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starr-fall-knight-rise · 4 years ago

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HASO, “An Analysis of Humans.”

Guess my brain wanted to write a partial scholarly paper today, so I guess this is what we got. Added in text sources to make it seem more legit. Lol

An Aggregated Summary of Human and Alien Comparisons

By Dr. Krill, Dr. Katie Quinn, and Dr. Adric Dracondi

It has long been known, since humans were first introduced onto the galactic stage, that humans are, arguably, the most powerful sentient alien species in the known universe. These are not simply popular conjectures by nonscientific minds, but the scientific community itself has conducted multiple studies regarding the adaptability and prowess of the human in comparison to other species. Many of these studies have examined, intelligence, hunting prowess, strength, and adaptability as their primary focus, (Diss, A., Wallin, G., and Millard; Wix and Veen). Based on these prior studies, this paper will attempt to summarize the overall strength of a human based on their homeworld evolution, comparison to other species, and their technological interplay.

Humans have existed on their home planet of earth for roughly 200,000 years. In comparison to other alien species, they are rather young, and still within the historical memory of the Rundi, who have existed through two major technology jumps, leaving much of their older historical records lost to time (Keple, J., et, all). Humanity began its life in the Miocene Epoch climbing through trees in the African savanna using both their feet and hands as tools for climbing. During this time they developed the ability to stand upright in order to use their hands for foraging. This gave them an increased ability to forage, and allowed them to share their food between pack members creating, what we now understand to be, the human’s social bonds (Keller, A., Winzer, C, V., and Pellar, Q). Of course, this wasn’t the only reason for human’s increased social bonds. Sometime during this period, the African Savanna went through a period of natural deforestation, reducing the number of trees humans could climb. For this reason, they were forced to turn to the ground where larger predators lurked (Huntsman, J,. Et. Al). At this point in time humans did not have many advantages against large predators, and even as of now, an unarmed human against most mid sized predators is going to lose. Compared to their own planetary predators, humans are not very fast, not very strong and not particularly dangerous when viewed alone. However, one of the human’s greatest advantages was originally their pack sizes encouraging cooperation among members to both protect each other and watch for predators. Predators would be much less likely to hunt a human in a large pack, sut as they are less likely to hunt other animals if they are in large groups preferring to attack those who are alone, weak or sick (Keller, A., Winzer, C, V., and Pellar, Q).

Why then, were humans able to survive at all as they have some serious strategic disadvantages. Humans are slow, have no trees to climb, poor smell , arguably por hearing, and dismal strength in comparison to savannah predators. Furthermore, the transition into humans walking upright caused the narrowing of the pelvic bone, which would become an issue as humans continued to evolve. The answer to this question comes with later iterations of the evolved humans. After thor descent from the trees, humans gained a few important abilities: first of all they lost all of their fur giving them the ability to sweat, their legs were lengthened and their arms were shortened giving them a superior sense of balance for throwing, and their cranial size increased giving them the ability to use and create tools for cracking bone which would aid them in foraging: the increased brain size would later give them the unique ability to speak. These two distinctions being important precursors for sentient life (Wheeler., R, Winter, F., And Nix., L).

The human ability to sweat, coupled with their upright walk gave humans the natural ability to run while carrying tools, such as spears and weapons. Early humans evolved for running long distances. The arches of their feet act as springs which depress and spring back as they run. Tendons in the back of the ankle do the same, while powerful muscles in their lower backs and butts keep them standing upright and provide power. Humans keep their balance using muscles in their shoulders, and the swinging of their arms gives extra momentum and balance. The head is held in place by special tendons on the sides of their necks, while their eyes and brains correct for the bouncing of their gait. Furthermore, while other animals require panting and shade to cool off, human sweat rolls into the skin and then evaporates, cooling them off as they move. In this way , humans are superior at long distance running and often used pursuit predation to run their prey to death before spearing them with tools they made (Dillinger, F., and Walker, P). While many animals on their planet are capable of throwing, humanity’s long legs and short arms gives them the superior balance required to throw hard without losing their balance giving them the advantage of long distance weapons. Coupled with tool making,, humans did not have to directly interact with much of the prey they were hunting.

During this time humans grew more socialized and pack oriented As their brains got bigger, childbirth became more dangerous, and their offspring were forced to be born earlier and more underdeveloped than ever before. Packs grew in size as did family groups. Their ability to speak was probably one of their greatest accomplishments, though ironically, the drop of their larynx into their neck, which supported the transition to speaking, also made them more prone to choking (Huntsman, J,. Et. Al). As the climate on earth gradually began to change, humans moved north using their tools and abilities to survive in colder and colder climates. Different iterations of humanity formed, the Neanderthals VS the Sapiens for a time before the Neanderthals eventually merged with the Sapiens or died out. Humans gained the ability to bond with other animals -- a trick which only the Rundi have separately managed. In turn this sparked the rapid evolution of technology which eventually led them to space travel.

Humans may appear impressive to most outside alien species, but on their planet, domination came about only because of luck, and adaptability. Their evolution to walking on two feet was the catalyst for them being smart enough to out maneuver heavier and more dangerous species.

Now as we examine sentient species today, we can examine a few commonalities between the groups. The first being the ability to speak. No sentient species has evolved without some sort of communicatory language. The starborn can speak telepathically, and most other species vocally. The lumens and the Mikes also communicate based on light frequencies, though these are still translatable into structural sentences if one knows what they are doing. Even the Adaptids have a very base and rudimentary speech which requires the use of smell (Krill, 4020). Another common trait is hands or other limbs used for the manipulation of objects. While some aliens also developed the ability to stand upright on two legs: Drev, Tvek, Finnari, Gnark,lak, some retain that ability only partially: Rundi, Kree, while the vast majority require at least three or more limbs to stay upright using tails to balance or adding extra legs for stability: Tesraki, Vrul, Iotins Burg etc..Regardless of walking upright all of these creatures have the ability to manipulate objects to use tools.

The question now remains. Where do humans and other aliens stack up? The answer seems clear in that humans are not powerful because of their dominance in one specific area, but because humans are generalists where others are specialists. There is a human saying that goes along well with this research. Jack of all trades, the master of none, but better than the master of one. A general knowledge of everything seems to be the precursor for being the best survivalists. Let us examine intelligence first, as we know Rundi, Tesraki, burg and Drev are comparable to humans, which are all well behind Vrul and Gibb in average intelligence, though intelligence is one of the more difficult factors as intelligence is an important prerequisite to space travel (Kisk., Gana., Fuller., and Millward). Humans are not the fastest, that goes to the Rundi, though they are the second fastest, and can arguably outdistance a Rundi in a footrace. Human hearing isn’t as good as a Tesraki, but better than most others just as their eyesight isn’t nearly as good as a Drev, but still much more powerful than others. Drev also take the main spot as being one of the strongest with humans closely behind. Smell is a relatively rare ability among nonhuman species, though the Drev have it to some degree. The Adaptids are known for their superior smelling ability, though it is arguable if they count as sentient just yet. Starborn can survive in space, which is an ability that no other nonhuman species has, accept for humans who can survive for about 15 seconds in the vacuum of space with damage: the only known case of this being of course Admiral Vir, who is as of now, the only human to have attempted this maneuver at all.

The argument we make here is not based primarily on human abilities, which seem second to all, but based primarily about how these interacted with their technological advances. Humans are the youngest species EVER to reach space, and that includes the Drev. In fact most humans still possess instincts which are often lacking in older sentient species, replaced by thought and logic. A human is still said to be able to sense danger before it comes, and can read body language better than any other sentient species currently known, which has much to do with the juvenile nature of their species. Furthermore, human durability is one of the greatest factors.

The average human can stand about 5gs of force without passing out while trained humans can reach up to sustained 12gs. Most alien species on the other hand had to find ways to keep their craft below 4gs at all times in order to avoid passing out. Nonhumans spent much longer developing their technology before reaching space, while humans were busy strapping rockets to tin cans. A similar situation can be noted with the Drev, who can sustain 7 to 8gs if trained. Both of their species were allowed to leave their planet before fully developing out of their more primitive natures, as was common with other nonhuman or Drev species. In general, human and Drev durability have allowed them to operate machinery which would be too dangerous for other species, giving them a time advantage in the race to the stars.

At this point one might wonder if Drev are comparable to humans, after all Drev are stronger, more durable and just as intelligent as humans. This is true of course, but humans do have some strategic advantages, long distance running ability, pack bonding, and superior technology development, which might have been negated if it weren’t for the Drev religion which calls into question the nature of technology as dishonorable. Furthermore, though they can distinguish less colors than Drev, human sense of smell and hearing is stronger, giving them a distinct battlefield advantage in at least once sense as they are able to pinpoint the direction and height of sounds where Drev have trouble.

A discussion about the abilities of humans can go on all day, though the conclusion scientists have agreed upon focuses primarily on human adaptability and generalization skills as the primary function of their abilities, and seeming power over other species. It seems good then that human pack bonding instincts easly travels across species making them relatively easy to make alliances with compared to some other, more stubborn species.

#humans are insane #HUMANS ARE WEIRD #humans are space orcs #humans are space australians #earth is a deathworld #Earth is space Ausralia #humans are space oddities

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harvardfineartslib · 3 years ago

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“What kind of fight should we carry on in art?” This was a question raised by one of the students who were attended a two-day exploration of human empathy led by artist Kara Walker along writer Rebecca Walker in Turin, Italy in 2011, Walker responded, “Well, the struggle for quite a long time has been to make work as a woman artist, or woman artist of color, without necessarily having to explain what being a woman artist, or a woman of color, actually is, all the time, without assuming that the audience viewing the work or listening or reading is something other than you.” (p. 167)

Kara Walker : a negress of noteworthy talent Attribution: a cura di Olga Gambari ; [testi, Richard Flood ... [et al.]]. Author / Creator: Walker, Kara Elizabeth Torino : Fondazione Merz, c2011. 207 p. : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 22 cm. Italian English Catalog of an exhibition held at the Fondazione Merz, Turin, Italy, Mar. 25-July 3, 2011. Includes bibliographical references. c2011 HOLLIS number: 990130664810203941

#womenartist #Blackwomenartist #KaraWalker #WomensHistoryMonth #Americanartist #HarvardFineArtsLibrary #Fineartslibrary #Harvard #HarvardLibrary #harvardfineartslibrary #fineartslibrary #harvard #harvard library #harvardfineartslib #harvardlibrary

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pratanumindpowerdevelopment · 3 years ago

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Nutritional Status And Somatotype Study on Sabar males of Purulia Sample Research Paper

The Somatotype represents a criteria utilized to find out body composition and it had been inspired by different factors along with nutrition. It is a study which is going to find out somatotype along with nutritional status. They are going to find out somatotype variations in connection with age along with the nutritional status. The study was conducted among the adult males in the Sabar community from a district named Purulia in West Bengal.

In cross-sectional study, it consists of 300 Sabar males who come under the age of 19 to 59 years. There are anthropometric measurements which consist of weight, height, 2 breadths, 4 skinfolds and 2 circumferences under the standard protocol. The Somatotype have been found as per Heath-Carter method along with Body Mass Index which were utilized to reach the standard of nutrition. The Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Chi-square test, Spearman correlation have been carried out to search correlation, variation, and relation of somatype components as per nutritional category and age.

The ethical clearance were received. Finally, there is a trend in undernutrition which have been improving with the age. It had been discovered as the highest in the aged people and it is between 50 and 60 years having total prevalence of about 49.7%. There are somatotype subgroups and it is 12 in total (Satpati & Kumar Sharma, 2021). Mean somatotype of participants have been 2.3–3.6-3.9 which shows the mesomorph-ectomorph body form. The Kruskal-Wallis H test showed a lot of differences in the somatotype parts in various nutritional category.

The undernutrition have been discovered as the top in mesomorphic ectomorph which is 62%. The Chi-square test shows a lot of association between the somatotype categories along with the nutritional statuses whose Chi-square = 283.160, p < 0.01. It has been the initial reporting on study of somatotype in the community of Sabar. There is a dominant body form which is mesomorph-ectomorph. It has been quite important correlation found between the BMI and somatotype. The study shows the requirement for instant intervention of nutrition.

At present there a lots of people in world who have been suffering from various types of malnutrition. There has been approximately 1.9 billion adults who were overweight. On the other hand, there are 462 million who are underweight as per the records of WHO at the time of World Food Day 2019. The researchers had pointed out the malnutrition to be the prime reason behind disability, death and ill-health along with the risk factor for a disease in the countries of the Third World (Das et al, 2021) .

We have found the presence of malnutrition in India and it is quite high. There are different studies which were conducted to assess nutritional status by utilizing various anthropometric variables and the common one is Body Mass Index in connection with the sex, age, occupation along with the socio-economic condition in various corners of India particularly in tribal groups (Sen & Bhakat, 2020). The researchers think that the human health is associated with BMI which is not proper to create insight for nutritional status as this is not associated with sufficient substitute for the somatotype. There is a Sheldonian classification on somatotype which has been a description method along with quantification of a particular human body on shape and composition scales. They are endomorphy comparative fatness which had been used by a rounded shoulder, short neck, broad face, rounded physique. The mesomorphy has been comparative musculoskeletal robustness having broad shoulder along with the chest plus strong limbs. There is an ectomorphy having slim physique, flat chest, narrow chest along with long limbs. They have been changed by Heath and Carter. The classification has been identified as the anthropometric somatotype method. They are beneficial for different fields in ageing and growth. There is body image along with sports profiling.

From a study, there are 300 Sabar males under age group 18 to 60 years. They have been found in Purulia district, West Bengal. Purulia has been a district located on the west of West Bengal. It had been 250 km far from Kolkata (Khattri et al, 2021). The data had been acquired from 16 villages within four administrative blocks, which are as follows:

Purulia-I, the name of village is Akarbad.

Manbazar-I , the name of villages are Kuda, Punru, Bamni, Jonarah, Jabla, Kasidih and Makarkendi.

Puncha, the name of villages are Damodarpur, Babuijor, Balakdih, Bankanali and Bengthupi. Bandwan , the name of village is Amjharna and Popo.

Most of the participants have been chosen in the form of random associated with study. They have been discovered in the physical level and mental level (Tsukru et al, 2021). They had not suffered from illness during study. There is a study protocol which have been approved by Bangabasi College’s Research and Ethics committee under University of Calcutta, West Bengal. They had taken permission from local administration. Prior to the starting of study, there were participants who got information and objectives were explained. They had taken permission.

The descriptive statistics on anthropometric variables, age and somatotype components were shown in Table. The mean (±SD) age on participants have been 38.9 (±13) years under 18 to 60 years. On the basis of BMI, there is a mean value which is 19 (±2.2) kg/m2. The mean of the somatotype components include the mesomorphy, endomorphy, and ectomorphy was 2.3(±0.9)-3.6(±1.1)-3.9(±1.3). The total outcome showed that those who joined were mesomorph-ectomorph body type. The somatotype values on participants have been plotted using somatochart checking the mean values of X (1.6 ± 2.0) and Y (1.1 ± 2.9) coordinates.

References

Das, K., Mukherjee, K., Ganguli, S., Pal, S., & Bagchi, S. S. (2021). The association between somatotype and nutritional status: a cross-sectional study among the adult Sabar males of Purulia, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Anthropology and Ethnology, 5(1), 1-16.

Tsukru, V., Khesoh, V., Dkhar, J. W., & Kumar, D. (2021). Body physique and nutritional status of Naga wrestlers: A case study of the Chakhesang tribe of Nagaland, India.

Khattri, M. B., Nešković, M., Pries, L., Nalls, I. B., Walker, S., & Malighetti, R. (2021). Advances in Anthropology and Ethnology. Advances in Anthropology and Ethnology, 306.

Sen, U. K., & Bhakat, R. K. (2020). Socio-ecological and Religious Perspective of a Sacred Grove in the Traditional Way of In Situ Plant Conservation. Tribes and Tribals, 18(1-2), 1-11.

Satpati, S., & Kumar Sharma, K. (2021). Livelihood Options and Livelihood Security Among Tribal in South Western Plateau and Highland Region in West Bengal. Journal of Land and Rural Studies, 9(1), 119-139.

#study #anthropology #sabar #tribes #purulia #ethnography #cultural anthropology

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aion-rsa · 4 years ago

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Lord of the Rings Amazon TV Series: Cast, Release Date and Everything to Know

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Amazon’s purportedly billion-dollar-budgeted Lord of the Rings TV series will take place LONG before the events of Peter Jackson’s movies. Setting the tone for this small screen return to the world of J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings Trilogy, the first two episodes will be directed by J.A. Bayona, who helmed Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom.

The Lord of the Rings TV series is set during Middle Earth’s Second Age—that’s thousands of years before Bilbo Baggins, Gollum or Aragorn ever existed! Moreover, the end of said age was a full millennium before the Wizards (Gandalf, Saruman, et al.) even arrived in Middle Earth, which makes the series a prequel in an epochal sense.

Amazon hopes the new Lord of the Rings TV show will be the next Game of Thrones, evidenced by its early Season 2 order. While COVID-19 temporarily halted its New Zealand production back in March 2020, progress ultimately resumed in late-September.

With that set, here’s everything you need to know about the project!

Lord of the Rings Amazon Cast

In the first bit of news on The Lord of the Rings television series in quite some time, Amazon Studios announced a plethora of new cast members. While we’re still not getting any official details on the show’s characters, the latest development proves that the project is a massive ensemble.

The CW

Cynthia Addai-Robinson leads this crop of newcomers.

The London-born, American-raised actress most recently fielded the role of Ramona Garrity on Starz series Power, but genre fans likely best know her as the CWverse’s version of Amanda Waller during Arrow’s brief Suicide Squad storyline, along with roles on USA’ Shooter and—in a setup somewhat close to LOTR—Starz’s Spartacus. She also had a notable role in 2016 actioner The Accountant.

Here’s the rest of the announced additions:

Maxim Baldry (Years and Years)—whose addition was reported by Collider back in October 2019—is now officially confirmed, joined by newcomer Ian Blackburn, Kip Chapman (Top of the Lake), Anthony Crum (Krystal), Maxine Cunliffe (Power Rangers Megaforce), Trystan Gravelle (A Discovery of Witches), Sir Lenny Henry (Broadchurch), Thusitha Jayasundera (Humans), Fabian McCallum (You, Me and The Apocalypse), Simon Merrells (Knightfall), Geoff Morrell (Harrow), Peter Mullan (Westworld), Lloyd Owen (Cleaning Up), Augustus Prew (The Morning Show), Peter Tait (Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King), Alex Tarrant (Mean Mums), Leon Wadham (Power Rangers Beast Morphers), Benjamin Walker (Jessica Jones) and Sara Zwangobani (Home and Away).

Interestingly, the addition of Peter Tait marks the return of an alumnus from The Lord of the Rings films, since he was in Return of the King as Shagrat, the Uruk-hai who carried the venom-paralyzed, web-wrapped Frodo back to the Tower of Cirith Ungol before getting into a scrap (over Frodo’s Mithril shirt,) with the bossy Orc known as Gorbag. – In another Peter-related angle, the addition of Peter Mullan should delight fans of HBO’s Westworld who know him as James Delos and his “fidelity” tested robotic doppelgangers.

They join the following existing cast members:

HBO

Robert Aramayo, best known as Young Ned Stark on Game of Thrones, fields the lead role for which the departed Will Poulter was previously tapped. While little is known about the character, he was initially referred to as “Beldor,” and is said to be heroic. Poulter, who was cast back in September 2019, reportedly withdrew from the series over scheduling conflicts.

A24

Morfydd Clark has a lead role as a familiar character, as first reported by Variety. She will play a younger version of Galadriel, the ancient elven Lady of Lothlórien, famously played by Cate Blanchett in The Lord of the Rings Trilogy and (in an appearance anachronistic to the novel) The Hobbit films.

Clark put in a dark performance as the star of excellent horror film Saint Maud, in which she played a piously deranged hospice nurse. She also recurred in Season 1 episodes of HBO’s His Dark Materials as the daemon-deprived Sister Clara, and fielded the major role of Mina in the recent Netflix/BBC Dracula miniseries. Clark also notably appeared in horror film Crawl, Benedict Cumberbatch miniseries Patrick Melrose and Pride and Prejudice and Zombies.

Galadriel, an ancient elf from Valinor who predates the First Age, famously used her long-honed magic powers to aid Frodo and the Fellowship in their journey during the Rings Trilogy. Yet, said powers happen to be rooted in her possession of Nenya, one of the three Rings of Power bestowed to the race of Elves; a trinket whose powers come with a caveat since, thanks to Sauron’s trickery, it is ultimately subordinate to the One Ring. Consequently, with the show’s Second Age setting (the era of the Rings of Power,) the inclusion of Galadriel seems to signal a story centered on Sauron’s deceitful claim to fame.

BBC

Markella Kavenagh was revealed back in July 2019 as the first cast member for the series, reportedly set to play a character named Tyra.

Kavenagh was most recently seen co-starring in Australian drama My First Summer and recurred on TV series The Gloaming for Australia’s Stan streaming service. Additionally, she’s no stranger to Amazon Prime originals, having been part of the cast of 2018’s Picnic at Hanging Rock.

Blumhouse Productions

Ema Horvath will play an unspecified character as a series regular, reported Deadline.

A relative newcomer, Horvath made her onscreen debut in the 2017 horror film, Like.Share.Follow, in which she appeared opposite Keiynan Lonsdale (The Flash’s Wally West), and moved on to field roles in 2019 horror films The Gallows Act II and The Mortuary Collection.

BBC

Joseph Mawle will play a villain, reported Variety, whose sources claim that the character will be named “Oren.”

The Oxford-born actor is best known as Benjen Stark on Game of Thrones, which he fielded in Season 1, and eventually returned as the show’s version of book character Coldhands in Season 7. He recently fielded BBC TV runs on drama MotherFatherSon, actioner Troy: Fall of a City and was memorable as a corrupt pugilist police inspector on Ripper Street. He’ll soon be seen in auteur director Terrence Malick’s developing film, The Last Planet.

Cinemax/Sky

Maxim Baldry will field an unspecified “significant” role, reported Collider.

The English actor most recently recurred on 2020’s Season 8 of Showtime’s Strike Back, having recently fielded a breakout performance on HBO television drama series Years and Years. He has been seen on Channel 4’s Hollyoaks, a 2013 guest spot on BBC’s Skins and, back in 2007 as a child, had a three-episode run on HBO’s Rome and was seen that same year in Mr. Bean’s Holiday.

Additional LOTR cast members include: Owain Arthur (A Confession), Nazanin Boniadi (Counterpart), Tom Budge (Bloom), Ismael Cruz Córdova (The Undoing), newcomer Tyroe Muhafidin, newcomer Sophia Nomvete, Megan Richards (Wanderlust), Dylan Smith (I Am the Night), Charlie Vickers (Medici) and Daniel Weyman (Silent Witness). The addition of this group was announced back in January 2020 (just on the cusp of the pandemic,) during the Winter TCA Tour.

Lord of the Rings Amazon Release Date

Amazon’s Lord of the Rings doesn’t have a release date as of yet; a notion that was compounded by the pandemic production delay enacted back in March 2020. However, we do know that filming—specifically to complete the first two episodes—resumed back in late-September.

The series returned to the classic film franchise’s stomping grounds of New Zealand, specifically in Auckland, where production continues. The initial confirmation of that came from Amazon, which issued a statement from showrunners and executive producers J.D. Payne and Patrick McKay:

“As we searched for the location in which we could bring to life the primordial beauty of the Second Age of Middle-earth, we knew we needed to find somewhere majestic, with pristine coasts, forests, and mountains, that also is a home to world-class sets, studios, and highly skilled and experienced craftspeople and other staff. And we’re happy that we are now able to officially confirm New Zealand as our home for our series based on stories from J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings.”

Lord of the Rings Amazon Crew

Juan Antonio (J.A.) Bayona (Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, The Orphanage, The Impossible) directed the story-setting first two episodes. He is also serving as an executive producer, joined by his producing partner, Belén Atienza. “J.R.R. Tolkien created one of the most extraordinary and inspiring stories of all time, and as a lifelong fan it is an honor and a joy to join this amazing team,” Bayona said in a statement. “I can’t wait to take audiences around the world to Middle-earth and have them discover the wonders of the Second Age, with a never before seen story.”

Bryan Cogman, a winter-tested writer with Westeros work on his CV from Game of Thrones, is onboard the writing team as a consultant, as first reported by Variety. After starting as an assistant to showrunners David Benioff and D.B. Weiss, Cogman has since worn many hats on HBO’s Game of Thrones going back to the show’s first season, having written 11 episodes total—the most recent of which was Season 8’s pre-battle character study, “A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms”��and served as a producer on several episodes, ascending to co-executive producer for the last two seasons. He’s also attached to the screenplay for Disney’s live-action adaptation of its 1963 Arthurian animated classic, The Sword in the Stone.

J.D. Payne and Patrick McKay are handling the day-to-day duties as showrunners for the series, having been brought onboard the project back in July 2018; well before Amazon divulged any official details on the series. The collaborative duo have relatively thin CVs, with work on the script to 2016’s Star Trek Beyond being their only non-Rings major entry.

Here’s the officially released list of the show’s creative team:

Executive producers Lindsey Weber (10 Cloverfield Lane), Bruce Richmond (Game of Thrones), Gene Kelly (Boardwalk Empire) and Sharon Tal Yguado; writer/executive producer Gennifer Hutchison (Breaking Bad); writer/executive producer Jason Cahill (The Sopranos) writer/executive producer Justin Doble (Stranger Things); consulting producers Bryan Cogman (Game of Thrones) and Stephany Folsom (Toy Story 4); producer Ron Ames (The Aviator); writer/co-producer Helen Shang (Hannibal), and writing consultant Glenise Mullins.

Lord of the Rings Amazon Story

Amazon has been teasing the plot for The Lord of the Rings series for a few years now. The officially released series-era map not only confirmed the show’s time period, stating, “Welcome to the Second Age,” but bore another bountiful clue: the five-pointed-star-shaped southwest island kingdom of Númenor. An ancient kingdom of Men with long lifespans, Númenor flourished throughout much of the Second Age until the initial incursions of Sauron, which eventually led to the kingdom’s legendary fall (which culminated with the entire island sinking into the sea,) and King Elendil’s arrival on the mainland, where he eventually founded the kingdom of Gondor.

Welcome to the Second Age: https://t.co/Tamd0oRgTw

— The Lord of the Rings on Prime (@LOTRonPrime) March 7, 2019

Given Amazon’s subsequent teases, which recall tropes connected to the Ring of Power, one might further deduce that the Lord of the Rings series will specifically chronicle the epoch’s mythology-setting events. Pertinently, the sporadically posted lines in the teasers recall the Second Age story in which Sauron deceived the kingdoms of Elves, Men, and Dwarves with rings of power that he secretly controlled with the One Ring; a story famously told in The Fellowship of the Ring film prologue by Cate Blanchett’s Galadriel (a character played on this series by Markella Kavenagh).

We could also take this to mean that the Lord of the Rings TV show might showcase the formation of Gondor and the era in which Sauron’s insidious plot first came to a head; events that were briefly chronicled in Tolkien’s posthumously-published quasi-Biblical Middle Earth chronicle, The Silmarillion, specifically in the section titled “Akallabêth.”

Amazon Prime Video narrowed down the show’s time period by provocatively posting maps of Middle Earth, including downloadable versions hosted on the main Amazon site. Having started by posting a label-less version of the Middle Earth map, Amazon would incrementally reveal things by updating the map with land labels, which provided valuable clues about the show’s time setting. The first major revelation came in February 2019 with the release of a map containing a name that’s archaic to the familiar era of the Third Age, in which The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings novels and Peter Jackson-directed films take place.

New Line Cinema

The name on the map in question was “Calenardhon,” which is the ancient original name of the pastoral plains of the region that we know as the kingdom of Rohan (founded in 2510 in the Third Age), which we saw on magnificent display in the Rings Trilogy’s 2002 middle act, The Two Towers.

Additionally, the familiar sight to Rohan’s south, the great kingdom of Gondor, was nowhere to be seen on the map. This was a crucial clue, since Gondor (along with Northern Kingdom Arnor,) was founded by King Elendil and his sons during the Second Age of Middle Earth in 3320, setting up a climactic confrontation in 3441 between “The Last Alliance of Elves and Men” against Sauron and his evil army from Mordor—again, as depicted in the Fellowship prologue.

Consequently, with the Lord of the Rings series confirmed to take place in the Second Age, speculation can begin on how it might fill story gaps of the first war over the One Ring, potentially showcasing movie prologue characters like King Elendil, his son and eventual One Ring-owner, Isildur, as well as the powerful high-born Elven king, Gil-galad. Moreover, it appears that we might finally get to see Sauron himself as an actual character, rather than a giant irritated flaming eye!

cnx.cmd.push(function() { cnx({ playerId: "106e33c0-3911-473c-b599-b1426db57530", }).render("0270c398a82f44f49c23c16122516796"); });

That’s all we know about Amazon’s Lord of the Rings series. We, along with the franchise’s legion of fans, anxiously await any update that comes our way.

The post Lord of the Rings Amazon TV Series: Cast, Release Date and Everything to Know appeared first on Den of Geek.

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skonnaris · 5 years ago

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Books I’ve Read: 2006-2019

Alexie, Sherman - Flight

Anderson, Joan - A Second Journey

- An Unfinished Marriage

- A Walk on the Beach

- A Year By The Sea

Anshaw, Carol - Carry the One

Auden, W.H. - The Selected Poems of W.H. Auden

Austen, Jane - Pride and Prejudice

Bach, Richard - Jonathan Livingston Seagull

Bear, Donald R - Words Their Way

Berg, Elizabeth - Open House

Bly, Nellie - Ten Days in a Madhouse

Bradbury, Ray - Fahrenheit 451

- The Martian Chronicles

Brooks, David - The Road to Character

Brooks, Geraldine - Caleb’s Crossing

Brown, Dan - The Da Vinci Code

Bryson, Bill - The Lost Continent

Burnett, Frances Hodgson - The Secret Garden

Buscaglia, Leo - Bus 9 to Paradise

- Living, Loving & Learning

- Personhood

- Seven Stories of Christmas Love

Byrne, Rhonda - The Secret

Carlson, Richard - Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff

Carson, Rachel - The Sense of Wonder

- Silent Spring

Cervantes, Miguel de - Don Quixote

Cherry, Lynne - The Greek Kapok Tree

Chopin, Karen - The Awakening

Clurman, Harold - The Fervent Years: The Group Theatre & the 30s

Coelho, Paulo - Adultery

The Alchemist

Conklin, Tara - The Last Romantics

Conroy, Pat - Beach Music

- The Death of Santini: The Story of a Father and His Son

- The Great Santini

- The Lords of Discipline

- The Prince of Tides

- The Water is Wide

Corelli, Marie - A Romance of Two Worlds

Delderfield, R.F. - To Serve Them All My Days

Dempsey, Janet - Washington’s Last Contonment: High Time for a Peace

Dewey, John - Experience and Education

Dickens, Charles - A Christmas Carol

- Great Expectations

- A Tale of Two Cities

Didion, Joan - The Year of Magical Thinking

Disraeli, Benjamin - Sybil

Doctorow, E.L. - Andrew’s Brain

- Ragtime

Doerr, Anthony - All the Light We Cannot See

Dreiser, Theodore - Sister Carrie

Dyer, Wayne - Change Your Thoughts, Change Your Life

- The Power of Intention

- Your Erroneous Zones

Edwards, Kim - The Memory Keeper’s Daughter

Ellis, Joseph J. - His Excellency: George Washington

Ellison, Ralph - The Invisible Man

Emerson, Ralph Waldo - Essays and Lectures

Felkner, Donald W. - Building Positive Self Concepts

Fergus, Jim - One Thousand White Women

Flynn, Gillian - Gone Girl

Follett, Ken - Pillars of the Earth

Frank, Anne - The Diary of a Young Girl

Freud, Sigmund - The Interpretation of Dreams

Frey, James - A Million Little Pieces

Fromm, Erich - The Art of Loving

- Escape from Freedom

Fulghum, Robert - All I Really Need to Know I Learned in Kindergarten

Fuller, Alexandra - Leaving Before the Rains Come

Garield, David - The Actors Studion: A Player’s Place

Gates, Melinda - The Moment of Lift

Gibran, Kahlil - The Prophet

Gilbert, Elizabeth - Eat, Pray, Love

- The Last American Man

- The Signature of All Things

Ginsburg, Ruth Bader - My Own Words

Girzone, Joseph F, - Joshua

- Joshua and the Children

Gladwell, Malcom - Blink

- David and Goliath

- Outliers

- The Tipping Point

- Talking to Strangers

Glass, Julia - Three Junes

Goodall, Jane - Reason for Hope

Goodwin, Doris Kearnes - Team of Rivals

Graham, Steve - Best Practices in Writing Instruction

Gray, John - Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus

Groom, Winston - Forrest Gump

Gruen, Sarah - Water for Elephants

Hannah, Kristin - The Great Alone

- The Nightingale

Harvey, Stephanie and Anne Goudvis - Strategies That Work

Hawkins, Paula - The Girl on the Train

Hedges, Chris - Empire of Illusion

Hellman, Lillian - Maybe

- Pentimento

Hemingway - Ernest - A Moveable Feast

Hendrix, Harville - Getting the Love You Want

Hesse, Hermann - Demian

- Narcissus and Goldmund

- Peter Camenzind

- Siddhartha

- Steppenwolf

Hilderbrand, Elin - The Beach Club

Hitchens, Christopher - God is Not Great

Hoffman, Abbie - Soon to be a Major Motion Picture

- Steal This Book

Holt, John - How Children Fail

- How Children Learn

- Learning All the Time

- Never Too Late

Hopkins, Joseph - The American Transcendentalist

Horney, Karen - Feminine Psychology

- Neurosis and Human Growth

- The Neurotic Personality of Our Time

- New Ways in Psychoanalysis

- Our Inner Conflicts

- Self Analysis

Hosseini, Khaled - The Kite Runner

Hoover, John J, Leonard M. Baca, Janette K. Klingner - Why Do English Learners Struggle with Reading?

Janouch, Gustav - Conversations with Kafka

Jefferson, Thomas - Crusade Against Ignorance

Jong, Erica - Fear of Dying

Joyce, Rachel - The Love Song of Miss Queenie Hennessy

- The Unlikely Pilgrimage of Harold Fry

Kafka, Franz - Amerika

- Metamophosis

- The Trial

Kallos, Stephanie - Broken For You

Kazantzakis, Nikos - Zorba the Greek

Keaton, Diane - Then Again

Kelly, Martha Hall - The Lilac Girls

Keyes, Daniel - Flowers for Algernon

King, Steven - On Writing

Kornfield, Jack - Bringing Home the Dharma

Kraft, Herbert - The Indians of Lenapehoking - The Lenape or Delaware Indians: The Original People of NJ, Southeastern New York State, Eastern Pennsylvania, Northern Delaware and Parts of Western Connecticut

Kundera, Milan - The Unbearable Lightness of Being

Lacayo, Richard - Native Son

Lamott, Anne - Bird by Bird

Word by Word

L’Engle, Madeleine - A Wrinkle in Time

Lahiri, Jhumpa - The Namesake

Lappe, Frances Moore - Diet for a Small Planet

Lee, Harper - To Kill a Mockingbird

Lems, Kristin et al - Building Literacy with English Language Learners

Lewis, Sinclair - Main Street

London, Jack - The Call of the Wild

Lowry, Lois - The Giver

Mander, Jerry - Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television

Marks, John D. - The Search for the Manchurian Candidate: The CIA and Mind Control

Martel, Yann - Life of Pi

Maslow, Abraham - The Farther Reaches of Human Nature

- Motivation and Personality

- Religions, Values, and Peak Experiences

- Toward a Psychology of Being

Maugham. W. Somerset - Of Human Bondage

- Christmas Holiday

Maurier, Daphne du - Rebecca

Mayes, Frances - Under the Tuscan Sun

Mayle, Peter - A Year in Provence

McCourt, Frank - Angela’s Ashes

- Teacher man

McCullough, David - 1776

- Brave Companions

McEwan, Ian - Atonement

- Saturday

McLaughlin, Emma - The Nanny Diaries

McLuhan, Marshall - Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man

Meissner, Susan - The Fall of Marigolds

Millman, Dan - Way of the Peaceful Warrior

Moehringer, J.R. - The Tender Bar

Moon, Elizabeth - The Speed of Dark

Moriarty, Liane - The Husband’s Sister

- The Last Anniversary

- What Alice Forgot

Mortenson, Greg - Three Cups of Tea

Moyes, Jo Jo - One Plus One

- Me Before You

Ng, Celeste - Little Fires Everywhere

Neill, A.S. - Summerhill

Noah, Trevor - Born a Crime

O’Dell, Scott - Island of the Blue Dolphins

Offerman, Nick - Gumption

O’Neill, Eugene - Long Day’s Journey Into Night

A Touch of the Poet

Orwell, George - Animal Farm

Owens, Delia - Where the Crawdads Sing

Paulus, Trina - Hope for the Flowers

Pausch, Randy - The Last Lecture

Patchett, Ann - The Dutch House

Peck, Scott M. - The Road Less Traveled

- The Road Less Traveled and Beyond

Paterson, Katherine - Bridge to Teribithia

Picoult, Jodi - My Sister’s Keeper

Pirsig, Robert - Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance

Puzo, Mario - The Godfather

Quindlen, Anna - Black and Blue

Radish, Kris - Annie Freeman’s Fabulous Traveling Funeral

Redfield, James - The Celestine Prophecy

Rickert, Mary - The Memory Garden

Rogers, Carl - On Becoming a Person

Ruiz, Miguel - The Fifth Agreement

- The Four Agreements

- The Mastery of Love

Rum, Etaf - A Woman is No Man

Saint-Exupery, Antoine de - The Little Prince

Salinger, J.D. - Catcher in the Rye

Schumacher, E.F. - Small is Beautiful

Sebold, Alice - The Almost Moon

- The Lovely Bones

Shaffer, Mary Ann and Anne Barrows - The Gurnsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society

Shakespeare, William - Alls Well That Ends Well

- Much Ado About Nothing

- Romeo and Juliet

- The Sonnets

- The Taming of the Shrew

- Twelfth Night

- Two Gentlemen of Verona

Sides, Hampton - Hellhound on his Trail: The Stalking of Martin Luther King, Jr. and the International Hunt for His Assassin

Silverstein, Shel - The Giving Tree

Skinner, B.F. - About Behaviorism

Smith, Betty - A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

Snyder, Zilpha Keatley - The Velvet Room

Spinelli, Jerry - Loser

Spolin, Viola - Improvisation for the Theater

Stanislavski, Constantin - An Actor Prepares

Stedman, M.L. - The Light Between Oceans

Steinbeck, John - Travels with Charley

Steiner, Peter - The Terrorist

Stockett, Kathryn - The Help

Strayer, Cheryl - Wild

Streatfeild, Dominic - Brainwash

Strout, Elizabeth - My Name is Lucy Barton

Tartt, Donna - The Goldfinch

Taylor, Kathleen - Brainwashing: The Science of Thought Control

Thomas, Matthew - We Are Not Ourselves

Thoreau, Henry David - Walden

Tolle, Eckhart - A New Earth: Awakening to Your Life’s Purpose

- The Power of Now

Towles, Amor - A Gentleman in Moscow

- Rules of Civility

Tracey, Diane and Lesley Morrow - Lenses on Reading

Traub, Nina - Recipe for Reading

Tzu, Lao - Tao Te Ching

United States Congress - Project MKULTRA, the CIA's program of research in behavioral modification: Joint hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence and the ... Congress, first session, August 3, 1977

Van Allsburg, Chris - Just a Dream

- Polar Express

- Sweet Dreams

- Stranger

- Two Bad Ants

Walker, Alice - The Color Purple

Waller, Robert James - Bridges of Madison County

Warren, Elizabeth - A Fighting Chance

Waugh, Evelyn - Brideshead Revisited

Weir, Andy - The Martian

Weinstein, Harvey M. - Father, Son and CIA

Welles, Rebecca - The Divine Secrets of the Ya Ya Sisterhood

Westover, Tara - Educated

White, E.B. - Charlotte’s Web

Wilde, Oscar - The Picture of Dorien Gray

Wolfe, Tom - I Am Charlotte Simmons

Wolitzer, Meg - The Female Persuasion

Woolf, Virginia - Mrs. Dalloway

Zevin, Gabrielle - The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry

Zusak, Marcus - The Book Thief

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lupinepublishers · 5 years ago

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Lupine Publishers | Effect of Maize Production in a Changing Climate: Its Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation Strategies through Breeding

Lupine Publishers | oncology research journals

Abstract

Increasing the population and off them living styles effect on the surrounding environment leads to changes in climate with time. In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. Among the agricultural crops maize is also one of the most important food crops. Predictions suggest that worldwide climate change will reduce maize production this will coincide with a substantial increase in demand for maize due to rising populations. However, selection for climate change adaptation cultivar is difficult due to complex genotype by environment interactions. The broader use of traits from alien species and the manipulation of heterosis and polyploidy create new perspectives for improving yield potential and adaptation to climate change. Maize research has a crucial role to play in enhancing adaptation and mitigation of climate change while also enhancing food security. The varieties of maize hybrids with increased tolerance to heat and drought stress and resistance to pests and diseases are serious for handling existing climatic variability and for adaptation to progressive climate change.

Keywords: Abiotic stress; Environment; Heterosis and Polyploidy

Introduction

Over the next 50 years agriculture must provide for an additional 3.5 billion people Borlaug [1]. Production of the three major cereal crops alone (maize, wheat and rice) will need to increase by 70 % by 2050 in order to feed the world’s growing rural and urban populations. However, climate change scenarios show that agricultural production will largely be negatively affected and will impede the ability of many regions to achieve the necessary gains for future food security Lobell et al. [2]. Climate change refers to the increase of earth’s temperature due to the release of gases such as CO, CH, CFCs, NO and O into the earth’s atmosphere IPCC [3]. Climate variability has been and continues to be, the principal source of fluctuations in global food production in countries of the developing world and is of serious concern. The mean annual rainfall is considerably low in most parts of the world and temporal variability is quite high. Climate change impacts on agricultural crop production vary from place to place and from crop to crop. Climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation, moisture and pressure affect the development of plants, either alone or by interacting with other factors. This implies that rural sustenance and food security is under threat along with socioeconomic stability Burke et al. [4], and ecological integrity Walker and Schulze [5]. These risks are particularly high for the less resilient impoverished countries. Considerable research work has been carried out on the effects of weather/climate on agricultural production, but few works have been specific on the effects of climate change on maize production. Maize is one of the most important staple food crops in the world after wheat and rice and belongs to the family Poaceae. Maize occupies an important position among the crops, both as food and feed as well as raw material in industrial production of starch, oil, protein, alcoholic beverages, biofuel, food sweeteners, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, films, textiles, gums, and also in packaging and paper industries, etc. It is the most versatile photo- insensitive crop with high adaptability which is why maize is referred to as “Miracle Crop”. Being a C4 plant, it is physiologically more efficient, has higher grain yield potential compared to other grass family members and is also regarded as “Queen of Cereals”. Maize crop as such has multiple uses. The kernel contains about 77 per cent starch, two per cent sugar, nine per cent protein, 2 per cent ash on a water-free basis, five per cent Pentosan (sold for the relief of many medical conditions including thrombi and interstitial cystitis in humans and osteoarthritis in dogs and horses) and five per cent oil. Maize Oil is considered as the highest containing poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), linoleic acid (61.9%). So, it remains a liquid at fairly low temperatures which is helpful in combating heart diseases (Figure 1). Maize oil is also low in linolenic acid (0.7%) and contains a high level of natural flavour. Maize is used primarily as a food for humans in most areas of the world, in contrast to the United States where about 85 per cent of the crop is used as cattle feed.

Effects of Climate Variability and Change on Maize Growth

Climate variability affects maize yield and the various crop processes and activities in maize production. There has been a significant fluctuation in maize yield and production. The occurrence of extreme climate variability such as may be characterized by a prolonged dry period or heavy rainfall spell coinciding with the critical stages of crop growth and development may lead to significantly reduced crop yields and extensive crop losses (Figure 2). Maize production has been on steady decline due to erratic rainfall variability and the area planted to maize has also been reduced to adapt to the anticipated drought period.

Effects of Climate Variability in Relation to Biotic and Abiotic Stress

Due to global warming, and potential climate abnormalities associated with it, crops typically encounter an increased number of abiotic and biotic stress combinations, which severely affect their growth and yield. Concurrent occurrence of abiotic stresses such as drought and heat has been shown to be more destructive to crop production than these stresses occurring separately at different crop growth stages. Abiotic stress conditions such as drought, high and low temperature and salinity are known to influence the occurrence and spread of pathogens, insects, and weeds. They can also result in minor pests to become potential threats in future Duveiller et al. [6]. These stress conditions also directly affect plant-pest interactions by altering plant physiology and defence responses (Figure 3). Additionally, abiotic stress conditions such as drought enhance competitive interactions of weeds on crops as several weeds exhibit enhanced water use efficiency than crops.

Abiotic Stresses of Maize Under the Changing Climate

Drought: Drought is the most pervasive limitation to the realization of yield potential in maize (Edmeades et al. [7]). Average annual global losses due to drought in maize range from 15% in temperate zone to 17% in tropical zone as estimated by empirical methods. A precise measurement of yield losses worldwide is not possible due to a range of occurrences of drought from individual fields to regional in extent, with severity from slight to catastrophic. Losses are greatest in parts of the world where soils and weather patterns are less favourable than US Corn Belt, which is named for its long-term suitability for growing maize at relatively low level of risk of crop failure.

Heat: By the end of this century, growing season temperatures will exceed the most extreme seasonal temperatures recorded in the past century Battisti and Naylor [8]. Using crop production and meteorological records, Thomson [9] showed that a 6°C increase in temperature during the grain filling period resulted in a 10% yield loss in the US Corn Belt. A later study in the same region showed maize yields to be negatively correlated with accumulated degrees of daily maximum temperatures above 32°C during the grain filling period. Lobell and Burke [10] suggested that an increase in temperature of 2°C would result in a greater reduction in maize yields within sub- Saharan Africa than a decrease in precipitation by 20%. A recent analysis of more than 20,000 historical maize trial yields in Africa over an eight year period combined with weather data showed for every degree day above 30°C grain yield was reduced by 1 % and 1.7% under optimal rainfed and drought conditions, respectively Lobell et al. [11]. The temperature threshold for damage by heat stress is significantly lower in reproductive organs than in other organs Stone [12]. Successful grain set in maize requires the production of viable pollen, interception of the pollen by receptive silks, transmission of the male gamete to the egg cell, and initiation and maintenance of the embryo and endosperm development Schoper et al. [13]. High temperature during the reproductive phase is associated with a decrease in yield due to a decrease in the number of grains and kernel weight. Under high temperatures, the number of ovules that are fertilized and develop into grain decreases.

Water Logging: Over 18% of the total maize production area in South and Southeast Asia is frequently affected by floods and water logging problems, causing production losses of 25-30% annually Zaidi and Singh [14]. Although the area of land in sub-Saharan Africa affected by water logging is lower than in Asia, it is a risk in a few areas. Water logging stress can be defined as the stress inhibiting plant growth and development when the water table of the soil is above field capacity. The diffusion rate of gases in the flooded soil could be 100 times lower than that in the air, leading to reduced gas exchange between root tissues and the atmosphere Armstrong and Drew [15]. As a result of the gradual decline in oxygen concentration within the rhizosphere, the plant roots suffer hypoxia (low oxygen), and during extended water logging (more than 3 days), anoxia (no oxygen) Zaidi and Singh [14]. Carbon dioxide, ethylene and toxic gases (hydrogen sulphide, ammonium and methane) also accumulate within the rhizosphere during periods of water logging. A secondary effect of water logging is a deficit of essential macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) and an accumulation of toxic nutrients (iron and magnesium) resulting from decreased plant root uptake and changes in redox potential. Nutrient uptake is reduced as a result of several factors. Anaerobic conditions reduce ATP production per glucose molecules, thereby reducing energy available for nutrient uptake. Reduced transport of water further reduces internal nutrient transport. Reduced soil conditions decrease the availability of key macro nutrients within the soil. Under water logging conditions nitrate is reduced to ammonium and sulphate is converted to hydrogen sulphide, and both become unavailable to most of the non-wetland crops, including maize. Availability of phosphorous may increase or decrease depending upon soil pH during water logging.

Biotic Stresses of Maize Under the Changing Climate: Abiotic stresses account for a significant proportion of maize yield losses worldwide. The predominant insect‐pests and diseases vary across environments and a major challenge in adapting crops to climate change will be the maintenance of genetic resistance to pests and diseases Reynolds and Ortiz [16]. Changing climates will affect the diversity and responsiveness of agricultural pests and diseases. Studying and understanding the drivers of change will be essential to minimize the impact of plant diseases and pests on maize production.

Plant Diseases: For a disease to occur a virulent pathogen, susceptible host and favourable environment are essential Legrève and Duveiller [17]. All of these components are strongly coupled with environmental conditions. Global climate changes have the potential to modify host physiology and resistance, and alter both stages and rates of pathogen development. Environmental conditions controlling disease development include rainfall, relative humidity, temperature and sunlight. Changes in these factors under climate change are highly likely to have an effect on the prevalence of diseases and emergence of new diseases. For example, in Latin America tar spot complex, caused by Phyllachora maydis, Monographella maydis and Coniothyrium phyllachorae, was previously rare. However, recent epidemics of the tar spot complex have been recorded in Guatemala, Mexico, Colombia and El Salvador due to recent climate variability Pereyda-Hernández et al. [18]. Climate change may also affect gene flow, the process through which particular alleles or individuals are exchanged among separate populations. This will increase pathogen population diversity leading to variation in host resistance, variation in pathogen virulence and new specific interactions. This has the potential to result in new diseases or pathogen emergence, and the introduction of pathogens into new ecological niches. Depending on the distribution of populations and environmental conditions that are influenced by climate change, gene flow leads to an increase in population diversity or to the introduction of a new population in new ecological niches. An important example of changes in growing season conditions being linked to outbreaks of diseases, with serious human health implications, is mycotoxins and their prevalence within maize systems. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary fungal metabolites that contaminate agricultural products and threaten food safety. Different groups of mycotoxins are produced by different fungi. A. flavus and A. parasiticus produce aflatoxin, F. verticillioides produces fumonisin, and F. graminierum produces deoxynivelanol (DON) and zearalenone) Cardwell et al. [19]; Miller [20]. Mycotoxin contamination is a serious problem with long-term consequences for human and animal health. Sub-lethal exposure to mycotoxins suppress the immune system, increase the incidence and severity of infectious diseases, reduce child growth and development, and reduce the efficacy of vaccination programs Williams et al. [21]. Consumption of high doses of mycotoxins causes acute illness and can prove fatal. In 2004, more than 125 people died in Kenya from eating maize with aflatoxin B1 concentrations as high as 4,400 parts per billion - 220 times the Kenyan limit for foods Lewis et al. [22]. The maize implicated in this outbreak was harvested during unseasonable early rains and stored under wet conditions conducive to mold growth and therefore aflatoxin contamination CDC [23]. Previous outbreaks in Kenya and India have also been attributable to unseasonable, heavy rain during harvest Krishnamachari et al. [24]; Ngindu et al. [25].

Insect-Pests: The dynamics of insect-pests are also strongly coupled with environmental conditions. Insects do not use their metabolism to maintain their body temperature, and are dependent on ambient temperature to control their body temperature. Temperature is therefore the single most important environmental factor influencing insect behaviour, distribution, development and survival, and reproduction. Insect life stage predictions are calculated on accumulated degree days, which is a function of both time and temperature. Increased temperature can speed up the life cycle of insects leading to a faster increase in pest populations. It has been estimated that a 2°C increase in temperature has the potential to increase the number of insect life cycles during the crop season by one to five times Petzoldt and Seaman [26]; Bale et al. [27]; Porter et al. [28]. The feeding rate of many arthropod vectors increases at higher temperatures, thus increasing exposure of crops to mycotoxigenic fungi thereby increasing the spread of mycotoxins Bale et al. [27]; Dowd [29]. The increased global warming and drought incidences will favour insect proliferation and herbivory, which will likely increase the incidence and severity of insect related damages as well as aflatoxin and fumonisin mycotoxins in maize. Higher average temperatures have the potential to change the geographical distribution of crops. This may in turn result in an expansion of the geographical distribution of insect-pests and their associated pathogens (e.g. maize streak virus, corn stunt complex that are vectored by different species of leaf hoppers), resulting in a change in the geographical distribution of diseases.

Strategies for Mitigating Climate Related Effects of Biotic Stresses on Maize Yields: Breeding for disease and insect resistance requires an understanding of parasite biology and ecology, disease cycles and drivers influencing the evolution of plant-pathogen interactions, because unlike abiotic stresses, biotic stress resistance is influenced by genetic variability in the pest/ pathogen population. As a result of the evolving pest/pathogen populations and the changes in fitness favouring new pathotypes/ biotypes, improving resistance to biotic stresses has been a longterm focus of agricultural researchers. The long-term success of conventional and molecular breeding for disease or insect-pest resistance will depend on a more in‐depth and clear understanding of: (i) the nature of the pathogen/insect-pest, and diversity of virulence in the populations; (ii) the availability, diversity and type of genetic resistance; (iii) availability of suitable sites (hot spots), screening methodologies/protocols for generating adequate disease/insect‐pest pressures and tracking resistance; (iv) selection environments and methodologies for rapidly generating multiple stress resistant inbred lines, and their use in hybrid or variety development. Significant progress has been made over the decades in the identification of stable genetic resistance for major maize diseases Dowswell et al. [30]. However, the population structure of most maize pathogens remains inadequately characterized. Also, concerted efforts are required to widely test the available sources of resistance in multiple and relevant environments to expose them to a wide spectrum of pathogen strains and to facilitate identification of the most suitable resistance genes/alleles for use in the breeding programs [31]. Research at CIMMYT is focused on multi‐location phenotyping of a common set of 500 maize inbred lines for some prioritized diseases, namely GLS (gray leaf spot), TLB (Turcicum leaf blight), MSV (maize streak virus), and ear rots, across more than 15 locations in Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Asia. This will help identify stable sources of resistance to key diseases and identify key phenotyping sites for future research. Using a common set of genotypes across environments will also provide the ability to monitor and detect emergence of new pathogen strains that will be registered as shifts in disease pressure and emerging new diseases, and how the environmental characteristics impacts pest biology and prevalence. CIMMYT has also developed several insectpest resistant populations, inbred lines, and varieties, especially for the stem borers and post-harvest insect pests (weevils and grain borers) through projects such as Insect Resistant Maize for Africa (IRMA). In addition, several inbred lines have been developed combining resistance to stem borers and storage pests.

Conclusion

Adaptation to climate change requires cross‐disciplinary solutions that include the development of appropriate germplasm and mechanism to facilitate to farmers access to germplasm. Seed production and deployment, effective policies and management strategies at the country, regional and international levels will all be required to ensure that the technologies reach the intended beneficiaries and make the desired impacts. Varieties with increased resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses will play an important role in autonomous adaptation to climate change. Over fifty years ago scientists were able to offset yield losses by up to 40% through the development of improved germplasm and management options. Today, scientists are faced with an even harder challenge-to meet the needs of future generations in the face of both population growth and climate change. While this challenge is immense, the advancement in molecular and phenotyping tools combined with the vast accumulated knowledge on mechanisms responsible for yield loss will provide a solid foundation to achieve increases in productivity within maize systems.

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theusurpersdog · 6 years ago

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The Battle of Winterfell

Okay, I’m gonna be honest, I didn’t particularly care for this episode. I came into it so hyped, because Miguel Sapochnik was in charge of the most important episode of the series to date and he has yet to disappoint, but in hindsight I realized this episode was never going to work. Not that I disliked the whole thing, because there were some moments which I absolutely love, but overall this episode was poorly conceptualized and executed even worse. Below the cut I’ll explain why I disliked it, and how I think the show could have done better. . .

First, I think this episode was poorly executed in the writing room, not by the actors, directors, and behind-the-scenes crew. Watching the Game Revealed for this episode shows just how incredible the crew behind this show is, and its a shame that all that excellent work was largely wasted by D&D.

Visually speaking though, this episode was stunning. The shots of Drogon and Rhaegal against the sky, lighting wights on fire, is legitimately breathtaking. Arya’s parkour is also stunning. Miguel Sapochnik and everyone else involved really did not disappoint, as far as they could carry the episode.

To me, this episode failed on two fronts: its approach to characters, and its approach to the battle.

Characters

The biggest problem this episode had, is that it approached its characters through the lens of the action, and not the action through the lens of its characters. While D&D promised many character moments, there was only one - the Hound deciding to toughen up because Arya was in danger. Otherwise, all of the “character beats” were slow motion shots of people reacting to the battle. Those moments, its important to note, do not come from scripting - those scenes were Miguel Sapochnik desperately trying to ground his action within the emotions of his characters. But these scenes fail to carry the emotional burden the episode needed, because they are entirely generic; that’s what I mean when I say D&D did not consider the action through their characters. None of the scenes in these episodes were written from the perspective of “How would Jon, Daenerys, Tyrion, Sansa, et al, react and how does that change our episode?”, they were all written from the perspective of “These are the exact events we are going to have, what room does that leave for character expression?” - and of course, the answer was very little. Arya’s plotline this episode comes the closest to personalized, and even that falls very short. Listening to the Inside the Episode, the idea behind Arya’s story was “what if we took away her characteristics, what is she left with?” which leads to more near death fake outs, but prevents any real character moments. They intentionally took her back to season one Arya, instead of incorporating 7 years of growth into her scenes.

Compare that approach to a previous episode, Blackwater, written by George Martin. Every single scene in that episode (except the dude bro scene with Bronn that GRRM was forced to write) is designed to show you something about Stannis, Davos, Cersei, Tyrion, or Sansa. It was a battle written specifically to highlight its characters. The perfect scene to highlight this difference is Sansa in the Sept during Blackwater, vs Sansa in the crypts during The Long Night. Sansa was not written to be useless this episode; her line “I will not abandon my people” combined with the unaired scenes of her killing wights, is quite enough evidence that the intent of D&D was to feature her. Yet, in the finished product, its very clear that D&D really didn’t understand how to feature her; the scenes in the crypts are entirely superfluous, because they exist solely to include Tyrion and Sansa. Whereas in Blackwater, GRRM wrote the scenes to highlight Sansa’s leadership, kindness, bravery, loyalty, and compassion. She is not even included in the “battle” portion of the episode, but many of her very best lines are from that episode and its corresponding book chapters - because GRRM worked the battle around his characters, instead of D&D who worked their characters around the battle. D&D genuinely didn’t know how to include scenes in this episode that weren’t action, and The Long Night suffered greatly for it. The best way to fix this problem would have been to re-examine each scene from a character’s perspective based on their specific story arc over 7 1/2 seasons. D&D were too focused on the base concept of fear, on how everyone is just terrified of death personified, that they forgot each character has their own story. Like I previously said, only the Hound has a scene like this, where we understand his specific reaction based on his specific story arc.

This episode also failed to incorporate its characters even when the action called for it. While my above complaint is that D&D couldn’t look outside the action to make room for characters, this one is similar but slightly different - even when the action would have been greatly improved by individualized character beats, D&D chose to ignore that in favor of straight battle sequences. The obvious example of this is Daenerys, and her complete ambivalence in the face of Viserion. The only time her character was allowed to influence her scenes this episode, is when she as a Khaleesi decided she could not watch her Khalasar slaughtered; and the only reason that was included, was an excuse to get the battle rolling as D&D envisioned it. But wouldn’t dragon vs dragon content in this episode have greatly benefited from an emotionally bereft Daenerys? I am far from her biggest stan, but it is truly a slap in the face to pretend as if one of her dragons dying, and then being brought back to try and kill her, would not almost kill Daenerys. The dragons are her children; she looks at them and sees herself reflected back, both the good and the bad. Her self worth and importance is tied to them. To not only lose one, but to see it turned against her, is a scene literally begging to be about Daenerys’ loss. And yet, her emotional connection to Viserion is completely irrelevant to her battle with the Night King.

The previous complaints I’ve had with this episode were all things I think would have been relatively easy to fix within the episode itself, but the next problem I have has been building since season one, and was probably unfixable by season 6. And that problem is of Bran, Jon, and the Night King. Obviously I don’t know what GRRM’s plans for the Others are, but I am very sure Bran is at the heart of it. Don’t get me wrong, it was amazing to see a Stark defeat the Night King; but, if we are being honest with ourselves, it was the wrong Stark. Since the start of the series, when we see the Night’s Watch deserter executed through Bran’s eyes, he has been the narrator of the Others. Yet for some reason, D&D made the decision in s1 that they weren’t going to include Northern Mysticism, or Bran’s more supernatural elements. They pretty much eliminated Warging from the show completely (which is entirely unthinkable in the books). By cutting Bran off from his plot with the Others, they filled his role with Jon. Now, Jon is very connected to the North and weirwoods and that sort of high fantasy element, but he is not connected to the White Walkers directly. Jon Snow has never even faced a White Walker in the books, compared to his show counterpart who has had run-ins with the Night King since s5. By making Jon a much more stereotypical Action Hero, they’ve already gutted what the White Walkers are in the books. Once they left Bran out of s5, there really was no going back. To me, its obvious that at some point midway through the show, D&D realized from GRRM just how important Bran was to the fight against the AotD, but it was too late to do anything about it. So Bran being in the Godswood, after an extremely vague explanation of why the Night King wants to kill him, was their desperate attempt to pick up the pieces. That left D&D with only one other option for taking out the Night King - shock value. They literally say as much in the Inside the Episode. All of the above doesn’t even mention how big a problem the Night King existing at all is, but it is a huge problem. The Night’s King, from the books, is not some all powerful figure; he is a man, who made a very stupid choice out of love. The Night’s King story is a deeply personal tale, which most likely revolves around a Stark, which ties the story back to our main characters (specifically Bran). By changing the Night’s King story into one centralized White Walker villain, they took away all the personality of the White Walkers while simultaneously pinning the entire narrative onto one character (which can only lead to an unsatisfactory ending).

The Battle

Now that I’ve explained why I dislike the character element of The Long Night, lets break down why the battle itself falls short. . .

They played this way too straightforward. If they weren’t going to ground this episode within emotional stakes and payoffs, they had to be way more creative within the battle itself. I know Dan Weiss gave his “reasons” for not including Ice Spiders, but they were stupid (for anyone who hasn’t seen the article, he said they didn’t think they could animate giant spiders well); Lord of the Rings came out more than 15 years ago and Shelob was very well done, and you’re telling me that Game of Thrones couldn’t pull them off?

Ice Spiders isn’t the only thing they could have done though. GRRM’s story is some Cthulu level horror and heavy metal stuff, and D&D should have embraced those elements. The shots of the dragons fighting worked so well because it was a visually new experience, but D&D scripted way too much melee fighting to be the backbone of the episode. Sapochnik did the best he could to make it stimulating throughout, but as an audience this can only be entertaining for so long. And D&D were obviously very attached to making this episode feature length, regardless - what I’m saying is, an editor needed to be more involved in the final cut.

#game of thrones #A Song of Ice and Fire #jonsa

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magratpudifoot · 6 years ago

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Anti-Love Collection Track List

Below the cut is a list of every track on every disc of the Anti-Love Album. I thought pretty seriously about going through and linking to music videos and bandcamp and whatnot, but, yeah, that’s not happening tonight.

Disc One(Chaotic/Static Cling Enterprises)

1. Could You Use Me? Harry Groener and Jodi Benson 2. Hit the Road, Jack Ray Charles and the Raelettes 3. Down with Love Caxton Swing 4. You're No Good Linda Ronstadt 5. It Ain't Me, Babe The Turtles 6. Already Gone The Eagles 7. Paradise By the Dashboard Light Meatloaf 8. Don't Believe a Word Andy Taylor 9. I Will Survive Gloria Gaynor 10. I've Done Everything for You Rick Springfield 11. Love Stinks The J. Geils Band 12. Don't You Want Me The Human League 13. Goodbye to You Scandal 14. Love's Been a Little Bit Hard on Me Juice Newton 15. I Could Be Happy Altered Images 16. What Do All the People Know The Monroes 17. Jukebox (Don't Put Another Dime) The Flirts 18. No More Words Berlin 19. She Don't Love Nobody Nick Lowe 20. So In Love Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark 21. Let Your Love Go Bread

Disc Two(Chaotic/Static Cling Enterprises) 1. Would I Lie to You Eurythmics 2. Keep Your Hands to Yourself The Georgia Satellites 3. Twisting They Might Be Giants 4. I Don't Want Your Love Duran Duran 5. One More Minute Weird Al Yankovic 6. What Part of No Cactus Country 7. Itty Bitty Little Single Solitary Piece O' My Heart Lari White 8. That Was Yesterday Wynonna Judd 9. Jane Barenaked Ladies 10. Better Things to Do Terri Clark 11. Bury the Shovel Clay Walker 12. No News Lonestar 13. Spiderwebs No Doubt 14. She Won't Change Her Mind The Band with Rocks In 15. Me Neither Brad Paisley 16. Waste Smash Mouth 17. Goodbye Earl Dixie Chicks 18. Giving up on Love Ataris 19. Kiss This Aaron Tippin 20. Last Chance to Lose Your Keys Brand New 21. It's Only Me (The Wizard of Magicland) Barenaked Ladies

Disc Three(Aberration, Inc.) 1. Can't Hold Us Down Christina Aguilera feat. Lil Kim 2. The Frug Rilo Kiley 3. A Man/Me/Then Jim �� Rilo Kiley 4. Nothing Came Out The Mouldy Peaches 5. All That She Wants Ace of Base 6. You Oughta Know Alanis Morissette 7. The More You Ruv Someone Avenue Q 8. Roses Outkast 9. Day Tripper Live 10. Sexx Laws Beck 11. Vienna Billy Joel 12. Sunday Girl Blondie 13. You Don't Own Me The Blow Monkeys 14. You Give Love a Bad Name Bon Jovi 15. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons Cat Empire 16. Girls Just Wanna Have Fun Cyndi Lauper 17. Mix Tape Avenue Q 18. 31st & M The Daycare Stranglers 19. Fuck It (I Don't Want You Back) Eamon 20. Inside Out Eve 6 21. Beep The Pussycat Dolls feat. will.i.am

Disc Four(Aberration, Inc.) 1. Just One of Those Things Frank Sinatra 2. Just Friends Gavin Degraw 3. Defying Gravity Idina Menzel and Kristin Chenoweth 4. Sugar Tick Tick Boom Cast 5. Gold Digger Kanye West feat. Jamie Foxx 6. Bag of Money The Low Life 7. Scotty Doesn't Know Lustra 8. I'm So Alone The Mad Caddies 9. World at Large Modest Mouse 10. Get Over It OK Go 11. People Got to Be Free The Rascals 12. Tainted Love Soft Cell 13. Don't Do Me Like That Tom Petty 14. What's Love Got to Do with It Tina Turner 15. He Wasn't Man Enough Toni Braxton 16. Undone (The Sweater Song) Weezer 17. Funny Honey Renee Zellweger 18. I'll Never Be Jealous Again Reta Shaw and Eddie Foy, Jr. 19. Everyone Else Has Had More Sex Than Me Ambient Irony 20. Dirty Little Secret All American Rejects

Disc Five(Chaotic/Static Cling Enterprises) 1. Will you Love Me Tomorrow The Shirelles 2. Desperate But Not Serious Adam Ant 3. Ready to Run Dixie Chicks 4. I'm Gonna Miss Her Brad Paisley 5. Love Is Hell Ryan Adams 6. It Ain't None of Your Business Missing Persons 7. Stupid Boy Keith Urban 8. Before He Cheats Carrie Underwood 9. You Don't Love Me Anymore Weird Al Yankovic 10. The Song That Goes Like This Christopher Sieber and Sara Ramirez 11. (I'm Gonna) Run Away Joan Jett and the Blackhearts 12. I'm Not in Love Talking Heads 13. You Keep Me Hangin' On Kim Wilde 14. Don't Let's Start Common Rotation 15. That's Enough of That Mila Mason 16. Leave in Silence Depeche Mode 17. Sign of the Times The Belle Stars 18. Break Your Heart Barenaked Ladies 19. Signs of Life Journey 20. Cell Block Tango The Six Merry Murderesses of Cook County Jail

Disc Six(Aberration, Inc.) 1. Designated Drinker Alan Jackson and George Strait 2. Video Game Heart All Girl Summer Fun Band 3. Twisting They Might Be Giants 4. Fighter Christina Aguilera 5. Found Out About You Gin Blossom 6. What Is This Feeling Kristin Chenoweth and Idina Menzel 7. Therapy Amy Spranger and Raul Esparza 8. Since U Been Gone Kelly Clarkson 9. Number One John Legend feat. Kanye West 10. Material Girl Madonna 11. Build Me Up, Buttercup The Goops 12. Schadenfreude Natalie Venetia Belcon and Rick Lyon 13. Happy Now Gwen Stefani 14. Why Don't You Get a Job Offspring 15. Cry Me a River Justin Timberlake 16. Ugly Ugly Mustache Girl The Skakabobs 17. You Don't Know How It Feels Tom Petty 18. Pink Triangle Weezer 19. Let Me Be Lonely Will Hoge 20. Buttons The Pussycat Dolls 21. My Love (The Christian Bale Experience) Sweet Tired Kitten

Disc Seven(Chaotic/Static Cling Enterprises) 1. Let's Hear It For Love Smoking Popes 2. She Hates Me Puddle of Mudd 3. In and Out of My Life (In a Day) The Pandoras 4. Cry of the Wild Goose Frankie Laine 5. Way Away Yellowcard 6. Blue Monday New Order 7. Kerosene Miranda Lambert 8. Don't Shed a Tear Paul Carrack 9. Ghost of Love The Proclaimers 10. I Write Sins Not Tragedies Panic at the Disco 11. Smile Lily Allen 12. Goodbye Says It All BlackHawk 13. Careless Memories Duran Duran 14. Nowhere Girl B-Movie 15. Hard to Be a Husband, Hard to Be a Wife Chely Wright and Brad Paisley 16. Not About Love Fiona Apple 17. Take Out the Trash They Might Be Giants 18. U + Ur Hand Pink 19. Good News Neurotic Outsiders 20. Love You Jack Ingram 21. Time for Me to Fly REO Speedwagon 22. What Is This Thing Called Love? John Barrowman

Disc Eight(Aberration, Inc.) 1. Stripped, Part 2 Christina Aguilera 2. Girls Lie, Too Terri Clark 3. What Goes Around Comes Around Justin Timberlake 4. Believe Cher 5. Subtract One Love (Multiply the Heartaches) Cake 6. Knock 'Em Out Lily Allen 7. All That She Wants Ace of Base 8. You Don't Love Me The Kooks 9. You're So Damn Hot OK Go 10. Billie Jean Michael Jackson 11. Losin' You Amy Millan 12. Oh, Goddamnit Hot Hot Heat 13. You Oughta Know Alanis Morissette 14. You Don't Own Me The Blow Monkeys 15. Girls Beastie Boys 16. Next Ex-Girlfriend Bowling for Soup 17. Never There Cake 18. You Are Everything The Low Life

Disc Nine(Chaotic/Static Cling Enterprises) 1. Love Potion No. 9 The Searchers 2. My Lovin' (You're Never Gonna Get It) En Vogue 3. Liberty Duran Duran 4. Da Da Da I Don't Love You You Don't Love Me Aha Aha Aha Trio 5. Hole in My Head Dixie Chicks 6. Your Woman White Town 7. Murderess Power Station 8. Good as Gone Little Big Town 9. One Night in Bangkok Murray Head 10. Endicott Kid Creole & the Coconuts 11. Kiss You Off Scissor Sisters 12. I'll Take You Back Brad Paisley 13. New Toy Lene Lovich 14. Every Word Means No Let's Active 15. Broke in Two They Might Be Giants 16. My Friends Johnny Depp and Helena Bonham Carter 17. He Can't Quit Her Gary Allan 18. When You're in Love The Proclaimers 19. Don't Think You'll Be Missed Aileen Stanley with the Virginians 20. Why Say Anything Nice? Barenaked Ladies

Disc Ten(Aberration, Inc.) 1. Don't Trust Me 3OH!3 2. Atari Lucky Boys Confusion 3. Get Over It OK Go 4. So What Pink 5. Have I Been a Fool Jack Penate 6. Flavor of the Weak American Hi-Fi 7. There's a Fine, Fine Line Stephanie D'Abrazzo 8. 99 Problems Jay-Z 9. Don't Want You Back Backstreet Boys 10. You Turn the Screws Cake 11. Breakin' Up Rilo Kiley 12. More Boys I Meet Carrie Underwood 13. They'll Need a Crane They Might Be Giants 14. Should've Said No Taylor Swift 15. Hound Dog Elvis Presley 16. Take Me or Leave Me Rent 17. Your Kisses are Wasted on Me The Pipettes 18. Just a Girl No Doubt 19. Bust Your Windows Jazmine Sullivan 20. Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) Beyonce Knowles 21. There You Go Pink

Disc Eleven(Chaotic/Static Cling Enterprises) 1. I Hate Myself for Loving You Joan Jett 2. Her Royal Majesty James Darren 3. What If I'm Right? Sandi Thom 4. I Hear You Knockin' Fats Domino 5. Go Your Own Way Fleetwood Mac 6. He'll Have to Stay Jeanne Black 7. Du Hast Rammstein 8. Ampersand Amanda Palmer 9. Another Girl The Beatles 10. Can't Do It Today Gary Allan 11. No Scrubs TLC 12. Cold Cold Heart Tony Bennett 13. Gunpowder and Lead Miranda Lambert 14. True Romance She Wants Revenge 15. Brand New Lover Dead or Alive 16. Ex-Girlfriend No Doubt 17. Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit Neil Patrick Harris, et al 18. Don't Say You Love Me Erasure 19. Red Rubber Ball Cyrkle 20. Strange Reba McEntire 21. Mr. Spock Nerf Herder 22. See You Later Alligator Bill Haley and His Comets

Disc Twelve(Aberration, Inc.) 1. Right as Rain Adele 2. She Ain't Got LeToya Luckett 3. Fly on the Wall Miley Cyrus 4. Telephone Lady Gaga feat. Beyoncé 5. Love Drunk Boys Like Girls 6. Bye Bye JoDee Messina 7. Analysis of a 1970s Divorce David Dondero 8. I'm Not Crying Flight of the Conchords 9. Every Breath You Take Police 10. You Owe Me an IOU Hot Hot Heat 11. It's Over John Legend feat. Kanye West 12. Mood Ring Relient K 13. Picture to Burn Taylor Swift 14. Gives You Hell All American Rejects 15. Hit Em Up Style Blu Cantrell 16. Beautiful Girls Sean Kingston 17. It's Oh So Quiet Bjork 18. Pastures Lil' Justice

Disc Thirteen(Chaotic/Static Cling Enterprises) 1. Fox on the Run Sweet 2. Angel in Your Arms Hot 3. Say It Right Nelly Furtado 4. Gimme Three Steps Lynyrd Skynyrd 5. Heartbreaker Pat Benatar 6. Don't Bet Money, Honey Linda Scott 7. Two Out of Three Ain't Bad Meatloaf 8. Too Many Fish in the Sea The Marvelettes 9. Pet Name They Might Be Giants 10. Cold as Ice Foreigner 11. Jezebel Frankie Laine 12. Dark Lady Cher 13. (She's So) Selfish The Knack 14. Evil Woman Electric Light Orchestra 15. Lipstick on Your Collar Connie Francis 16. Stereo John Legend 17. Too Fast James Marsters 18. I Don't Wanna Go on with You Like That Elton John 19. It's My Life Talk Talk 20. Cold Hearted Paula Abdul

Disc Fourteen: Suck It, Marshall(Chaotic/Static Cling Enterprises) 1. Told You So Barenaked Ladies 2. The Sign Ace of Base 3. Bulletproof La Roux 4. Victim of Love Erasure 5. I'll Never Fall in Love Again Kristin Chenoweth and Sean Hayes 6. Are You Fucking Kidding Me? Kate Miller-Heidke 7. Leeds United Amanda Palmer and the Born Again Horny Men of Edinburgh 8. Bringin' Me Down Andy Taylor 9. Alejandro Lady Gaga 10. Go Where You Wanna Go The Mamas and the Papas 11. Hate on Me Jill Scott 12. Shop Around Smokey Robinson and the Miracles 13. Anti-Love Song Raven-Symoné 14. Don't Come Around Here No More Tom Petty 15. King of Anything Sara Bareilles 16. Endgame Tommy Körberg and Barbara Dickson 17. I Am a Rock Simon and Garfunkel 18. Don't Ask Me OK Go 19. Gonna Get Along Without Ya Now Patience and Prudence 20. I Quit Hepburn 21. The Mixed Tape Jack's Mannequin

Disc Fourteen-and-a-Half: The Robot Falls in Love (Static Cling) 1. Rolling in the Deep Adele 2. Rolling in the Deep David Choi 3. Rolling in the Deep Jodie Aysha 4. Rolling in the Deep Kina Grannis 5. Rolling in the Deep David Cook 6. Rolling in the Deep Wonderland 7. Rolling in the Deep PS22 Chorus feat. Denise 8. Rolling in the Deep Adele, Jay-Z, Biggie Smalls, and Voodoo Farm 9. Rolling in the Deep Tahj Mowry 10. Rolling in the Deep Tim Halperin 11. Rolling in the Deep Melissa Tojones 12. Rolling in the Deep Mike Posner 13. Rolling in the Deep Chris Ning 14. Rolling in the Deep Haley Reinhart 15. Rolling in the Deep Darius Dante 16. Rolling in the Deep John Legend 17. Rolling in the Deep (live on Ellen) Adele

Disc Fifteen(Aberration, Inc.)

1. Just You Wait My Fair Lady 2. You Can Make Him Like You The Hold Steady 3. Like a Boy Ciara 4. Marionette The Marvelettes 5. Through with You Maroon 5 6. Bye Bye Baby Janis Joplin 7. Let It Die Foo Fighters 8. Blow It Out Ludacris 9. Take It Easy (Love Nothing) Bright Eyes 10. The Line Skakabobs 11. Fuck You Cee Lo Green 12. Grenade Bruno Mars 13. Jar of Hearts Christina Perri 14. Love the Way You Lie Eminem feat. Rihanna 15. Potential Break-Up song Aly & AJ 16. Cooler Than Me Mike Posner 17. What the Hell Avril Lavigne 18. Tired Adele 19. My Give a Damn's Busted JoDee Messina 20. Ignorance Paramore 21. Hot and Cold Katy Perry

Disc Sixteen(Chaotic/Static Cling Enterprises) 1. Almost Sorry Scissor Sisters 2. Drama! Erasure 3. Stop Draggin' My Heart Around Stevie Nicks and Tom Petty 4. Runaway Baby Bruno Mars 5. I Have Learned Barenaked Ladies 6. All Cried Out Redux Jill Scott (feat. Doug E. Fresh) 7. If Only Grey Delisle and Neil Patrick Harris 8. Nobody's Side Elaine Paige and Murray Head 9. Human Charlene Kaye 10. Maneater Hall & Oates 11. Mr. Big Stuff Jean Knight 12. Used to Love U John Legend 13. Bad Medicine Bon Jovi 14. Treat Me Right Pat Benatar 15. We'll Sing in the Sunshine Gale Garnett 16. The Last Song Tim Halperin 17. Bills, Bills, Bills Darren Criss and the Warblers 18. Modern Girl Sheena Easton 19. Chain of Fools Aretha Franklin 20. Dreams Be Dreams Jack Johnson

Disc Seventeen(Chaotic/Static Cling Enterprises) 1. Dead Memories Slipknot 2. Poison Alice Cooper 3. Paper Gangsta Lady Gaga 4. Maneater Nelly Furtado 5. These Boots Are Made for Walkin' Nancy Sinatra 6. 50 Ways to Leave Your Lover Paul Simon 7. Stutter Joe Walker 8. Solitaire Laura Branigan 9. Runaround Sue Dion and the Beltones 10. Life Goes On Little Texas 11. Me Party Amy Adams and Eric Jacobsen 12. Coin-Operated Boy The Dresden Dolls 13. Smoochy Smoochy Pukey Pukey Harry and the Potters 14. I Know There's Something Going On Frida 15. Evil Ways Santana 16. Your Cheating Heart Joni James 17. Harden My Heart Quarterflash 18. Rest in Peace James Marsters 19. That'll Be the Day Linda Ronstadt 20. (I'm Not Your) Stepping Stone The Monkees 21. Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye Steam

Disc Seventeen-Plus(Static Cling) 1. Ready to Go (excerpt) Nicholas Strauss and Brian Holden 2. Please Don't Touch Me Megan Mullally 3. I Want You, But I Don't Need You Momus 4. The Longest Text Message Childish Gambino 5. Makin' Whoopie Amanda Palmer 6. Fuck You/Gonna Get Over You Sara Bareilles 7. Getting Rid of Britta Eric Christian Olsen, Chevy Chase, and Tom Wolfe 8. Geek in the Pink Jason Mraz 9. Look It Up Ashton Shepherd 10. Poison Bel Biv DeVoe 11. Used to Love Her Guns N' Roses 12. Irreplaceable Beyoncé (feat. Ghostface Killah) 13. How to Write a Love Song Axis of Awesome 14. The Girl Next Door (To Everybody Else) George Watsky 15. I'm Tired Madeline Kahn 16. Jubilation Day Steve Martin and the Steep Canyon Rangers 17. Making Circles Christian Kane 18. Tyrone Erykah Badu 19. The Rake's Song The Decemberists 20. The Succubus Isaac Hayes and Trey Parker 21. There Ain't Nothing Like a Dick Nicholas Strauss and Devin Lytle

Disc Eighteen(Static Cling) 1. She Runs Tim Halperin 2. Boy Toy Tanya and the Hot Girls 3. Misery Maroon 5 4. Grown Man Cry Amanda Palmer and the Grand Theft Orchestra 5. Ooh La La Counting Crows 6. The Truth About Love P!nk 7. Bones Gary Allan 8. Good Girl Carrie Underwood 9. I Don't Think She's in Love Anymore Charlie Pride 10. I'm Not Your Toy La Roux 11. Kids Childish Gambino 12. Lesson in Leavin' Jo Dee Messina 13. Mockingbird Rob Thomas 14. Say You're Sorry Sara Bareilles 15. Can't Wait to Say No to You TalkFine 16. You Lie The Band Perry 17. I'll Feel a Whole Let Better The Byrds 18. Turn on the Radio Reba McEntire 19. Bye Bye Baby OK Go 20. Leave the Pieces The Wreckers

Disc Nineteen(Static Cling) 1. Rumour Has It Adele 2. Woman Up Charlene Kaye 3. No Surprise Daughtry 4. Nylons in a Rip Nikka Costa 5. How Am I Doin'? Dierks Bentley 6. Hermione The Moaning Myrtles 7. Baby Don't Get Hooked on Me Mac Davis 8. The Apartment Song Tom Petty 9. I'm Like a Bird Nelly Furtado 10. At Seventeen Janis Ian 11. Le Disko Shiny Toy Guns 12. Strippers Ghost of the Robot 13. You Don't Like Me They Might Be Giants 14. Shame on You Jerry Minor 15. The More I Learn (The Less I Understand About Love) Ronna Reeves 16. Bad Blood Natalie Lungley 17. To Be a Man Brian Holden and Joseph Walker 18. Her Daddy Was a Dalek, Her Mummy Was a Non-Stick Frying Pan Martin Gordon 19. Men The Forester Sisters 20. Rashida Jones Prometheus Brown and Bambu 21. All You Really Need Is Love Brad Paisley 22. Alone with You Jake Owen 23. Wind It Up Barenaked Ladies

Disc Twenty(Static Cling) 1. You Will See Me dan le sac Vs Scroobius Pip 2. Pumpkin Soup Kate Nash 3. Girls Ain't Nothing but Trouble The Fresh Prince and DJ Jazzy Jeff 4. Sigh No More Catherine Tate and David Tennant 5. Tough Goodbye Gary Allan 6. Survivor Destiny's Child 7. Trade Mistakes Panic at the Disco 8. I Don't Wanna Be in Love Good Charlotte 9. Poison Apple Charlene Kaye 10. Hey Robin, Jolly Robin Paterson Joseph 11. Sitting, Waiting, Wishing Jack Johnson 12. Blow Me (One Last Kiss) P!nk 13. Better off with Him A 14. Let Her Rip Dixie Chicks 15. Don't Think Twice It's All Right Bob Dylan 16. Shut Up Black Eyed Peas 17. I Hate Everything About You Three Day's Grace 18. Eden Sara Bareilles 19. Amsterdam Guster 20. Erase Me Ben Folds Five 21. Good Day The Dresden Dolls

Disc Twenty.Five: Keep Your Hands off Will You Damn Fancy Cannibal(Static Cling) 1. Goldberg Variations: Aria Glenn Gould 2. Sympathy for the Devil The Rolling Stones 3. Fee Fi Fo The Cranberries 4. Civilized Man James Marsters 5. A Place Called Home Kim Richey 6. Gravity The Dresden Dolls 7. For Reasons Unknown The Killers 8. A Formidable Marinade Mikelangelo and the Black Sea Gentlemen 9. Your Own Worst Enemy They Might Be Giants 10. Temptation VAST 11. Exterminate, Regenerate Chameleon Circuit 12. Thankless Job Anthony Stewart Head 13. Demons Guster 14. Let's Kill Tonight Panic at the Disco 15. Crime and Passion Duran Duran 16. Polly Nirvana 17. Hello, My Treacherous Friends OK Go 18. I Know Things Now Danielle Ferland 19. Monster Lady Gaga 20. One Tiny Thing 8in8 21. Stand By Me Mona 22. Vide Cor Meum Patrick Cassidy 23. Hannibal (Censored) oswinlost

Disc Twenty-One: The Oklahoma Legacy OR Musical Anachronism(Static Cling) 1. Girl in a Country Song Maddie & Tae 2. Mister Nice Guy Invisible Inc. 3. You Don't Know What Love Is (You Just Do As You're Told) The White Stripes 4. What You Call Love Guster 5. Because It's Not Love (But It's Still a Feeling) The Pipettes 6. Upside Down Barenaked Ladies 7. Lasso Sister Sparrow and the Dirty Birds 8. Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down) Nico Vega 9. If Your Kisses Can't Hold the Man That You Love Rasputina 10. Epiphany Chrisette Michele 11. Wishing He Was Dead The Like 12. Stunner dan le sac Vs Scroobius Pip 13. Forgot to Laugh Bridgit Mendler 14. Delayed Devotion Duffy 15. Switch TLC 16. I Love It Icona Pop feat. Charli XCX 17. Leaving You Behind Amanda Blank 18. Love Don't Love You En Vogue 19. Drowning Banks 20. Building a Wall Brian d'Arcy James 21. Truce The Dresden Dolls

Disc Twenty-Two(Static Cling) 1. Dickhead Kate Nash 2. Love Is Like a Bottle of Gin The Magnetic Fields 3. Same Old Love Selena Gomez 4. Burn Phillipa Soo 5. Turn Me Loose Loverboy 6. So Long Guster 7. Free Fallin' Tom Petty 8. Love Sick Bob Dylan 9. Look for the Woman dan le sac and Scroobius Pip 10. Opposite of Blue Raining Jane 11. Leave Barenaked Ladies 12. L.A. Devotee Panic at the Disco 13. How to Be a Heartbreaker Marina and the Diamonds 14. The Sad Truth Shauna Carrick 15. Here Alessia Cara 16. Hungover Heart Gary Allan 17. Cupid's Got a Shotgun Carrie Underwood 18. Ex's & Oh's Elle King 19. If This Is It Huey Lewis and the News 20. You Rascal You Hanni El Khatib 21. Merry Happy Kate Nash

Disc Twenty-Three(Static Cling) 1. Casanova (Your Playing Days Are Over) Ruby Andrews 2. You Finally Said Something Good (When You Said Goodbye) Teddy Thompson 3. Allez-vous En Kate & Anna McGarrigle 4. By the Sea Helena Bonham Carter and Johnny Depp 5. One Night Stand The Pipettes 6. You Can't Go By That Ricochet 7. Goodies Ciara feat. Petey Pablo 8. Neutron Dance Pointer Sisters 9. Trouble Avicii 10. Smoke Rings in the Dark Gary Allan 11. So Gone John Legend 12. You're Easy on the Eyes Terri Clark 13. Better to Leave Jordan Brown 14. Second Chance Shinedown 15. Ballad of Mr. Steak Kishi Bashi 16. Hunter's Kiss Rasputina 17. The Jeep Song The Dresden Dolls 18. My First Stalker Watsky 19. Parasites San Fermin 20. End Love OK Go

Disc Twenty-Four(Static Cling) 1. Doin' It By Myself Guster 2. Me, Myself, and I G-Eazy feat. Bebe Rexha 3. Duct Tape Heart Barenaked Ladies 4. Instant Pleasure Rufus Wainwright 5. Please Don't Tell Her Jason Mraz 6. Mr. Know It All Kelly Clarkson 7. Set Me Free Leela James 8. Turning Tables Adele 9. Hard Hearted Hannah Bea Arthur 10. Here I Go Again Whitesnake 11. 455 Rocket Kathy Matea 12. She Had the World Panic! at the Disco 13. Heartbeat Childish Gambino 14. Your Love Is a Lie Simple Plan 15. Flake Jack Johnson 16. Little Rock Reba McEntire 17. Four Little Diamonds Electric Light Orchestra 18. What Makes You Cry The Proclaimers 19. The Fog Overcoats 20. Sorry Beyonce 21. Motherfucker Got Fucked Up Folk Uke

Disc Twenty-Five(Static Cling) 1. Welcome to Hell Saoirse Ronan, Cecliy Strong, Kate McKinnon, Aidy Bryant 2. A Kiss Is Not a Contract Flight of the Conchords 3. Leave Me Alone The Veronicas 4. Simple Machine Guster 5. I'm Moving On Chyvonne Scott 6. Daddy Lessons Beyonce 7. As the Crow Flies Gary Allan 8. Five Minutes dan le sac vs. Scroobius Pip 9. Love Will Tear Us Apart Joy Division 10. Now I Know Lari White 11. That's My Girl Fifth Harmony 12. Bling Bling Junglepussy 13. Bye Bye Bye *NSync 14. It Was a Shit Show Santino Fontana 15. Paper Mache (Single A.F.) Miss Eaves 16. Daria Cake 17. Sleeping Beauty Helen Trevillion 18. Justice for Lavender Shauna Carrick 19. Philosopher San Fermin 20. No Means No (But So Do Other Things, Too!) Grumpy Princess 21. Flirtin' El Pus 22. Pink Lemonade Watsky with Invisible Inc. 23. Stake a Claim dan le sac vs. Scroobius Pip

#anti-love #music #music I love

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harvardfineartslib · 4 years ago

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“This whole notion of the disappeared, I think, is something that runs through my work. I’m very interested in absence and presence in the way that particularly black women’s experience and black women’s contribution to culture are so often erased and marginalized. So that it’s important for me as an individual, and obviously as a black woman artist, to put black women back in the center of the frame—both literally within the photographic image, but also within the cultural institutions where our work operates.” – Maud Sulter.

Women artists have been marginalized in art history and cultural institutions at large. In particular, women artists of color have had a hard time entering into the art world and having their work be recognized and appreciated.

The artists represented in this book, “Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body,” interrogate the representation of black female body in their work. The book explores how historical icons inform our perception of black female body, and how contemporary artists respond to the historical view on black female body by examining such themes as beauty, fertility, sexuality, maternity, and women’s power in society.

1) Image of cover. Work pictured is Maud Sulter's "Terpsichore", 1989

2) 2 page spread. Left shows Kara Walker's artist's book "Freedom: A Fable; A Curious Interpretation of the Wit of a Negress in Troubled Times," 1997. Right: Fazal Sheik, 1993-2002 photograph "Amina Alia Abdi and her son Mohammed, feeding center, Somali refugee camp, Mandera, Kenya."

3) 2 page spread. Left shows Carrie Mae Weems's "Untitled (From Here I Saw What Happened and I Cried)", 1995-96. Right shows Alison Saar's "Caché", 2006

Black womanhood : images, icons, and ideologies of the African body edited by Barbara Thompson ; with essays by Ifi Amadiume ... [et al.]. Hanover, N.H. : Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College ; Seattle : In association with University of Washington Press, c2008. 374 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 31 cm. English Issued in connection with an exhibition held Mar. 8-Sept. 7, 2008, Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, and at later dates, Davis Museum, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, and San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego, California. c2008 HOLLIS number: 990114140520203941

#blackwomenartists #blackfemalebody #blackwomanhood #contemporaryartists #blackartists #black artist #fineartslibrary #harvardfineartslib #harvardfineartslibrary #Harvard #harvard library

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aion-rsa · 4 years ago

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Fear the Walking Dead Season 6 Episode 10 Review: Handle with Care

https://ift.tt/eA8V8J

This Fear the Walking Dead review contains spoilers.

Fear the Walking Dead Season 6 Episode 10

If there’s been one, consistent failing of Fear the Walking Dead’s sixth season, it’s that the show’s original cast of characters have been sidelined in favor of newer arrivals like Morgan, John, Al, June, et al. While these new characters have featured in some of the show’s best episodes to date, that doesn’t mean Fear stalwarts like Alicia, Strand, and Daniel have no good stories left to tell. Indeed, what works so well about this week’s “Handle with Care” is that it puts everyone’s favorite barber front and center as he tries to uncover a possible traitor within the community’s walls. Amidst the growing distrust and paranoia, “Handle with Care” reminds us that old wounds often run very, very deep. And as we know, Daniel carries scars both seen and unseen. Throw him together with his frenemy Victor Strand, and Fear ably delivers a story with enough dread to spare.

Maybe it’s just me, but after watching six seasons of Fear, seeing this episode’s opening shots of Morgan’s agrarian utopia immediately sent up all kinds of red flags. Because as any fan of The Walking Dead universe knows, peace always comes at a price. Morgan (Lennie James) knows this, too, which is why he’s brought together Lawton and the Outcasts for a peaceful summit to find a way to take on the Enders together. Both groups need to follow Morgan’s house rules though—namely locking up their weapons before entering the settlement. By Morgan’s logic, without ready access to firearms, there’s less temptation to use them.

Leading an existence devoid of bloodshed is an admirable goal. With so much lingering resentment among the groups, though, Morgan has his work cut out for him. We know he’s up for the task, of course, which is why it’s crucial for Fear to remove him quickly from the equation. That he needs to retrieve a fetal monitor for Grace (Karen David) is immaterial (though it’s a little odd that such things are readily accessible in a zombie apocalypse). Because once Morgan leaves Daniel in charge, everything absolutely goes to hell.

But wait, you might ask. Doesn’t this episode open with Daniel in jail? It does! This circular narrative is an interesting choice, given that Daniel himself turns out to be such an unreliable narrator. Over the course of the hour, Rubén Blades takes us on Daniel’s unlikely (but very believable) journey from righteous accuser to the accused. And what a journey it is, thanks to Blades’ emotional performance. Colman Domingo easily stands toe to toe with him, making Strand’s anger and frustration just as believable.

While both characters have come a long way together (and yes, apart), their shared history is one filled with repeated lies and betrayal. After all, Strand did try to kill Daniel back in season 3’s finale. And Daniel has carried the burden of that painful memory—and even more painful recovery—for years. The way Daniel calmly enumerates the ways his jaw never fully healed is chilling. We expect him to pull the trigger, to finally succumb to the vengeance clouding his heart; indeed, he very nearly does.

Things take an unexpected turn when Daniel comes under intense scrutiny for insisting he told Grace and Charlie to hide in a remote fishing shack. Their testimony and Daniel’s own markings on the map suggest otherwise, though. To compound everyone’s confusion, it turns out that it was actually Daniel himself who stole the weapons from lockup and hid them in his own locked storage shed. Considering his feigned memory loss earlier in the season, it’s difficult to know when Daniel is telling the truth and when he’s acting. Morgan is willing to give him the benefit of the doubt, but he wants to be sure.

Which brings us to June (Jenna Elfman), who hasn’t been back inside the settlement since killing Virginia. “Handle with Care” finds June stepping into the role of Daniel’s therapist. She’s not just healing bodies, she’s healing minds. But Daniel believes he deserves to be behind bars; after all, he was a monster in his former life. It’s a small comfort that June believes his confusion and remorse are legitimate. Still, even if Daniel moved the weapons, is he also responsible for the explosion? After all, he did let those walkers into the settlement. What else is he capable of doing?

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Daniel realizes he has become a danger, not just to his friends, but also to the future success of the settlement itself. Blades delivers a brilliant performance in this scene as well. Once a ruthless survivor, Daniel is now broken and vulnerable. Maybe this is why Strand invites Daniel to stay at Lawton. Or, maybe Strand believes the old maxim about keeping friends close and enemies closer.

Whatever the case may be, I’m glad Fear is giving these original characters their due. As much as I love the newer arrivals, like Morgan, it’s good to acknowledge the characters (and their many defining imperfections) that got us here in the first place.

The post Fear the Walking Dead Season 6 Episode 10 Review: Handle with Care appeared first on Den of Geek.

from Den of Geek https://ift.tt/3dPULQE

#aion-rsa #Den of Geek

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juniperpublisherscasestudies · 4 years ago

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Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Case Studies

A Case Report of Multiple (29) Myomectomies

Authored by Kathpalia SK

Abstract

Fibroids uterus also called uterine leiomyoma are the most frequently encountered benign tumours of the uterus. Many fibroids are asymptomatic and are picked up on routine examination. Clinical features depend on number, size and location of the fibroids. Symptomatic fibroids may be managed medically or surgically. Hysterectomy by different routes is the commonest operation performed for fibroid uterus. Hysterectomy may not be the desired where uterus needs to be retained for different reasons. Removal of fibroids called myomectomy followed by reconstruction of uterus is the correct and desired mode of management in such cases. We report one such case where 29 fibroids of varying sizes were removed abdominally and uterus reconstructed in an unmarried girl who conceived spontaneously within one year of surgery after marriage. Vasopressin is effective in reducing the blood loss at the time of myomectomy. Mifepristone is a new mode of treating fibroids medically.

Keywords: Fibroid; Myomectomy; Mifepristone

Introduction

Fibroids uterus also called uterine leiomyoma are the most frequently encountered benign tumours of the uterus. Their incidence has been reported as high as 20% among women of reproductive age group [1]. Prevalence may be even higher if routine ultrasonography is performed among all women [2]. The fibroid may be single or multiple, some fibroids are small where as some may attain huge size that the woman may appear full term (Figure 1). Most of the fibroids are asymptomatic and are picked up on routine examination. Clinical features depend on number, size and location of the fibroids.

Symptomatic fibroids may be managed medically or surgically. Hysterectomy [3] by different routes is the commonest operation performed for fibroid uterus. Hysterectomy may not be the desired modality of treatment where uterus needs to be retained for future child bearing, menstrual function or for her strong willingness to retain the uterus. Removal of fibroids called myomectomy followed by reconstruction of uterus is the correct and desired mode of management in such cases. Fibroid/ fibroids may be removed by different routes like abdominally, laparoscopically or hysteroscopically.

First successful abdominal myomectomy was performed as early as 1845 but was not put into much use due to the belief that it was dangerous, difficult and associated with high mortality. This operation was highly advocated and propagated by Victor Bonney who is known as pioneer of this operation.4 Aim of myomectomy is not only the removal of fibroid/fibroids but it is also to reconstruct a functional uterus which should be able to carry pregnancy. Sometimes this reconstruction is not feasible; this usually happens in very large fibroid or multiple fibroids which leave the remaining uterus totally distorted. Hence if the uterus can't be reconstructed then that becomes a relative contraindication to myomectomy. Sometimes the surgery may result in excessive hemorrhage and the only remedy to control that hemorrhage is hysterectomy. The patients should be counselled about the possibility of hysterectomy before embarking on myomectomy. We report one such case where 29 fibroids of varying sizes were removed abdominally and uterus reconstructed.

Case Report

23 years old unmarried lady reported with complaints of lump abdomen noticed three to four months back. Onset of the lump was insidious and had been growing slowly. She had mild and constant discomfort in her lower abdomen but there was no pain as such. There were no bladder or bowel symptoms. Her menarche was at normal age and her menstrual cycles were regular and of normal flow. She had shown herself to a local doctor and basic investigations had indicated that she had multiple uterine fibroids of different sizes, the largest being 11 to 12cm. Family history revealed that her elder sister was married; had multiple fibroids and was posted for myomectomy which could not be performed and emergency hysterectomy had to be carried out. General and systemic examination was normal. Per abdomen examination showed an abdominopelvic mass which was irregular and bosselated and was of the size of 28 to 30 weeks gravid uterus. Mobility was restricted. Repeat ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis of multiple fibroids; most of them were subserosal or intramural, none appeared being submucos. All other relevant investigations were normal. She was posted for myomectomy after pre-anesthetic checkup. She was explained about the risks of surgery, possibility of ending up in emergency hysterectomy and multiple blood transfusions; and informed consent was obtained. Preoperative bowel preparation was done as the difficulties of surgery could not be predicted. Under general anesthesia the abdomen was opened by midline vertical incision which was extended above umbilicus. The incision was large enough to get adequate exposure and manipulation. Peroperative examination showed multiple fibroids occupying the whole of the body but lower segment was free from fibroids. A catheter was used pericervically in the lower segment as a tourniquet along with vascular clamps on infundibulopelvic ligaments to reduce the blood supply.

It did not appear feasible to remove so many fibroids through a single incision on the uterus. Total of five incisions were given over the most prominent part of the fibroids. Liberal infiltration of vasopressin diluted in normal saline was done before incising. One ampoule containing 20 units was diluted into 50 to 60ml normal saline and total of approximately 130ml of such fluid was used throughout the procedure. 29 fibroids (Figure 2) were removed by using cautery, blunt and sharp dissection and the remaining cavity was obliterated with multiple layers of polyglactin ensuring that the raw bed had stopped bleeding. There was some ooze from the incision sites hence one intraperitoneal drain was introduced and abdomen closed in layers. Blood loss during surgery was more than one liter hence she was transfused three pints of packed red cells. Total duration of surgery was approximately three hours. Broad spectrum antibiotics were started preoperatively and same were continued postoperatively. She developed fever the next day which subsided after three days with supportive therapy alone, postoperative Hb was maintained.

Since she was a case of multiple fibroids and strong family history, some micro and mini fibroids could have been left behind which would have grown during future course. She was put on Mifepristone; 25mg daily for ten months till she got married, during this period she developed oligomenorrhoea. There were no side effects of the medication. Repeat ultrasound done six months after surgery showed three to four small fibroids; all less than 1cm. She was advised not to delay conception. She conceived spontaneously within three months of marriage and ultrasound showed a small fibroid posteriorly (Figure 3) and intrauterine pregnancy of seven weeks (Figure 4). She underwent an elective LSCS at 37 weeks of gestation and delivered a 2.9Kg male baby, there were no visible and palpable fibroids.

Discussion

Fibroids uterus are common tumors of the uterus, they are benign muscular growths in the wall of the uterus, majority of them are small and asymptomatic. They can cause lump, abdominal or pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding (usually menorrhagia) and sometimes linked with infertility, may manifest as pressure symptoms depending on their location and size. Most of the fibroids can be diagnosed by clinical examination and ultrasonography; very rarely other imaging modalities like MRI are required primarily to differentiate fibroid from local or focal adenomyosis [5]. Development and subsequent growth depends on many factors, these factors were studied by Walker C et al. [6]. It is well known that these fibroids are hormone dependent and they all regress after menopause. Due to hormonal influence many medications like Danazol, GnRH agonist, Mifepristone [7-9] have been used to reduce the size of the fibroids preoperatively or primarily as medical management. Treatment of fibroid with Mifepristone; was first reported by Murphy et al. [10]. Other medications which can be used are either for symptomatic management or for control of menstrual abnormalities like oral pills or progestin.

Definitive treatment of fibroids is surgical; hysterectomy in patients who have finished their child bearing or myomectomy where uterus needs to be retained either for child bearing or for patient's desire. Myomectomy has traditionally been performed abdominally but lately the same procedure can be performed laparoscopically. Many case series have indicated the feasibility of myomectomy/myomectomies laparoscopically irrespective of size and numbers of fibroids [11,12]. Patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy should give informed consent for possibility of converting to laparotomy or emergency hysterectomy. Women treated laparoscopically have less pain, reduced rates of transfusion and febrile morbidity, shorter hospital stay and fewer postoperative adhesions [13] but requires highly sophisticated equipment and extraordinary surgical skill.

Abdominal myomectomy should preferably be performed through an incision that gives adequate exposure; which is really needed at the time of excessive bleeding. A number of methods have been used to reduce the blood loss at the time myomectomy like use of tourniquets or infiltration of diluted vasopressin [14]. Fever (sometimes named 'myomectomy fever') is not an uncommon postoperative event whether the procedure is performed abdominally or laparoscopically and this fever is not due to infection [15]. The main concerns after myomectomy are the recurrence of fibroids [16], fertility [17] and rupture of scarred uterus in pregnancy [18]. Recurrence of fibroids may be reduced by use of Mifepristone [3]; which is used orally and has minimal side effects. It was believed that fibroids are estrogen dependent but recent studies [8,19] suggest that progesterone too is responsible for the growth of fibroids hence antiprogesterones like RU 486 are effective in reducing the size of fibroids.

Aim of the case publication is that though the present era is of advanced technology and minimally invasive surgery but this may not be available everywhere and feasible in every case. There is still a place for open myomectomy where fibroids are multiple and this surgery can be performed in any hospital with blood transfusion availability.

For more articles in Open Access Journal of Case Studies please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/jojcs/index.php

#JuniperPublishers #juniper publishers journals #Cardio-Thoracic Surgery #Gastrointestinal Surgery #Hospice and Palliative Medicine #Molecular Biology

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gloieee · 4 years ago

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To glo et al.

It seems appropriate in many ways to start off this playlist with Dr. WHOEVER, an introspective and unexpectedly slow-paced track by Amine that has stayed with me since a dear friend sent it to me towards the end of 2018. I remember the moment so clearly. It was a typical cold Boston winter evening, when the sun had set well before 4 pm. I was living in my stifling apartment in Longwood mere minutes from my work and feeling empty after putting my all into a process for a year +, and yet still under so much uncertainty about the future. Mentally and physically, I felt so heavy, and since I finally had time, got a work-subsidized gym membership. That particular day, I had mustered up all my energy to change into my gym clothes after work to head to the dingy Bodyscapes, which really just felt like an extension of the Longwood hospitals. (It didn’t help that it was literally nestled in one of the research buildings.) Walking the few minutes back home, my body hot and the night air cold, I listened to this song and got shivers at how much it felt like an anthem for the confused mid-twenty-year-olds going through shit. Sad on your motherfucking birthday, cause you know you’re getting older and not happier. It hit even harder because my birthday always comes with the new year, and that only exacerbates the reflecting and processing I do.

This song seems still more relevant this year, now. Indeed, it’s been crazy, for everyone, and it’s been laden with moments when you question, “what the fuck is my life.” I’ve been trying to be my own Dr. WHOEVER for the first time. It’s ironic that it’s my first, given that I’m trying to become a doctor for other people, perhaps even exactly the person you go to to tell all your problems. I’ve always been almost too good at telling a friend what I’m going through, contrary to the trope of the emotionally reticent young person, putting up a front of happiness. I’ve been having some illuminating conversations recently, mainly with the same friend who sent me this song years ago (who I have been so grateful towards, even more so these past few weeks), and been evaluating this funk that I’ve been in since Spring 2019 from a step back.

Up until last year, a source of my agony was being understood by others. I knew what I wanted, even though I also knew that from the outside, that didn’t always seem to make me “happy” nor appeared to be the easiest route to take. Hence, I would find myself constantly explaining/ defending what I was going through because I wanted others to “get it.” I’ve always deeply wanted to be understood by others, ever since I was an adolescent. I’ve always felt “different” in some way from other people around me, and I never liked that feeling. Hence, I am/ have always been so touched when someone “gets me”. It’s no coincidence that I have what I have etched onto my left forearm for eternity. So, when ~da funk~ started in 2019, I did what I always do and talked to people about it. I have amazing friends (thanks to my thick “General eyebrows,” which indicates “people luck” in Korea), and everyone has been so validating throughout this perplexing situation where I feel so unmotivated and unlike myself.

I realized recently that my situation right now may be pointedly opposite of what I’ve felt before—everyone else thinks I’m doing fine (many friends have said that it seemed like I was having the time of my life in LA—and I did from a certain lens), but I’m entirely unhappy with where I am. What I need right now doesn’t seem to be validation from anyone else, but from myself. I need to understand and accept where I am, and tell myself it’s okay. I’ve always been about facing the brute reality, bucking up, and making it through. This revelation has called for an entire change of pace—I am not used to being kind to myself, unless I’m going through something that I objectively consider difficult (i.e. debilitating chronic pain in college), superhumanly impossible, or at least deeply meaningful. I hold myself to such a standard that I never hold to my own friends or others. So as Amine says, I’m trying to let my feelings settle in and take my own advice.

My mother told me that no one can fully understand who I am, because there is no way for anyone to know everything that has happened in my life and what significance it holds for me. I’m the only one that can perhaps truly understand where I’m coming from, because I’m the only one who knows my life in its entirety. She told me that as she gets older, she realizes more and more that at the end of the day, our own self is all that anyone has. It’s a balance, but I am trying very hard to take care of myself, to be kind. I have felt, for the first time ever perhaps, that it doesn’t really help to talk to people about what I am struggling with right now. I like updating them once I have a breakthrough, or asking for specific advice after I wade through and organize my own thoughts, all the leaves and flowers strewn about the waters, but active problem solving with people (read: in real time freak outs) feel burdensome to everyone and lead me to also feel worse about myself. I don’t feel very good after talking about myself to other people right now.

I do feel bad because I also don’t really have the capacity to be there for others, and I don’t feel like I have a legitimate reason to be in that state. Even when I was going through objectively difficult things, I was able to (I thought) be present for my friends. This isn’t a good excuse, but for those who are reading, I apologize for not being present. The following songs are a letter of sorts to myself, all the different parts and voices of glo, a progression of me into my own mind. As I’ve mentioned before, I have sought to be a sort of muse to someone rather than my own whatever. I feel like I am seeking to be my own muse at this time. I could not explain to you what this really means, but I am listening to these songs with a different perspective than usual. Perhaps this means I am just blithely self-centered, but I’m not imagining other people to be singing about me anymore, but feel like this is me singing about me?

I am hopeful though. I think this could be something.

9. 20. 2020

_______________________________________________________________________

Is what I wrote nearly a month ago, a few weeks into these realizations, my purported ~self- care journey~ that I can’t say without a laugh (although it’s truly extremely important). And I was right. This WAS-IS SOMETHING. I feel more grounded and stable than I’ve felt since the dreaded March 2019. Grounded in a different sense, because I have let go of the notion that my feet need to touch the ground for me to feel stable.

My superficial mood is still what it is, but I don’t feel it racking me to my core anymore. I feel like I know who I am, for the first time since March 2019. I still can’t put it into words, but I know that I I know.

Open Wide- Spencer .

I hope you like the way I like to keep you in my head Same thoughts keep haunting me, while I am sleeping in my bed You've got me open wide Just come inside

2much – Spencer

Who let you make the rules? Summer's gone Win or lose, you still bruise Bring it on I put my little truth in this song Up too late, you're heavy on my mind now Lying to myself, I need to lie down Tearing down the walls, I need to cry now

Spencer’s music is like a beautiful, dreamy snapshot into vulnerability and honesty. An appropriate second intro for my journey with and within myself. God knows the same thoughts have been haunting me for a while, especially in the evenings laden with insomnia (which is ever so often these days), when my mind is not strong enough to fight off the negative thoughts and the burden of a day where I haven’t done nearly enough as I “should have.” But perhaps these repeating haunting thoughts actually show that I might as well invite myself into my own world, rather than forcing myself out. I’m already here anyway; might as well get comfortable. I’m too in my head a lot of the time, and this phrase is often used negatively. We need to be out in reality, in the real world; you just need to turn off your mind and get shit done. I’ve always believed in this firmly, which has led me to dislike myself a lot of the time. I like myself better when I’m action-oriented; I like others who are action-oriented, perhaps having been burnt hurt by people who are all thought and no action. But, at the same time, I need to recognize that I have never been that paralyzed to inaction so that I have lost something dear to me as a consequence. Of course, that could happen to me, as it can to anyone, but maybe I just need to cut myself some slack. Instead of forcing myself out of my mind, and feeling agonized when I find myself there inevitably, I would like to open wide and kindly invite myself in.

And what better way than with some good old honesty. … Summer’s gone, win or lose, you still bruise. BRING IT ON. This line carries courage that I’ve felt I had lost for a while. I’ve been so afraid of, it boils down to, regret. A certain type of regret.

Fun Girl - Summer Walker

I remember what you told me Said I wasn't made right Said I wasn't cut right That's why I'm so lonely, mm Can't turn a ho into a housewife Is it cause I love who I want and fuck who I choose to Don't take no shit and won't be used But I guess that makes me undesirable Life's unfair

I love Summer Walker with her ever raw, melancholy, crooning vocals. This mixtape-like track reminds me of an average post-grad apartment set up: soft beige carpets, and a girl singing into a mic surrounded by blankets on a second-hand plushy sofa. I listen to this song and think, what a dick this kid is for treating Summer this way when she’s baller. These queries are so relatable and I get so worked up until I realize—no one has ever said these things to me or made me feel this way really. It’s really just me saying it and doing it to myself. Funny to what extent you’re your worst critic.

On a separate note, her life’s unfair outro just pulls at my heart. Each time she says it it’s as if I can accept that fact a little bit better.

I Was Sad Last Night I’m OK now - Tobi Lou

I was sad last night, I'm okay now My bad lil' bih went missin' on me All my confidence sure went missin' on me Ain't seen you in a while, are you checkin' on me? I was hungry as fuck, I just ate now But the state that I'm in got me anxious again

Sometimes I ignore you too - Tobi Lou

All these things I don't need (A lot) Giving me anxiety (Stop) (I need you to escape I'm like light years away I’m here, you’re there It’s no fair You think you make all the rules My insides are royal blue Sometimes I ignore you too) Took a step back but, didn't go backwards I wanted things but they didn't happen

Tobi has been my soul food for the past few months. I was sad last night I’m OK now has been the mantra I’ve been trying to chant into existence. It’s all right you sad right now, but tomorrow, it’s gonna be better. It’s okay you were sad last night, but right now you’re ok. I play this song in the morning after I do my meditation. The cycle of trying to fulfill my basic needs/duties of the day, but the anxiety just popping up for no f- reason has really been my days lately. But I’m trying not to dwell on it too much. I constantly am reminding myself that I “took a step back but, didn’t go backwards.” I’m trying to live by it.

Tobi is a prolific artist and just so accurately captures the spirit of your twenties, these particular turbulent and unsure times, in so many other songs too. He just owns his vulnerability in a funky way; he’s sad but boppy; insecure but also knows he’s still hot shit, and honestly just goals. He just matter-of-factly states what he’s going through, and shows me that all these emotions can coexist at the same time and that’s fine and beautiful. I can be sad sometimes, but be okay; I can feel doubt while also thinking my insides are royal blue; I can miss someone but also ignore them; I can feel like things aren’t fair but move on; I can take a step back but move forward.

Dr. WHOEVER - Amine

I sit here and tell you my problems That's how this work, right? I'm s'posed to be open and honest But I got time, right Let your feelings settle in

I want war (but I need peace) - Kali Uchis

My mind and my soul is the weapon And every failure was a lesson See, I just wanna grow into my greatness I wish I had the time that you takin' I want war, but I need peace And they kept on callin' me crazy But maybe, that's how God made me

On the note of accepting myself, maybe this is how God made me. I’ve tried digging into why it was I was in such a funk when things were objectively fine, other than the obvious of what happened in Spring 2019. But I haven’t really* been able to get down to it, and I’ve felt a bit crazy and frustrated. And yet, I have been pressuring myself to get out of it for so long. The overarching theme has been that I’ve felt that I have no time, as Amine seems to question in Dr. WHOEVER. I feel so old, so behind in life, but can’t muster up the motivation to do even the basics for a while. Hence the loop-de-loop of doom. I’m maybe realizing that personality-wise I approach things like a war—something to conquer, to overcome, to achieve—when what I really need is peace—kindness, a steadier state. And instead of seeking that from external things—career, marriage by a certain age (which seem to be the standard these days)—I need to find that in myself.

I do think I’ve reached a point where I can’t justify why, but I can put words to why the slump has lasted this long. It’s because I felt like I just wasn’t making progress in any core pillars of my life. Even the good things were arbitrary and by chance, and it just made me feel like I wasn’t earning anything or moving forward. An interesting and random event has made me realize though, that every failure has been* a lesson, even though it’s taking much longer & more effort for me to feel it and realize it in my life. My mind and my soul has been a weapon that I’ve used against myself for a while, and I’m realizing I still can* use it for myself. I’m trying to grow into my greatness, and I think I am getting there, slowly but surely. Maybe I do have the time that you takin.

Instead of ruminating on why and what went wrong on multiple fronts, I am trying to cut my losses and accept, much like JID does. Sometimes you try for shit and shit just doesn’t work out. I need to just use how God made me to deal with whatever it is I’m going through, and be satisfied, even feel a sense of appreciation, instead of focusing on what I’m not:

Workin Out - JID

(Mama call, "Where the fuck you at?") -the story of living in Korea with my parents at age 26. I gave everything and got nothing back 'Cause I been working hella hard, shit ain't really working out I been praying to the Lord, shit ain't really working out I been looking to the stars, keep my head up in the clouds Shit ain't really working out, shit ain't really working out Quiet Don't explain What is there to gain Searching for a purpose, I see what you on Difference in how you be using your gifts In the midst of the shit that you dealing with

And a brief interjection to actually embrace the vulnerability that I so admire in Tobi and these artists. Despite these realizations that you need to stop lingering too much and move on, you still want a hot tub dream machine and want things you can’t have, and want to croon about it for a bit. “Honesty is better when it’s practiced”: this line hits me most saliently these days. It’s one of those lines that hits you and you’re like wow, what an interesting way to phrase a truth. We always talk about honesty and the value of it, and harbor our honest thoughts it in ourselves. Yet we rarely fully voice it, to ourselves nor to our families, friends, partners and it leads to a lot of strife. Honesty not about what we want or want to reach, but where we’re at right now. A failure to do this has been a central part of how things went further south last year. I’ve been taking this to heart, and trying to practice this form of honesty these days.

Hot tub DREAM machine - tobi Lou

Ayy, I need a hot tub time machine Then I can go back and fix everything Same old you, but a different me Maybe we can be human beings Still struggling with a whole lot of things I'm still down here spiraling But you know there's something about you That makes me happy, but makes me so sad too Makes me so damn sad I don't wanna fall asleep, I don't wanna say good night I don't wanna get too weak, I don't wanna slip your mind 'Cause lately you so UFO You don't come around no more You visit me in my dreams Like why on Earth you do that for?

Cheap Vactions – Tobi Lou

I'm just waitin' on you, on you I got a window seat with your name on it I got the red eye cheap, we could fade on it I-I-I do not think I'm ok Sometimes I think I can fly You know I hate being lonely Don't keep me waiting too long

Stolen Moments - Cautious Clay

Honesty is better when it’s practiced Don’t stress your confidence in subtleties Cus no better half can satisfy A wasted alibi

Ultimately, despite the meandering journey I’ve been on, the dips of frustration and self-questioning, I feel it like a faint hint in the backdrop that has gotten more salient over the months: I’m proud of myself. I remember listening to PROUD OF U by EARTHGANG (feat. Young Thug) while doing some dumbbell rows at the gym and feeling a pang in my chest and perhaps, a tiny tear in my eye. Something about Young Thug’s cracking voice as he says he’s proud of you that got to me. These past few months, I’ve truly realized how hard on myself I normally am and it feels like a big step for me to be proud of myself, not for an external achievement that everyone validates or something that I think is impossible, but for working on myself in a silent way, even if parts of it may appear incomprehensible or silly to both myself and others.

And my lighthearted spirit anthem. I’m addicted to “taking care of myself” in all ways these past few months, and a funsie way it has manifested is exactly and literally the following: an obsession with skincare. No matter the topsy turvy tribulations of the day, I wrap up the evening slapping on some new toners, serums, and creams, maybe peeling off a sheet mask pack, and feeling myself to this song. There’s something that feels affirming about taking care of my skin even if “the world gonna end,” and I see no one. It’s a symbolic, tangible, but also random act that keeps it all in good fun. The interweaving of cursing out the doom of 2020, the anger directed towards multiple sources yet no one at all, the sadness, the confidence, the indignation, the sass, the resolve, the twinkly dancing alone in my room, the laughter, all in no particular order, it all me right now.

I really do feel like if I continue down this road, circling back to Dr. Whoever, I’ll be on track in my life. This may actually save a life:

SKIN CARE TUTORIAL 2020 - Tobi Lou

I'm irrational, I'm too passionate I don't give a fuck, I just popped a zip Mirror on the wall, who the baddest bitch? Oh yeah right that's me How could I forget? Vengeance on these hoes, 2020 shit Real sad shit God damn bitch, I'm beautiful Have you ever seen a - like me? Let me answer that for you, no you haven't I'm takin' care of my skin, ayy I'm drinkin' water and shit, yeah I moisturize like a bitch, ooh Fuck 2020 by the way, yeah (Bitch, this might fuck around and save a life)

Updated mid-Oct & mid-Nov 2020

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