting Corporal Gerald Nembhard told of accompanying Detective Sergeant Marston and acting Corporal Frank Harrison to Pinnacle at about 4 p.m. on the afternoon of May 23. They went to a cultivation surrounding two huts and saw the three accused weeding the field.

Warrant read

After a warrant was read, none of the accused said anything. A search was started and ganja plans numbering about 5, 000 were found in a 3 acre plot.

He arrested all three on charges of cultivating ganja and having ganja in their possession.

Cross examined by Mr. Rickards witness admitted that he did not know who was James Bennnettt or who was Alfred Bennnett.

Dectective Sergeant Marston gave evidence and under cross-examination pointed out James Bennett. Mr Rickards submitted that the accused was not James Bennett but Alfred Bennett.

Acting Corporal Frank Harrison also gave evidence. James Bennett in his defence said his name was not Alfred Bennett. He lived at Thompson Pen and had gone up to Pinnacle at around 2 p.m. on the day of the raid to visit his cousin Alfred, who was ill. He knew nothing about ganja nor had he ever planted it.

The other two accused in their defence denied that they were cultivating ganja or had ganja when they were accosted by the police.

The Magistrate found them guilty.

The police said the ganja seized on that occasion weighed 80lbs.

“It is a serious matter” said the Magistrate “and the quantity of ganja in this case is extremely large.”

James Bennett and Alfred Bennett were sentenced to twelve months on each of the two counts, sentences to run consecutively, Adina Manning was sentenced to twelve months for cultivating ganja and 6 months for having ganja in her possession, sentences to run consecutively.

Other policemen who took part in the raid and who also gave evidence were Corporal Albert Ellis, Constable Rudolph Ellis Acting Corporal Uley Delahaye, Constable Quintin Crawford and Constable Simeon Powell.

1000 lbs. Ganja

Caleb McPherson, who pleased guilty to having 100 lbs, of ganja in his possession was sentenced to 12 months imprisonment at hard labour.

He claimed that at the time of his arrest he had £18, which was taken away. Mr. Rickards promised to take up the matter.

Pircell Fairweather was acquitted on a charge of cultivating ganja. He was sentenced to 9 months imprisonment for having ganja in his possession.

Alexander Johnson found guilty of having 3 lbs. Of ganja in his possession was sentenced to 12 months hard labour.

Gustavus Robinson pleaded guilty to having 110 lbs of ganja. The weed was found in two boxes and a crocus bag in his room on the morning of the raid. He had one previous conviction for having ganja. Robinson was sentenced to two years at hard labour.

Henry Dawkins and Rebecca Murray were both convicted for having ganja. Dawkins, who pleaded guilty to being in possession of a box with 7 lbs. Of ganja, found in his room was sentenced to 12 months at hard labour.

The box

Mr. Rickards had submitted that Murray should not be presumed to have the ganja in her possession merely because she lived with Dawkins. Dawkins had admitted that the box was in his possession and had afterwards stated from the witness box that Murray knew nothing about the contents of the box. Mr. Rickards criticised the nature of the of the evidence given by police witnesses.

The Magistrate however, held that she was guilty of being in possession of ganja.

George Brown and Lillian Goode, who also said they lived together in a hut at Pinnacle, were  both sentenced to 12 months at hard labour for having over 100 lbs. Of ganja in their possession. Mr. Rickards commented on the conflicting evidence which he said was given by the police in that case.

They gave verbal notice of appeal and were offered bail in the sum of £100 each.

Furthur hearing was adjourned at this point.

No case against Howell’s sons

The charge was withdrawn yesterday in the case against Martinal and Silbert Howell, teenage sons of Leonard Howell, one time self styled “king of Pinnacle.

They were held during the raid which the police made at Pinnacle property on the morning of May 22, and charged with unlawful possession of watches and a cloak.

Mr. H. E. Rickards, solicitor of Dayes and Rickards, informed His Honour Mr H. P. Allea in the St. Catherine R. M. Court at Spanish Town that he had produced receipts to the police which showed that the two accused were in legitimate custody of the goods. They lived about a mile away from Pinnacle settlement in the house which used to be occupied by Howell. They were in no way associated with the settlement.

Mr. Cliff Grant Clark of the Courts, said the case with withdrawn. The defendants were discharged.

June 14 Bay Area Gives Haile Selassie Warm Welcome

Haile Selassie I, as indefatigable a tourist as he is the ruler of 19, 000, 000 devoted Ethiopian subjects, plunged into a backbreaking of official receptions, visits and sight seeing today.

Up at 5 a.m., as usual, for his morning devotions, the frail little man with the imposing titles of Lion of Judah and King of Kings enjoyed a typical American breakfast of grapefruit juice, bacon and eggs, toast with jam and tea in his gold plated suit at San Francisco's Mark Hopkins Hotel.

Then properly briefed by members of his entourage of 19, he began his official day with a press conference.

Immediately afterwards, he and his party drove a round about route to Fort Mikey Veterans Hospital to visit American and Ethiopian soldiers recovering from wounds suffered in the Korean war.

GREETED BY 1, 500

Another leisurely drive through Golden Gate Park was to bring the 62 year old ruler of the world's first Christian nation back to the San Francisco City Hall where he was to be received officially by Mayor Elmer E. Robinson.

From the City Hall, the Emperor was to motor down Market St. to the Palace Hotel to attend a luncheon in his honor sponsored by the Common Wealth Club, the Down Town Association and the Chamber in Commerce.

After a brief break during the mid afternoon hours, he was to attend a 5 p.m. reception at the Mark Hopkins given by the World Affairs Council of Northern California.

The last event on today's schedule was an 8 p.m. dinner at the Press and Union League Club.

OFFICIAL RECEPTION A crowd of about 1, 500 was on hand last night as the Emperor, smiling and gracious, stepped down from his Pullman at Oakland.

After a greeting by Mayor Clifford Rishell and Mrs. Rishell, he and his party of 19

(Continued Page B, Col.3)

June 18 The Emperor visits Ohlahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College of Stillwater.

June X is appointed Chief Minister at Temple number 7 in Harlem by Mohammad.

King becomes pastor at Dextor Avenue Baptist church in Montgomery, Alabama.

October 14 The Emperor and his son, the Duke of Harar arrive at Victoria station in London where they are recieved by the Queen Elizabeth, the Duke of Edinburgh, the Queen Mother, Princess Margaret, Princess Royal, and the Duchess of Gloucester.

The Emperor and his son are then driven by carriage in procession by way of White Hall and Trafalgar Square to Buckingham.

October 18 The Emperor receives the Freedom of the City of Bath from the Mayor Cllr Gallop.

November 27 The Emperor arrives on the train in Switzerland.

The Emperor is taken to the Castle of Jegenstorf by carriage.

1955 March 2 15 year old Claudette Colvin, a student of Montgomery Booker T Washington High School and a member of the NAACP Youth Council, on the way back home from school refuses to give up her bus seat to a white on a Montgomery bus.

A white woman is left standing so the bus driver tells Colvin and three other black women to move, the three others move but Colvin remains seated.

Next another black woman by the name of Ruth Hamilton who is visibly pregnant sits next to Colvin, the driver tells them to move, Hamilton says that she isn't going to move, that she has paid her fare and doesn't feel like standing, Colvin also tells the driver that she isn't going to move.

April Du Bois is denied travel for the Bandung Conference in Indonesia by the U.S. government.

May 1 X holds a NOI meeting in Lansing.

May 6 Colvins case is brought to Montgomery Circuit Court and the charges brought against her of disturbing the peace and violating segregation laws are dropped.

June 5 King graduates with Ph.D for doctoral studies in systematic Theology at Boston University.

August 28 Sunday 14 year old Emmett Till from Chicago is murdered in Mississippi.

Between the hours of 2:00 and 3:30 in the morning Roy and his half brother Milam, both armed, drive to Emmett’s grand uncles house in Money, Mississippi.

The men arrive at Till's uncles house and call at the door, Till’s Uncle Mose Wright ask's who it is, Bryan replies telling Wright that it is him and that he wants to talk with Wright and the boy.

Wright opens the door to Milam with a pistol and a flashlight in his hand asks Wright if he has 2 boys there from Chicago, Wright says that he has and say he wants the boy that done all that talk.

The men go to the 2nd room, Emmett’s cousin Wheeler’s room where Wheeler and Maurice are in bed, the men then go to the 3rd room where Emmett is in the bed with his cousin Simeon Wright, Wright hears a noise in the bedroom and see’s the men, they tell him to lay back down and go to sleep, he keeps his eye’s open and see’s that they are going to take Emmett he said that he didn’t know where they were going to take Emmett and thought that maybe they were going to take him back home.

They wake up Emmett and ask him questions unpleased with the way he is responding they hurry him out of the house.

Wright’s wife offers them money but Milam refuses and says that he is going to take Emmett up the road, give him a beating and let him go.

Wrights says when the men took Emmett to the car there was someone else present who they asked if Emmett was the boy to which they replied yes, the men then proceed to drive towards money.

The men drive Emmett to Sheridan’s plantation in Drew where they beat him in Milam's brother's barn.

Willie Reed saw the green 1955 Chevrolet and 5 people who he says he thinks to have been Levi 'Too Tight' Collins, Henry Lee Loggins, Emmett, Bryant and Milam.

Collins and Loggins were employed by Milam's brother Leslie.

Reed hears the beating and crying.

Reed tells a neighbour and walks with her to a water well near the barn and turns the water on when he see’s Milam who is wearing a green shirt and khaki trousers and has a 45 on his side.

Milam asks Reed if he’d heard anything, Reed tells him that he hadnt.

Wright knocks on Emmett’s friend, John Crawford’s door and tells him what has happened, they drive to money in Crawford's vehicle and back trying to find Emmett.

The men shoot Emmett above the right ear, wrap a 75 pound metal fan around his neck with barbed wire to weigh his body and dispose of him in the Tallahatchie River.

August 31 A boy fishing in the Tallachatchie a naked body that of a young male and informs the Tallachatchie County Sheriff Clarence Strider who along with deputies goes on the river in his sons boat and.

Sheriff goes to Wright and tells him that they have found a body at and wants him to identify it, Crawford drives Wright, Crawford said that he could smell the body from 5 or 6ft away.

According to Crawford, Wright said that his tongue had been cut and pushed back in his mouth and his private had been cut off although Emmett's mother.

Both of Till's wrists were also broken.

Jones calls the Leflore county sheriff as well as his mother in Chicago.

9:30 Jones Mother calls Emmett’s Mother Mamie Till Bradley, Bradley calls her Mother and goes over to her house.

Wright and his wife Elizabeth drive to Summer Elizabeth's brother contacts to Sheriff.

August 24 4 days earlier Emmett had gone to to buy some candy Till’s cousin Curtis Jones leaves Till in the store to join a game of checkers across the street. Emmett had allegedly touched 21 year old Carolyn Bryant's hand and grabbed her waist at the Grocery and Meat Market she and her Husband Roy ran.

Later, at the trail Bryant says that Emmett grabbed her hand whilst she was stocking candy and said, "How about a date, baby?" She said that after she freed herself from his grasp, he followed her to the cash register and grabbed her waist and said "Whats the matter baby, can't you take it?" Bryant said she freed herself and Emmett said "You needn't be afraid of me, baby" and said "I've been with white women before."

Roy was away and Bryant’s sister in law was watching children.

Simeon said that he went into the store not long after Emmett was left alone with Bryant Emmett paid for his items and they left the store together.

2006 The FBI note that a second anonymous source, confirmed to have been in the store at the same time as Till and Simeon given the same account.

Bradley later said that Emmett’ speech impediment, under stress would not have allowed him to get these things out.

Horace Bryant in an interview with Timothy Tyson in 2008 said that the allegations made were false.

Till had also whistled at Bryant although he whistled his polio which gave him a stutter and made pronunciation’s, particularly with words with letter b sounds difficult.

After Emmett leaves the store, Bryant goes to her car to fetch her pistol and Emmett whistles, the other children are surprised and scared and when Emmett sees their reaction he is also scared the children begin to panic.

They get in the car and notice a car behind them, they thought that the car was after them, they accelerate, pull up get up of the car and run through the cotton field the car drives past.

A neighbour by the name of Ruth tells them that they are going to hear more about it.

After they pick cotton, older brother takes them to Greenwood

A child goes and tells those across the playing checkers across the street what has happened in the store and an older man who is playing with them tells the children to leave quickly.

September 3 Sheriff Clarence Strider who had previously positively identified Emmett's body now changes his mind and says that the body found probably isn't that of Emmett, that Emmett is probably still alive and that the body that was found had been planted there by T. R. M. Howard, founder of the Regional Council of Negro Leadership, himself from Mississippi and that Howard had also placed the ring on the body.

Till’s body is transported to Funeral Direct A. A. Rayner’s Funeral Home in Chicago for burial.

Bradley asks Rayner to open the casket, he had been instructed not to, Bradley asks Rayner if he has a hammer, for she will open the box herself if necessary, Rayner tells Bradley to go home and he will call her when he takes the body out of the box.

Rayner calls Bradley and she goes back to the funeral home, Bradley said that as she was approaching the home, that she had picked up the strong smell of the body from 3 blocks away, Bradley also said that all but 2 of Emmett’s teeth had been knocked out.

September 6 Emmett is given a public funeral service with an open casket held at the Roberts Temple Church of God in Christ and buried in Burr Oak Cemetery in Alsip, Illinois, tens of thousands view his body.

Jars are placed in stores to collect funds for Bryan and Milam.

September 18 A man by the name of Frank Young tells Howard that he knows 2 witnesses, Collins and Loggins but Sheriff Strider arranges for them put be put in protective custody at the Charleston, Mississippi jail.

During the trail Bradley, black congressman from Michigan Charles Diggs and several black reporters stay at Howard's house in Mound Bayow which is patrolled by his armed guards.

September 19 Roy and Milan are tried at the county courthouse in the town of Sumner, the western seat of Tallahatchie Country.

The courtroom's capacity of 280 is filled and the trail lasts for 5 days.

Mose is photographed by Ernest Withers as he points out Milam who he says he recognised as being 1 of the 2 men who came to his cabin, the only light in the house at the time was Milan's flashlight.

A reporter who covered the trail for the New Orleans Times Picayune says it was the most dramatic thing he saw in his career.

Bradley testifies saying that she had warned Emmett about Mississippi and that if he ever found himself in a situation that he should get on his knees and beg for forgiveness from the white people, the defense questions her identification of her son and a $400 life insurance policy that she had taken out for him accusing her of.

2 witnesses testify to having seen Collins and Loggins on Milam's brother's property and hearing someone being beaten and cries. Leflore County Sheriff George Smith, Howard and several reporters try to locate Collins and Loggins but Sheriff Strider had put them into protective custody at the Charleston, Mississippi jail the day before the beginning of the trail when 1 of the witnesses

Judge Curtis Swango allows Carolyn to testify but not in front of the jury, objecting that her testimony is irrelevant to Emmett's kidnapping and alleged murder.

Sheriff Strider testifies for the defense that Emmett is probably still alive and that the body found was white. A doctor from Greenwood on the stand says that the body is too decomposed to identify, and had been in the water too long to be Emmett.

One persecuting attorney says that what Emmett did was wrong but warranted a spanking not murder.

Gerald Chatham denounces the statements made by Sheriff and the doctor.

The defense states that that the prosecution's theory of events are improbable and also says that the jury's "forefathers would turn over in their graves" if they convicted Bryant and Milam as they would receive a life sentence or the the death penalty.

2005 The Department of Justice exhume the body and an autopsy conducted by the Cook county coroner positively identified Till using DNA from his relatives, making dental comparisons with photographs and.

Bradley said that when the jury retired to return with the verdict and she saw the black people who lined the walls and the backs of the room beginning to leave quietly she knew that they knew they were not going to get a guilty verdict, she tells her party that its time to go, Diggs insists "and miss the verdict", Bradley says that she already knew that the verdict was not guilty, Bradley and her party then leave.

The all white all male jury acquit the 2 men.

Howard also paid for Wright, Reed and another witness to relocated to Chicago.

November 3 The Emperor 25th Jubilee attends service at church and signs a revision of the 1931 constitution and promises more political liberties in parliament while continuing to keep all powers to himself.

November 17 Kings first child, a daughter Yolanda Denise King is born.

November 27 Parks attends Dexter Avenue Baptist church where Howard speaks on Till's murder.

December 1 Thursday 18:00 Parks seated in the first row behind the white section of bus, along with four other African Americans is prompted to move further to the back of the bus but the section reserved for white fills up and 2 or 3 white passengers are left standing.

Parks refuses to give up her seat and is arrested.

Earlier on in the year Parks had completed a course in Race Relations at Highlander Folk school in Tennesse and had learn much about non violent civil disobedience tactics.

Parks said that thoughts of the treatment that her people were being subjected to understandably were going through her mind at that moment and in her 1992 interview with National Public Radio's Lynn Nearly also said that Till was also on her mind.

Parks is charged with violation of Chapter 6, section 11 of the segregation law and bailed by Edgar Nixon and her friend Clifford Durr.

Jo Anna Robinson and other members of the Women's Political Council print and begin to distribute 35, 000 leaflets informing the public of the boycott.

December 2 Friday 16-18 people meet at Mt. Zion AME Zion church including Parks, King and Abernathy.

December 5 Monday The Montgomery Advertiser publishes an article informing its readers of the boycott. African American cabs drivers charge the same fare as the bus.

Park is tried on charge of misorderly conduct and violating local ordinance fined $10 with court fee of $4.

King, at mass meeting held in Holt Street Baptist church is chosen by Ralph Abernathy and Rev. E.N. French as the President of the Montgomery Improvement Association to lead the Montgomery bus boycott decide that the boycott should continue.

December 8 Thursday Montgomery officials warn cab drives that anyone charging less than 45 cents will be fined.

The boycott lasts 385 days and ends Jim Crow on all public buses in Montgomery.

X establishes Temple Numbers 13 in Springfield, Massachusetts, 14 in Hartford, Connecticut and 15 in Atlanta, Georgia and also meets Betty Sanders after one of his lectures.

1956 January 30 Kings home is bombed.

February Fred Gray, attorney files federal court case Browder V Gayle (Aierelia V W. A. Gayle Mayor of Montgomery) is heard in the United States District Court, Colvin is 1 of 5 plaintiffs the others are Browder, Susie Mc Donald, Mary Louise Smith and Jeanetta Reese, all of who have been arrested earlier on in the year for refusing to give up their seats. Reese drops out of the case due to intimidation from.

February 21 King is indicted by the Montgomery County Grand Jury for alleged violation of a 1921 statute which outlaws boycotts against businesses.

March 19 Kings trail begins.

March 24 King is found guilty and fined $500 and $500 fees.

June 13 The district court in Browder V Gayle rules racial segregation on buses in the city of Montgomery and the state of Alabama as unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U. S. Constitution.

October 21 Kimathi is shot and captured by fellow Kikuyu termed as askari meaning traitor. 

Betty Sanders joins the Nation of Islam also replacing her surname with the letter X.

November The state of Alabama appeals against the District Court's ruling at the United States Supreme Court who uphold the ruling.

December 20 The Supreme court issues order to Montgomery and state of Alabama to end bus segregation, the city passes an ordinance authorizing black bus passengers to sit virtually anywhere they choose on buses.

Roy and Milam agree between $3, 600 and $4, 000 to be interviewed by journalist William Bradford Huie for Look magazine about Till.

In the interview which is held at the law firm of the attorney's who had defended them, their attorney's ask the questions and the 2 men willingly admit to killing the boy.

2003 The Untold Story of Emmett Louis Till documentary by Keith Beauchamp is released and PBS also air an effort installment of American Experience titled The Murder of Emmett Till.

December 23 Kings home is attacked, someone fires a shotgun through the front door.

December 24 Christmas Eve, A black teenager, after coming of a bus is attacked by a group of white men.

December 28 2 buses are fired on by snipers, a pregnant woman is shot in both legs.

1957 January 10 Abernathy, Fred Shuttlesworth, Joesph Louver form the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

5 black churches are bombed, Reverend Robert J Graetz's house is also bombed.

January 23 Willie Edwards is lynched by a group of Klansmen.

February 18th Kimathi is executed by hanging at Kamiti Maximum Security Prison and King appears on the front cover of Time magazine.

2007 February 18 On the 60th anniversary of Kimathi's execution, the official unveiling of the Kimathi bronze statue monument takes place in Nairobi with former Kenya Mau Mau freedom fighters Keiru Kioge, 84 and Thungu Githogo, 70 among those in attendance.

March 6 King attends independence celebrations in Ghana and also meet Kwame Nkrumah.

April 26 Frankee Lee Potts, Lypsie Tall and Hilton Johnson come across 2 police officers beating an African American man (Reese V. Poe) with their nightsticks and shout out This is New York not Alabama.

Johnson is beaten by 1 of the officers to the extent that he suffers brain contusions and subdural hemorrhaging.

The news reaches X who turns up at the 28th Precinct Station house with a small group of fellow Muslims asking to talk with Johnson, the police deny that Johnson is being held there but as the number of people at the station in support of Johnson grow to about 500, the police relent.

X sees that Johnson is taken to hospital in an ambulance, 100 of those at the station walk along with X up Lenox Avenue to Harlem Hospital and return to the station down West 125th Street.

The crowd outside the station grows to about 4, 000 people at the police station.

X and attorney Charles J. Beavers succeed in their trying to have bail granted for Tall and Potts but are unsuccessful in their attempt to have Hinton bailed and are told by the police that Hinton cannot go back to the hospital but must remain until the next day to appear in court.

X walks out of the station, gives a hand signal to the crowd of supporters and they begin to leave.

One police officer tells James Hicks editor of the New York Amsterdam News that "No man should have that much power."

April 27 The NOI pay $2, 500 bail for Johnson but the police decline to let him leave with X and Beavers.

Hinton is released outside the New York felony court and is taken to Harlem’s Sydenham Hospital where he is told that he has a 50/50 chance of surviving.

Hinton and the NOI file a lawsuit against the NYPD and are awarded over $70, 000 the largest sttlement of the time.

May 15 King attends Evangelist Billy Graham crusade in Madison Sqaure

May 17 Randolph collaborates with Bayard Rustin and Ella Baker to organise the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom march in Washington D.C. at which Wilkins is among the speakers, King makes his first national address and makes his "Give us the Ballot" speech.

King (at podium); first row: Wilkins, Randolph, Reverend Thomas J. Kilgore Jr., unknown, and Abernathy; Vivian Carter Mason (second row right).

June 13 King and Abernathy meet with Vice President Richard M Nixon.

King becomes President of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

October 23 Martin and have their second child, their first son Martin Luther King III.

X sends telegram to the Police commissioner.

1958 January Malcolm proposes to Betty during a conversation on the pay phone in a gas station in Detroit and marries her two days later before a Justice of Peace at his brothers house on South Butler Street in Lansing, Michigan.

Pinnacle burnt by Police members disburse.

March 1 Prince Emmanuel's 21 day convention at Back O Wall in West Kingston, Jamaica begins.

1960 August 6 The Daily Gleaner.

In March 1958, Prince Edward C Edwards held a 'Convention' of Ras Tafari brethren at Kingston Pen adjoining Back O Wall Handbills had been circulated in advance announcing this Convention Some brethren from as far afield as Montego Bay sold their belongings and giving away the proceeds came in Kingston in the firm belief that at the end of the Convention they wold embark for Africa.

The Convention was reported in the JAMAICA TIMES (March 8, 1958 ppl and 14). Eye witnesses relate that a large number of old car and traetor tyres were collected at Orince Edwards's establishment behind the Tivoli Cinema. H.E. the Governor, Sir Keneth Blackburne, visited Edwards premises before the Convention opened and that speeches made by young and old on the platform before the assembly consisted of streams of filthy language, which is perfectly in order among some brethren, who hold that no words are bad in themselves. Nightly dances to the akete drums were held around fires fueled with the collected Tyre Some witnesses indicate that there were guards. "soldiers" and the like policing the place The Niyabinghi dance and theme were publicized through these gatherings which lasted 21 days On one occasion units of the Kingston Fire Brigade were called on to put out the fires which had become threatening They did this with considerable enthusiasm, dousing the environs at the same time Thereafter there were no fires One morning at about 4 a m an assembly of Ras Tafari Brethren moved in a body to the Parade known as Victoria Park shouting their intention to capture it. On receiving news of this, the police moved to meet them and after some fighting the Park was cleared.

THE CONVENTION, which had apparently attracted three thousand people (Jamaica Times, 8th March 1958, p1) many of whom have ended without anyone embarking for African Those who had disposed of their property in this belief were ashamed to return to their communities Prince Edward's convention marks the decisive point in the deterioration of relations between the Government and the public on the one hand and the Ras Tafari movement on the other The antisocial elements so heavily emphasized during those three weeks were perhaps irrevocable. During the latter part of 1958 two cases occurred at Trench Town, Kingston in which Ras Tafari men were said to have thrown children into the fire as sacrifices.

The cult of and increased steadily within the movement. Its moderate wing lost control, and a fair number of E.W.F. Locals became dormant The news of Haile Selassie's land grant spread like a rumour, unverified, irrefutable. The executive of Local 19, who held the letter did little to publicist the facts The moderate wing were sharply divided among themselves on doctrinal and personal grounds.  The Daily Gleaner Saturday, 1960 August 6 - Page 8.

When Norman Manley visited it as premier, accompanied by my brother Hartley Neita of the Government Public Relations Office, they had a hard time just finding somewhere to walk. A published paper following the visit described how families slept on cardboard and crocus bags. "There were no roads, just beaten tracks winding around each hut...and no piped water, one man had built a latrine where he charged residents one penny to use it. The alternative was at the edge of the community where they scraped a shallow hole and squatted to drop their waste. The smell from the combination of rotting wood, sour water and faeces and scraps was a nauseous, stomach turning smell."

The other side of Tivoli article in Jamaica Observer by LANCE NEITA 2014 December 13 Saturday.

The Back O Wall area inhabited by some 3, 000 residents was bulldozed in 1963 and Dungle or Dung Hill off Foreshore Road (now Marcus Garvey Drive) in 1966 for the new Tivoli Gardens Garrison. Dr Clinton Hutton, lecturer in the Department of Government at the University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona campus Cooke Gleaner 2010 August 29.

After the bulldozing of Back O Wall, Prince Emmanuel then moves to Galilee (Harris Street), Jericho (Spanish Town), Greenwich Street, David Lane, 54b Spanish Town Road in Denham Town, Western Kingston, where he founds the ETHIOPIA AFRICA NATIONAL CONGRESS and finally to 10 Miles Bull Bay in the parish of Saint Andrew, North East of Warieka Hill, renaming the ETHIOPIA AFRICA NATIONAL CONGRESS as the ETHIOPIA AFRICA BLACK INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS and publishes his Black Supremacy in Righteousness of Salvation.

2010 May social unrest in Tivoli Gardens Jamaica government declare a month long state of emergency.

Bruce Golding prime minister of Jamaica and leader of the Jamaica Labor Party signs the warrant for the arrest and extradition of Christopher Coke Dudus son of Lester Coke aka Jim Brown founder of the Shower Posse. Golding had refused to have because evidence had been obtained illegally by wiretap.

Dudus's supporters stage protests and barricade the street.

May 21 Friday Several police stations are attacked. 2010 May 25 www.bbc.co.uk Jamaica security forces storm 'drugs lord' stronghold.

May 23 Sunday 2 police are killed.

May 24 The manhunt for Dudus begins, a combined Soldier and Police operation storm the Tivoli Gardens slum.

May 25 Article in the Guardian reports that 44 have been killed during gun battles between the security forces and gunmen, this figure was given by Bishop Hero Blair who toured the slum escorted by security forces, Public defender Earl Witter says that most of the corpses at the morgue "appeared to be those of males under 30. There were no women among the dead."

The road to Kingston's international airport is closed and flights are cancelled.

May 26 Bulldozers are brought to clear the makeshift barricades of sandbags, barbed wire and junked cars thrown up by Coke's supporters.

The article published on this day written by Ross Sheik in Kingston and Carolina Davies for The Guardian entitled Residents trapped inside of their homes also reports that 4 soldiers and police have been killed, 37 have been injured and more than 500 are held in a temporary detention centre at the National Stadium.

Witter says residents, trapped in their houses, were in desperate need of help. "They complained that they were bottled up inside the buildings that were cleared," he said. "There was no running water, bodily waste was stored in pails.

"In a section called Rasta City there were some 30 children, many of them toddlers, who needed particular care. In one case a mother was injured and taken to hospital and she left her 18-month-old son with no one in particular." 10℅ of Kingston is cordoned off

May 27 The Daily Mail reports 60 dead.

June During the week of Dudus's arrest, the Jamaica government offers $60, 000 for any information on his whereabouts.

June 22 Coke, disguised wearing a wig and women's clothes is arrested at a roadblock at Mandela Highway on the way to surrender at the US Embassy in Kingston.

2011 May Coke pleads not guilty to federal drug trafficking and weapons trafficking.

2011 August Coke pleads guilty to federal racketeering charges in connection with drug trafficking and assault/racketeering conspiracy for trafficking large quantities of marijuana and cocaine into the U.S. and conspiracy to commit assault in aid of racketeering, for his permission of stabbing of a marijuana dealer in New York City.

2012 June 8 Coke sentenced by Federal Court in New York to 23 years.

August 29 Notting Hill race riot Majbritt Morrison, a Sweedish woman, has an argument with her Husband Raymond at Latima Road underground station, a fight breaks out between Raymond's friends and some white people who attempt to intervene.

August 31 Majbritt is assaulted by a group of white youth.

A white mob begin attacking the houses of the West Indian residents on Bramley Road.

September 3 King is arrested, charged and jailed for loitering at courthouse during Abernathy case.

September 17 King’s book Stride Toward Freedom is published.

September 20 King is stabbed in the chest by mentally ill black woman with a letter open while signing copies of his book Stride Toward Freedom in Blumsteins department store in Harlem.

October Du Bois, after regaining his passport, travels to Russia where he addressees the Afro-Asian Writers Conference held at the Alisher Navoi Opera and Ballet Theatre in Tashkent.

Randolph Youth Marches for Integrated Schools in Washington, DC.

1959 February 3 King travels to India, meets Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehrie.

March 2 Reverend Cladius Henry's Seventh Emmanuel's Brethren distribute 15, 000 tickets.

April Henry is held after raid.

May 7 Mornings a dispute occurred at the Coronation Market Spanish Town Road, Kingston between a bearded Ras Tafari gate keeper and a non Ras Tafari police man both employees of the KAC. According to informants the policeman was quickly assisted by other policemen and the Ras Tafari was severely drubbed in public.

According to the brethren the market vendors, who knew and were friendly to the beaten man proceeded to stone his assailants with vegetables and anything they could lay hand on.

Lorry a fire.

A fire bridgade turned up the brethren say the Ras Tafari proceeded to batter the police and set the van on fire, more police arrive and there was a general melee at the end of which, the police were fully in control and are said to havewen to the Back O Wall area where where many Ras Tafari live and there wreaking vengeance some had their houses broken up about 57 were arrested a fair number of beating are alleged to have taken place and many Locksmen were forcibly shaved.

August 1 9:00 holders of certificate (card) requested to visit Henry's Seventh Emmanuel's Brethren HQ at Rosalie Ave. off Waltham Park Road for Emancipation Jubilee. Please preserve this Certificate for removal. No passport will be necessary for those returning to Africa. Bring this Certificate with you for "identification " We are sincerely, "The Seventh Emmanuel's Brethren" gathering Israel's Scattered Children for removal, with our Leader God's Appointed and Anointed Prophet Rev C V Henry R R

October 3 Pioneering Israel's scattered Children of African Origin back home to Africa, this year 1959, deadline this new Government is God's Righteous Kingdom of Everlasting Peace on Earth. certificate.

November Henry's son Reynold Henry and US citizen Mitchell Swaby arrive in Jamaica from the United States.

November 30 Immigration officer and sergeant of police Frank Alfred Davis with two officers is sent to Cladius Henry’s at 78 Rosalie Avenue by the acting chief immigration officer to inform Henry that he is to report to the police HQ the next day.

Henry receives letter from Fidel Castro.

December 5 Henry holds meeting at his 78 Rosalie Avenue residence with two to three hundred  present on the premises two men at the gate report in the Star newspaper on premises speaks of machine guns Manley 14, 000 and that trip to the United States thought he had gone to see his wife but he had been to Russia as well as to see the King of Kings.

Du Bois is awarded the International Lenin Peace Prize by the USSR.

X visits the United Arab Republic of Egypt/Syria, Sudan, Nigeria and Ghana.

King publishes his the meseaure of a man book including his what is man and The Dimensions of a complete life Sermons.

Count Ossie records Kumina Burru drumming for Prince Buster produced Oh Carolina by the Folkes brothers.

1960 Rupert Gabbidon orders Ras Tafarians Claude Beckford aka Thunder, R. Mac Donald and Gerald Scott to lay down on their faces then shots them.

June 22 Wednesday The Daily Gleaner.

Police and Military undercover Red Hills Rastafari arms cache DESPERADOES WITH RAPID FIRE GUNS KILL TWO ROYAL HAMPSHIRE SOLDIERS two other infantry men critically shot Gang of five, some bearded, hijack van, escape to Sligoville

PREMIER CALLS ON PUBLIC TO HELP

A COMBINED Police Military raid on Rastafarian camp in the Red Hills area, yesterday morning, was turned into a deadly ambush when five men attacked the raiding party from the rear and fled, leaving one soldier, a member of the Royal Hampshires, dead on the ground and three other members of the same unit critical wounded.

A second soldier died at Military Hospital at Up Park Camp last night and the other two wounded men were reported still on the danger list, particularly one, who was shot three times in the chest and once in the neck. Automatic weapons were used in the attack.

The surprise attack and casualties increased the tempo of the combined Police Military operations, in an area stretching all the way from Red Hills, through Ferry to the rugged hills of Sligoville, where the five desperadoes are said to be located.

They reached there after slipping through the Police and Military cordon in the Red Hills area and then headed for cover by commandeering at gun point a van owned by Wills Battery Company, and driven at the time by Mr. C. Staples, and shooting their way through a Police and Military road block along the Spanish Town Road, near Ferry.

SUBMARINE RUMOR Yesterdays development follow a weekend filled with rumors of increased subversive activity in Jamaica, including stories that a strange submarine had landed arms on the North coast and that large quantities of arms had been secretly brought into the island. There was no confirmation by the authorities of these rumors.

The operations were described by the Premier, the Hon. Norman Manley, however, as "normal", in a broadcast to the people in which he appealed for the cooperation of citizens to assist the Government in protecting the good name of the country.

Up to Press time, Police and soldiers (of both the Royal Hampshires and the West India Regiment) had a widely stretched cordon around the entire area of operations, although in concentration in the Sligoville area; a heavy armed guard has been assigned to duty at the Sligoville home of the Hon. Willis O. Isaacs, Ministry of Trade and Industry; ad armed Police protection had been alerted at the homes of the Premier and other ministers of Government.

The combined Police and Military operation moved out to cordon off the Red Hills area early yesterday morning in order to take measures which were described by the Ministry of Home Affairs yesterday in the following words:

"The Military and Police operations now taking place are a continuation of the security measures being taken by the Government in places where it is suspected ganja and/or crude weapons are stored for activities similar to those which were discovered".

This is a reference to raids made in April by the Police on the African Reform Church premises of the Rev. Claudius Henry, Repairer of the Breach, now held without bail on a Treason Felony charge, and to raids by the Military and Police on Rastafarian camps in the Wareika Hill area.

The movement, which began around three o'clock yesterday morning, was directed against a Rastafarian camp the Police knew existed in the Red Hills area. The camp is located on the slopes of the hill overlooking approaches, and connect with Washington Boulevard. High level Police and Military conferences over the week end decided to move in on the camp.

ENCIRCLEMENT The area was cordoned off during the dark, and at dawn the raiding party moved in. When they arrived there, however, it was empty. All that was found were dynamite, crude bombs and several sharp two edged cutlasses. A party of Hampshire Regiment soldiers was left at the camp while other member's of the raiding party began what was to be a day long combing of the area.

Details are not yet available, but around 11:30 a.m. yesterday the residents of the Red Hills area were startled by the sound of shooting from the bush.

According to an official release, five men, believed to have been among the occupants of the camp, made a surprise attack on the search party at the camp, shooting one fatally and wounding three others. One of them died later at Military Hospital.

The five men have been described as dressed in military style khaki clothing. Three of them were brown and two black; three were bearded fully, two appeared to be without beard, They were armed with long guns or automatic weapons, and one had a long revolver stack in the top of his trousers.

After they had escaped from the scene of the camp's disaster, they were next placed along the Spanish Town Road just below Ferry and a Police Military road block.

Here, two hundreds yards east of Ferry, they seized a Fod can belonging to Wills Battery Company at gun point, ejected the driver, crashed a Police cordon, shooting as they headed towards Spanish Town and Sligoville, A police van which was headed toward Kingston turned around to give chase and in turning went over the embankment.

On the way to Sligovile, people have told of being asked the way, by armed men in a car, and some at Cotton Piece, about five miles from Sligoville, said the men waved to them as they sped towards Sligoville. At Cedar Valley, two miles from Sligoville, the Ford van crashed into a telegraph pole as it attempted to negotiate a corner. The occupants fled the vehicle, carrying their weapons and amunition, and disappeared into the bush.

The Police and Military units are now concentrated in the area, having set up campaign headquarters at Mt. Moreland Postal Agency, about two miles from Sligoville. Two Police dogs are in the area to join the search, while a spotter plane overflew the Sligoville area  all yesterday afternoon to assist the ground search for the wanted men.

Though alowed by darkness and difficult terrain, the search for the desperadoes went on through the night.

Shooting, then Screams from the bush

REVOR Wilfris, A 16 year houseboy who works about a quarter mile from thescene of the shooting, told the Gleaner that between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. some soldiers came to the house and took him down to the now defnnet Red Hills Country Club.

At the club they asked him if he knew where any Rastas lived. He told them he did not know, he had only seen them working on a nearby quarry, They returned him to the house shortly after.

While in the house, soldiers accompanied by policemen started moving toward an in the bush near the home.

Long after he heard shooting and screams. An officer shouted for some soldiers and stretchers. Two men were carried away on stretchers. The shooting lasted about 5 minutes.

Military h/q closed to visitors

FULL SECURITY measures were taken at Up Park Camp yesterday, which became closed to all visitors.

Inquiries at the Military Headquarters for the names of the members of the Hampshire Regiment killed and injured in yesterday’s raid on the Rastafari camp at Red Hills, produced no information. The names will not be released until the next of kin have been notified.

Meantime, units of the Hampshires have joined the West India Regiment units and the Police in the Sligoville Area in continuation of the search for the armed desperadoes wanted by the authorities.

Crash kills van driver

OLD ENGLAND Mr. June 21 (From out correspondent) ONE MAN was killed and another seriously injured in an accident on the Old England Brokenhurst main road shortly after noon today.

It is reported that a van owned by Blue Ribbon Bakery of May Pen, and driven by Mr. Dalton Sutherland, 26, of Four Paths, overturned while negotiating a corner, Mr. Sutherland was pinned down under the van and died on the spot.

Mr. James Ferguson, 40, a salesman who was travelling on the van, was seriously injured and was taken to the Mandeville Hospital.

Ten in hospital after bus plunge

THIRTEEN persons were injured yesterday when an Enterprise bus plunged down a 45 foot ravine into a river at Trinityville, St. Thomas.

UNIA appeal Help root out ‘evil menace

MR. RALSTON S. POWELL, Commissioner of the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Jamaica (founded by Marcus Garvey) told the Gleaner last night he wished to send profound sympathy to the relatives and Army colleagues of the deceased and injured soldiers.

As a result of the shooting he said, well thinking citizens should aid the Police in rooting out the “evil menace in our midst”.

He wished to make clear that the UNIA did not tolerate such “un-Jamaican and un-democratic activities” and they were determined to help in whatever way they could to prevent any similar incident here.

Machine gun hold up ORDER:DRIVE US THROUGH

THE driver of the 1959 Ford pick-up belonging to Willis Battery Company, which was commandeered by five desperadoes on their way to the hills of Sligoville yesterday, described last night how the vehicle was taken from him.

The driver, Mr. Staples, said he was driving toward Spanish Town around noon.

At the bridge, just before reaching Ferry Police Station, five men, dressed in greenish uniforms resembling the uniforms of American soldiers, wearing what he believed to be false beards, and each holding what appeared to him to be a machine gun, suddenly appeared; standing in the road, causing him to stop the vehicle.

One man climbed in beside him, stuck a machine gun into his ribs and ordered him to “drive us through”. Four times he was ordered to do so, and four times he refused. He told them he must know what it was all about before he would drive them. The man refused to tell him; Meanwhile, the other four men had climbed in the pickup from the rear.

A police van approached from the opposite direction and there were exchanges of gun fire between the men and the police; one bullet struck the wind screen, breaking it. The man beside him called to one of the men behind. “You come an drive”. He then opened the van door and pushed him out on the road. Another man, he said came from the rear pushed him aside, climbed in and took the wheel. The motor had been left running and the desperadoes drove off, leaving the driver crouching on the road.

While on the ground, the driver saw the Police van trying to turn round to pursue the bandits, but in the manoeuvring, it went over into the ditch. He heard Police in the upset van, radio to all units a description of the stolen pickup.

The desperadoes threw out his “tool-pan” as they drove away.

A POLICE ROAD BLOCK on Spanish Town Road, at Duhaney Bridge, similar to that at Ferry through which the five desperadoes shot their way yesterday to escape into the rough, broken hilly terrain of Sligoville.

Troops move on Civil Servant’s home

THE HOME occupied in the Red Hills area by Mr. A, St. A. Clarke formerly Senior Statistician in the Civil Service, now attached to the Ministry of Finance, was involved yesterday morning in the security manoeuvres in that area by Military and Police units.

The security forces searching for Rastafarians, moved in on the house, situated some distance beyond the old Red Hills Country Club, about 7:00 yesterday morning and later in the morning and questioned Mr, Clarke. Soldiers were reported to have battered on the door.

At home at the time were Mr. Clarke, his wife and their seven year old son.

Mr. Clarke, who wears a beard, later lodged a complainant with the Ministry of Home Affairs.

He vacated his family from the home for the rest of the day.

Report unusual Rasta moves – Manley

THE Premier, the Hon Norman Manley, Q.C., made an appeal for the cooperation of citizens in reporting unusual movements of Rastafarians to the proper authorities, in a broadcast yesterday afternoon.

Mr. Manley was reporting to the island on yesterday’s incidents in the Red Hills and Sligoville areas:

He said:

“I want to say just a few words about the news that you have probably heard in regard to a raid made by the Police and a detachment of soldiers on a Rastafari camp in the Red Hills.

“I deeply regret that a soldier was shot and killed and three wounded.

“This was done by five of the men who had been in the camp, who managed to get hold of weapons and were shooting their way to escape. It seems that they feel upon the soldiers from the rear,

“This was just a normal raid that was being made on this camp where we discovered the sort of thing that we had found at Rosalie Avenue; we discovered dynamite and cutlasses and things like that.

Must End

“There is no need for anyone to get alarmed, but at the same time, everyone must realize that this wicked and mischievous activity must come to an end. These people and I am glad it is only a small number of them are wicked enemies of your country.

“They are doing your good name great harm, and it is tragic that this sort of thing should be happening just when we are on the verge of becoming an independent people.

“I want to ask every citizen to assist your Government in protecting the good name of your country. I want to ask you all to report any unusual movements you may see of Rastafari people whether they are going in ones or twos or in groups, wherever they suddenly appear in suspicious circumstances.

“I think you have a duty to do this. Make your report to the proper authority, if need be, to the nearest Police station. I promise you that anybody giving information along these lines will have his name kept absolutely secret and will be protected in every way, completely protected. We will do our duty, you do yours, and all will be well.”

Government sympathy to relatives of dead

Following is the text of an announcement made by the Ministry of Home Affairs yesterday afternoon on yesterday’s security measures by the police and the military and on developments:

“The Police and Military raid, mentioned in an earlier statement made by the Ministry of Home Affairs took place early this morning. A well prepared camp was discovered in the Red Hills area but when the raiding party moved in no one was there and it was evident that the camp though recently occupied had been abandoned.

“As we expected dynamite, crude home made bombs and other crude arms were discovered.

“At around 11:30 a.m. five persons, who are believed to have been amongst the occupants of the camp, made a surprise attack on members of the search party, shooting one fatally and wounding three others. These desperadoes then made their escape by commandeering a vehicle at gunpoint on the Spanish Town Road. Appropriate follow up action is proceeding.

Mischief

“Steps have already been taken to advise relatives of the soldiers who suffered casualty in the unfortunate incident, and the Government expresses its sympathy to their relatives.

“There is no doubt that a small element of the Rastafari movement is determined to make mischief and to do damage to the good name of this country. Government calls for the co operation of all law abiding citizens to help to put and end to this wicked conduct.

“Everyone is asked to bring to the attention of the Police authorities any evidence they have of the movements of these persons whether in twos or threes or in larger numbers or any suspicious activities by strangers that they may notice. Government guarantees that their reports will be kept secret and they will be fully protected.

“There is no need for alarm but we must put a stop to this business”

Two held; in ganja charge

DURING the Military operations at Sligoville, yesterday evening, the Police arrested, on a charge of having Ganja in their possession. The men are Gladstone Perkinsm 44, of 44 Seventh Street. Trench Town, and Samuel Tucker 39, of Maxfield Park settlement. They were taken in by Acting Corporal Grant of the Half Way Tree CID.

The soldiers, several hundreds of them, from both the Royal Hampshires and the West India Regiment, together with hundreds of Police armed with rifles, bren guns, sten guns, and light mortars, displaced themselves for an all nig combing of the area but up to the time of going to Press, had made no contact with the armed fugitives.

June 23 King has a private meeting with Democratic presidential candidate John F Kennedy.

July 26 Tuesday The Daily Gleaner.

Reynold Henry, Al Thomas, William Jeter and Howard Rollins found by military and police unit after 7 day manhunt whilst having fallen asleep in shop at Orange Grove in Sligoville, St. Catherine, Rollins is shot reaching for machine gun and later taken to Kingston Public Hospital by ambulance, Henry was as he tries to reach for a weapon is struck by a soldier with the butt of his rifle. taken to Central Police Station.

JAMAICA’S biggest manhunt came to an end just before dawn yesterday morning as four men Reynold Henry, Al Thomas, William Jeters and Howard Rollins, all American citizens were taken into custody by police and military units at Orange Grove, two miles out of Sligoville.

One man was shot. He is Howard Rollins, who the police say reached for a sub machine gun when the search party came upon them in a small dwelling house shop at Orange Grove. As he reached for the weapon, a soldier opened fire. Rollins is now under heavy guard in the Kingston Public Hospital.

The other three men three of the five whom military and police units have been searching for since last Tuesday are in the Kingston Police Station.

Hunger and sleep were the twin factors which led directly to the capture of the wanted men. The men woke up a lone shop keeper at Orange Grove, on Sunday night, demanded food and drinks and having had them fell asleep on the floor of his house. They were awakened just before 5 o’clock yesterday morning by police demands that they “come out with your hands up.” Rollins stirred and reached for the sub machine gun and was promptly shot by military and police guns trained in at a window and covering them as they lay sleeping on the floor.

The shooting was the signal for entry into the room. As the policemen and soldiers entered, Reynold Henry (son of the Rev. Claudius Henry, head of the African Reform Church, now held without bail on a charge of Treason Felony) reached for a gun. A soldier clubbed him to the floor with the butt end of his rifle.

Thus ended a chase and search which had occupied six days and which had begun at a Rastafarian Camp in Red Hills, where four Hampshire soldiers were shot two fatally and which had soread to the rugged hills and broken country of Sligoville. The police took into custody a sub machine gun and several small arms and a large quantity of ammunition.

IDENTIFICATION PARADE

The hunt ended just a few hours before the police had established that the three Rastafarians killed at the Red Hills camp, included among them the long wanted Claudius Beckford, otherwise called “Thunder.” They had all been shot in the head, allegedly on the orders of American nationals who had joined the camp at Red Hills. Before their deaths, Beckford and the two others Gerald Scott and R. McDonald whose bodies were discovered at Red Hills on Sunday were the leaders of the camp.

All four captured men are to be charged with murder in connection with the deaths of the two soldiers at Red Hills on Tuesday and evidence is being accumulated in connected with the death of the three men whose bodies were discovered on Sunday.

Three of them Henry, Jeters and Thomas will appear in the Half Way Tree Court tomorrow. An identification parade was held at the Central Police Station yesterday.

A police communiqué on the capture of the wanted men yesterday said:

At about 1.30 a.m. on the 27th June, a resident of Orange Grove reported to the Police that the four (4) wanted men had gone to his house and demanded food and drink, which he was forced to supply. They then went to sleep and this man contacted the police and military road block at Tredegar Park. As a result a small detachment was taken to watch the house and reinforcements were immediately called for from Sligoville. The reinforcements under Major D. F. Robinson 1 W. L. R. and Asst Supt. Of Police W. S. Howard left Sligoville and proceeded to the area.

A cordon was thrown around the house and at 5.00 a.m. a combined military and police unit moved in on the house. A window was broken by a W. I. B. Sergeant and a police man, who saw the four men lying on the floor. They were ordered out and one man subsequently identified as Howard Rollins attempted to reach the arms that were on the floor of the house. He was shot. Thereupon all the men surrendered to the police and army.

“The injured man was conveyed to the Kingston Hospital by a military doctor and ambulance unit.

“The other three men who are identified as Reynold T Henry, Al Thomas and William Jeters were send under escort to Police Headquarters, where they are detained.

“All four men are U.S. citizens. A quantity of arms and ammunition has been recovered.

“The Police are stil very anzious to interview the following persons:

Lawrence Thornwell RICHBURGH o/c Larry RECHBURGH, Mitchell Dunbar SWABY, Patrick Alnswirth GRANT, Qasim ABDULLAH, Phillip STEVENSON, David AMBRISTER, o/c David KENYATTA, Eldrid Zinton Emanuel MORGAN o/c ‘REX’, Donald Masou Harper, Titus DAMONS, George Junoir DAMONS, All WATUSIE o/c WATTUSEY, Jospeh Lee WILLIAMS o/c William JOSEPH, Sethi AMENEN HAT.”

MILITARY WITHDRAW

At a Press Conference yesterday morning, the Commissioner of Police, Mr. L. P. R. Browning, Lieut. Col. David Smith, Commanding Officer of W.I.R., Major Dunstan Robinson, of WIR, Mr. A. G. Langdon, Assistant Commissioner of Police and Captain D. Prothero, of the Royal Hampshires attended.

Mr. Browning paid tribute to the military, whose action in the operation was absolutely first class, he said.

A skeleton force of police had been left in the area but all military personnel have been withdrawn.

Mr. Browning stressed the fact that public support is still required even though the fugitives have been arrested,

Asked about the arrival of the fugitive s into the island Mr. Browning said that the time of arrival was doubtful.

Lt. Col. Smith said in reply to a question that the ammunition found on the men was not from the local military.

Taking part in the seven day man hunt were 400 military personnel and 100 police.

United States Consul Mr. Robert McGregor was kept informed of the situation up the the arrest yesterday morning, Mr. Browning told the Press Conference.

A reward of £1,200 will be paid today to the shopkeeper at Bamboo whose information to the police led to the arrest of the four fugitives.

Premier commends Police, Military

THE police and the military have been commended by the Premier, the HON. Norman Manley, Q.C., for their work in the manhunt which ended yesterday.

In letters sent to Brigadier Derek Lister, Commander Caribbean Area, and Mr. L. P. R. Browning, Commissioner of PolIce, yesterday, Mr. Manley said:

“Brigadier Lister, Please accept and convey to the commanding officers and all other ranks of the Hampshire Regiment and the West India Regiment the thanks of the Government of Jamaica for their devoted services in the recent troubles which have been brought to a successful conclusion today.

The Government of Jamaica repeats its sincere regrets and (Continued On PAGE 14)

‘Thunder’ one of the dead Rastafarians

CALVERT Claude Beckford, otherwise called “ Thunder” and wanted by the police on a Treason Felony charge since April, when the Rev. Claudius Henry was taken into custody on a similar charge, was one of the three men whose bodies were recovered from a grave at Red Hills on Sunday.

The two other dead men found in the grave were Gerald Scott and R. McDonald, also members of the Rastafarian Cult and members of the Ethiopian Coptic or Reform Church, headed by the Rev. Claudius Henry.

Postmortem examination yesterday morning settled the cause of their deaths. They were all shot in the head.

The police believe that the manner of their deaths was in the nature of execution and on the instructions of American nationals who had taken over command of the camp at Red Hills, where Beckford had been in hiding and where all three were up to recently the leaders of the cultists who occupied the camp.

Soldiers of the Royal Hampshire Regiment digging for weapons at the abandoned Rastafarian Camp at Red Hills on Saturday discovered a recent grave. Expecting to unearth one body a police and military search party visited the on Saturday morning and dug up not one body but three.

First indications were that the man had been strangled or hanged. Marks conforming with such a theory were found around their necks. A postmortem examination yesterday revealed the true cause. They had been shot at close quarters through the head.

Rastas identified

All Jamaicans, the dead Rastafarians were identified yesterday by other Rastafarians who were rounded up by the police yesterday and Sunday.

A police release on this matter said yesterday:

“It is now believed that the three men buried near the abandoned Rastafarian Camp in Red Hills woods are (1) Gerald Scott, (2) C. C. Beckford, and (3) R. McDonald. All these men were members of the Ethiopian Coptic Church and followers of the Rev. C. V. Henry. It is understood that these men were murdered on instructions from foreign members of the camp.” (Continued On PAGE 14)

HE CALLED FORCES WHILE MEN SLEPT

MR. SEPTIMUS HIGGINS, 46, the shopkeeper in whose house the four wanted men were held, yesterday told how he was forced to give them food and drink from his shop and was finally able to summon the security forces when the men went to sleep on the floor of his house.

The wanted men were held at Orange Grove yesterday morning between Tredegar Park and Sligoville by a detachment of policemen and members of “B” company of the West India Regiment.

Mr. Higgins said that at about 7.30 Sunday night four men came in his yard and called to him.

Reynold Henry said to him: “We are in trouble, we are out from Tuesday gone and we got nothing to eat. What do you have in the shop?”

Pot on fire

He said he told them that he had nothing save for “little flour, fish and oil” The four men went in the one room building used as a kitchen and sleeping quarters, made a fire and put a pot of the fire.

They went in the shop, took four bottles of aerated water from a shelf and drank one each.

Mr. Higgins said he gave them flour, codfish and oil, and the men helped prepare it.

The men made dumplings from the flour, cooked and ate them. Then they took off their clothing which were wet wrung them and placed them over cross sticks by the fire to dry.

Mr Higgins said they showed him their guns, saying, “These are for all those who set hands against us.” They put them on the floor.

They next asked for a cro (Continued On PAGE 14)

June 30 Thursday The Daily Gleaner.

ARRESTED AMERICANS EXCEPT ONE IN HOSPITAL TAKEN BEFORE HALFWAY TREE COURT FOUR CHARGED WITH MURDER OF SOLDIERS three also accused of slaying of Rastafarians.

As the round the clock search continues for five men wanted for questioning by the police two Jamaicans and three Americans three of the four men held in the Orange Grove section of the Sligoville area on Monday morning were taken before the Half Way Tree Court yesterday and charged with murder of two soldiers at the Red Hills Rastafarian camp and also with the murder of three Rastafarian members of the camp on June 15.

The men Reynold Henry, son of the Rev. Claidius Henry, head of the African Reform Church who has been held without bail since April, with 15 of his followers, on a charge of Treason Felony Al Thomas and William Jeters were taken to the Court under heavy military and police guards.

They were taken to the Court in a truck in which sat members of the West India Regiment with fixed bayonets and armed members of the police force. Leroy Malachai, an American, held earlier was also taken before the Court.

They were formally charged before His Honour Mr. Donald Eccleston, with the murder of 5 persons, two soldiers Brian Mettherell and David Philpott, privates of the Royal Hampshite Regiment, and three Rastafarians Calvert Beckford, otherwise called "Thunder," R. McDonald and Geral Scott.

Mettherell and Philpott were killed following a combined military-police operation on the Rastafarian camp at Red Hills on Tuesday last week, a development which led to the island's largest manhunt and the bodies of Beckford, McDonald and Scott were discovered by the police in a single grave at the Red Hills camp on Sunday. They had been shot in the head, eight to twelve days previously according to medical evidence. Other charges against the wanted men, as also against Leroy Malachai, who was held last week in premises at Duff Street (and who was charged last week with the murder of the two soldiers) and against Howard Rollins, otherwise called Quasim Abdullah (now recovering in the Kingston Public Hospital from a bullet wound on Monday morning) are being prepared by Mr. Huntley Monroe, Crown Counsel, who was been assigned to the police in connection with the preparation of the cases.

SOLDIERS ON EITHER SIDE The five men wanted by the police Gabidon, Eldrid Morgan, Jamaicans, Larry Heckburg or Lawrence Richburg, David Ambrister or David Kenyatta and Titus Damon, Americans, were apprehended up to late last night. Rewards of 300 each have been offered for information leading to their detention.

The four men (including Leroy Malachai) were brought to the Half Way Tree police station yesterday in a truck which was escorted by a police car. The accused sat in the middle of seat boards placed in the truck with soldiers on, either side of them. An English officer attached to the West India Regiment faced Henry and held a revolver trained on him. All the soldiers and policemen in the vehicle carried rifles.

The procedure was repeated on the return trip to the Central Polce Station. Handcuffed and barefooted and wearing dirty shirts and pants two with shirts unbuttoned and one wearing his shirt capelike across his shoulders, the three men taken to court were marched into court by soldiers of the West India Regiment carrying rifles with fixed bayonets. Members of the police force with batons also guarded the men.

Before the Court were Reynold Henry, 26-year old mechanic, a United States citizen of Jamaican birth; Al Thomas, 26 year old American labourer and William Jeters, 23-year old American electronics engineer. They are charged with being concerned together with Howard Rollins, otherwise called Quasim Abdullah, captured on Monday and now in the hospital suffering from a gunshot wound, Gabidon and Eldrid Morgan, still at large, that on June 15, in the Red Hills woods of St. Andrew they murdered Gerald Scott, Calvert Beckford and R. McDonald.

The second count against Henry, Jeters and Thomas charged them with being concerned with Abdullah on June 21 at the Red Hills woods with the murder of Brain Mettherell and David Philpott two privates of the Royal Hampshire Regiment.

The men were remanded in custody until July 6, Leroy Malachai, 26-year-old carpenter of Brooklyn, New York, who is also charged in connected with the murder of the two soldiers and with unlawful possession of unlicensed firearms and several rounds of ammunition was also brought into Court and remanded in custody until July 6.

Rollins charged, convicted and sentenced to death for robbery and murder of Champion House club and bar Lyndhurst Road and Maxfield Avenue, St. Andrew.

Charged with seven counts of murder, tried, convicted and sentenced to death hanged on the gallows at St. Catherine District Prison.

September X attends the United Nations General Assembly where he meets Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Ahmed Sekou Toure of Guinea, Kenneth Kaunda of Zambian African National Congress and Fidel Castro of Cuba all of who invite him to their nations. as travels to Egypt, Sudan, Nigeria and Ghana.

October 1 The Daily Gleaner.

JURY TAKES FOUR HOURS RETIRES THREE TIME BEFORE RETURNING VERDICT

REYNOLD HENRY, GABBIDON, MORGAN, JETER TO HANG

Damons, Rollins, Thomas acquitted

COURTROOM CROWDED, THOUSANDS OUTSIDE

THE death sentence was passed last night on four of the seven persons charged with the murder of Gerald Scott after a jury sitting until 7.45 o’clock and retiring three time had found them guilty of murder.

Sentenced by the Chief Justice to be hanged were Reynold Henry, 26, Eldred Morgan, 22, William Jeter 23, and Albert Gabbidon, 23, at the conclusion of a ten day trail.

George Domons, Howard Rollins and Al Thomas were acquitted of the charge.

When sentence of death was passed by Sir Colin MacGregor Henry, who during the trail was referred to as the “Commander” at the Camp in Red Hills woods where Scott was shot shrugged his shoulders, struck an unlighted cigarette in his mouth and leaning over to his Counsel, Mr. W. B. Frankson said “you tried your best. You did a dam dine job”.

William Jeter turned to his Counsel, Miss Gladys Morrison and smiled broadly from the oversized prisoners dick which had been built specially to accommodate the accused.

Morgan and Gabbidon stared straight at the Chief Justice.

A packed No.1 Home Circuit Courtroom, many of the occupants having arrived at the Court from 8 o’clock that morning, and eat lunch in the building listened in dead stillness to the verdict.

Outside, thousands of people waited in the dark to hear the outcome and to see the accused when they were being taken from the Courtroom.

The charge against the men followed the discovery in the Red Hills woods if three men buried in a single grave. The three men were identified as Gerald Scott, Calvert Beckford, otherwise called “Thunder”, and R. McDonald, all Rastafarian cultists.

Jury retires first time

Evidence led by the Crown during the trail was that the three men were among five found guilty of “treason” by the accused, ordered to lie down on their faces and shot by the accused Albert Gabbidon. Two of the men were granted a last minute reprieve by the accused and one of these, Alvin Irving, was the chief witness for the Crown.

Ten witnesses gave evidence for the Crown during the hearing and all of the accused with the exception of Henry and Rollins entered the witness box and gave evidence on theor own behalf.

Yesterday the Chief Justice finished his address to the jury which he began on Thursday afternoon and at 2.50 p.m. the jury returned for the first time.

While they were out Henry sat reading a STAR, and Gabbidon sat wiping his face with a handkerchief. At the time Mr, United States Vice Consul who has been watching the trail on behalf of the United States Government, chatted with Henry.

AT 6.40 p.m. two hours after they had been out, the jury returned and asked further directions from the Chief Justice on the question of common design. After retiring once more the twelve men returned to the Courtroom and the foreman, Mr. Stanley Prendergast, informed the Court that they were unable to agree on a decision with respect to all the prisoners.

They were offered ten minutes more time by the Chief Justice, left and returned to the Courtroom at 7.35 four hours after they had first retired: In a packed courtroom that was momentarily stilled the foreman delivered the verdict making recommendation of mercy in respect of the condemned Morgan and Jeter.

Three removed from dock

The Chief Justice ordered the accused who had been acquitted to be taken from the dock and after the black cap was placed on his head, addressing the remaining four said: “After two weeks of very patient and careful hearing and after hours of consideration the jury have come to a verdict guilty of murder against all four of you.

“In regard to Morgan and Jeter, I have noted the recommendations for mercy, the recommendations I will forward to His Excellency the Governor with such recommendations as I see fir to add.

The sentence of the Court on each one of you is that you suffer death in the manner authorised by Law.

When the prisoners were taken from the dock the Judge told the jury of Stanley Prendergast, Eleuterious Kirkland, Peter Nelson, Charles Phillips, Eric Smith, Audley Renwick, Walter Tomlinson, Vincent Rose, Lorenzo Parkes, John Archer, George Roman and Winston Parris, that he was discharging them from jury service for the next five years.

Outside when they were being transported from the Court, Henry and Gabbidon waved to the crowd of thousands that gathered in the precincts of the Court to see them.

In the trail Mr W B Frankson appeared for Henry, Miss Gladys Morrison for Rollin and Jeter, Mr Dennis McFarlane for Albert Gabbidon Mr W B Wilkie for Al Thomas and Mr Basil Rowe for Eldred Morgan and Titus Damons.

Mr Huntley Monroe Crown Councel and Mr L L Robotham Crown Councel, led the evidence for the Crown.

Mr V O Malcome. Deputy Registar of the Supreme Court, was Registar to the Court.

Yesterday during part of the proceedings Mr Robert Mac Gregor United States Consul General was oresent in Court

(Continued on PAGE 13)

Trail of Claudius Henry begins on Monday

THE Rev. Claudius Henry, founder of the African Reform Church and 15 of his followers, charged jointly with reason felony, go on trail Monday in the No. 1 Home Circuit Court.

Mr. Justice Duffus will preside.

Mr. Huntley Monroe, Crown Councel and Mr L. L. Robotham, Crown Councel, will lead the evidence for the prosecution.

Mr. Peter Evens, who appeared for the accused at the preliminary inquiry, will represent them at the trail.

October King is arrested at sit in at Rich's department store in Atlanta and is sentenced to 4 months hard labor for violating a suspended sentence he received for a 1956 traffic violation.

October 27 King is released on a $2, 000 bond.

Howell is arrested for Ganja at Tredegar Park, Spanish Town and sent to Bellevue.

November Du Bois attends the inauguration of Nnamdi Azikiwe as the first African Governor of Nigeria.

King publishes his autobiography.

1961 January 17 Patrice Lumumba is murdered.

February 6 The edifice of Africa Hall is named by the Emperor who dedicates it to the service of the African people.

March 29 Wednesday The Daily Gleaner.

CONDEMNED MEN ACCEPT CHRISTIAN MINISTRATION IN DEATH CELL

HENRY, GABBIDON HANGED

Pastor says Reynold finally accepted ‘God was love, not hate’

GARVEY HIS LAST WORD

‘THE LORD IS MY LIGHT’ GABBIDON

AFTER SEVERAL penitent session with Christian Ministers, Reynold Henry and Albert Gabbidon walked to the gallows at 8.30 o’clock yesterday morning, paying the price for the murder of one of three Rastafarians 10 months ago near Red Hills.

“I die for Marcus Garvey,” were the last words of Henry, a naturalized American, aged 27, and son of the Rev. Claudius Henry, now serving a ten year term for treason felony.

“The Lord is my light,” said Gabbidon as he stood on the platform waiting for hangman Alan Whonder to pull the lever at St. Catherine Prison, Spanish Town.

Taking his forty second walk to the gallows beside condemned men, Rev. J. J. Carter Henry, Baptist Pastor, administered the last sacrament to the two.

Two Sister sof Mercy visited Henry last Monday afternoon and, as a result, Fr. T Curran, S.J. OF Spanish Town went to Death Row later in the day and gave Henry final Roman Catholic rites. The Sisters said they consoled and tried to strengthen Henry who was very penitent.

The sisters remembered Henry who attended a Roman Catholic school during his youth in Jamaica.

Henry also saw an Anglican Minister Rev. J. D. Gentle of Spanish Town.

Shorty before they started the seven yard trek to the gallows, Henry shouted; “Morgan, Jeter I will meet you at 8:30 in the morning.” (today).

Gabbidon said; “Morgan, Quasim (meaning Howard Rollins who is also in Death Row) remember tomorrow before you die to say Lord have mercy on my soul.”

Henry’s parting words to his comrades were: “Today I shall be in Paradise.”

A few minutes before he had sighed: “I feel like committing suicide.”

NEAR FINAL DAY

Policemen patrolled the area around the prison as a crowd of about 500 grew restless on the main road nearby. A stirring hush indicated the 8:30 date with death, and several women cried openly as a prison warden pinned the death notice on the public side of the concrete wall signifying that Mr. George E. Morris, Superintendent of Prison, witnessed the hanging and Dr. G. A. McKenzie certified the end.

Rev. Carter Henry held a Press conference at his home 10 minutes after the execution. He said Henry was an atheist at first. He believed that the white men went to stole the lands of his forefathers and gave the Bible in exchange.Rev. Carter Henry added that Henry maintained his chief aim in returning to Jamaica was to gather an army to liberate Africa. He meant no harm to any one in the island.The middle aged pastor said Henry accepted God as the final day approached, after he had been told that God was love, not hate.He said Henry recited John 3:16 , inserting his name: “For God so loved this world that He gave His only begotten Son that I Reynold Henry shall not perish but shall have everlasting life.”“He was loyal to himself.” Rev Carter Henry said, solemnly.The pastor produced a sheet of paper on which he said Henry wrote; “Through Him I shall not die, I am fortunate; I can be no more resolute. No more! Thank God for His love and thank you too Rev. Carter. I am sorry I never met you before.”Henry then recited the passage from John and everyone sang the Hymn: “ There is no dark valley where Jesus comes to gather His loved ones.Jeter, Morgan follow todayEldred Morgan, a Jamaican and William Jeter, an American will be hanged today at 8:30 a.m. at the St. Catherine District Prison also for the murder of Gerald Scott.They were found guilty at the same trail as Reynold Henry and Albert Gabbidon of taking part in a common design to kill Scott.Yesterday morning the two men each had one scalded egg, one poached egg, two slices of toast and a cup of tea. They then smoked mentholated cigarettes, maintaining calm composure as eight strong wardens ried their hands. Then, blindfold, they were led to the gallows.Henry weighed 188 lbs, Gabbidon 162. On a signal from Mr. G .A. McKenzie, the Director of Prisons, the hangman pulled the lever. The platform collapsed.(Continued on PAGE 20)   

April 4 The Mission to Africa sent by the government of Jamaica leave. The Mission compromised of 9 men Mortimer Planno, representing the Ras Tafari movement, Bro Douglas Mac and Bro Filmore Alavarana, Rases from Eastern and Central Kingston, Mr. Westmore Blackwood of the UNIA, Dr. M. B. Douglas of the Afro Carribean League, Mr. Cecil George Gordon of the Ethiopian World Federation Inc. advisers Dr. L. C. Leslie, former Mayor of Spanish Town, medical practitioner and leader of the Mission and Mr. Victor Reid, journalist and author.

The Mission was sent to Africa to investigate the potential intake of emigrant's the Mission and include in its report the economy of each of the countries visited.

April 4 The Mission leaves Kingston for New York. The Mission spend 2 day at Hotel Theresa on 5th Avenue and are met at the Idlewilde Airport by members of the Ethiopian World Federation, UNIA and other Back to Africa Movements in New York. 

They visit the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in New York, the HQ of the Ethiopian World Federation, New York and also visit the U.N.O. Buildings but are unsuccessful in obtaining sears in the balcony of its general assembly.

April 6 Thursday 21.30 The Mission leaves New York for London.

April 7 Friday 8.30 The Mission arrives in London. They stay at  Hotel Londoner and visit the Ethiopian Embassy, the French Embassy  and the Ghanaian Embassy to get visas for entry. They visit the Houses of Parliament and Westminster Abbey. 

April 14 15.40 The Mission leave London for Khartoum via Rome

April 15 04.10 The Mission arrive in Khartoum and at 4.30 leave for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

The Mission arrive at Haile Selassie I airport via Asmara, Mack and Alvarange met 4 Ethiopian Orthodox Priests who fly with them to Addis Ababa.

April 16 Sunday 9.35 The Mission arrives at Addis Ababa on Ethiopian Airlines where they  are met by Ato Getanen Haile Mariam, Chief of English and Commonwealth Department in the Ministry of Foereign Affairs, Waizaro Maize of the Ministry of Education.

The Mission visit His Holiness Abuna Basilios of the Ethiopia Orthodox Church.

April 17 visit Her Imperial Majesty Empress Menen handicraft and technical school for girls and boys where they see hand weaving of wool, cotton, working in gold and silver, carpentry, joinery, cabinet making and wood carving.

April 18 Tuesday The Missions meet with the Emperor is postponed until they meet more Government Ministers. They visit the Lions Den next to the Imperial Palace  which contained 21 Lions.

April 19 The mission visit the Co operative Farm at Awasa and on the way stop at Shesshaminane, the land granted to the people of the, about 200 km from Addis.

April 20 The mission fly's by Ethiopia Airlines Special Charter Flight to Jimma in the province of Kaffa.

April 21 Planno, Doulas Mac and Alavarana meet the Emperor at the Imperial palace, Alvarana presents a carved wooden sculpture of a map of Africa and a painting of the Emperor, Brother Mac presents photographs taken of Ras Tafari brethren, and a painting of Navy island (Errol Flynn Island), Planno presents a ites gold and green scarf woven by he himself, a painting of the Emperor in his military uniform painting by Sporty Green.

April 22 The mission visits the Ministry of the Interior the Minister welcomes the delegation and says that.

In the afternoon to his residence where they have tea and honey.

April 23 Sunday 10.30 The Mission leaves Haile Selassie I Airport on Ethiopian Airlines for Lagos, Nigeria via Khartoum. The Mission stay at Ikeja Airport Hotel and go to the Federal Palace Hotel in Lagos. 

22.30 The Mission arrives at Ikeja Airport by Ethiopia Airlines where they are met by Mr. Babatunde Harper of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other officials and stay 2 days at Ikeja Airport Hotel.

April 24 Monday The Mission visit the Oba Adele, King of Lagos and in the afternoon visit the Yaba industrial estate.

April 26 Wednesday The Mission meet Nnamdi Azikiwe at State House in Lagos and also attend as ice show in Lagos as Azikiwe’s guests.

April 27 Thursday Sierra Leone gains its independence and the mission visits the furniture factory at Village also the Defacto Bread Factory Surelereat Yabba and drive around Ikoyi Village.

April 29 Saturday The Mission drives by car to Ibadan from Lagos and are accommodated at Green Sorings Hotel.

10.00 The Mission call on the Head of Service and Chief Secretary, and then the meet Acting Premier of Ibaddan Oba C. D. Akran in the Premier;s office.

13.00 A luncheon is held by the Government in honor of the Mission and in the afternoon they tour the University of Ibadan.

18:30 whilst in the city of Ibadan in Western Nigeria the Mission attend a cocktail party held in their honor by the West Indian residents at the home of Secretary General D. A. R. Alexander a Saint Lucian and Mrs. Alexander a Jamaican.

April 30 The mission drive to Illora farm settlement, 50 miles from Ibadan.

May 1 Monday 9:00 The Mission leave Ibadan by Nigerian Airlines for Kaduna in the north.

11:55 The mission arrive at Kaduna Airport and stay at Catering Rest House.

May 2 The Mission meets the deputy secretary to the Premier S.A.S. (S.D.S.) Premier office in the afternoon legislative and the Kaduna Textile Plant which employs 1, 600 workers.

May 3 The mission drives by car to the city of Zaria about 69 miles from Kaduna. Zaria is an ancient city with a wall of stone and mud all around it, the mission also visits.

May 4 Thursday 1.50 The Mission arrive in Enugu in the east by Nigerian Airlines, they stay at Catering Rest House and in the evening are invited to dinner by Dr Michael Okapard, Premier of Eastern Nigeria at the Premiers Lodge.

May 8 Monday 16.20 The Mission arrives in Accra, Ghana by Nigeria Airlines and stay at the Ambassador Hotel.

May 9 19.00 The Mission attend a reception held in their honor at the Ambassador Hotel where they meet the chiefs from various states in Ghana including 92 year old Nii Amoo Nakwa II Obtobolum Mensta the oldest chief in Ghana and also meet 2 Rastafarians brethren from Jamaica, Jackie Payne a compositor working at the Guenis press in Accra and another brother a machinist working at the Osageyfo Builders Brigade.

May 10 The Mission meets Nkrumah at Flagstaff House.

Nkrumah appoints a special committee to talk with the mission.

May 11 The Mission visits Tena Harbour, the home of the Black Star Line, 20 miles from Accra.

May 12 The mission visit a botanical garden and rest house and are given some seeds to suck which makes everything they eat taste sweet.

May 13 The mission visits the museum at Accra.

May 15 11:59 p.m. The mission leaves Ghana for Liberia.

May 16 1.00 am The Mission arrive in at Robertsfield airport in Liberia by PAA and drive through miles Firestone rubber plantations on the way to Ducor Palace Hotel in Monrovia where they stay.

May 18 The Mission meets President Tubman at his office, the majority report mentions the 1955 law which was enacted to "authorise the President to make arrangements for the care of immigrants to Liberia" enriched by a provision granting the issuing of free lands to immigrants, plus 3 months free housing to encourage immigration and for a bias to farmers, unmarried settlers recieve 10 acres of farm land and 1 town lot, married settlers receive 25 acres of farm land and 1 town lot.

Tubman speaks of Garvey and recalls his own state visit to Jamaica, says that Jamaica is overpopulated and needs easement, speaks of the founding of the republic and the immigration laws which have existed since then which permit people of African descent from the West Indies.

The foreign secretary, Mr. Grimes, who is of West Indian decent is also present at the meeting. The President also mentions Jamaicans Barnes, Corniffe, building contractor Clifford Brown and Miss Ethelda James, the country's first female Diamond miner as some of the West Indians who have contributed to Liberia.

1921 March 7 President C. D. B. King of Liberia arrives in New York as head of the United States Liberian Plenary Commissione to negotiate loan; 5 man UNIA welcoming delegation pays greeting call at Waldorf Astoria Hotel.

March 18 UNIA mission arrives in Monrovia.

March 22 UNIA delegates to Liberia hold official interview with Liberia’s acting president.

April UNIA delegates in Liberia stop "construction work" temporarily because of lack of funds.

Rev. F. Wilcom Ellegor, UNIA high commissioner meets with President C.D.B. King in Washington D.C., regarding UNIA Liberia construction loan.

1924 January

The delegation was led by Henrietta Vinton Davis and also included Princeton education Robert Piston and UNIA new attorney Milton Van Lowe.

1815 Cuffe arrives at Sherbrooke Island in present day Sierra Leone with 88 African Americans, the first.

1816 December The American Colonization Society is established.

1820 The ship Elizabeth sails from New York to Sierra Leone and Liberia with 88 emigrants.

and 22 emigrants die within 3 weeks from yellow fever and of the 4, 571 emigrants brought to Liberia between this year and 1843 only 1, 819 survive.

1821 Lt. Robert Stockton points a pistol to King Peter's head and King Peter sells Cape Mersurado.

1822 January 7 The emigrants brought to Sherbrooke Island by Cuffe are taken to Cape Mersurado by another ship and there they establish the city of Christopolis.

1824 The city of Christopolis is renamed Monrovia after President James Monroe.

1825 King Peter and other Kings sign a treaty with Ashmun granting land and are given 3 barrels of rum, 5 caskets

1829 March Jamaican John Brown Russworm co founder of the first African American owned newspaper, "Freedoms Journal" emigrates from the U. S. to Liberia.

1830 Russwurm found employment as the colonial secretary for the American Colonization Society serving from until 1834 and also worked as the editor of the Liberia Herald and served as the superintendent of education in Liberia's capital, Monrovia.

1836 Russwurm becomes the first black governor of the Maryland in Africa colony which was annexed Liberia in 1857.

1845 The ACS draft a constitution at a convention held in Monrovia.

1847 Liberia delcares its independence becoming an independent and sovereign Republic using the constitution.

1848 January 3 Joseph Jenkins Roberts is elected Liberia's first president.

1850 Edward Wilmot Blyden at age 18 emigrates to Liberia after unsuccessfully enrolling in Rutgers Theological College as well as 2 other theological colleges in the U.S.

Blyden had made the trip to the U.S. with the wife of John P. Knox, pastor of St. Thomas Protestant Dutch Reformed Church.

The state of Virginia begin to put aside $30, 000 every year until 1855 to support emigration.

Blyden edits the Liberia Herald and writes the column "A Voice From Bleeding Africa".

1859 May Martin Delany, whos own paternal descent was that of Goan sails from New York to Liberia where he and chiefs in the Abeokuta region make an agreement similarly to for to unused land.

Earlier that same year Delany had published parts of Blake: Or The Huts of America in response to Harriet Beecher Stowe’s "Uncle Tom’s Cabin", in which he criticized for inaccurately portraying the slaves as too passive although for cruelty of Southern slave owners, the first half of part one is serialised in The Anglo-African Magazine between January to July.

1860 Delany leaves Liberia for England and there he is honoured by the International Statistical Congress, and returns to America shortly.

1835 Delany attends the National Negro Convention in Philadelphia.

1843 Delany begins publishing The Mystery black newspaper, his articles and writings are reprinted in William Lloyd Garrisons "The Liberator" and also meets and marries Catherine A. Richards Pittsburgh.

1846 Delany is sued $650 for libel by an African American, Fiddler Johnson, who he accused in The Mystery newspaper of being a slave catcher.

1847 Delany meets Douglass and Garrison whilst they are in Pittsburgh on an anti-slavery tour and helps to put together Douglass’s first abolitionist newspaper "the North Star", printed from the basement of the Memorial African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church in Rochester, New York.

Delanys eulogy for Rev. Fayette Davis is widely redistributed.

Delany recruits for the Union Army. His son Touissant Louverture Delany serves with the 54th regiment.

1848 July Delany reports in the North Star that the jury in the Crosswait trial were instructed by U.S. District Court Justice John McLean to make it a punishable offence for a citizen to thwart those trying to “repossess” an alleged runaway slave, and as a result influences abolitionist Salmon P. Chase to remove McLean as a candidate of the Free Soil Party for the Presidency.

1850 Delany becomes one of the first of three black men to attend Harvard Medical School but is dismissed in after a few weeks on account of a race complaint from white students.

1852 Delany publishes his The Condition, Elevation, Emigration and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States, Politically Considered.

1854 Delany publishes The Origins and Objects of Ancient Freemasonry: Its Introduction into the United States and Legitimacy among Colored Men.

Delany, in the second Cholera outbreak stays behind in Pittsburgh to treat patients whilst many leave the city.

August Dealany leads the National Emigration Convention in Cleveland, Ohio.

and publishes his “Political Destiny of the Colored Race on the American Continent”.

1856 Delany moves his family to Chatham, Ontario, Canada.

1861 Delanys second part of part one series is published in Weekly Anglo African Magazine, he also prepares to embark Abeokuta but abandon plans abolition

Delany begins recruiting black men for the Union Army Rhode Island, Connecticut and Ohio raising thousands of enlistees many joining the new United States Coloured Troops, his son serving in the 54th regiment, writes to secretary of war Edwin Stanton

179, 000 black men enlisting in the U.S. Coloured Troops making up almost 10% of those serving in the Union army.

1865 February Delany meets Abraham Lincoln and proposes the creation of a Corps of black men led by black officers to attract blacks in the south.

Delany becomes the first black line field officer in the U.S. Army as well as the only black officer to receive commission of the highest rank of Major during the Civil War.

April 14 Delany invited to the War Department ceremony in Charleston, South Carolina, attending with Robert Vesey son of hanged black abolitionist, Denmark Vesey in ship named the Planter former slave Robert Smalls, Major Genral Robert Anderson Fort Sumter 1861, abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison Senator Warner speak, Massachusetts Senator Henry Wilson and abolitionist Henry Ward Beecher.

1861 Blyden becomes professor of Greek and Latin at Liberia College and becomes Liberian Secretary of State.

1877 Delany became chairman of the Liberian Exodus Joint Steamship Company finance committee they bought the 400 ton ship Azor.

1878 The following year the company made the voyage from Charleston to Monrovia with captain Harrison N. Bouey.

Blyden serves as President of Liberia College for 4 years.

1887 Blyden publishes his Christianity, Islam and the Negro Race.

1895 17 years later Bishop Henry Mc. Turner was responsible for two ships with 500 emigrants sailing to Liberia in 1895 and 1896.

The year after he also received James Mata Dwane of South Africa along with H. B. Parks and J. S. Flipper.

Dwane previously a South African Methodist Minister had left the Methodist Church to join the Ethiopian Church of Mangena Mokone in the same year and was also the founder of the Order of Ethiopia in the Anglican Church.

May 21 Sunday 14:05 The mission leaves Liberia by Air Liban for Freetown, Sierra Leone.

14:05 The mission arrive in Sierra Leone and are met at Queen Elizabeth II Quay in Freetown by representives of Government attended by the Parliamentary Secretary for External Affairs and his permanent Secretary.

The mission meets Prime Minister Dr. Sir Milton Margai at his office in Freetown. 

The majority report mentions the Trelawny maroons from the parish of St. James in Jamaica who fought the British in 1795 in what is known as the second maroon war and were sent to Nova Scotia then to Sierra Leone some of the most well known of these maroons are John Jarret, Charles Samuel and his brother Captain Andrew Smith and Montague James.

August 3 A Council of War was held in Spanish Town at which martial law was declared.

"the members of which, considering the flying reports that Frenchmen and people of colour were conspiring with the Maroons, the danger of suffering the departure of troops ready to sail to St. Domingo, and the necessity of justifying Lord Balcarres in detaining them, concurred in opinion that it was requisite to establish martial law; which was accordingly proclaimed."

August 5 Balcarres on arriving at Landoverly orders the 6 Maroons captains into irons.

Correspondence send six Maroon Captains obtain passports from General Palmer Major James and son to go to Spanish Town and to the Governor. Balcarres Caskell to report to Spainish Town.

The six Maroons captains at Landoverly St. Ann half way between Trelawny and Spanish Town apprehended by the Commander of the militia and made to wait for Balcarres.

July the Maroons dismiss superintendent Caskell from his position.

July 17 39 Maroons go to Vaughans field a mile and a half from Trelawny Town to warn Caskell not to return to the town and to let know that they ready for the white people and that if the whites do not come to them they will come to the whites.

The war was caused after the Montego Bay magistrate had authorised the flogging of two Maroons by a slave the maroons had previously taken, these 2 maroons were flogged for killing two hogs belonging to a poor man the situation escalated when Alexander Lindsay, 6th Earl of Balcarres orders 6 maroon captains into irons.

July 18 The magistrates of the parish of St. James send a message to the Maroons requesting a meeting between 4 of their justices and 4 chosen maroons, Colonel Montague declines adding that they do not want to see Caskell back in Trelawny ever again wage war. ask for the reappointment of Major James.

July 28 At Green Vale penn where the Maroons had moved up to, three miles away from Trelawny, the Maroon Captain Smith delivers a letter to the Custos of Trelawny Mr. Tharp.

Trelawny John Jarret is chosen to jot down the Maroons greviances.

Governor Alexander Lindsay the 6th Earl of Balcarres imports 100 bloodhounds from Cuba.

December The Maroon surrender Walpole Balcarres deports 600 Maroons to Nova Scotia Sierrra Leone.

1795 April 22 the Brigands war in Saint Lucia, the British attack Fond Doux and Rabot in Soufriere ensuing in the Battle of Rabot.

April Balcarres is appointed to succeed Sir Adam Williamson as Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica.

February defeat a battalion of British trops.

June 19 the British leave the Island not returning until a year later.

1797 November The Battle of Rabot ends and recruited into the 1st West India regiment stationed in Sierra Leone.

1794 February 4 the National Convention, the first elected Assembly of the First Republic, under Maximilien Robespierre proclaim the abolition of slavery in all French colonies and giving civil and political rights to all Blacks.

February Charles No Flint Grey and Vice Admiral John Jervis arrive in the West Indies.

March 22 capture Fort Royal and Fort Saint Louis in Martinique.

March 24 The British capture Fort Bourbon.

March 30 The British reinstate the Old Regime, including the Monarchy's Supreme Council and the seneschal's courts of Trinité, Le Marin, and St Pierre. The Royalists regain possession of their properties and positions, slaves are returned to their masters, and emancipation was forbidden, whereas in the previous month the French had abolished slavery.

The government also promulgate an ordinance banning all gatherings of blacks or meetings by slaves, and banned Carnival. However, the British did require an oath of allegiance to the King of England.

April Jervis leads the invasion of St. Lucia, citadel More Fortune is captured and renamed Fort Charlotte.

L'Ouverture switches his allegiance and now fights on the side of the French, he raises the republican flag over the port of Gonaïves, he has all supporters of the Spanish to leave Cordon de l'Ouest and 4, 000 of his troops with those of General Étienne Maynaud de Bizefranc de Lavaux's with Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Henri Christophe as.

May 6 L'Ouverture ambushes the Spanish after mass at church at San Raphael.

May 19 Troops from Greys force under commander John Whyte arrive in Saint Domingue and march to Port Au Prince where 45 ships of sugar are docked in the harbour they take and allow Sonthonax and the French leave providing that they do not burn the ships.

May L'Ouverture and Sonthonax commanding in the North whilst André Rigaud in the South.

Rigaud takes the town of Léogâne by storm and drives the British back to Port-au-Prince.

December 25 Rigaud takes Tiburon in surprise attack.

Soldiers of the 104th, 105th, 111th and 112th regiments in Dublin and Cork, Ireland riot.

1795 July Treaty of Baseline.

Jean-François and Biassou fight with L'Ouverture until November when Francois leave's for Spain and Biassou for Florida.

November 16 The Great Push 30, 000 men on 200 ships under General Ralph Abercromby departs from Portsmouth but wrecked by a storm.

December 9 sets out again for Saint Domingue.

1796 March 17 General Ralph Abercromby arrives in Barbados and despatches a force under Major General Gordon Forbes to Port-au-Prince.

fails to take French held city of Leogane, French Commander Alexandre Peton uses guns of his fort to sink three ships in-line under Admiral Hyde Parker and then turns his guns to the British, Forbes retreats back to Port au Prince. 

March 20 Commander Jean-Louis Villatte captures and overthrows French General Étienne Lavaux as part of his plan to form an allegiance with Governor Rigaud, L'Ouverture's troops arrive at Le Cap-Français to free him and drive Villatte out.

May Lavaux promotes L'Ouverture to commander of the West province.

Sonthonax arrives with the French third commission, promotes L'Ouverture to General and arranges for L'Ouverture's sons Placide and Issac to a school for children of colonials in France. highest ranking officer.

June 1 Only 198 of 1, 000 from the Sixty-sixth regiment and 515 of 1, 000 men of the Sixth-ninth regiment, have not been infected with yellow fever. September elections for colonial representatives of the French National Assembly take place.

Louveture Lavaux, Sonthonax is also elected.

October Lavaux leaves and Sonthonax stays.

1797 L'Ouverture appointed Lieutenant General second only to Lavaux himself.

5, 000 of Greys 7, 000 die from yellow fever and the Royal Navy 11, 000.

1787 Prior to all of this London's Black Poor, some of which were African American Loyalist’s were brought to Sierra Leone by the Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor and had founded Cline’s Town named after Emmanuel Kline a liberated Hausa, the town was later renamed Gransville Town after Granville Sharp.

Black Loyalist were former slaves who served for British military forces in the American War of Independence and were resettled in Nova Scotia by the British after they lost the war.

1 of the Black Regiments of the British Army were Lord Dunsmore's 800 man strong Ethiopian Regiment who fought in the Battle of Kemp's Landing and the Battle of Great Bridge

1775 November 7 Lord Dunmore, the Royal governor of Virginia makes his proclaimation calling for slaves to enlist in the British Army threatening them with liability of penalties.

November By the end of the month several hundred slaves have fled to Norfolk, Virginia to enlist, almost 2/3rds of those who were resettled in Sierra Leone were from Virginia.

1789 Granville Town is burned down by King Tom's successor, King Jimmy, another King of the local Temne people. The land on which the town was founded was purchased from Koya Temne sub schief King Tom and regent Naimbana.

1792 February 29-March 9 15 ships arrive at St. George Bay.

March 11 The site of Cline's Town is designated by the Sierra Leone Company as the site of the new settlement for African American Loyalists.

Nathaniel Gilbert.

1810 The African Institution ask the British Government for a land grant in Sierra Leone for Paul Cuffe.

1811 March 1 Cuffee arrives in Freetown, Sierra Leone.

April 7 Cuffe meets with black merchants including John Kizele, they write a petition to the African Institution and found the Friendly Society of Sierra Leone.

1815 Cuffe arrives at Sherbrooke Island in present day Sierra Leone with 88 African Americans, the first.

1775 Cuffe, at age 16 learns navigation.

In the late 1780s Cuffe's flagship was the 25-ton schooner Sun Fish and after that he bought the 40-ton schooner Mary.

1795 Cuffe sells the Mary and Sun Fish to finance construction of the Ranger, a 69-ton schooner launched.

1796 Cuffe launches the Ranger from his shipyard in Westport. Wanting a larger homestead

1799 February Cuffe pays $3,500 for 140 acres (0.57 km2) of waterfront property in Westport.

1800 Cuffe purchase a half-interest in the 162-ton barque Hero.

1806 Cuffe's largest ship, the 268-ton Alpha and his favorite ship, the 109-ton brig Traveller are built.

1811 Cuffe takes his favorite ship, the Traveller into Liverpool, The Times of London reports that it is likely the first vessel to reach Europe "entirely owned and navigated by Negroes".

May 23 Tueday The mission visit Njala Agricultural Centre and Training College.

May 24 The mission visits Marampa Iron ore mines and meet with a mission from the U.A.R. also touring the mines.

September The Emperor attends the Conference of Heads of State of Government of Non-Aligned Countries in Belgrade, FPR Yugoslavia, considered to be the founding conference of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Nkrumah.

October Du Bois joins the Communist Party and travels to Ghana with his wife to take up residence there and to begin work on his African encyclopedia.

December 15 King works with the desegregation movement in Albany, Georgia.

December 16 King and Abernathy are among those arrested in demonstration in Albany, King declines bail until the city.

Prince Buster’s Oh Carolina by the Folkes Brothers is licensed to Blue Beat Records for release in the UK by Melodisc owned Emil Shalet.

Julius Winston Garvey receives M.D. degree and moves to the United States where he practices medicine in New York.

1962 April 27 LAPD officers beat members of Temple number 27 in South Central, Los Angeles.

A group of Muslims come outside, the disarm one of the officers, another officer is shot on the elbow by one of his colleagues.

Reinforcements of 70 officers arrive and raid the Mosque beating members and even shoot several members including William X Rogers, who is hit in the back and paralyzed for life and Ronald Stokes who is shot from behind whilst raising his hands over his head to surrender and is killed.

The coroner rules Stokes’s killing as being justified.

July 27 King after returning to Albany, Georgia is arrested at prayer vigil 45 days imprisonment or fine of $178, Kings chooses but has his fine paid by Billy Graham three days later with the help of Police Chief Laurie Pritchett.

August 10 King is released.

King works with the Gandi Society to give President Kennedy an executive order for civil rights.

October Brigadier P E Crooks of the Jamaica Defense Force submits a paper to the Governor General Kenneth Blackburne for consideration by the Defence Board in which Ras Tafari is identified as an international threat to Jamaica's national security by reasoning that ‘…the internal threat is well known to readers of this paper and does not require much elaboration. Briefly, Communism will try to infiltrate by all possible means and may make active use of the following: (i) Extreme racial organisations, eg, The Rastafarians approx strength 3,000-5,000, not organised but a potential danger’.

[ohmababypoe]

Sweet Dreams

Word Total: 869

 Request: anonymous asked: can you do a kylo ren x reader wherein the reader has trouble sleeping due to her having nightmares and with kylo knowing about this he tries to help her cope with it? it's okay if u mix it up a bit! i really love your work xx

 Pairing:  Kylo Ren x Reader

 Y/N yawned and looked at her reflection, dark circles adorned her eyes and her skin was paler than usual. It lacked its usual luster, she never imagined that three days without sleeping would make her look so sick. It was convenient that she had to use a helmet and not walk around the Destroyer with her face that screamed no sleep for days. It was rare that nightmares started to plague her nights.

 “Admiral, General Hux wants to see you in the command center”

 “I am on my way” Y/N took a small, clear vile and cringed at the taste of it. At least her reflexes would be awakened, there was no way in the galaxy she was going to pilot a TIE-Fighter without sleep. They might be little but the things were faster than any ship made in the galaxy. She looked at herself one last time and quickly put on her black helmet.

 “Admiral, how generous of you to grace us with your presence” Y/N merely rolled her eyes and said nothing as the general walked down his command post. He seemed to be pissed off at everything that breath and walk. “The Supreme Leader Snoke, desires for you to retreat significant intel” So that’s why he looked irritated since the fall of the new Death Star the supreme leader have depreciated the general; if he was demoted she was next in the line of command. “And after retrieving it, transported to his private Destroyer”

 “I’ll be on my way then, General Hux”

 Y/N looked at the dead Resistance soldiers; she put her blaster on her hip and proceeded to walk towards the intelligence center of the small Resistance base. “Rsu-8, get the Intel for the main ship,” she said to the black cylindrical drone. The drone beeped and rolled to the main console in the middle of the room. A dainty sound called Y/N’s attention; she turned around and saw a Resistance soldier pointing his blaster at her. “You bastard” she growled looking down at her wounded arm, the soldier laid dead in front of what it looked like a secret entrance. “I am fine, just continue”

 Her eyes were closing on their own accord, as her TIE-Fighter was at hyper speed. Whether it was the blood she had lost or the lack of sleep it was a very bad combination. “I am fine, Rsu” she repeated for the tenth time to her droid. Her eyes closed for a moment and saw herself dead, a woman with a blue lightsaber stroke her as she tried to kill FN-187. A beep woke her up from her nightmare. “Yeah, it’s fine. Make sure it’s safe to land”

 Y/N took off her helmet and smiled, the place was beautiful. Rsu had scanned the planet and confirmed that no harmful creatures habituated the planet. “Can you fix it on time?” Rsu beeped and got on into the TIE-Fighter. The water seemed to be a coral color as it fell down a tall chain of mountains, the air smell like different combinations of pleasant perfume. The sound of the birds around her was like a lullaby her eyes started to flutter shut.

 “Y/N”

 She turned around and a big smile appeared on her face. “Kylo, what are you doing here it had been a little bit creepy at first; Kylo had appeared randomly in one of her dreams. Y/N had thought that he was just a figment of her imagination when in reality it was him projected in them. This time he didn’t wear his helmet, he was dressed in comfortable black clothes as he walked through the field of flowers. “Are you okay?”

 “Have you seen it?” Kylo asked as he passed his hand over the variety of flowers. How did he know about her nightmare? It was concurring yes, but she always woke up quickly never bothered to know what happened next. Y/N only nodded, “I can still feel you from so far away” She blushed and looked down at her feet. “You’re not sleeping”

 Y/N shyly looked up and saw Kylo standing in front of her. “Don’t worry; I am going to take care of it. I am going to protect you” he raised his hand and softly touched her cheek. Even though it was just in her dream, it felt so real; the warmth of his hand of her cheek and his hot breath near her lips. “I would not let anyone hurt you, my love” their lips softly touched as the flowers danced around them. Their lips moved in synchronization, Y/N stood in her tippy toes as Kylo bent a bit. His hands softly caressed her waist and hers played with the hair that lay on his neck.

 “I love you,” Kylo said as he softly looked at her. “You should go back to sleep”

“But, I don’t want to go” Kylo smiled at her, rare from his part; he seemed so calm and collected. “Kylo, please—“ he put a finger on her lips.

“When you return, I won’t let you go. Sweet dreams, my dear” Kylo leaned down and softly placed a kiss on her forehead. “I can’t wait to see you again”

[trishscully]

You've opened the mail to discover a wedding invitation, and you've scored an exceptionally extraordinary one in addition to one: your daughter! It's an ideal opportunity to get them dressed up and all prepared for the party. The issue is the thing that they should wear to the wedding! 

What to search for? What would you be able to find that works both as far as configuration, style, and solace? How would you discover something that has immaculate enumeration and a dash of caprice, ideal for an exceptional day? 

Fortunately, this blog has guidance for you. 

Best Tips For Little Girl Dresses For Weddings 

A few ideas to consider for your daughter's first wedding dress: 

It's OK to sport white! While the standard of "no white" applies to everybody, it doesn't work with girls wedding outfits. You can in any case discover beautiful dresses that work for the wedding and are white. 

You can likewise go for lighter, splendid shades of the flower influence. We're talking red, pink, and rosette. 

Flouncy and flower girl wedding dresses are so trendy and furthermore work for this specific event. 

Think about your occasion's topic, season and custom, as this will significantly affect their general dressing highlights. For instance, go with something flower throughout the spring or summer, and something formal throughout the colder time of year, this way your baby will be appropriately dressed for the season. 

Remember that your daughter will be somewhat more dynamic than you, so guarantee they have adequate room and comfort inside their dress. Look for designers that offer custom-fitting so you outwit our two universes. 

Related Article:- Things to Keep In Mind When Shopping for Kids

Remember the accessories along with the girl’s wedding outfits, like baby headbands, barrettes, hairpins, fashioner shoes, and adornments. Work to perceive what you can and make it work with your little one! 

How to pick a dress for your infant girl? 

Numerous mums concur that little girl wedding dresses are considerably more advantageous. They slip directly on which makes them ideal when you change your baby's garments every now and again. With dresses, there is no compelling reason to stress over coordinating with tops and bottoms. When looking for your baby's garments, particularly dresses, there are a couple of things to remember: 

Budget. 

Comfort and security. Remember that beaded dresses cause more issues. 

Search for little girl wedding dresses that are not difficult to wear, and simple to wash and keep up with. 

Size. Numerous specialists suggest purchasing a size bigger so the dress would last more. Infants do develop sizes in a moment! 

Season and climate. 

The texture. Keep away from leather, denim, and other irritable material, and pick cotton, silk, and silk. 

Age and action. On the off chance that your daughter is crawling, you need to get her long outfits to ensure her knees. 

Dresses Ideas For Girls 

While having an infant girl, dressing her up and picking her outfits turns out to be a particularly lovely encounter. Each mum loves dressing up her little princess in both comfortable and sharp dresses. Regardless of whether it's anything but a proper dress for a wedding or a relaxed one for recess, you will require a ton of research to pick the ideal little girl wedding dress. Look at these most recent styles for baby girls for infants and little children. 

Planner Occasion Wear Dress for Toddler Girls in Hot Pink 

This is the latest youngsters' social occasion to wear a dress in hot pink. Sleeveless bodice with high neck and calf-length flare makes it an ideal birthday dress for a kid youngster 1-year-old. This is a select remarkable occasion outfit with a sparkling diagram on the bodice. 

Faye Coral Hi-Low Party Dress 

A stylish and sharp party dresses for youngsters for extraordinary weddings and even birthday celebrations! The sleeveless bodice gloats of gold arrangement work and itemizing on a sheer texture. This girl’s wedding dress highlights layers of coral net skirt for added volume in a Hi-Low cut. The midriff is upgraded by a sparkling lace in gold. Innovative and many-sided, it will guarantee she is the beauty queen at any party. 

Faye Cream and Gold Dress 

A rich dress for a shrewd day. Made in lightweight and delicate cotton, this sleeveless child's dress has a gold weave at normal stretches. A maroon band gets the midriff and the assembled skirt gives the dress added volume. Comfortable and brilliant this could be your baby girl's staple as the temperature shoots. 

You can purchase these awesome dresses for your little sweethearts, best case scenario, costs. Track down these charming baby girl dresses for girls between 1-2 years, long term, 4-5 years, 5-6 years, 6-7 years,7-8 years,8-9 years old. 

Polka Dot Dress and Headband Set 

Polka specks are stylish and adorable for baby girls. This girl’s wedding dress is made of top caliber and delicate material. Thus, your daughter would be comfortable and beautiful simultaneously. This dress likewise accompanies a coordinating headband – nothing is cuter than this! 

You May Also Like:- Find the Perfect Fancy Flower Girl Dresses in the Us

Flower Ribbon Embossed Dress in Simply White 

This delightful floral dress is made with excellent polyester and ribbon. It is designed with a lovable lasting belt with a 3D bloom at the midriff. This dress accompanies white shorts. Those shorts give extraordinary help to your baby's upper thighs and stomach region. 

Bound Sleeveless Fashion Dress in Pink 

Have any weddings sooner rather than later? This dress is the ideal mix of classy and adorable! The bound girl’s wedding dress with a delightful tie at the abdomen is perhaps the most recent style for baby girls. It is additionally combined with a charming pink coordinating with a headband. 

Baby girl outfits (6 – a year old) 

For this age, the choices are more extensive and more fun. Your daughter is either crawling or strolling, so you need to make her something tall to secure her little knees. 

Dress in Stone 

This 2 of every 1 dress is an ideal expansion to your baby girl's closet. The skirt is baggy making it wonderful simple wear for your little princess. The shirt top is likewise simple to wear and it is entirely agreeable for your girl to wear. 

Printed Flare Dress in White 

This cotton piece is one of the nuts and bolts each mother needs in her girl's closet. This tall girl’s wedding dress is adorable, comfortable, and helpful for recess. 

Infant Girl Short Sleeve Dress in Pink 

Zippy is notable for its cute and great baby girl dresses and popular plans. This will be an extraordinary option, adding style and solace to your girl's day. 

Dresses for little ladies

At the point when your little lady turns 3, it’s an opportunity to pick semi-adult dresses. These little girl wedding dresses are stylish, upscale, and ideal for her! 

Child Girl Disney Dress in Blue 

Another Zippy dress that is ideal for girls from the age of 3 years of age and as long as 14 years. The double-layered skirt makes a magnificent touch. This dress is surely an extraordinary expansion to your girl's closet. 

Lucia Dress in White 

This sleeveless monochrome-designed dress is a relaxed stylish decision for your girl. This is an optimal summer dress for formal events, weddings, and extravagant family supper evenings. 

Strong Regular Fashion Dress in Beige 

Beige dresses are fundamental in each girl's closet. These round neck and cap sleeves are wonderfully intended to keep your girl comfortable and beautiful simultaneously. 

Girl Party Dress in Pink 

This refined extravagant dress is the most ideal choice for weddings and formal occasions. This dress is designed with a superb shade of pink with a connected bow in front.